| oscerk1 plays a crucial role in the lipopolysaccharide-induced immune response of rice. | plant cell surface receptor-like kinases (rlks) mediate the signals from microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) that induce immune responses. lipopolysaccharide (lps), the major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is a common mamp perceived by animals and plants; however, the plant receptors/co-receptors are unknown except for lore, a bulb-type lectin s-domain rlk (b-lectin sd1-rlk) in arabidopsis. oscerk1 is a multifunctional rlk in rice that contains lysin motif ... | 2018 | 29194635 |
| formation of protein disulfide bonds catalyzed by ospdil1;1 is mediated by microrna5144-3p in rice. | correct folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is important for their stability and function under stress. protein disulfide isomerase (pdis) ospdil1;1 is a key protein-folding catalyst in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, microrna5144 (osa-mir5144-3p) is reported to mediate the formation of protein disulfide bonds via targeting ospdil1;1 mrna in rice seeds and seedlings during development and under conditions of abiotic stress, respectively. expression analysis of transgenic rice and iden ... | 2017 | 29194535 |
| genome-wide association study of rice grain width variation. | seed size is variable within many plant species, and understanding the underlying genetic factors can provide insights into mechanisms of local environmental adaptation. here we make use of the abundant genomic and germplasm resources available for rice (oryza sativa) to perform a large-scale genome-wide association study (gwas) of grain width. grain width varies widely within the crop and is also known to show climate-associated variation across populations of its wild progenitor. using a filte ... | 2017 | 29193996 |
| whole genome sequencing of oryza sativa l. cv. seeragasamba identifies a new fragrance allele in rice. | fragrance of rice is an important trait that confers a large economic benefit to the farmers who cultivate aromatic rice varieties. several aromatic rice varieties have limited geographic distribution, and are endowed with variety-specific unique fragrances. badh2 was identified as a fragrance gene in 2005, and it is essential to identify the fragrance alleles from diverse geographical locations and genetic backgrounds. seeragasamba is a short-grain aromatic rice variety of the indica type, whic ... | 2017 | 29190814 |
| indel marker based genetic differentiation and genetic diversity in traditional rice (oryza sativa l.) landraces of chhattisgarh, india. | rice has been cultivating and utilizing by humans for thousands of years under diverse environmental conditions. therefore, tremendous genetic differentiation and diversity has occurred at various agro-ecosystems. the significant indica-japonica differentiation in rice provides great opportunities for its genetic improvement. in the present investigation, a total of 42 polymorphic indel markers were used for differentiating 188 rice landraces and two local varieties of chhattisgarh, india into i ... | 2017 | 29190790 |
| alr encoding dcmp deaminase is critical for dna damage repair, cell cycle progression and plant development in rice. | deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase (dcmp deaminase, dcd) is crucial to the production of dttp needed for dna replication and damage repair. however, the effect of dcd deficiency and its molecular mechanism are poorly understood in plants. here, we isolated and characterized a rice albinic leaf and growth retardation (alr) mutant that is manifested by albinic leaves, dwarf stature and necrotic lesions. map-based cloning and complementation revealed that alr encodes a dcd protein. osdcd was exp ... | 2017 | 29186482 |
| resistance in 27 rice cultivars to sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | rice (oryza sativa l.) is considered one of the most important crops in the world, and the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae), is among the key pests damaging the crop in the americas. the objective of this work was to identify rice genotypes as a source of resistance to d. saccharalis. rice plants were infested in the greenhouse and subsequently evaluated for damage, larval weight and survival, and stem size. the cultivars 'bonança', 'caripuna', 'ir 42', 'c ... | 2017 | 29182781 |
| osmir396d affects gibberellin and brassinosteroid signaling to regulate plant architecture in rice. | genetic improvement of plant architecture is one of the strategies for increasing the yield potential of rice (oryza sativa). although great progress has been made in the understanding of plant architecture regulation, the precise mechanism is still an urgent need to be revealed. here, we report that over-expression of osmir396d in rice results in semidwarf and increased leaf angle, a typical phenotype of brassinosteroid (br) enhanced mutant. osmir396d is involved in the interaction network of b ... | 2018 | 29180380 |
| a modified gc-specific maker gene annotation method reveals improved and novel gene predictions of high and low gc content in oryza sativa. | accurate structural annotation depends on well-trained gene prediction programs. training data for gene prediction programs are often chosen randomly from a subset of high-quality genes that ideally represent the variation found within a genome. one aspect of gene variation is gc content, which differs across species and is bimodal in grass genomes. when gene prediction programs are trained on a subset of grass genes with random gc content, they are effectively being trained on two classes of ge ... | 2017 | 29178822 |
| open glume1: a key enzyme reducing the precursor of ja, participates in carbohydrate transport of lodicules during anthesis in rice. | og1 is involved in ja-regulated anthesis by modulating carbohydrate transport of lodicules in rice. flowering plants have evolved a sophisticated regulatory network to coordinate anthesis and maximize reproductive success. in addition to various environmental conditions, the plant hormone jasmonic acid and its derivatives (jas) are involved in anthesis. however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. here, we report a ja-defective mutant in rice (oryza sativa), namely open glume 1, ... | 2018 | 29177846 |
| plant-type phytoene desaturase: functional evaluation of structural implications. | phytoene desaturase (pds) is an essential plant carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme and a prominent target of certain inhibitors, such as norflurazon, acting as bleaching herbicides. pds catalyzes the introduction of two double bonds into 15-cis-phytoene, yielding 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-carotene via the intermediate 9,15-di-cis-phytofluene. we present the necessary data to scrutinize functional implications inferred from the recently resolved crystal structure of oryza sativa pds in a complex with norflur ... | 2017 | 29176862 |
| characterization of an acetohydroxy acid synthase mutant conferring tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides in rice (oryza sativa). | the acetohydroxy acid synthase s627n mutation confers herbicide tolerance in rice, and the rice variety containing this mutation produces good yields. this variety is commercially viable at shanghai and jiangsu regions in china. weedy rice is a type of rice that produces lower yields and poorer quality grains than cultivated rice. it plagues commercial rice fields in many countries. one strategy to control its proliferation is to develop rice varieties that are tolerant to specific herbicides. a ... | 2017 | 29170911 |
