| phagocytosis and stimulation of the respiratory burst in neutrophils by pneumocystis carinii. | phagocytosis and superoxide production of neutrophils stimulated with pneumocystis carinii were studied using p. carinii obtained from rats and neutrophils and serum from healthy blood donors. superoxide generation increased in a dose-related way to the number of pneumocysts added and was significantly higher when the parasites were opsonized. the use of heat-inactivated serum for opsonization reduced superoxide production somewhat, but not significantly. preincubation of neutrophils with recomb ... | 1993 | 8245530 |
| multiple pneumonias in a man infected with hiv. | there are many pathogens responsible for pneumonia in persons infected with hiv. this case report describes a patient with pneumonias diagnosed sequentially and caused by pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium gordonae, and coccidioides immitis. it demonstrates the importance of pursuing a definitive or additional diagnosis in hiv-related pulmonary disease when the response to empiric therapy or to treatment of an identified pathogen is suboptimal. | 1993 | 8245813 |
| [weekly low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. review of the literature]. | methotrexate (mtx) is an antifolic drug that in recent years has been largely employed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). both short and long term clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and good tolerability. it induces a significant improvement of all clinical variables and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other acute phase reactants with a steroid sparing effect. the probability of continuing mtx therapy for up to 5 years is 46-55% whereas that of contin ... | 1993 | 8247309 |
| group i self-splicing introns in both large and small subunit rrna genes of chlorella. | we report the presence of group i self-splicing introns in both nuclear small subunit (ssu) and large subunit (lsu) rrnas of the unicellular green alga chlorella ellipsoidea. the ssu intron (442 nt) was located at a position within the highly conserved helix 48 that was close to the 3' terminus of ssu rrna: the position was exactly the same as previously reported for the pneumocystis carinii group i intron. the lsu intron (445 nt) was found in a highly conserved helix region (between positions 9 ... | 1993 | 8247750 |
| hiv-infected children in the pediatric emergency department. | forty-three nonhemophiliac, confirmed hiv-positive children followed by the children's hospital aids program made 184 visits to the children's emergency department (ed) during 1988 and 1989. the mean age was 30 +/- 28 months with a median of 25 months, a mode of 10 months, and a range from two days to 19 years. cd4 counts from within six months of the visit were available in 87% and were low enough to require pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis under current guidelines in 52%. chief compl ... | 1993 | 8247930 |
| [inter-human transmission of pneumocystis carinii. risk evaluation in onco-hematology]. | | 1993 | 8248076 |
| [etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia in hiv-aids patients. usefulness of fibrobronchoscopy]. | to assess the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with aids. | 1993 | 8248640 |
| igm response to a human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen in hiv-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. | we have developed an elisa to detect igm antibodies to a major human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen (gp95), and investigated the igm response in 128 hiv-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary symptoms. only 5 (4%) patients had igm antibodies to p. carinii gp95. four of the 5 patients with igm antibodies also had igg antibodies to gp95 and microbiologically proven p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). in 76/128 patients for whom serial samples were available, changes ... | 1993 | 8248753 |
| fever among outpatients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. | fever is common among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. however, the clinical implications of fever in this population have not been evaluated. we therefore undertook a prospective study of fever in persons with advanced hiv infection to determine the incidence and etiology of fever in this patient group. | 1993 | 8250651 |
| alveolar macrophage interaction with pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 8251584 |
| simple and rapid two-step polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | two amplification steps were made to detect pneumocystis carinii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). paz102-e and paz102-h (standard pcr), paz102-l2 (sense), and paz102-e (antisense) (two-step pcr) were used as primers. the amplification products were analyzed by ethidium bromide. after the two-step pcr, ethidium bromide detected all samples positive by oligohybridization after one amplification step. our two-step pcr is a rapid, cost-effective, and clinically suitable method for the detecti ... | 1993 | 8253985 |
| regulation of surfactant phosphatidylcholine secretion from alveolar type ii cells during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat. | we used an immunosuppressed rat model to test the hypothesis that normal mechanisms regulating surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis and secretion in alveolar type ii cells are aberrant in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. animal groups included: group 1, healthy controls; group 2, immunosuppressed, without pneumocystosis; group 3, immunosuppressed with pneumocystosis; group 4, immunosuppressed with well-established pneumocystosis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). type ii ce ... | 1993 | 8254031 |
| rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by using the capillary polymerase chain reaction. | we attempted to detect cytomegalovirus dna (cmv-dna) and pneumocystis carinii dna (p. carinii-dna) in sputum samples of 18 hematological neoplasm patients with pneumonia, using rapid cycle dna amplification. a thermal cycler based on recirculating hot air was used for rapid temperature control of 10-microliters samples in this glass capillary tubes. after a total amplification time of 15 min, the amplified products were electrophoresed on agarose gels and visualized with ethidium bromide. in thr ... | 1993 | 8254213 |
| [an animal model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and therapeutic efficacy of interferon-gamma in this model]. | to evaluate the efficacy of drugs for treatment, we tried to make an animal model of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) pneumonia. specific pathogen free (spf) rats immunosuppressed with corticosteroid were intratracheally inoculated with p. carinii. six weeks after the inoculation, the lung sections of infected rat lung showed increased numbers of p. carinii in the alveoli and thickening of alveolar septa with mononuclear cell infiltration. from 7 to 9 weeks after inoculation, the intensity of i ... | 1993 | 8254217 |
| improved outcomes in intensive care units for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: 1987-1991. | respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common complication requiring an intensive care unit (icu) for persons with aids. in this study, we evaluated patterns of icu use for icu patients with first-episode pcp in 15 veterans administration medical centers from 1987 to 1991. twelve percent of all patients with pcp received care in the icu. the survival rates improved steadily during these years. although there was little variation in the relative frequency of i ... | 1993 | 8254469 |
| [cytomegalovirus antigenemia in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. | for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates after bone marrow transplantation, cytomegalovirus (cmv) antigenemia was evaluated in 9 episodes of pneumonia which developed in 7 allogeneic marrow transplant patients between 9 and 495 days after transplant. the diagnosis of lung infiltration was made based on clinical findings including histological, cytological or microbiological examinations using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, sputum or lung tissue. the cmv antigen-positive l ... | 1993 | 8254905 |
| [clinicopathological study of 10 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic factors in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). from 1976 through 1991, a total of 10 pcp cases were pathologically diagnosed of our hospital. all patients were immunocompromised hosts treated with corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic drugs for their underlying diseases of malignancy in 6 and autoimmune disease in 4. the frequent symptoms in the early stage of pcp were fever in 9 and dry cough in 4 patients. the chest x-ra ... | 1993 | 8255015 |
| histologically atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | infection with pneumocystis carinii typically results in a pneumonia which histologically is seen to consist of an eosinophilic foamy alveolar exudate associated with a mild plasma cell interstitial infiltrate. special stains show that cysts of p carinii lie within the alveolar exudate. atypical histological appearances may occasionally be seen, including a granulomatous pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage. in these patients the clinical presentation may be atypical and results of investigatio ... | 1993 | 8256247 |
| respiratory illness in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | although the pulmonary complications of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection have been well described, there is little information on respiratory manifestations of earlier disease. this report describes the respiratory disorders diagnosed over an 18-month period in a cohort of persons with or at risk for hiv infection with variable immunologic status. cohort members were followed routinely and evaluated for respiratory disease by standard diagnostic algorithms. the 18-month inci ... | 1993 | 8256894 |
| serum type iii procollagen peptide in patients with pneumocystis carinii infection. the copenhagen-amsterdam pcp-prednisolone study group. | inflammation may play a central role in the pathogenesis of hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). serum levels of the amino-terminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp) reflect inflammatory activity in granulation tissue and in chronic rheumatic and liver disorders. to investigate changes in piiinp serum levels during an episode of hiv-related pcp, consecutive serum samples were taken from 48 hiv-infected patients with pcp in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effe ... | 1993 | 8256900 |
| upper and middle lobe bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most common lethal opportunistic pulmonary infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). although the use of prophylactic inhaled pentamidine has effectively reduced the frequency of primary and recurrent episodes of pcp, the aerosolization of pentamidine may have altered the localization of active pcp, resulting in more upper lobe disease. the distribution of disease may have also affected the diagnostic accuracy of ... | 1993 | 8256901 |
| 8-aminoquinolines effective against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. | the activities of 25 8-aminoquinolines were compared in tests assessing the ability of the compounds to inhibit the growth of pneumocystis carinii in culture. six compounds were effective at or below 0.03 microm: cdri 80/53, nsc19894, nsc305805, nsc305812, wr182234, and primaquine. four others were effective at between 0.2 and 0.03 microm: nsc305835, wr225448, wr238605, and wr242511. fourteen drugs were also tested in a standard model of p. carinii pneumonia in rats at daily doses of 2 mg/kg of ... | 1993 | 8257140 |
