| the major surface antigens of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites are gpi-anchored proteophosphoglycans. | trophozoites of the parasitic protozoa, entamoeba histolytica, synthesize a cell surface lipoglycoconjugate, termed lipophosphoglycan, which is thought to be an important virulence factor and potential vaccine candidate against invasive amebiasis. here, we show that the e. histolytica lipophosphoglycans are in fact glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteophosphoglycans (ppgs). these ppgs contain a highly acidic polypeptide component which is rich in asp, glu and phosphoserine residues. ... | 2000 | 10715210 |
| symptomatic and asymptomatic amoebiasis in two heterosexual couples. | four cases of amoebiasis are described: two symptomatic with intestinal and hepatic involvement and two asymptomatic, diagnosed in two, heterosexual, italian couples. infection was probably acquired first by the men, via an indirect faccal-oral route, and then transmitted to their partners in the same way. the two amoebic strains isolated, from the woman of one couple and the man of the other, were characterized by electrophoresis as zymodemes ii alpha- and xix of entamoeba histolytica. these fo ... | 1999 | 10715677 |
| inhibition of gene expression in entamoeba by the transcription of antisense rna: effect of 5' and 3' regulatory elements. | down regulation of gene expression by antisense rna is one of the ways to investigate the specific contribution of certain components to the physiology and activities of a cell. a successful inhibition of gene expression in entamoeba trophozoites was achieved in stable transfectants by using hybrid plasmid constructs containing promotors that produce transcripts which do not bind to polysomes. different promotors were found to be required for entamoeba histolytica or entamoeba dispar. in e. hist ... | 2000 | 10717304 |
| compositional pressure and translational selection determine codon usage in the extremely gc-poor unicellular eukaryote entamoeba histolytica. | it is widely accepted that the compositional pressure is the only factor shaping codon usage in unicellular species displaying extremely biased genomic compositions. this seems to be the case in the prokaryotes mycoplasma capricolum, rickettsia prowasekii and borrelia burgdorferi (gc-poor), and in micrococcus luteus (gc-rich). however, in the gc-poor unicellular eukaryotes dictyostelium discoideum and plasmodium falciparum, there is evidence that selection, acting at the level of translation, in ... | 2000 | 10721724 |
| analysis of cdna expressed sequence tags from entamoeba histolytica: identification of two highly abundant polyadenylated transcripts with no overt open reading frames. | upon analysis of 304 expressed sequence tags derived from the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, a number of novel protein encoding amoeba sequences were isolated. in addition, two unrelated, abundantly expressed transcripts were identified, and designated, ehapt1 and ehapt2. although these transcripts do not contain any overt open reading frame, both are polyadenylated and together represent about 19% of total polya+-rna(11.6% for ehapt1 and 7.5% for ehapt2), thus being the most highly e ... | 1999 | 10724519 |
| absence of lipophosphoglycan-like glycoconjugates in entamoeba dispar. | invasive amoebiasis is the result of infection of entamoeba histolytica. the closely related entamoeba dispar can colonize the human gut but does not cause invasive disease. in this study, e. dispar was analysed for the presence of the lipophosphoglycan-like (lpg) glycoconjugate known to be present on the cell surface of e. histolytica. e. dispar cells were radio-isotope labelled with [3h]galactose or [3h]inositol. the acidic glycoconjugates were extracted and analysed by hydrophobic chromatogra ... | 2000 | 10726263 |
| galactose-specific adhesin and cytotoxicity of entamoeba histolytica. | we examined the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of entamoeba histolytica, using the loss of transepithelial electrical resistance (ter) of monolayers of madin-darby canine-kidney (mdck) cells on their incubation with axenic trophozoites of the hm1-imss strain. such loss of ter occurs very early (in 2-5 min) and is caused by the opening of tight junctions and the detachment of cells. we used specific inhibitors for three of the four molecules currently accepted as being responsible for c ... | 2000 | 10726993 |
| superoxide dismutase reduces susceptibility to metronidazole of the pathogenic protozoan entamoeba histolytica under microaerophilic but not under anaerobic conditions. | | 2000 | 10729211 |
| asymptomatic cyst passers of entamoeba histolytica but not entamoeba dispar in institutions for the mentally retarded in japan. | entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar was isolated from 50 asymptomatic amebic cyst passers in three institutions for the mentally retarded in kanagawa prefecture, japan. to distinguish between e. histolytica and e. dispar, the isolates were analyzed by pcr, reactivity to monoclonal antibodies, and zymodemes. all isolates were identified as e. histolytica. the results lead us to conceive that, in japan, e. histolytica is predominant even in asymptomatic cyst passers. | 2000 | 10729715 |
| the genome of entamoeba histolytica. | estimation of genome size of entamoeba histolytica by different methods has failed to give comparable values due to the inherent complexities of the organism, such as the uncertain level of ploidy, presence of multinucleated cells and a poorly demarcated cell division cycle. the genome of e. histolytica has a low g+c content (22.4%), and is composed of both linear chromosomes and a number of circular plasmid-like molecules. the rrna genes are located exclusively on some of the circular dnas. kar ... | 2000 | 10731563 |
| neo-inositol polyphosphates in the amoeba entamoeba histolytica. | we have reexamined the structure of inositol phosphates present in trophozoites of the parasitic amoeba entamoeba histolytica and show here that, rather than being myo-inositol derivatives (martin, j.-b., bakker-grunwald, t., and klein, g. (1993) eur. j. biochem. 214, 711-718), these compounds belong to a new class of inositol phosphates in which the cyclitol isomer is neo-inositol. the structures of neo-inositol hexakisphosphate, 2-diphospho-neo-inositol pentakisphosphate, and 2, 5-bisdiphospho ... | 2000 | 10744695 |
| comparison of polyvinyl alcohol fixative with three less hazardous fixatives for detection and identification of intestinal parasites. | polyvinyl alcohol (pva) containing the fixative mercuric chloride is considered the "gold standard" for the fixation of ova and parasites in the preparation of permanently stained smears of stool specimens. however, mercuric chloride is potentially hazardous to laboratory personnel and presents disposal problems. we compared three new alternative, nontoxic fixatives with pva, analyzing ease of sample preparation and quality of smears. sixty-eight fresh stool specimens were divided into aliquots ... | 2000 | 10747149 |