| dwarf14, a receptor covalently linked with the active form of strigolactones, undergoes strigolactone-dependent degradation in rice. | strigolactones (sls) are the latest confirmed phytohormones that regulate shoot branching by inhibiting bud outgrowth in higher plants. perception of sls depends on a novel mechanism employing an enzyme-receptor dwarf14 (d14) that hydrolyzes sls and becomes covalently modified. this stimulates the interaction between d14 and d3, leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of the transcriptional repressor protein d53. however, the regulation of sl perception in rice remains elusive. in this stu ... | 2017 | 29170677 |
| can liming reduce cadmium (cd) accumulation in rice (oryza sativa) in slightly acidic soils? a contradictory dynamic equilibrium between cd uptake capacity of roots and cd immobilisation in soils. | cadmium (cd) accumulation in rice is strongly controlled by liming, but information on the use of liming to control cd accumulation in rice grown in slightly acidic soils is inconsistent. here, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of liming on cd accumulation in two rice varieties focusing on two aspects: available/exchangeable cd content in soils that were highly responsive to liming, and cd uptake and transport capacity in the roots of rice in terms of cd accumulation ... | 2018 | 29169130 |
| effect of copper on the translocation and transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls in rice. | contamination of organic pollutants in the environment is usually accompanied by heavy metals. however, a little information on the influences of heavy metals on the uptake, translocation and transformation of organic pollutants in plants is available. in this study, ten-day hydroponic exposure was conducted to explore the influence of copper (cu) on the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in intact young rice (oryza sativa l.). low dose of cu (≤100 μmol/l) ... | 2018 | 29169126 |
| funcoup 4: new species, data, and visualization. | this release of the funcoup database (http://funcoup.sbc.su.se) is the fourth generation of one of the most comprehensive databases for genome-wide functional association networks. these functional associations are inferred via integrating various data types using a naive bayesian algorithm and orthology based information transfer across different species. this approach provides high coverage of the included genomes as well as high quality of inferred interactions. in this update of funcoup we i ... | 2018 | 29165593 |
| drying-submergence alternation enhanced crystalline ratio and varied surface properties of iron plaque on rice (oryza sativa) roots. | iron plaque (ip) is valuable in nutrient management and contaminant tolerance for rice (oryza sativa) because it can adsorb various nutrients and toxic ions. crystalline ratio (cr) can be defined as the proportion of crystalline iron (ci) to total ip to describe ip crystallinity. although the knowledge on ip has abounded, the information on the relationship among its formation condition, surface properties, and cr remains insufficient. in this study, quartz sand-soil cultivation with rice was co ... | 2017 | 29164457 |
| analysis of bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropan-1, 3-diol) residues in rice (oryza sativa l.) by spe using bond elut plexa and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | a novel method has been developed for the direct, sensitive, and rapid detection of bronopol in rice using a simple solid-phase extraction (spe) procedure followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms), with electrospray ionization (esi). bronopol was stable under acidic conditions, and an acidic environment was thus needed before sample loading to ensure the stability of bronopol. rice extracts containing bronopol were pretreated using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (b ... | 2018 | 29164282 |
| oshak1, a high-affinity potassium transporter, positively regulates responses to drought stress in rice. | drought is one of the environmental factors that severely restrict plant distribution and crop production. recently, we reported that the high-affinity potassium transporter oshak1 plays important roles in k acquisition and translocation in rice over low and high k concentration ranges, however, knowledge on the regulatory roles of oshak1 in osmotic/drought stress is limited. here, transcript levels of oshak1 were found transiently elevated by water deficit in roots and shoots, consistent with t ... | 2017 | 29163608 |
| increasing leaf vein density via mutagenesis in rice results in an enhanced rate of photosynthesis, smaller cell sizes and can reduce interveinal mesophyll cell number. | improvements to leaf photosynthetic rates of crops can be achieved by targeted manipulation of individual component processes, such as the activity and properties of rubisco or photoprotection. this study shows that simple forward genetic screens of mutant populations can also be used to rapidly generate photosynthesis variants that are useful for breeding. increasing leaf vein density (concentration of vascular tissue per unit leaf area) has important implications for plant hydraulic properties ... | 2017 | 29163607 |
| osarm1, an r2r3 myb transcription factor, is involved in regulation of the response to arsenic stress in rice. | bioaccumulation of arsenic (as) in rice (oryza sativa) increases human exposure to this toxic, carcinogenic element. recent studies identified several as transporters, but the regulation of these transporters remains unclear. here, we show that the rice r2r3 myb transcription factor osarm1 (arsenite-responsive myb1) regulates as-associated transporters genes. treatment with as(iii) induced osarm1 transcript accumulation and an osarm1-gfp fusion localized to the nucleus. histochemical analysis of ... | 2017 | 29163593 |
| canopy chlorophyll density based index for estimating nitrogen status and predicting grain yield in rice. | canopy chlorophyll density (chl) has a pivotal role in diagnosing crop growth and nutrition status. the purpose of this study was to develop chl based models for estimating n status and predicting grain yield of rice (oryza sativa l.) with leaf area index (lai) and chlorophyll concentration of the upper leaves. six field experiments were conducted in jiangsu province of east china during 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, and 2014. different n rates were applied to generate contrasting conditions of n avai ... | 2017 | 29163568 |
| genetic dissection of the major quantitative trait locus (qse11), and its validation as the major influence on the rate of stigma exsertion in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the rate of stigma exsertion (se) is an important trait in rice breeding because the efficiency of hybrid rice seed production can be improved by increasing the percentage of stigmas that exsert. in this study, we developed a near isogenic line (nil) from two parents, xieqingzaob (xqzb) and zhonghoi9308 (zh9308), which have high and low se rates in that order. in our previous study, we employed 75 chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) and analyzed quantitative trait loci (qtls) for their ... | 2017 | 29163563 |
| partial loss-of-function of nal1 alters canopy photosynthesis by changing the contribution of upper and lower canopy leaves in rice. | little is known about the genetic basis of leaf and canopy photosynthesis. here we aimed to detect novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling photosynthesis by increasing leaf nitrogen content (lnc) per leaf area and analysed its effect on leaf and canopy photosynthesis. to identify qtl that increase photosynthetic rate in leaves, we screened chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) of oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar koshihikari and o. sativa ssp. indica cultivar nona bokra using l ... | 2017 | 29162918 |