| evidence for human immunodeficiency virus infection of the lung. | pulmonary disease is a frequent manifestation in the terminal stages of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and is caused mainly by a number of opportunistic microorganisms, most commonly pneumocystis carinii. despite the extensive involvement of the lung in the pathogenesis of aids, until recently little was known about the role of human immunodeficiency (hiv). in this review we will discuss the cellular tropism and phenotypic characterisation of hiv strains isolated from the lung. the ... | 1993 | 8257979 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: study of eight cases. | to evaluate the risk factors and the natural history of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv). | 1993 | 8258000 |
| [adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in aids patients]. | the aim of the present was to evaluate the incidence of side effects to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in 32 patients with aids and pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii. | 1993 | 8260515 |
| molecular and cell biology of opportunistic infections in aids. pneumocystis carinii. | | 1993 | 8261173 |
| shortcomings of chest radiography in detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the radiographic presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was studied in 93 consecutive patients to determine the frequency of normal findings on chest roentgenograms and possible correlations with clinical or laboratory findings. the roentgenograms were reviewed by two radiologists in an independent, blinded way and judged with a score distinguishing between none, interstitial, and acinar infiltrates. discordance mainly between absent versus interstitial and interstitial versus acin ... | 1994 | 8263751 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | | 1994 | 8264058 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | | 1994 | 8264059 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | | 1994 | 8264060 |
| dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction to detect sub-clinical pneumocystis carinii colonization in hiv-positive and hiv-negative male homosexuals with and without respiratory symptoms. | pneumocystis carinii colonization was studied in 90 men using the polymerase chain reaction. these comprised ten heterosexual controls; ten hiv-seronegative homosexual controls; 20 hiv-seropositive homosexuals with blood cd4 count > 400 x 10(6) l-1; 20 hiv-seropositive homosexuals with cd4 < 400 x 10(6) l-1; ten hiv-seropositive homosexuals with cd4 < 60 x 10(6) l-1 receiving pcp chemoprophylaxis; and 20 hiv-seropositive homosexuals with respiratory symptoms but without pcp. induced sputum was o ... | 1993 | 8265840 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-negative, 8-month-old infant. | | 1993 | 8267243 |
| pharmacokinetics of trimetrexate glucuronate in infants with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1993 | 8267286 |
| pneumocystis carinii: recent advances in basic biology and their clinical application. | | 1993 | 8267902 |
| frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients undergoing sputum induction for diagnosis of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine the frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) in patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1993 | 8267908 |
| [a case of cytomegalovirus pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with lung cancer--diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction]. | a 64-year-old male was admitted to oita medical university hospital because of primary lung cancer. after the anticancer chemotherapy, the patient developed a high fever. his chest x-ray showed diffuse reticular shadows bilaterally, which were considered to be a drug induced pneumonia, then pulse therapy with corticosteroid was performed. with this treatment, the diffuse reticular shadows disappeared. one month later, however, a severe interstitial pneumonia developed, and the patient died of re ... | 1993 | 8270803 |
| successful pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis using aerosolized pentamidine in children with acute leukemia. | we report our experience replacing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) with aerosolized pentamidine (ap) in 22 children with acute leukemia who could not tolerate tmp/smx. | 1994 | 8270969 |
| the changing epidemiology of infections at cancer hospitals. | intensive chemotherapy regimens, widespread prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antibiotics, reliance on intravascular catheters, increased use of immunomodulators, and increased outpatient management have altered the epidemiology of infections in patients with neoplastic disease. at many centers, bacteremias due to gram-positive organisms have replaced bacteremias due to gram-negative organisms as the most frequent infections in patients with cancer. isolation of gram-negative bacill ... | 1993 | 8274595 |
| prevention of infections in patients with t cell defects. | although no specific infection is limited entirely to hosts with t-lymphocyte defects, certain microbial organisms have an affinity for such individuals. effective, safe, and feasible methods are available for the prevention of two of the major life-threatening infections in patients with t-lymphocyte defects, although none of these methods is ideal. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administered orally daily or thrice weekly is highly effective for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ... | 1993 | 8274602 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without aids. | in the 1980s, tens of thousands of cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in persons with aids, making it the most common opportunistic infection encountered in this patient population. thus, the presentation and clinical course of pcp became well-known to many physicians. overshadowed by this epidemic was the continued occurrence of pcp in persons not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, most notably those receiving immunosuppressive therapy for neoplastic disease or ... | 1993 | 8274607 |