| cysteine proteinases and the pathogenesis of amebiasis. | amebiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropical world. entamoeba histolytica is now recognized as a separate species from the morphologically identical e. dispar, which cannot invade. cysteine proteinases are a key virulence factor of e. histolytica and play a role in intestinal invasion by degrading the extracellular matrix and circumventing the host immune response through cleavage of secretory immunoglobulin a (siga), igg, and activation of complement. cysteine p ... | 2000 | 10755997 |
| pathogenesis of intestinal amebiasis: from molecules to disease. | in spite of a wealth of knowledge on the biochemistry and cellular and molecular biology of entamoeba histolytica, little has been done to apply these advances to our understanding of the lesions observed in patients with intestinal amebiasis. in this review, the pathological and histological findings in acute amebic colitis are related to the molecular mechanisms of e. histolytica pathogenicity described to date. infection of the human colon by e. histolytica produces focal ulceration of the in ... | 2000 | 10756002 |
| evidence that hyaluronidase is not involved in tissue invasion of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | as previous reports suggested that a hyaluronidase is involved in tissue invasion of entamoeba histolytica, we searched for such an activity in trophozoite extracts. a hyaluronidase activity was not detectable in long-term cultures or in amoebae freshly passaged through a gerbil liver, as evidenced by four different techniques. | 2000 | 10769014 |
| the seasonal variation in the microbial agents implicated in the etiology of diarrheal diseases among children in lao people's democratic republic. | during 1994-1995, the etiological structure of children's diarrhea was monitored in outpatients at mahosot hospital, vientiane, lao pdr. of the 191 children studied, 42% had stool specimens positive for enteropathogens; 22% had rotavirus, 21.5% enteropathogenic e. coli, 4.7% shigella flexneri, 2.9% campylobacter jejuni, 2.1% shigella sonnei, and 0.5% each of giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica. no vibrio cholerae and salmonella spp. was detected in this monitoring. in children under f ... | 1999 | 10774703 |
| role of dna probes in characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic e. histolytica. | | 1999 | 10778707 |
| purification and properties of an acid phosphatase from entamoeba histolytica hm-1:imss. | entamoeba histolytica contains and secretes acid phosphatase, which has been proposed as a virulence factor in some pathogenic microorganisms. in this work, we purified and characterised a membrane-bound acid phosphatase (map) from e. histolytica hm-1:imss and studied the effect of different chemical compounds on the secreted acid phosphatase and map activities. map purification was accomplished by detergent solubilisation, and affinity and ion exchange chromatographies. the enzyme showed a pi o ... | 2000 | 10779571 |
| cloning, characterization and functional expression of a cyclophilin of entamoeba histolytica. | full-length entamoeba histolytica cyclophilin gene (ehcyp) was isolated, characterized and recombinantly expressed in bacterial cells. the deduced amino acid sequence of ehcyp shows 60-70% identity with cyclophilins from other organisms and has conserved the cyclophilin signature motifs and residues involved in cyclosporin a binding. upstream of the 501 bp open reading frame of ehcyp, sequences resembling the putative consensus e. histolytica ce1, ce2 and ce3 regulatory elements were found. nort ... | 2000 | 10779598 |
| cloning and characterization of entamoeba histolytica antigens recognized by human secretory iga antibodies. | to identify the entamoeba histolytica antigens capable of inducing secretory iga (siga) responses in humans, a cdna library from the strain hm1:imss was immuno-screened with saliva from patients with intestinal amebiasis or amebic liver abscess. clones isolated with siga antibodies from patients with intestinal amebiasis corresponded to the known serine-rich protein isoform, a 29 kda cysteine-rich protein and 1-alpha elongation factor. clones corresponding to enolase, cyclophilin, ribosomal prot ... | 2000 | 10780744 |
| antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities of extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparations used in kinshasa, congo. | three major extracts from some traditional preparations, based on medicinal plants, used as antidiarrhoeal agents were investigated for their putative antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities in vitro. results indicated that both biological activities are concentrated in the polyphenolic fraction, and not in the saponin or alkaloid containing fractions. the most active polyphenolic extracts were those from euphorbia hirta whole plant, leaves of alchornea cordifolia, crossopteryx febrifuga, nauclea ... | 2000 | 10782488 |
| isolation of emetine resistant clones of entamoeba histolytica by petri dish agar method. | emetine resistant clones of entamoeba histolytica strain hm1:imss were isolated by using petri dish agar method after mutation with ethyl-methanesulphonate. two emetine resistant clones were obtained and both were resistant to emetine at a concentration of 24 micrograms/ml of emetine. the 50 per cent inhibitory concentration (ic50) for both emetine sensitive and resistant clones was 5 and 14 micrograms/ml respectively. the colony forming efficiency of e. histolytica strain hm1:imss varied from 4 ... | 2000 | 10793488 |
| [prevalence of intestinal parasitic disease in three provinces in morocco]. | a study of intestinal parasites was carried out in taounate, béni mellal and tizinit provinces in morocco on a sample of 1682 individuals who were representative of the urban and rural area population. for each stool specimen, three microscopic examinations and a kato test were performed. in the three provinces, about two-thirds of the study participants from rural areas and around 50% of those from urban areas had parasites. the reproducibility of the prevalence figures allowed the study result ... | 1999 | 10793785 |
| role of protozoa as risk factors for persistent diarrhea. | a case control study including 175 children aged 0-36 months suffering from diarrhea of > or = 14 days duration was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica or cryptosporidium infection and persistent diarrhea (pd). subjects were identified by ongoing household surveillance and enrolled as cases. for each case two controls were selected by survey of neighbouring households--a child with acute diarrhea and one without diarrhea. both th ... | 1999 | 10798032 |