| silencing of osgrxs17 in rice improves drought stress tolerance by modulating ros accumulation and stomatal closure. | glutaredoxins (grxs) modulate redox-dependent signaling pathways and have emerged as key mediators in plant responses to environmental stimuli. here we report that rnai-mediated suppression of oryza sativa grxs17 (osgrxs17) improved drought tolerance in rice. gene expression studies showed that osgrxs17 was present throughout the plant and that transcript abundance increased in response to drought stress and abscisic acid (aba) treatment. localization studies, utilizing gfp-osgrxs17 fusion prote ... | 2017 | 29162892 |
| rice tsv3 encoding obg-like gtpase protein is essential for chloroplast development during the early leaf stage under cold stress. | the spo0b-associated gtp-binding (obg) proteins are essential for the viability of nearly all bacteria. however, the detailed roles of obg proteins in higher plants have not yet been elucidated. in this study, we identified a novel rice (oryza sativa l.) thermo-sensitive virescent mutant (tsv3) that displayed an albino phenotype at 20° before the three-leaf stage while being a normal green at 32° or even at 20° after the four-leaf stage. the mutant phenotype was consistent with altered chlorophy ... | 2018 | 29162684 |
| suppression of microrna159 impacts multiple agronomic traits in rice (oryza sativa l.). | micrornas (mirnas) are important regulators in plant growth and development. mir159 is a conserved mirna among different plant species and has various functions in plants. studies on mir159 are mostly done on model plant, arabidopsis thaliana. in rice, studies on mir159 were either based upon genome-wide expression analyses focused upon responses to different nitrogen forms and abiotic stress or upon phenotypic studies of transgenic plants overexpressing its precursor. sttm (short tandem target ... | 2017 | 29162059 |
| sugar flux and signaling in plant-microbe interactions. | plant breeders have developed crop plants that are resistant to pests, but the continual evolution of pathogens creates the need to iteratively develop new control strategies. molecular tools have allowed us to gain deep insights into disease responses, allowing for more efficient, rational engineering of crops that are more robust or resistant to a greater number of pathogen variants. here we describe the roles of sweet and stp transporters, membrane proteins that mediate transport of sugars ac ... | 2017 | 29160592 |
| genome-wide in silico identification of membrane-bound transcription factors in plant species. | membrane-bound transcription factors (mtfs) are located in cellular membranes due to their transmembrane domains. in plants, proteolytic processing is considered to be the main mechanism for mtf activation, which ensures the liberation of mtfs from membranes and further their translocation into the nucleus to regulate gene expression; this process skips both the transcriptional and translational stages, and thus it guarantees the prompt responses of plants to various stimuli. currently, informat ... | 2017 | 29158982 |
| gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in rice plants, cv. brs ag, under saline stress. | the rice cultivar (oryza sativa l.) brs ag, developed by embrapa clima temperado, is the first cultivar designed for purposes other than human consumption. it may be used in ethanol production and animal feed. different abiotic stresses negatively affect plant growth. soil salinity is responsible for a serious reduction in productivity. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (sod, cat, apx and gr) and identify their func ... | 2017 | 29158635 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance at the booting stage using chromosomal segment substitution lines in rice. | high temperature stress is a major obstacle in rice productivity. considerable progress has been made on studying heat tolerance (ht) at different stages. however, the genetic basis of ht at the booting stage is poorly understood. in this study, we analyzed the morphological features of a heat-sensitive japonica cultivar sasanishiki under natural high temperature stress at the booting stage. the anthers became smaller and the number, and fertility, of pollen grains were decreased significantly. ... | 2017 | 29158631 |
| tracking the genome-wide outcomes of a transposable element burst over decades of amplification. | to understand the success strategies of transposable elements (tes) that attain high copy numbers, we analyzed two pairs of rice (oryza sativa) strains, eg4/heg4 and a119/a123, undergoing decades of rapid amplification (bursts) of the class 2 autonomous ping element and the nonautonomous miniature inverted repeat transposable element (mite) mping comparative analyses of whole-genome sequences of the two strain pairs validated that each pair has been maintained for decades as inbreds since diverg ... | 2017 | 29158416 |
| cellular localization of wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits in transgenic rice grain. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is a primary global food cereal. however, when compared to wheat, rice has poor food processing qualities. dough that is made from rice flour has low viscoelasticity because rice seed lacks storage proteins that are comparable to gluten protein from wheat. thus, current research efforts aim to improve rice flour processing qualities through the transgenic expression of viscoelastic proteins in rice seeds. in this study, we characterized the transgenic expression of wheat g ... | 2017 | 29156580 |
| effect of microcystins on root growth, oxidative response, and exudation of rice (oryza sativa). | a 30 days indoor hydroponic experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of microcystins (mcs) on rice root morphology and exudation, as well as bioaccumulation of mcs in rice. mcs were bioaccumulated in rice with the greatest concentrations being observed in the leaves (113.68μgg-1 fresh weight (fw)) when exposed to 500μgl-1 mcs. root activity at 500μgl-1 decreased 37%, compared to the control. mcs also induced disruption of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in rice roots. root ... | 2018 | 29156306 |
| the rice constans-like protein oscol15 suppresses flowering by promoting ghd7 and repressing rid1. | the photoperiodic flowering pathway is one of the most important regulatory networks controlling flowering time in rice (oryza sativa l.). rice is a facultative short-day (sd) plant; flowering is promoted under inductive sd conditions and delayed under non-inductive long-day (ld) conditions. in rice, flowering inhibitor genes play an important role in maintaining the trade-off between reproduction and yield. in this study, we identified a novel floral inhibitor, oscol15, which encodes a constans ... | 2018 | 29154991 |
| residual effects of biochar on growth, photosynthesis and cadmium uptake in rice (oryza sativa l.) under cd stress with different water conditions. | soil cadmium (cd) contamination and drought stress are among the main issues hindering global food security. biochar has been used to reduce metal uptake by plants and water stress mitigation, but long-term residual effects of biochar under cd stress at different moisture levels needs to be investigated. a following rice (oryza sativa l.) was grown after wheat on cd-contaminated soil amended with different levels of biochar (0, 3.0, and 5.0%, w/w). thirty five days old plants were irrigated with ... | 2018 | 29149723 |
| the osps1-f gene regulates growth and development in rice by modulating photosynthetic electron transport rate. | ds insertion in rice osps1-f gene results in semi-dwarf plants with reduced tiller number and grain yield, while genetic complementation with osps1-f rescued the mutant phenotype. photosynthetic electron transport is regulated in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by multi-protein complexes. studies about photosynthetic machinery and its subunits in crop plants are necessary, because they could be crucial for yield enhancement in the long term. here, we report the characterization of osps1-f (en ... | 2018 | 29149369 |