| talc pleurodesis during videothoracoscopy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia-related pneumothorax. a new technique. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients represents a growing problem for chest physicians. for thoracic surgeons, spontaneous pneumothorax and recurrent or persistent pneumothoraces can complicate this disease, requiring surgical intervention. minimally invasive videothoracoscopy has now become a standard form of surgery for these patients, and we present a technique of talc insufflation that we believe is safe, simple, cost-effective, and reliable. | 1994 | 8275765 |
| lobar pentamidine levels and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following aerosolized pentamidine. | recent studies have suggested that failure of pentamidine prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) may be due to reduced deposition of pentamidine in the upper lobes. in this study, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage from the apical segment of the upper lobe and the middle lobe in 51 hiv-positive patients, all of whom were receiving prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine, who had presented with acute respiratory symptoms. lavage fluid from each lobe was assayed for pentamidine ... | 1994 | 8275783 |
| studies on analogues of classical antifolates bearing the naphthoyl group in place of benzoyl in the side chain. | analogues of classical antifolates with the 4-aminobenzoyl group replaced by 4-amino-1-naphthoyl were synthesized for study after molecular modeling indicated ample spatial accommodation for the naphthalene ring and even larger groups in models based on reported x-ray crystallographic data describing the binding of methotrexate to human dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). the side-chain precursors, n-(4-amino- and 4-(methylamino)-1-naphthoyl)-l-glutamic acid diethyl esters, were synthesized, and the ... | 1993 | 8277497 |
| opportunistic infections in aids patients. current management and prevention. | the number of drugs available for treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections in patients who are seropositive for hiv infection is limited, although some agents currently being studied show promise. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the most common opportunistic infection, can be effectively managed, although prophylaxis must be continued indefinitely. because an increased incidence of tuberculosis is associated with hiv infection, the emergence of strains that are resistant to multiple ... | 1994 | 8278302 |
| update on laboratory tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in hiv-1-infected individuals. | various diagnostic tests, both specific and nonspecific, are available in the clinical laboratories for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) infection and associated respiratory pathogens. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains the most common pulmonary disease in hiv-1-infected individuals and there have been no significant advances in the laboratory diagnosis of the pathogen beyond the traditional microscopic examination of specimens. in contrast, the greatest revolution in labora ... | 1993 | 8278683 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pneumocystis carinii infection remains extremely common in the immunocompromised patient population, particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, despite the availability of effective prophylaxis. although most commonly presenting as an acute pneumonia, the organism can infect a multitude of different organs, and thus may pose difficulty in diagnosis. because effective treatment regimens such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and parenteral pentamidine are ... | 1993 | 8278684 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and methotrexate therapy. | | 1993 | 8280237 |
| changing incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as initial aids defining disease in the united kingdom. | to determine whether the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) as the initial aids-defining disease in adult aids cases in the united kingdom is changing over time and to examine factors likely to affect it. | 1993 | 8280421 |
| [life threatening pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 4-month-old boy with hyper-igm syndrome]. | at the age of four months, a boy with a normal history and family history, suddenly fell ill with a life-threatening pneumocystis carinii-pneumonia. surprisingly, this opportunistic infection was not brought about by a t-cell deficiency. however, the patient's diagnosis turned out to be the rare "hyper-igm-syndrome", confirmed by: serum levels of igm always at least normal whereas igg, iga and ige were markedly decreased or absent; the development of neutropenia and occasional diarrhea. generall ... | 1993 | 8283991 |
| pneumatoceles and pneumothorax after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is common in patients with aids. the usual chest x-ray pattern is a diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrate. nevertheless, unusual roentgenographic forms can appear. a patient with pcp that resulted in pneumatoceles and a further pneumothorax is described. | 1993 | 8284529 |