| an entamoeba histolytica inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase has a novel 3-kinase activity. | | 2000 | 10802324 |
| vacuolar localization of an entamoeba histolytica homologue of the plasma membrane atpase (pmca). | | 2000 | 10802325 |
| cell killing by the human parasite entamoeba histolytica is inhibited by the rho-inactivating c3 exoenzyme. | | 2000 | 10802329 |
| inguinal lymphadenitis caused by entamoeba histolytica: case report and literature review. | liver abscesses are the most common manifestation of extraintestinal infection by entamoeba histolytica. involvement of other sites, including the peritoneum, pericardium, brain, or genitourinary tract, is unusual. we describe a case of inguinal necrotizing lymphadenitis caused by e histolytica. our patient responded well to surgical drainage, metronidazole, and paramomycin therapy. a literature review of genitourinary and other uncommon sites of e histolytica infection is included. | 2000 | 10807081 |
| gender distribution in asymptomatic and invasive amebiasis. | the majority of individuals infected by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica experience subclinical infections. however, a small proportion of parasitized individuals develop severe invasive disease such as amebic dysentery or amebic liver abscess. invasive amebiasis affects predominantly men; the usual explanation for this has been that men have a higher rate of asymptomatic infections and therefore experience a higher rate of invasive disease. to date, there is no convincing evidence o ... | 2000 | 10811339 |
| enteropathogens in adult patients with diarrhea and healthy control subjects: a 1-year prospective study in a swedish clinic for infectious diseases. | a 1-year prospective study was conducted to identify enteropathogens in adults with diarrhea (n=851) and in healthy control subjects (n=203) by use of conventional laboratory methods. virulence factor genes for diarrheagenic escherichia coli were detected by polymerase chain reaction. enteropathogens were identified in 56% of patients and 16% of control subjects. the isolation rate was 65% for patients with symptoms for <1 week and for travelers; >1 pathogen was found in 11% of patients. the mos ... | 2000 | 10816147 |
| a novel protein kinase from brassica juncea stimulated by a protozoan calcium binding protein. purification and partial characterization. | a novel protein kinase (bjccabpk) from etiolated brassica juncea seedlings has been purified and partially characterized. the purified enzyme migrated on sds/page as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kda. the optimum ph for the kinase activity was 8.0. it was stimulated more than sixfold by the protozoa entamoeba histolytica calcium binding protein ehcabp (10.5 nm) but not by calmodulin (cam) when used at equimolar concentration. moreover the kinase also did not bind cam-sephar ... | 2000 | 10824102 |
| circular and linear dna molecules in the entamoeba histolytica complex molecular karyotype. | entamoeba histolytica genome was analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis under conditions to separate linear chromosomes in the 170-1400 kb range. we identified linear dna molecules of 227, 366, 631, 850, 1112 and 1361 kb (mean sizes obtained by three different methods) and we estimated their reorientation times and migration velocities at various experimental conditions. dna shift mobility assays, using ethidium bromide, suggested that bands migrating at 227 and 631 kb contain linear and c ... | 2000 | 10826778 |
| entamoeba histolytica disturbs the tight junction complex in human enteric t84 cell layers. | entamoeba (e.) histolytica trophozoites initiate amebiasis through invasion into the enteric mucosa. it was our aim to understand the molecular interactions between amebic trophozoites and enterocytes during the early steps of invasion. trophozoites of e. histolytica strain hm1:imss were seeded on the apical side of enteric t84 cell layers, which were established on filters in two-compartment culture chambers. cocultures were analyzed for paracellular permeability by measurement of transepitheli ... | 2000 | 10834936 |
| diagnosis of invasive amebiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of saliva to detect amebic lectin antigen and anti-lectin immunoglobulin g antibodies. | saliva from subjects with amebic liver abscess (ala), acute amebic colitis, asymptomatic infection with entamoeba histolytica or entamoeba dispar, and uninfected controls was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of e. histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin antigen and salivary immunoglobulin (igg) antibodies to a recombinant cysteine-rich lectin-derived protein (lc3). salivary lectin antigen was found in 65.8% of subjects with acute colitis, compared to 22.2% of ... | 2000 | 10835000 |
| an entamoeba histolytica rab-like encoding gene and protein: function and cellular location. | we identified here a 576 bp rab-like gene (ehrabb) in entamoeba histolytica. ehrabb is located 332 bp upstream from the start codon of the ehcp112 encoding gene, but is transcribed from the complementary strand. the ehrabb open reading frame predicts a 192 amino acid polypeptide (ehrabb) with 40-42% identity to rab proteins, involved in vesicle docking regulation in endo and exocytic pathways of eukaryotic cells. transcripts of 0.6 and 0.97 kb were detected by the ehrabb probe in northern blot a ... | 2000 | 10838222 |
| cryptic genetic variation in parasitic protozoa. | | 2000 | 10847200 |
| studies on codon usage in entamoeba histolytica. | codon usage bias of entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, was investigated using the available dna sequence data. entamoeba histolytica having at rich genome, is expected to have a and/or t at the third position of codons. overall codon usage data analysis indicates that a and/or t ending codons are strongly biased in the coding region of this organism. however, multivariate statistical analysis suggests that there is a single major trend in codon usage variation among the genes. the gene ... | 2000 | 10856505 |
| inter- and intra-strain variation in the 5.8s ribosomal rna and internal transcribed spacer sequences of entamoeba histolytica and comparison with entamoeba dispar, entamoeba moshkovskii and entamoeba invadens. | the ribosomal rna genes in entamoeba histolytica are located on circular dna molecules in about 200 copies per genome equivalent. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5.8s rrna gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacers was carried out to determine the degree of sequence divergence in the multiple rrna gene copies of a given strain; amongst three different e. histolytica strains (hm-1:imss, rahman and hk-9); and amongst four species of entamoeba (entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, e ... | 2000 | 10856506 |