| growth-inhibition patterns and transfer-factor profiles in arsenic-stressed rice (oryza sativa l.). | arsenic (as) accumulation in rice owing to uptake from the soil is a critical human health issue. here, we studied the chemical properties of as-treated soils, growth inhibition patterns of as-stressed rice plants, changes in the as content of soil and soil solutions, and the relationship between as accumulation and as transfer factor from the soil to the rice organs. rice plants were cultivated in a greenhouse under four concentrations of as: 0 (control), 25, 50, and 75 mg kg-1. a significant p ... | 2017 | 29147882 |
| a single nucleotide mutation of ispf gene involved in the mep pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis causes yellow-green leaf phenotype in rice. | we identified ispf gene through yellow-green leaf mutant 505ys in rice. osispf was expressed in all tissues detected, and its encoded protein was targeted to the chloroplast. on expression levels of genes in this mutant, osispf itself and the genes encoding other enzymes of the mep pathway and chlorophyll synthase were all up-regulated, however, among eight genes associated with photosynthesis, only psaa, psan and psba genes for three reaction center subunits of photosystem obviously changed. is ... | 2018 | 29143298 |
| corrigendum (2): overexpression of rice glutaredoxin osgrx_c7 and osgrx_c2.1 reduces intracellular arsenic accumulation and increases tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana. | [this corrects the article on p. 740 in vol. 7, pmid: 27313586.]. | 2017 | 29142535 |
| nucleotide patterns aiding in prediction of eukaryotic promoters. | computational analysis of promoters is hindered by the complexity of their architecture. in less studied genomes with complex organization, false positive promoter predictions are common. accurate identification of transcription start sites and core promoter regions remains an unsolved problem. in this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of genomic features associated with promoters and show that probabilistic integrative algorithms-driven models allow accurate classification of dna seque ... | 2017 | 29141011 |
| determinants and expansion of specificity in a trichothecene udp-glucosyltransferase from oryza sativa. | family 1 udp-glycosyltransferases (ugts) in plants primarily form glucose conjugates of small molecules and, besides other functions, play a role in detoxification of xenobiotics. indeed, overexpression of a barley ugt in wheat has been shown to control fusarium head blight, which is a plant disease of global significance that leads to reduced crop yields and contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don), t-2 toxin, and many other structural variants. the ugt os79 from ... | 2017 | 29140092 |
| increasing canopy photosynthesis in rice can be achieved without a large increase in water use-a model based on free-air co2 enrichment. | achieving higher canopy photosynthesis rates is one of the keys to increasing future crop production; however, this typically requires additional water inputs because of increased water loss through the stomata. lowland rice canopies presently consume a large amount of water, and any further increase in water usage may significantly impact local water resources. this situation is further complicated by changing the environmental conditions such as rising atmospheric co2 concentration ([co2 ]). h ... | 2017 | 29136323 |
| transcriptional changes measured in rice roots after exposure to arsenite-contaminated sediments. | transcriptional analyses are discussed to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying toxic effects. thus, they can complement classic ecotoxicological test methods and potentially allow the identification of biomarkers associated to the exposure of chemical stressors and or adverse biological effects. this feasibility study intended to identify a set of potential gene expression biomarkers for arsenite-exposure in rice roots that could complement the informative value ... | 2018 | 29134529 |
| gradually decreasing starch branching enzyme expression is responsible for the formation of heterogeneous starch granules. | rice (oryza sativa) endosperm is mainly occupied by homogeneous polygonal starch from inside to outside. however, morphologically different (heterogeneous) starches have been identified in some rice mutants. how these heterogeneous starches form remains unknown. a high-amylose rice line (trs) generated through the antisense inhibition of starch branching synthase i (sbei) and sbeiib contains four heterogeneous starches: polygonal, aggregate, elongated, and hollow starch; these starches are regio ... | 2018 | 29133372 |
| a mucin-like protein of planthopper is required for feeding and induces immunity response in plants. | the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, is a pest that threatens rice (oryza sativa) production worldwide. while feeding on rice plants, planthoppers secrete saliva, which plays crucial roles in nutrient ingestion and modulating plant defense responses, although the specific functions of salivary proteins remain largely unknown. we identified an n. lugens-secreted mucin-like protein (nlmlp) by transcriptome and proteome analyses and characterized its function, both in brown planthopper and in ... | 2018 | 29133370 |
| genome-wide analysis and transcriptomic profiling of the auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling family genes in moso bamboo (phyllostachys heterocycla). | auxin is essential for plant growth and development. although substantial progress has been made in understanding auxin pathways in model plants such as arabidopsis and rice, little is known in moso bamboo which is famous for its fast growth resulting from the rapid cell elongation and division. | 2017 | 29132316 |
| osmtp11 is localised at the golgi and contributes to mn tolerance. | membrane transporters play a key role in obtaining sufficient quantities of manganese (mn) but also in protecting against mn toxicity. we have characterized osmtp11, a member of the cation diffusion facilitator/metal tolerance protein (cdf/mtp) family of metal cation transporters in oryza sativa. we demonstrate that osmtp11 functions in alleviating mn toxicity as its expression can rescue the mn-sensitive phenotype of the arabidopsis mtp11-3 knockout mutant. when expressed stably in arabidopsis ... | 2017 | 29127328 |
| shortroot-mediated increase in stomatal density has no impact on photosynthetic efficiency. | the coordinated positioning of veins, mesophyll cells, and stomata across a leaf is crucial for efficient gas exchange and transpiration and, therefore, for overall function. in monocot leaves, stomatal cell files are positioned at the flanks of underlying longitudinal leaf veins, rather than directly above or below. this pattern suggests either that stomatal formation is inhibited in epidermal cells directly in contact with the vein or that specification is induced in cell files beyond the vein ... | 2018 | 29127261 |
| evolutionary epigenomics of retrotransposon-mediated methylation spreading in rice. | plant genomes contain numerous transposable elements (tes), and many hypotheses on the evolutionary drivers that restrict te activity have been postulated. few models, however, have focused on the evolutionary epigenomic interaction between the plant host and its te. the host genome recruits epigenetic factors, such as methylation, to silence tes but methylation can spread beyond the te sequence and influence the expression of nearby host genes. in this study, we investigated this epigenetic tra ... | 2018 | 29126199 |