| hiv-related morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa: opportunities for prevention. | a landmark paper on autopsies of representative samples of hiv-1 and/or hiv-2-infected patients in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, found disseminated tuberculosis (tb) as the chief cause of morbidity (wasting syndrome) and mortality. another important finding was the high prevalence of cerebral toxoplasmosis in contrast to somewhat lower figures for east african aids patients. the authors argue that few hiv-infected patients in africa survive long enough to develop the state of immunodeficiency that a ... | 1993 | 8286080 |
| the effect of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis regimens on the incidence of bacterial infections in hiv-infected patients. | | 1993 | 8286088 |
| the hastily obtained durable power of attorney: process for the sake of process? | in this case study, a young man presented to an emergency room complaining of shortness of breath and general malaise. after examination, he was admitted to the intensive care unit and therapy was begun for presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. his condition deteriorated and as preparations were made for intubation and mechanical ventilation, the issues of resuscitation and a durable power of attorney for healthcare were discussed with the patient for the first time. although the issue of res ... | 1993 | 8287177 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in multitransfused children with thalassemia. | two hundred and three multi-transfused children with thalassemia attending the thalassemia clinic of the charak palika hospital, new delhi were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies by elisa and all positive cases were confirmed by western blot. of the 203 children screened, 18 (8.9%) were hiv positive, and in these children a detailed immunological work up was done and compared to 18 age-matched hiv negative thalassemics as controls. the tests included absolute lymphocyte c ... | 1993 | 8288325 |
| when to initiate anti pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment? | | 1994 | 8289493 |
| cytomegalovirus-infected cells in a pleural effusion from an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. a case report. | cells with typical cytomegalovirus (cmv) inclusion bodies were found in smears of a pleural effusion from a 51-year-old acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. he suffered from severe, generalized cmv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicated by recurrent pneumothorax. cmv infection was proven by a positive immunohistochemical reaction. cytologic demonstration of cmv-infected cells in a pleural effusion has not been reported before to the best of our knowledge. | 1994 | 8291358 |
| occurrence of specific sterols in pneumocystis carinii. | we have examined the sterol composition and biosynthesis of rat pneumocystis carinii. we found a number of lipid components among the nonsaponifiable fraction that appear unique to p. carinii. these lipids are present in p. carinii purified preparations and p. carinii-infected whole lungs but absent from control lungs. they show chromatographic properties typical of sterols on gc and hplc; they are present in free and esterified sterol fractions isolated by thin layer chromatography, they are pr ... | 1994 | 8292026 |
| molecular genetic distinction of pneumocystis carinii from rats and humans. | pneumocystis carinii from rats and from humans were compared with respect to electrophoretic karyotype, presence of dna sequences known to be repeated in rat-derived p. carinii, overall dna sequence homology, and the sequences at two genetic loci. the organisms from each host species were different in each respect. neither of two repeated dnas from rat-derived p. carinii was found in the genome of human-derived organisms, and total dna from rat-derived p. carinii failed to hybridize to human-der ... | 1993 | 8292993 |
| characterization of pneumocystis carinii preparations developed for lipid analysis. | pneumocystis carinii organisms were isolated from viral antibody-negative rats that had been infected by intratracheal intubation of organism preparations tested negative for common bacteria and fungi. infection scores of lungs from infected animals at the time of parasite isolation was > 5 (100-1,000 organisms/oil immersion field). electron microscopy of heavily infected lungs revealed that the pathogens adhered to type i pneumocytes and to each other, resulting in obstructions up to several ce ... | 1993 | 8292999 |
| severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome induced by simian immunodeficiency virus: its characterization by the polymerase-chain-reaction method and failure of experimental transmission to immunodeficient animals. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection was observed in three of five rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251). they showed severe symptoms similar to those associated with human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). histopathology revealed severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in one of three pc-positive monkeys, and anti-pc antibodies were detected in sera from two of the three monkeys. localization of pc organisms in various organs of the monkeys was examined by the p ... | 1993 | 8295897 |
| [bullous pneumopathy and spontaneous pneumothorax. atypical radiologic patterns of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is certainly the most frequent opportunistic pulmonary infection in aids patients. besides the conventional radiographic features demonstrating bilateral infiltrates and airspace consolidation, atypical radiologic patterns are reported in the literature, which are characterized by spontaneous pneumothorax and by the presence of bullae, cysts and areas of pulmonary cavitation. forty consecutive pcp patients were investigated, ten of them presenting with atypic ... | 1993 | 8296003 |
| fluorescence microscopy for pneumocystis carinii. | | 1993 | 8296058 |