| the most abundant glycoprotein of amebic cyst walls (jacob) is a lectin with five cys-rich, chitin-binding domains. | the infectious stage of amebae is the chitin-walled cyst, which is resistant to stomach acids. in this study an extraordinarily abundant, encystation-specific glycoprotein (jacob) was identified on two-dimensional protein gels of cyst walls purified from entamoeba invadens. jacob, which was acidic and had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 100 kda, contained sugars that bound to concanavalin a and ricin. the jacob gene encoded a 45-kda protein with a ladder-like series of five cys-rich ... | 2000 | 10858239 |
| the entamoeba histolytica mitochondrion-derived organelle (crypton) contains double-stranded dna and appears to be bound by a double membrane. | amebae have an hsp60-associated, mitochondrion-derived organelle (crypton). in this study, the crypton was stained with multiple dna-binding fluorochromes and a monoclonal anti-double-stranded dna antibody. transmission microscopy of partially purified cryptons revealed organelles bound by a double membrane. | 2000 | 10858251 |
| pcr detection of giardia lamblia in stool: targeting intergenic spacer region of multicopy rrna gene. | a pcr based detection that amplifies the 552-bp intergenic spacer (igs) region of multicopy rrna gene of giardia lamblia and 320-bp internal sequences to first pcr product has been used in diagnosis of giardiasis in stool sample. the primers were found highly specific to giardia spp. only, because no amplification was observed with dnas from other enteric pathogens like escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and entamoeba histolytica. the test could detect even less than 2 pg of genomic dna from ... | 2000 | 10860716 |
| effect of dinitroaniline herbicides on the growth of entamoeba histolytica. | the effect of the dinitroaniline herbicides oryzalin and trifluralin on the growth of entamoeba histolytica was examined. oryzalin inhibited the growth of e. histolytica strain hm-1:imss. trifluralin was less effective than oryzalin for this parasite. entamoeba histolytica was more resistant to these dinitroanilines than other parasitic protozoa examined so far, including leishmania spp., trypanosoma brucei, plasmodium falciparum, toxoplasma gondii, and cryptosporidium parvum. colchicine, a pote ... | 2000 | 10864261 |
| evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis in bangladesh. | serum samples of 31 amebic liver abscess (ala) patients, 8 amebic hepatitis (ah) patients, and 60 controls were tested for anti-amebic igg by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifat). sera of 29 (93.6%) ala and 6 (75%) ah patients and 2 (3.3%) control subjects were positive by ifat. anti-amebic antibody titer above the cutoff point (= 0.168; x + 2 sd of control sera) was observed in sera of 27 (87%) ala, 4 (50%) ah, and 1 (1.7%) control by elisa. a ... | 2000 | 10864262 |
| inhibition and stimulation of growth of entamoeba histolytica in culture: association with pkc activity and protein phosphorylation. | we studied the role of protein kinase c (pkc) and protein threonine phosphorylation in the inhibition and stimulation of growth of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. pkc was activated after serum deprivation in e. histolytica and during this period proteins became threonine phosphorylated. conversely, on serum stimulation of serum-deprived cells, pkc activation was rapidly reversed and the threonine phosphorylation of proteins quickly declined. growth of e. histolytica was not affecte ... | 2000 | 10864515 |
| bacterial, viral and parasitic enteric pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children from northern jordan. | to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea in jordanian children under 5 years of age, we examined stool samples from 265 children admitted to the pediatric ward at princess rahma hospital for children, irbid, jordan, for parasites, rotavirus and enteric bacteria. using both traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques, we detected enteropathogens in 66.4% of patients with diarrhea. a single enteric pathogen was detected in 50.9% of the children, and multiple pathogens were detected in 15.5% ... | 2000 | 10865179 |
| [amebiasis]. | amoebiasis caused by the enteric protozoan entamoeba histolytica is a widespread parasitic disease, which causes 40,000 to 100,000 deaths per year. cases diagnosed in denmark are always imported. infection results from ingestion of amoebic cysts, which after excystation form trophozoits in the small intestine, colonize the bowel lumen and invade the intestinal epithelium resulting in amoebic colitis. spread to the liver and formation of amoebic liver abscesses occurs in one third of the cases, w ... | 2000 | 10868107 |
| osteomyelitis of the ribs in the antibiotic era. | a total of 106 cases of rib osteomyelitis were reviewed, including 2 cases described in detail. mycobacterial and bacterial infections accounted for 47 cases each. fungal rib osteomyelitis occurred in 11 cases and 1 case was caused by entamoeba histolytica. most cases occurred in children and young adults. the mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 16, 26 and 32 weeks for bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal rib osteomyelitis, respectively. common clinical signs were fever (73%), soft tis ... | 2000 | 10879590 |
| entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the united states. | we describe the incidence of and laboratory and clinical characteristics associated with entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar infection diagnosed in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons enrolled in the adult and adolescent spectrum of hiv disease project. from 1 january 1990 to 1 january 1998 (82, 518 person-years of follow-up), 111 patients (98% men) were diagnosed with e. histolytica/e. dispar infection. among hiv-infected patients in the united states, the incidence of diagno ... | 2000 | 10880314 |
| response: entamoeba infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: not just a tropical problem. | | 2000 | 10880315 |
| mg, mn, and co ions enhance the formation of entamoeba histolytica cyst-like structures resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate. | entamoeba histolytica forms cyst-like structures (cls) in pehps but not in tys-33 medium. sodium dodecyl sulfate [(sds (0.1%)] dissolves most of them in 10 min, but not natural cysts. chitin is responsible mainly for cyst wall resistance. its synthesis depends on mg(2)+, mn(2)+, or co(2)+, whose action is interactive. with the aid of the simplex method, we analyzed the effect of 20 blends of these cations to find the one that, when added to pehps, produced the highest proportion of cls resistant ... | 2000 | 10880721 |