| the limited role of differential fractionation in genome content variation and function in maize (zea mays l.) inbred lines. | maize is a diverse paleotetraploid species with considerable presence/absence variation and copy number variation. one mechanism through which presence/absence variation can arise is differential fractionation. fractionation refers to the loss of duplicate gene pairs from one of the maize subgenomes during diploidization. differential fractionation refers to non-shared gene loss events between individuals following a whole-genome duplication event. we investigated the prevalence of presence/abse ... | 2018 | 29124819 |
| proteomic analysis of lysine acetylation provides strong evidence for involvement of acetylated proteins in plant meiosis and tapetum function. | protein lysine acetylation (kac) is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that has important biological roles in many organisms. although kac has been shown to affect reproductive development and meiosis in yeast and animals, similar studies are largely lacking in flowering plants, especially proteome-scale investigations for particular reproductive stages. here, we report results from a proteomic investigation to detect the kac status of the developing rice anthers near the t ... | 2018 | 29124795 |
| foliar application with nano-silicon reduced cadmium accumulation in grains by inhibiting cadmium translocation in rice plants. | nano-silicon (si) may be more effective than regular fertilizers in protecting plants from cadmium (cd) stress. a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nano-si on cd accumulation in grains and other organs of rice plants (oryza sativa l. cv. xiangzaoxian 45) grown in cd-contaminated farmland. foliar application with 5~25 mm nano-si at anthesis stage reduced cd concentrations in grains and rachises at maturity stage by 31.6~64.9 and 36.1~60.8%, respectively. meanwhile, nano-si ap ... | 2018 | 29124638 |
| rice seed germination underwater: morpho-physiological responses and the bases of differential expression of alcoholic fermentation enzymes. | the water-, energy-, and labor-intensive system of transplanted puddled rice (oryza sativa) is steadily being replaced by direct seeding due to the progressive scarcity of these resources. however, the alternate dry direct seeding leads to competition with weeds and poor establishment when soils are flooded. direct seeded rice capable of anaerobic germination (germination in flooded soil, ag) is ideal, which under rainfed ecosystems would also overcome waterlogging during germination. ag toleran ... | 2017 | 29123541 |
| environmentally benign nanometric neem-laced urea emulsion for controlling mosquito population in environment. | the increasing risk of vector-borne diseases and the environmental pollution in the day-to-day life due to the usage of the conventional pesticides makes the role of nanotechnology to come into the action. the current study deals with one of the applications of nanotechnology through the formulation of neem urea nanoemulsion (nune). nune was formulated using neem oil, tween 20, and urea using the microfluidization method. prior to the development of nanoemulsion, the ratio of oil/surfactant/urea ... | 2018 | 29116538 |
| breeding and study of two new photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines of polyploid rice (oryza sativa l.). | male sterile lines play an important role in the utilization of heterosis. to explore and exploit the heterosis of polyploid hybrid rice, two photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines of polyploid rice, ps006 and ps012, were bred via chromosome doubling, complex hybridization and self-breeding. the characteristics of these two lines, including the agronomic traits, growth, development, fertility transformation and combining ability, were investigated. both lines had good agronom ... | 2017 | 29116179 |
| ethylene mediates alkaline-induced rice growth inhibition by negatively regulating plasma membrane h+-atpase activity in roots. | ph is an important factor regulating plant growth. here, we found that rice was better adapted to low ph than alkaline conditions, as its growth was severely inhibited at high ph, with shorter root length and an extreme biomass reduction. under alkaline stress, the expression of genes for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in rice roots was strongly induced by high ph and exogenous ethylene precursor acc and ethylene overproduction in etol1-1 mutant aggravated the alkaline stress-mediated inhibition ... | 2017 | 29114258 |
| visualization of multicolored in vivo organelle markers for co-localization studies in oryza sativa. | eukaryotic cells consist of a complex network of thousands of proteins present in different organelles where organelle-specific cellular processes occur. identification of the subcellular localization of a protein is important for understanding its potential biochemical functions. in the post-genomic era, localization of unknown proteins is achieved using multiple tools including a fluorescent-tagged protein approach. several fluorescent-tagged protein organelle markers have been introduced into ... | 2017 | 29113428 |
| a novel fungal arsenic methyltransferase, waarsm reduces grain arsenic accumulation in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice (oryza sativa l.) grown on arsenic-containing soil and water become a primary dietary source of arsenic and pose a significant health risk. gene modification is an important and practical approach to reduce arsenic accumulation in rice grains. here, we reported a waarsm gene of soil fungus westerdykella aurantiaca, expressed in rice able to convert toxic inorganic arsenicals to methylated arsenic species, therefore, reduce arsenic accumulation in rice grains. in response to arsenic treatmen ... | 2018 | 29112921 |
| the zygotic transition is initiated in unicellular plant zygotes with asymmetric activation of parental genomes. | the zygotic transition, from a fertilized egg to an embryo, is central to animal and plant reproduction. animal embryos depend upon maternally provided factors until zygotic genome activation (zga). in plants, the timing and parental genome contributions to zga are unresolved. here, we use the flowering plant oryza sativa (rice) to characterize transcriptomes of time-staged isogenic and hybrid zygotes following fertilization. large-scale transcriptomic changes were observed in unicellular zygote ... | 2017 | 29112853 |
| spontaneous pepsin c-catalyzed activation of human pepsinogen c in transgenic rice cell suspension culture: production and characterization of human pepsin c. | a human pepsinogen c (hpgc) gene was synthesized with rice-optimized codon usage and cloned into a rice expression vector containing the promoter, signal peptide, and terminator derived from the rice α-amylase 3d (ramy3d) gene. in addition, a 6-his tag was added to the 3' end of the synthetic hpgc gene for easy purification. the plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (oryza sativa l. cv. dongjin) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the integration of the hpgc gene into the chr ... | 2018 | 29108629 |
| global proteome analysis links lysine acetylation to diverse functions in oryza sativa. | lysine acetylation (kac) is an important protein post-translational modification in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. herein, we report the results of a global proteome analysis of kac and its diverse functions in rice (oryza sativa). we identified 1353 kac sites in 866 proteins in rice seedlings. a total of 11 kac motifs are conserved, and 45% of the identified proteins are localized to the chloroplast. among all acetylated proteins, 38 kac sites are combined in core histones. bioinformatics ana ... | 2018 | 29106068 |