| leishmania braziliensis causing visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, identified with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction. | this study describes a male patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, grade iv-c (oropharyngeal moniliasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), associated with visceral involvement produced by leishmania braziliensis which was identified by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization after the polymerase chain reaction had been performed. the patient was treated with molgramostim in association with meglumine antimonate to enhance macrophage destruction of parasites. | 1993 | 8296358 |
| pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy and aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis in a patient with aids. | | 1993 | 8299056 |
| increased risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | combining cyclophosphamide (cy) and corticosteroids has dramatically improved the prognosis of wegener's granulomatosis (wg). but this treatment carries the risks of severe infectious complications and drug toxicity. during a 10-month period, we observed 6 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 23 patients with biopsy-proven wg and renal involvement. these 23 patients were enrolled in a multicenter controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of either intermi ... | 1993 | 8299252 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human macrophages modulates the cytokine response to pneumocystis carinii. | the present studies examined production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), and il-6 by human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to pneumocystis carinii in vitro and the impact of concurrent macrophage infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) on these cytokine responses. macrophages were infected with the hiv-1 bal monocytotropic strain for 10 to 14 days and then exposed to p. carinii. at various times following p. carinii ... | 1994 | 8300221 |
| nude rats as a model of natural pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: sequential morphological study of lung lesions. | a spontaneous infection with pneumocystis carinii (p.c.) caused enzootic fatal pneumonia in a long-term experiment with athymic rowett nude (han:rnu rnu/rnu) and new zealand nude (han:nznu rnun/rnun) rats. in order to reproduce the infection and to characterize the early pathogenesis of lung lesions, 13 young athymic han:rnu and han:nznu rats from p.c.-free breeding colonies were housed together in one room with chronically p.c.-infected rats. they were killed after 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 weeks, an ... | 1993 | 8300911 |
| evidence for pneumocystis carinii binding to a cell-free substrate: role of the adhesive protein fibronectin. | attachment of pneumocystis carinii organisms to the alveolar epithelium is probably a prerequisite for the initiation of p. carinii infection. previous studies have demonstrated a role for the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin in mediating attachment of p. carinii organisms to cultured alveolar cells; however, these studies could not clearly distinguish the role of fibronectin binding to p. carinii organisms and fibronectin binding to the alveolar cells. the current study demonstrates the ... | 1994 | 8301204 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic infection in adults and children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). without prophylaxis, half of all these children will develop pcp at sometime during their illness. the disease is associated with high mortality and a poor prognosis for long-term survival in this patient population. in infants and young children, pcp may be a primary infection, compared with reactivation of a latent infection that is usuall ... | 1993 | 8302691 |
| clostridium difficile colitis associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1994 | 8304370 |
| atovaquone: a review. | to review the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of atovaquone. | 1993 | 8305784 |
| incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during intravenous pentamidine therapy in hiv-infected patients. | there have been 15 published cases of probable pentamidine-induced torsade de pointes (tdp). a prospective analysis of this complication of therapy is valuable considering the high frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the aids population, and the role of pentamidine in its therapy. | 1994 | 8306734 |
| rapid clinical diagnosis of pulmonary abnormalities in hiv-seropositive patients by auscultatory percussion. | a prospective, blinded study of pulmonary findings in hospitalized patients with hiv infection compared auscultatory percussion (ausp) with conventional percussion (conp) and conventional auscultation (cona) using chest radiographs as the gold standard. sixty-three patients had chest radiographs and were examined by one to three examiners. seventy of the 126 lungs had radiographic abnormalities (55.6 percent). auscultatory percussion proved to be the most sensitive of all techniques for each exa ... | 1994 | 8306736 |
| utility of inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been shown to be high posttransplantation in the absence of prophylaxis. for this reason, lung transplant recipients routinely receive prophylaxis. we report on our results using aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis in nine patients post-lung transplantation (eight single lung transplants, one double). the patients received monthly treatments of 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine for a mean of 10.6 months (range, 4 to 21 months). patients w ... | 1994 | 8306738 |