| cell polarization and adhesion in a motile pathogenic protozoan: role and fate of the entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac lectin. | the human pathogenic protozoan entamoeba histolytica is a motile cell polarized into a front pseudopod and a rear uroid. the amoebic gal/galnac surface lectin is a major adhesion molecule composed of an immunodominant 170-kda heavy subunit, mostly extracellular except for a short cytoplasmic tail, and of an extracellular light subunit. the binding of multivalent ligands triggers lectin capping and recruitment to the uroid. the properties of the gal/galnac lectin and its role in amoeba adhesion a ... | 2000 | 10884615 |
| a nested, multiplex, pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in faeces. | the detection of and differentiation between entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are of great importance, both for diagnosis and for epidemiological studies. most pcr-based methods for the discrimination of these two species employ complex procedures for dna extraction and require different protocols for e. histolytica and e. dispar, leading to relatively high expenditure, labour costs and turnaround times. a simple, rapid, cost-effective and yet sensitive and specific multiplex pcr techn ... | 2000 | 10884867 |
| epidemiology of infections with intestinal parasites and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among sugar-estate residents in ethiopia. | intestinal parasitic infections could play an important role in the progression of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), by further disturbing the immune system whilst it is already engaged in the fight against hiv. hiv and intestinal parasitic infections were investigated in 1239, randomly selected individuals, aged 15-54 years, living on a sugar estate in central ethiopia. intestinal parasites were identified in faecal samples (one/subject) using direct, concentration, and (for st ... | 2000 | 10884872 |
| food-borne protozoa. | pathogenic protozoa are commonly transmitted to food in developing countries, but food-borne outbreaks of infection are relatively rare in developed countries. the main protozoa of concern in developed countries are toxoplasma, cryptosporidium and giardia, and these can be a problem in immunocompromised people. other protozoa such as entamoeba histolytica, cyclospora cayetanensis and sarcocystis can be a food-borne problem in non-industrialised countries. c. cayetanensis has emerged as a food-bo ... | 2000 | 10885117 |
| [external quality assessment in coproparasitology in havana city province, cuba] | an external quality assessment in coproparasitology was carried out in 77 laboratories from havana city. a questionnaire and ten plastic vials with different intestinal parasites in a small nylon bag, duly sealed, were sent to each laboratory. answers were collected during the 72 hours after delivery. results were analyzed by means of a computer program. the majority of the laboratories (70%) passed the test; the municipalities with the worst scores in the province were lisa, marianao, and haban ... | 1997 | 10886830 |
| enolase from trypanosoma brucei, from the amitochondriate protist mastigamoeba balamuthi, and from the chloroplast and cytosol of euglena gracilis: pieces in the evolutionary puzzle of the eukaryotic glycolytic pathway. | genomic or cdna clones for the glycolytic enzyme enolase were isolated from the amitochondriate pelobiont mastigamoeba balamuthi, from the kinetoplastid trypanosoma brucei, and from the euglenid euglena gracilis. clones for the cytosolic enzyme were found in all three organisms, whereas euglena was found to also express mrna for a second isoenzyme that possesses a putative n-terminal plastid-targeting peptide and is probably targeted to the chloroplast. database searching revealed that arabidops ... | 2000 | 10889212 |
| palladium(ii) complexes of ns donor ligandsderived from s-methyl-dithiocarbazate, s-benzyldithiocarbazateand thiosemicarbazide as antiamoebic agents. | synthesis of palladium(ii) complexes of the type [pdlcl(2)] (where l = schiff bases derived from 2-acetylpyridine and s-methyldithiocarbazate, s-benzyldithiocarbazate or thiosemicarbazide) have been isolated by the reaction of [pd(dmso)(2)c1(2)] and respective ligands. the complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ir, 1h-nmr, electronic spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. it is concluded that the thionic sulphur and the azomethine nitrogen atoms of the ligands are bonded to th ... | 2000 | 10889327 |
| [intestinal parasitosis and environmental pollution: 1343 pediatric cases in beni-mellal, morocco]. | this study was undertaken to determine the possible health risk associated with raw wastewater use in agricultural purposes, particularly, the transmission of parasite infections among children of five regions in beni-mellal, morocco. in a randomly-selected sample of 1343 children, 740 of them were from five regions using raw wastewater for agriculture, and 603 were from 4 control regions that do not practice wastewater irrigation. one or more parasite infections were identified in 50.8% of the ... | 2000 | 10894046 |
| refractory enteric amebiasis in pediatric patients with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | | 2000 | 10896079 |
| differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar cysts using polymerase chain reaction on dna isolated from faeces with spin columns. | since entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar were formally recognized as two different species at the world health organization (who)/pan american health organization (paho)/united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (unesco) meeting in mexico city in 1997, the specific differentiation of the two morphologically identical species would seem relevant in clinical diagnosis. several polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods have been described and used successfully, bu ... | 2000 | 10898137 |