| stress-induced oryza sativa ruvbl1a is dna-independent atpase and unwinds dna duplex in 3' to 5' direction. | ruvb, a member of aaa+ (atpases associated with diverse cellular activities) superfamily of proteins, is essential, highly conserved and multifunctional in nature as it is involved in dna damage repair, mitotic assembly, switching of histone variants and assembly of telomerase core complex. ruvb family is widely studied in various systems such as escherichia coli, yeast, human, drosophila, plasmodium falciparum and mouse, but not well studied in plants. we have studied the transcript level of ri ... | 2017 | 29103092 |
| influence of aspartic acid and lysine on the uptake of gold nanoparticles in rice. | the interactions between plants and nanomaterials (nms) can shed light on the environmental consequences of nanotechnology. we used the major crop plant rice (oryza sativa l.) to investigate the uptake of gold nanoparticles (gnps) coated with either negatively or positively charged ligands, over a 5-day period, in the absence or presence of one of two amino acids, aspartic acid (asp) or lysine (lys), acting as components of rice root exudates. the presence of asp or lys influenced the uptake and ... | 2018 | 29101886 |
| application of glycine reduces arsenic accumulation and toxicity in oryza sativa l. by reducing the expression of silicon transporter genes. | the present study was intended to investigate the role of amino acid glycine in detoxification of as in oryza sativa l. the growth parameters such as, shoot length and fresh weight were decreased during as(iii) and as(v) toxicity. however, the application of glycine recovered the growth parameters against as stress. the application of glycine reduced the as accumulation in all the treatments, and it was more effective against as(iii) treatment and reduced the accumulation by 68% in root and 71% ... | 2018 | 29101885 |
| genomic structural variation-mediated allelic suppression causes hybrid male sterility in rice. | hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice (oryza sativa l.) subspecies. here we show that structural changes and copy number variation at the sc locus confer japonica-indica hybrid male sterility. the japonica allele, sc-j, contains a pollen-essential gene encoding a duf1618-domain protein; the indica allele, sc-i, contains two or three tandem-duplicated ~ 28-kb segments, each carrying a ... | 2017 | 29101356 |
| altered expression of a malate-permeable anion channel, osalmt4, disrupts mineral nutrition. | aluminum-activated malate transporters (almts) form a family of anion channels in plants, but little is known about most of its members. this study examined the function of osalmt4 from rice (oryza sativa). we show that osalmt4 is expressed in roots and shoots and that the osalmt4 protein localizes to the plasma membrane. transgenic rice lines overexpressing (ox) osalmt4 released malate from the roots constitutively and had 2-fold higher malate concentrations in the xylem sap than nulls, indicat ... | 2017 | 29101278 |
| remobilisation of phosphorus fractions in rice flag leaves during grain filling: implications for photosynthesis and grain yields. | phosphorus (p) is translocated from vegetative tissues to developing seeds during senescence in annual crop plants, but the impact of this p mobilisation on photosynthesis and plant performance is poorly understood. this study investigated rice (oryza sativa l.) flag leaf photosynthesis and p remobilisation in a hydroponic study where p was either supplied until maturity or withdrawn permanently from the nutrient solution at anthesis, 8 days after anthesis (daa) or 16 daa. prior to anthesis, pla ... | 2017 | 29095945 |
| rice sub1a constrains remodelling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post-submergence recovery. | the rice (oryza sativa l.) ethylene-responsive transcription factor gene sub1a-1 confers tolerance to prolonged, complete submergence by limiting underwater elongation growth. upon desubmergence, sub1a-1 genotypes rapidly recover photosynthetic function and recommence development towards flowering. the underpinnings of the transition from stress amelioration to the return to homeostasis are not well known. here, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify mechanisms by whi ... | 2017 | 29094353 |
| the coiled-coil and nucleotide binding domains of brown planthopper resistance14 function in signaling and resistance against planthopper in rice. | brown planthopper resistance14 (bph14), the first planthopper resistance gene isolated via map-based cloning in rice (oryza sativa), encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide binding site, leucine-rich repeat (cc-nb-lrr) protein. several planthopper and aphid resistance genes encoding proteins with similar structures have recently been identified. here, we analyzed the functions of the domains of bph14 to identify molecular mechanisms underpinning bph14-mediated planthopper resistance. the cc or nb doma ... | 2017 | 29093216 |
| the role of node restriction on cadmium accumulation in the brown rice of 12 chinese rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | for selection or breeding of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars with low cd affinity, the role of node cd restriction on cd accumulation in brown rice was studied. a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the concentration of cd in different sections of 12 chinese rice cultivars. the results indicated that the cd accumulation in the brown rice was mainly dependent on the root or shoot cd concentration. among the cultivars with nearly equal shoot cd concentrations, cd accumulation in brown ric ... | 2017 | 29091443 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistant rice plants during early infestation by small brown planthopper. | the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallén, homoptera, delphacidae-sbph) is one of the major destructive pests of rice (oryza sativa l.). understanding on how rice responds to sbph infestation will contribute to developing strategies for sbph control. however, the response of rice plant to sbph is poorly understood. in this study, two contrasting rice genotypes, pf9279-4 (sbph-resistant) and 02428 (sbph-susceptible), were used for comparative analysis of protein profiles in the l ... | 2017 | 29089949 |
| proteomic analysis of rice golgi membranes isolated by floating through discontinuous sucrose density gradient. | the golgi apparatus is an endomembrane system organelle and has roles in glycosylation, sorting, and secretion of proteins in the secretory pathway. it has a central function in living organism and is also essential for plant growth. proteomic approaches to identify the golgi membrane proteins have been performed in cell suspension cultures and many golgi membrane-associated proteins were found, whereas it has well established in rice seedling yet. in this chapter, our recent improving published ... | 2018 | 29086398 |
| meta-expression analysis of unannotated genes in rice and approaches for network construction to suggest the probable roles. | this work suggests 2020 potential candidates in rice for the functional annotation of unannotated genes using meta-analysis of anatomical samples derived from microarray and rna-seq technologies and this information will be useful to identify novel morphological agronomic traits. although the genome of rice (oryza sativa) has been sequenced, 14,365 genes are considered unannotated because they lack putative annotation information. according to the rice genome annotation project database ( http:/ ... | 2018 | 29086189 |