| [double infection of the lung with pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans in an aids patient]. | a 25-year old hiv-1-positive hemophiliac was admitted with fever, cough, exertional dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. chest x-ray showed diffuse bilateral infiltrates with a left sided nodular consolidation. pneumocystis-carinii-pneumonia was suspected and diagnosed by broncho-alveolar lavage. with therapy the diffuse infiltrates improved, but the nodule and the symptoms failed to resolve. a fine-needle aspiration of the nodule revealed concurrent cryptococcosis. treatment with fluconazole resul ... | 1993 | 8309925 |
| history and pathology of an enzootic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in athymic han:rnu and han:nznu rats. | a report is given on the history and pathology of an enzootic outbreak of spontaneous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) that occurred in a colony of male and female athymic han:rnu rnu/rnu and han:nznu rnun/rnun rats maintained in a longevity study from weaning up to their natural death. the rats were obtained from specified pathogen free (spf) breeding colonies and were kept in a barrier type animal quarter with standardized housing conditions. groups of heterozygous, euthymic littermates in ... | 1993 | 8312383 |
| proliferation of rat pneumocystis carinii on cells sheeted on microcarrier beads in spinner flasks. | a method of growing rat pneumocystis carinii with human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hel-299 cells) sheeted onto microcarrier beads has been developed. this method allows production of large quantities of p. carinii organisms with very little contamination of host cells. a fivefold increase in the numbers of organisms was achieved, as determined by organism count, antigen detection, and dna quantification. the majority of organisms produced by this method are trophozoites. | 1993 | 8315014 |
| pathological changes in epidemic porcine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | an outbreak of epidemic porcine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on a "farrow-to-finish" pig farm was examined. the clinical disease was observed in weanling piglets, mostly in the seventh to eleventh weeks of life. lesions of p. carinii pneumonia were detected histologically in the pigs at 36 to 75 days of age. these included pulmonary septal thickening, with mononuclear cell infiltration, swelling of the alveolar lining, an intra-alveolar exudate and the presence of p. carinii organisms. focal p ... | 1993 | 8315054 |
| pneumocystis carinii and the ustomycetous red yeast fungi. | | 1993 | 8316090 |
| diarrhea in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1993 | 8317427 |
| pneumocystis carinii pleural effusion. pathogenesis and pleural fluid analysis. | we present three new cases of pneumocystis carinii in pleural effusions of patients with aids, bringing the total number of reported cases to six. in our patients, diagnosis was made by visualization of pneumocystis in pleural fluid stained with gomori methenamine silver. ldh was greater than 400, and pleural fluid to serum ldh ratio was greater than 1.0 in all cases at time of presentation. all six reported patients have been associated with aerosolized pentamidine, and five of the six had docu ... | 1993 | 8317805 |
| use of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for aids by homosexual and bisexual men in three us cities. | to determine the use of aids drugs and therapies by populations with relatively good access to health care. | 1993 | 8318177 |
| the effect of cigarette smoking on the development of aids in hiv-1-seropositive individuals. | to determine whether hiv-1-seropositive cigarette smokers progress more rapidly to aids than hiv-1-seropositive non-smokers. | 1993 | 8318178 |
| toxicity of clindamycin and primaquine treatment of aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1993 | 8318188 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among us children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | to describe epidemiologic characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to guide prevention efforts. | 1993 | 8320786 |
| spontaneous and experimental infections in scid and scid/beige mice. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice are valuable animals to study a variety of physiologic and disease processes. their capacity to support multiple tissue xenografts permits these mice to be used as intermediate models for host-specific, fastidious organisms for which a small animal model has not been available previously. however, because they are unable to mount a normal immune response, they are very susceptible to a variety of primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens. fatal, na ... | 1993 | 8320959 |
| specific amplification of aspergillus fumigatus dna by polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed a specific and sensitive method to detect the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with an objective of detecting the organism in peripheral blood and urine which can be obtained by non-invasive procedures. a pair of oligonucleotide primers for pcr were designed based on the published partial protein sequences of an 18 kd ige-binding protein of a. fumigatus asp f1 and the ribotoxins mitogillin and restrictocin of a. restrictus, and alpha-sarci ... | 1993 | 8321251 |
| infectious multifocal choroiditis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | the purposes of this study are to determine the incidence of infectious opportunistic choroiditis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), to study the association of these choroidal infections with systemic dissemination, and to investigate the life expectancy and cause of death in patients with infectious opportunistic choroiditis. | 1993 | 8321524 |
| reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor (tlco) in human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-i) infection as a predictor for faster progression to aids. | in addition to the acute fall in carbon monoxide transfer factor (tlco) associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) or other opportunistic lung infections, reduced tlco occurs in hiv-i seropositive individuals without active pulmonary disease. abnormal tlco, in the absence of lung disease, may be a surrogate marker of hiv-i induced immunosuppression and, therefore, a predictor for a more rapid progression to aids. | 1993 | 8322232 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv antibody positive patients by simple outpatient assessments. | | 1993 | 8322258 |
| [haemophilus influenzae pneumonia simulating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-infected patient]. | | 1993 | 8324033 |
| isolation and identification of six pneumocystis carinii genes utilizing codon bias. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a leading cause of death among aids patients in the united states. our analysis of p. carinii protein-coding genes has revealed a significant a + t codon bias. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was utilized to isolate and identify the genes encoding calmodulin, beta-tubulin, dna polymerase ii, and rna polymerases i, ii and iii from p. carinii. primer pairs were designed to incorporate p. carinii codon preference to known conserved protein regions from other ... | 1993 | 8325503 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induces reversible hyperkalemia. | to determine the effect of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) on serum potassium concentration. | 1993 | 8328737 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pregnancy. a case report. | the association of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and pregnancy has become more common. this virus has become a factor in the social affairs of even small, rural communities. we present a case in which the diagnosis of hiv was made during admission for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the patient's condition worsened rapidly, necessitating delivery at 31 weeks' gestation by cesarean section followed by the patient's death from pcp. the infant survived and was healthy at 1 year ... | 1993 | 8331631 |
| [retinal diseases in aids]. | retinal diseases are the most frequent and most important ocular manifestations in aids. electrophysiological changes can already be found in early stages of aids without funduscopic lesions and are a sign of damage to the retinal receptors and ganglion cells. hiv retinopathy (cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms) seldom occurs in the early stages with normal t-helper cell counts, but is present in about 40% of patients with aids-related complex and even in 70% of patients with ... | 1993 | 8334326 |
| dna amplification in experimental pneumocystosis: characterization of serum pneumocystis carinii dna and potential p. carinii carrier states. | dna amplification has identified p. carinii dna in diverse biologic specimens, including the serum of patients with p. carinii pneumonia. to further examine the relationship between p. carinii dna in serum and p. carinii infection, the corticosteroid-treated rat model of pneumocystosis was studied. by 4 weeks of immunosuppression, p. carinii dna was detected in rat lungs and by 6 weeks, in their serum. p. carinii dna persisted in lung tissue as long as 5 months after the withdrawal of steroids. ... | 1993 | 8335980 |
| pulmonary lymphocyte recruitment: depletion of cd8+ t cells does not impair the pulmonary immune response to intratracheal antigen. | cd8+ t cells predominate in the lungs in hypersensitivity and human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphocytic pneumonitis, but their role in the immunopathogenesis of lung disease is unknown. we have shown that in immunized mice depleted of cd4+ t cells, cd8+ t cells are recruited into the lungs in response to intratracheal antigen challenge with sheep red blood cells (srbc) (j. clin. invest. 1991; 88:1244-1254) or to pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii (am. j. respir. cell mol. biol. ... | 1993 | 8338679 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without predisposing illnesses. acute episode and follow-up of five cases. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is described almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts. this report describes our experience with acute episodes and the follow-up of five patients with pcp who had no known predisposing conditions. the average follow-up period was 3.6 years (range, 2.6 to 4 years). lymphocyte subpopulations (cd4, cd8, and cd4:cd8), serum immunoglobulins (igg, igm, and iga), and serologic studies for human immunodeficiency virus were carried out on all patients at least t ... | 1993 | 8339621 |
| diagnostic utility of lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels are elevated in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine (ap), pcp may be less severe and present with more localized radiographic infiltrates. we evaluated the diagnostic utility of the serum ldh level in 11 patients developing pcp while receiving ap. serum ldh levels were increased 72.7 +/- 19.0 percent over mean baseline levels and 76.4 +/- 26 percent over the upper limit of normal value for our ... | 1993 | 8339623 |
| serial pulmonary function tests in the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | the predictive value of serial versus isolated measurements of transfer factor for carbon monoxide (tlco) in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a cohort of 474 hiv-1 seropositive patients, with all stages of hiv disease, was evaluated. two groups of patients were studied, one group with serial lung function measurements (group 1) and another with only a single set of measurements (group 2). during the study period 118 patients performing serial tests developed a respiratory ... | 1993 | 8339801 |