| protection of gerbils from amebic liver abscess by vaccination with a 25-mer peptide derived from the cysteine-rich region of entamoeba histolytica galactose-specific adherence lectin. | the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica causes extensive morbidity and mortality through intestinal infection and amebic liver abscess. here we show that immunization of gerbils with a single keyhole limpet hemocyanin-coupled 25-mer peptide derived from the 170-kda subunit of the e. histolytica galactose-binding adhesin is sufficient to confer substantial protection against experimentally induced amebic liver abscesses. vaccination provided total protection in 5 of 15 immunized gerbils, and ... | 2000 | 10899838 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the fructose 6-phosphate binding site of the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase of entamoeba histolytica. | attempts to define the active site of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (ppi-pfk) using homology modeling based on the three-dimensional structure of the atp-dependent pfks from bacteria have been frustrated by low sequence identity between ppi- and atp-pfks in their carboxyl terminal halves. in the current study, alanine scanning mutagenesis of residues in the carboxyl terminal half of the ppi-pfk of entamoeba histolytica coupled with comparative sequence analysis and computational mo ... | 2000 | 10900132 |
| estimating the impact of amebiasis on health. | | 2000 | 10900473 |
| [amebic liver abscess of autochthonous origin: case report]. | | 2000 | 10905021 |
| entamoeba histolytica: tyrosine kinase activity induced by fibronectin through the beta1-integrin-like molecule. | previously, we characterized a 140-kda protein from entamoeba histolytica as a beta1-integrin-like molecule that binds fibronectin. in this work we present data showing that the amoebic receptor is associated with another surface molecule, the 220-kda lectin, and with protein tyrosine kinase activity. by immunoprecipitation with the alphabeta1eh antibody, we demonstrated by immune complex assays for tyrosine protein kinases that the amoebic fibronectin receptor was associated with two phosphoryl ... | 2000 | 10910709 |
| infectious diseases of gastrointestinal tract in adolescents. | this article reviews the following gastrointestinal infections: esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis including duodenal ulcers, and enteritis (gastroenteritis). the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, morbidity/mortality, and prevention are discussed in relation to the most important pathogens. the symptoms and pathogenesis of esophagitis caused by candida albicans and herpes simplex are contrasted with the symptoms of esophagitis caused by helicobacter ... | 2000 | 10916124 |
| [a case of amebic colitis cured with multiple cicatricial strictures]. | a 53-year-old male was admitted to gifu red cross hospital with the complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. he had a temperature of 38.4 degrees c and diffuse abdominal tenderness without guarding or rebound. plain film of the abdomen showed marked dilatation of the transverse colon. sigmoidoscopy showed multiple aphthoid erosions and pseudomorphic ulcers, and mucosal biopsies demonstrated numerous trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica. the patient was treated with oral metronidazole ... | 2000 | 10916347 |
| inhibitory and lytic effects of phenothiazine derivatives and related tricyclic neuroleptic compounds, on entamoeba histolytica hk9 and hm1 trophozoites. | it has been shown previously that tricyclic neuroleptics like clomipramine and chlorpromazine have lethal effects on leishmania donovani and l. major, and other studies indicate that the phenothiazine inhibitors of trypanothione reductase are potential anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial drugs. with this in mind and our original observation on the presence of trypanothione in entamoeba histolytica hk9, we examined the possible inhibitory effects of various phenothiazine and tricyclic derivati ... | 2000 | 10918039 |
| a tracked approach for automated nmr assignments in proteins (tatapro). | a novel automated approach for the sequence specific nmr assignments of 1hn, 13calpha, 13cbeta, 13c'/1halpha and 15n spins in proteins, using triple resonance experimental data, is presented. the algorithm, tatapro (tracked automated assignments in proteins) utilizes the protein primary sequence and peak lists from a set of triple resonance spectra which correlate 1hn and 15n chemical shifts with those of 13calpha, 13cbeta and 13c'/1halpha. the information derived from such correlations is used ... | 2000 | 10921777 |
| antiplasmodial and antiamoebic activities of medicinal plants from sierra leone. | crude ethanol extracts of 18 medicinal plants from sierra leone, west africa were examined for antiplasmodial activity against plasmodium falciparum, using an in vitro microtest. eleven of these extracts were also screened for in vitro antiamoebic activity against entamoeba histolytica. only one plant extract, triclisia patens (menispermaceae) showed significant antiplasmodial activity (ic(50) = 8 microg/ml). none of the plant extracts was effective against entamoeba histolytica. | 2000 | 10925402 |
| entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases with interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ice) activity cause intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in amoebiasis. | the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal inflammation and ulceration. amoebic trophozoites activate the transcription factor nf-kappa b in human intestinal epithelial cells, initiating an inflammatory response programme with resultant damage to the intestinal tissue. amoebic cysteine proteinases have been proposed as important virulence factors for amoebiasis. to test the role of amoebic cysteine proteinases in the pathogenesis of amoebic colitis, human intestinal xenograft ... | 2000 | 10931347 |
| cellular immune response of intracecally inoculated mongolian gerbils with entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. | we analyzed the local and systemic cellular immune response in mongolian gerbils inoculated with entamoeba histolytica. two groups were intracecally inoculated with e. histolytica trophozoites and two groups were used as controls. a inoculated groups and a control groups were sacrificed on days 10 and 30 post inoculation (p.i), the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns) lymphocytes (ly) were isolated and incubated in vitro with 2 different amebic antigens. the proliferative ly response of inoc ... | 1999 | 10932762 |
| multiple liver abscesses: an unusual case which demonstrates the importance of ultrasonography in the detection of liver pathology. | a 48-year-old caucasian male was admitted to hospital with right-sided chest pain, pyrexia and cough. he had no history of dysentery. he was treated with erythromycin and cotrimoxazole for right lower lobe pneumonia but failed to respond. tender hepatomegaly developed and ultrasound scan demonstrated multiple abscesses in the liver. entamoeba histolytica was identified in his faeces. he was treated with intravenous metronidazole, chloramphenicol and gentamicin and then oral tinidazole, after whi ... | 1998 | 10934548 |