| quantitative trait loci analysis of grain appearance in oryza sativa l. 'emi-no-kizuna'. | a quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis was conducted on grain appearance in emi-no-kizuna, a rice cultivar that has superior and stable appearance of the brown rice grain and high tolerance to high temperature stress, by using f3 lines derived from emi-no-kizuna and tomohonami. the investigation was performed 2013 and 2015. in summer 2013 the air temperature was higher and the larger differences in grain appearance were observed. in the qtl analysis, a highly contributing locus, qga8, was det ... | 2017 | 29085253 |
| overexpression of srs5 improves grain size of brassinosteroid-related dwarf mutants in rice (oryza sativa l.). | grain size is a trait that is important for rice (oryza sativa l.) yield potential. many genes regulating grain size have been identified, deepening our understanding of molecular mechanisms of grain size determination in rice. previously, we cloned small and round seed 5 (srs5) gene (encoding alpha-tubulin) from a small and round seed mutant and revealed that this gene regulates grain length independently of the brassinosteroid (br) signaling pathway, although br-related mutants set small grain ... | 2017 | 29085249 |
| genetic mapping of the qsbn7 locus, a qtl controlling secondary branch number per panicle in rice. | secondary branch number (sbn) is an important component affecting spikelet number per panicle (spp) and yield in rice. during recurrent backcross breeding, four bc2f4 populations derived from the high-yield donor parent ir65598-112-2 and the recurrent parent tainan 13 (a local japonica cultivar) showed discontinuous variations of spp and sbn within populations. genetic analysis of 92 bc2f4 individuals suggested that both spp and sbn are controlled by a single recessive allele. two parents and 37 ... | 2017 | 29085243 |
| detection and validation of qtls for milky-white grains caused by high temperature during the ripening period in japonica rice. | the occurrence of chalky rice (oryza sativa l.) grains caused by high temperature is a serious problem in rice production. of the several kinds of chalky grains, milky-white grains are not well analyzed. the milky-white rice grain phenomenon is caused by genetic factors as well as environmental and nutritional conditions. to analyze the genetic control system for rice grain quality, we raised recombinant inbred lines from progeny produced from 'tsukushiroman' (high temperature sensitive) and 'ch ... | 2017 | 29085242 |
| optimization of ultrasound and microwave assisted extractions of polyphenols from black rice (oryza sativa cv. poireton) husk. | phenolic compounds were extracted from the husk of milled black rice (cv. poireton) by using a combination of ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction. extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology according to a three levels, five variables box-behnken design. the appropriate process variables (extraction temperature and extraction time) to maximize the ethanolic extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activ ... | 2017 | 29085127 |
| multifunctional rna binding protein ostudor-sn in storage protein mrna transport and localization. | the multifunctional rna-binding protein tudor-sn plays multiple roles in transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes due to its modular domain structure, consisting of four tandem staphylococcus nuclease (sn)-like domains (4sn), followed by a carboxyl-terminal tudor domain, followed by a fifth partial sn sequence (tsn). in plants, it confers stress tolerance, is a component of stress granules and p-bodies, and may participate in stabilizing and localizing rnas to specific subdomains of the ... | 2017 | 29084903 |
| genetic architecture of natural variation in rice nonphotochemical quenching capacity revealed by genome-wide association study. | the photoprotective processes conferred by nonphotochemical quenching (npq) serve fundamental roles in maintaining plant fitness and sustainable yield. so far, few loci have been reported to be involved in natural variation of npq capacity in rice (oryza sativa), and the extents of variation explored are very limited. here we conducted a genome-wide association study (gwas) for npq capacity using a diverse worldwide collection of 529 o. sativa accessions. a total of 33 significant association lo ... | 2017 | 29081789 |
| eqtls regulating transcript variations associated with rapid internode elongation in deepwater rice. | to avoid low oxygen, oxygen deficiency or oxygen deprivation, deepwater rice cultivated in flood planes can develop elongated internodes in response to submergence. knowledge of the gene regulatory networks underlying rapid internode elongation is important for an understanding of the evolution and adaptation of major crops in response to flooding. to elucidate the genetic and molecular basis controlling their deepwater response we used microarrays and performed expression quantitative trait loc ... | 2017 | 29081784 |
| effect of peanut shell and wheat straw biochar on the availability of cd and pb in a soil-rice (oryza sativa l.) system. | soil amendments, such as biochar, have been used to enhance the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil. a pot experiment was conducted to immobilize the available cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in soil using peanut shell biochar (pbc) and wheat straw biochar (wbc), and to observe the accumulation of these heavy metals in rice (oryza sativa l.). the application of pbc and wbc led to significantly higher ph, soil organic carbon (soc), and cation exchange capacity (cec) in paddy soil, whil ... | 2018 | 29079982 |
| do all leaf photosynthesis parameters of rice acclimate to elevated co2 , elevated temperature, and their combination, in face environments? | leaf photosynthesis of crops acclimates to elevated co2 and temperature, but studies quantifying responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters to combined co2 and temperature increases under field conditions are scarce. we measured leaf photosynthesis of rice cultivars changyou 5 and nanjing 9108 grown in two free-air co2 enrichment (face) systems, respectively, installed in paddy fields. each face system had four combinations of two levels of co2 (ambient and enriched) and two levels of canopy te ... | 2017 | 29076597 |
| characterizing endophytic competence and plant growth promotion of bacterial endophytes inhabiting the seed endosphere of rice. | rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) seeds as plant microbiome present both an opportunity and a challenge to colonizing bacterial community living in close association with plants. nevertheless, the roles and activities of bacterial endophytes remain largely unexplored and insights into plant-microbe interaction are compounded by its complexity. in this study, putative functions or physiological properties associated with bacterial endophytic nature were assessed. also, endophytic roles in plant ... | 2017 | 29073903 |
| top bending panicle1 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling and regulates the plant architecture in rice. | brassinosteroids (brs) regulate several aspects of plant growth and development. although extensive studies have shown that br signaling is conservative in higher plants, the molecular mechanism of regulating plant architecture in rice still remains to be explored. here, we characterized a rice mutant named top bending panicle1 (tbp1). compared to wild type, tbp1 mutant plants displayed semi-dwarf stature, erect leaves, small and round grains, as well as more tillers. remarkably, the panicles of ... | 2017 | 29073469 |
| structural complexity and functional diversity of plant nadph oxidases. | plant nadph oxidases also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (rbohs) are a family of membrane-bound enzymes that play diverse roles in the defense response and morphogenetic processes via regulated generation of reactive oxygen species. rbohs are associated with a variety of functions, although the reason for this is not clear. to evaluate using bioinformatics, the possible mechanisms for the observed functional diversity within the plant kingdom, 127 rboh protein sequences representing ... | 2018 | 29071531 |