| entamoeba dispar, but not e. histolytica, detected in a colony of chimpanzees in japan. | chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) residing in the kumamoto primate research park, sanwa kagaku kenkyusho, were surveyed for the presence of intestinal parasites. stool samples from 107 chimpanzees were examined by microscopy after formalin-ether sedimentation. of these animals, 100 were infected with at least 1 species of ameba. the positivity rates recorded were as follows: entamoeba coli, 88%; e. histolytica/e. dispar, 48%; e. hartmanni, 15%; iodamoeba buetschlii, 8%; endolimax nana, 4%; and entam ... | 2000 | 10935902 |
| interaction of antibodies with entamoeba histolytica trophozoites from experimental amebic liver abscess: an immunocytochemical study. | using immunocytochemical techniques, we studied the interaction of antibodies with entamoeba histolytica trophozoites present during the development of amebic liver abscess. hamsters were intrahepatically inoculated with hm1-imss axenic amebas and sacrificed at different days post-inoculation. igg of rabbit anti-e. histolytica and igg of rabbit anti-igg of hamster were used, both labeled with peroxidase. with the rabbit anti-e. histolytica, all trophozoites present in hepatic lesions from 1-7 da ... | 2000 | 10935913 |
| contribution to the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of traditionally used medicinal plants in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in lomela area, democratic republic of congo (drc). | in order to collect ethnobotanical information about antidiarrhoeal plants, we performed inquiries among traditional healers, community leaders, and native people of lomela villages in congo. six medicinal plants widely used in this region were designated as having antidysenteric and antidiarrhoeal properties. these six medicinal plants were screened for groups of phytochemical compounds with antibacterial and antiamoebic activities. they were found to contain tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavo ... | 2000 | 10940578 |
| intestinal parasites in relation to haemoglobin level and nutritional status of school children in gaza. | the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relations to anaemia and nutritional status among school children aged 6-11 years in gaza was studied. the target area is overcrowded with improper sewage disposal system and low socioeconomic levels. anaemia was assessed by haemoglobin level (hb) and nutritional status by anthropometric measurements including weight for age (wa), weight for height (wh) and height for age (ha). intestinal parasites were found to be prevalent in gaza. the overall p ... | 2000 | 10946498 |
| a mitochondrion in entamoeba histolytica? | | 2000 | 10951594 |
| [genetic differentiation with restriction patterns between pathogenic and non-pathogenic monoxenic entamoeba histolytica]. | cysteine-proteinase of entamoeba histolytica have been considered implicated like important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of amebiasis. on the basis of the differences in ethnic gene that encodes to 30 kda proteinase. the present study validated a strategy to differentiate strains of pathogenic and non-pathogenic entamoeba histolytica by restriction patterns. | 2000 | 10953608 |
| [a recurrent case of amebic liver abscess seventeen years after the first occurrence]. | a 49-year-old male who had been diagnosed as having amebic liver abscess when he was 32-year-old was admitted to our hospital with fever and watery diarrhea. ultrasonography and ct examination demonstrated a solitary abscess in the right lobe of the liver. cysts of entamoeba histolytica were detected in the stool and an aspiration of the liver abscess looked like anchovy paste. serum amebic antibody by the ifa method was positive and the case was diagnosed as amebic liver abscess. the patient wa ... | 2000 | 10965662 |
| [a case of amebic liver abscess ruptured into the stomach]. | | 2000 | 10965760 |
| antibacterial, anthelmintic and anti-amoebic activity in south african medicinal plants. | hexane, ethanol and water extracts of plants used by south african traditional healers for treating stomach ailments were screened for antibacterial, anthelmintic and anti-amoebic activities. to evaluate antibacterial activity, the disc-diffusion assay was used against several gram-positive and gram-negative species. minimal inhibitory concentration values were determined with a microdilution assay. ethanolic extracts showed the greatest activity, and gram-positive bacteria were the most suscept ... | 2000 | 10967478 |
| diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and intestinal infection with the techlab entamoeba histolytica ii antigen detection and antibody tests. | a noninvasive diagnostic test for amebic liver abscess is needed, because amebic and bacterial abscesses appear identical on ultrasound or computer tomography and because it is rarely possible to identify entamoeba histolytica in stool specimens from patients with amebic liver abscess. here we report a method of detection in serum of circulating e. histolytica gal/galnac lectin to diagnose amebic liver abscess, which was used in patients from dhaka, bangladesh. the techlab e. histolytica ii test ... | 2000 | 10970364 |
| detection of giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar, and cryptosporidium parvum antigens in human fecal specimens using the triage parasite panel enzyme immunoassay. | the triage parasite panel (biosite diagnostics, san diego, calif.) is a new qualitative enzyme immunoassay (eia) panel for the detection of giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica/e. dispar, and cryptosporidium parvum in fresh or fresh, frozen, unfixed human fecal specimens. by using specific antibodies, antigens specific for these organisms are captured and immobilized on a membrane. panel performance was evaluated with known positive and negative stool specimens (a total of 444 specimens) that ... | 2000 | 10970380 |
| intestinal parasitic infections in an institution for the mentally retarded. | of 550 mentally retarded patients in an italian institution, 125 (23%) were found to be infected with intestinal parasites. the infections were most frequent in young men, those with severe mental retardation, the chronically institutionalized and those living in older wards. ninety-four (75.2%) of the parasitised subjects were infected only with protozoa, 25 (20%) only with helminths, and six (4.8%) with protozoa and helminths. entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar infections were detected, but a ... | 2000 | 10983558 |
| amoebic liver abscess in hiv-infected patients. | | 2000 | 10985335 |
| amebic liver abscess. | amebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by entamoeba histolytica. this protozoan organism is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the developing world and is an important health risk to travelers in endemic areas. amebiasis most commonly results in asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, but some patients may develop intestinal invasive disease or extraintestinal disease-amebic liver abscess being the most common extraintestinal manifestation. this article re ... | 2000 | 10987110 |
| a mitochondrial-type hsp70 gene of entamoeba histolytica. | | 2000 | 10989156 |
| [human infestation by entamoeba histolytica. autochthonous disease in our region? report of a case]. | | 2000 | 10994360 |
| percutaneous catheter drainage in drug-resistant amoebic liver abscess. | this communication records our experience with the percutaneous catheter drainage (pcd) of 22 amoebic liver abscesses in 19 patients who had failed to respond to amoebicidal therapy. in one patient with a left lobe abscess, imminent rupture was an additional indication for drainage. pcd combined with amoebicidal therapy not only expedited recovery, but was curative in all 19 patients. there were no complications. we conclude that pcd is a most useful adjunct to drug therapy and recommend its rou ... | 2000 | 10995100 |
| the amoebapore superfamily. | amoebapores, synthesized by human protozoan parasites, form ion channels in target cells and artificial lipid membranes. the major pathogenic effect of these proteins is due to their cytolytic capability which results in target cell death. they comprise a coherent family and are homologous to other proteins and protein domains found in eight families. these families include in addition to the amoebapores (1) the saposins, (2) the nk-lysins and granulysins, (3) the pulmonary surfactant proteins b ... | 2000 | 10998571 |
| the primordial high energy compound: atp or inorganic pyrophosphate? | the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (pp(i)-pfk) of entamoeba histolytica displays a million fold preference for inorganic pyrophosphate (pp(i)) over atp (calculated as the ratio of k(cat)/k(m)). the introduction of a single mutation by site-directed mutagenesis changes its preference from pp(i) to atp. the single mutant has an 8-fold preference for atp whereas a related double mutant shows a preference exceeding 10,000-fold. the results suggest the presence of a latent nucleotide bin ... | 2000 | 11001940 |
| direct amplification of entamoeba histolytica dna from amoebic liver abscess pus using polymerase chain reaction. | an important and serious complication of intestinal infection with entamoeba histolytica is the involvement of the liver (hepatic amoebiasis). hepatic amoebiasis is usually diagnosed by the clinical picture (pain in the right upper quadrant and fever), ultrasound examination and positive serology. however, none of these tests are definitive and the picture overlaps with pyogenic liver abscess caused by bacteria. it is for this reason that the feasibility of using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2000 | 11002979 |
| immunoblot analysis of iga antibodies to naegleria fowleri in human saliva and serum. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the secretory iga (siga) antibody response to naegleria fowleri (nf) in individuals living in a parasite endemic area. saliva and serum samples were obtained from both healthy subjects and patients suffering from a respiratory illness (chronic bronchitis or rhinitis) and were analyzed by immunoblot assay. siga from the patients' samples recognized more intensely a greater number of nf proteins than did siga from the healthy control group. the proteins ... | 2000 | 11002989 |
| identification of enteric pathogens in hiv-positive patients with diarrhoea in northern india. | enteric pathogens associated with chronic diarrhoea in hiv-positive patients were studied. the study was conducted during january 1995-december 1998. stool specimens from all diarrhoea patients (n = 26) were examined microscopically for ova and parasites using wet preparations and stained smears. stool samples from diarrhoea patients were also cultured on appropriate media to isolate enteric bacterial pathogens. of the 59 patients, 26 (44%) had prolonged diarrhoea for more than 4 weeks. enteric ... | 2000 | 11014766 |
| molecular epidemiology of entamoeba spp.: evidence of a bottleneck (demographic sweep) and transcontinental spread of diploid parasites. | entamoeba histolytica causes amebic colitis and liver abscess in developing countries such as mexico and india. entamoeba dispar is morphologically identical but is not associated with disease. here we determined the ploidy of e. histolytica and developed pcr-based methods for distinguishing field isolates of e. histolytica or e. dispar. fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that e. histolytica trophozoites are diploid for five "single-copy" probes tested. intergenic sequences between supero ... | 2000 | 11015408 |
| immunodulation of rat serum and mucosal antibody responses to entamoeba histolytica trophozoites by beta-1,3-glucan and cholera toxin. | systemic and mucosal and immune responses can be manipulated with immunomodulators. here we show the modulatory effects of cholera toxin (ct) and beta-1,3-glucan (glu) on the rat antiamebic serum and fecal antibody responses to one or four intraperitoneal (ip) or intragastric (ig) doses of glutaraldehyde-fixed entamoeba histolytica trophozoites (gft). one ip dose of gft maximized serum igm and igg antiamebic antibodies on days 4 and 9, respectively; ct coadministration increased igm antibodies, ... | 2000 | 11027459 |
| [diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis using coproscopic and immunological methods in a population sample in greater metropolitan belém, pará, brazil]. | we compare diagnostic methods for entamoeba histolytica in fecal samples from the city of belém, pará, brazil. we analyze stool samples from children and adults (group i); stool and serum samples from adults (group ii); and stool samples from children (group iii). in groups i and iii, we used direct examination with lugol (dm), faust et al (fm), and elisa (detection of e. histolytica anti-giap coproantigen) and in group ii, dm, iron hematoxylin staining (ihs), fm, elisa, and the indirect immunof ... | 2000 | 11035523 |
| entamoeba histolytica: rapid detection of indian isolates by cysteine proteinase gene-specific polymerase chain reaction. | amoebiasis, caused by entamoeba histolytica, is still one of the major problems for developing countries like india. early detection of the parasite is a must for its prevention and control. in this study, pcr analysis of the cysteine proteinase gene from clinical isolates of symptomatic intestinal and amoebic liver abscess (ala) cases has been compared with the stool microscopy, serology, and ultrasonography methods. the clinical isolates negative for e. histolytica by stool microscopy demonstr ... | 2000 | 11038312 |
| entamoeba histolytica: bacterial expression of a human monoclonal antibody which inhibits in vitro adherence of trophozoites. | | 2000 | 11038321 |