| evidence for molecular antagonistic mechanism between mercury and selenium in rice (oryza sativa l.): a combined study using 1, 2-dimensional electrophoresis and sr-xrf techniques. | mercury (hg) is a hazardous chemical in the environment and can accumulate in the food chain. selenium (se) is a necessary element for human health and has antagonistic effects on hg toxicity. in this work, we investigated the effect of se on hg containing and hg-responsive proteins in rice using 1, 2-dimensional electrophoresis combined with sr-xrf techniques. two weeks old rice seedlings were exposed to hg and/or se compounds. after 21days proteins in the rice roots were separated by electroph ... | 2017 | 29066364 |
| alleviatory effects of silicon on the foliar micromorphology and anatomy of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings under simulated acid rain. | silicon (si) is a macroelement in plants. the biological effects and mitigation mechanisms of silicon under environmental stress have become hot topics. the main objectives of this study were to elucidate the roles of si in alleviating the effects on the phenotype, micromorphology and anatomy of the leaves of rice seedlings under acid rain stress. the results indicated that the combined or single effects of si and simulated acid rain (sar) stress on rice roots depended on the concentration of si ... | 2017 | 29065171 |
| transcriptomic analysis of gibberellin- and paclobutrazol-treated rice seedlings under submergence. | submergence stress is a limiting factor for rice growing in rainfed lowland areas of the world. it is known that the phytohormone gibberellin (ga) has negative effects on submergence tolerance in rice, while its inhibitor paclobutrazol (pb) does the opposite. however, the physiological and molecular basis underlying the ga- and pb-regulated submergence response remains largely unknown. in this study, we reveal that pb could significantly enhance rice seedling survival by retaining a higher level ... | 2017 | 29064391 |
| the rna editing factor slorrm4 is required for normal fruit ripening in tomato. | rna editing plays a key posttranscriptional role in gene expression. existing studies on cytidine-to-uridine rna editing in plants have focused on maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa), and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). however, the importance and regulation of rna editing in several critical agronomic processes are not well understood, a notable example of which is fruit ripening. here, we analyzed the expression profile of 33 rna editing factors and identified 11 putative tomato (solanum ... | 2017 | 29061908 |
| geographic mosaics and changing rates of cereal domestication. | domestication is the process by which plants or animals evolved to fit a human-managed environment, and it is marked by innovations in plant morphology and anatomy that are in turn correlated with new human behaviours and technologies for harvesting, storage and field preparation. archaeobotanical evidence has revealed that domestication was a protracted process taking thousands of plant generations. within this protracted process there were changes in the selection pressures for domestication t ... | 2017 | 29061901 |
| current understanding of pattern-triggered immunity and hormone-mediated defense in rice (oryza sativa) in response to magnaporthe oryzae infection. | plant pathogens represent a huge threat to world food security, affecting both crop production and quality. although significant progress has been made in improving plant immunity by expressing key, defense-related genes and proteins from different species in transgenic crops, a challenge remains for molecular breeders and biotechnologists to successfully engineer elite, transgenic crop varieties with improved resistance against critical plant pathogens. upon pathogen attack, including infection ... | 2017 | 29061483 |
| identification and determination of naturally occurring folates in grains of rice (oryza sativa l.) by uplc-ms/ms analysis. | the genetic potential and biofortification of india-grown rice with bioavailable folate has not been studied yet. the objectives of this study were to determine the folates concentration in four cultivars of rice through uplc-ms/ms. total folate concentration in rice cultivars ranged from 11.0 to 51 μg/100 g with a mean of 26.0 μg/100 g. among the four rice cultivars, the pigmented grain cultivar nootripathu possesses two-fold rich sources of total folates than the other three non-pigmented grai ... | 2017 | 29058482 |
| growth inhibition of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings in ga- and in-contaminated acidic soils is respectively caused by al and al+in toxicity. | limited information exists on the effects of emerging contaminants gallium (ga) and indium (in) on rice plant growth. this study investigated the effects on growth and uptake of ga and in by rice plants grown in soils with different properties. pot experiment was conducted and the rice seedlings were grown in two soils of different ph (pc and cf) spiked with various ga and in concentrations. the results showed concentrations of ga, in, and al in soil pore water increased with ga- or in-spiking i ... | 2018 | 29055200 |
| diffusional conductance to co2 is the key limitation to photosynthesis in salt-stressed leaves of rice (oryza sativa). | salinity significantly limits leaf photosynthesis but the factors causing the limitation in salt-stressed leaves remain unclear. in the present work, photosynthetic and biochemical traits were investigated in four rice genotypes under two nacl concentration (0 and 150 mm) to assess the stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical contributions to reduced photosynthetic rate (a) in salt-stressed leaves. our results indicated that salinity led to a decrease in a, leaf osmotic potential, electron transport ... | 2017 | 29055043 |
| constitutive expression of osdof4, encoding a c2-c2 zinc finger transcription factor, confesses its distinct flowering effects under long- and short-day photoperiods in rice (oryza sativa l.). | dof (dna binding with one finger) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcription factors which contain a conserved c2-c2-type zinc finger domain, are involved in many fundamental processes. in the arabidopsis photoperiod response pathway, cdf (cycling dof factor) proteins have a primary role as acting via transcriptional repression of the direct flowering locus t (ft) activator constans (co). our previous study indicated that one of cdf homologs, osdof12, was involved in photoperiodic floweri ... | 2017 | 29052517 |
| cell-type specific chromatin analysis in whole-mount plant tissues by immunostaining. | chromatin organization in eukaryotes is highly dynamic, playing fundamental roles in regulating diverse nuclear processes including dna replication, transcription, and repair. thus, the analysis of chromatin organization is of great importance for the elucidation of chromatin-mediated biological processes. immunostaining coupled with imaging is one of the most powerful tools for chromatin analysis at the cellular level. however, in plants, it is sometimes technically challenging to apply this me ... | 2018 | 29052206 |
| udp-arabinopyranose mutase gene expressions are required for the biosynthesis of the arabinose side chain of both pectin and arabinoxyloglucan, and normal leaf expansion in nicotiana tabacum. | plant cell walls are composed of polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins, whose location and function differ depending on plant type. arabinose is a constituent of many different cell wall components, including pectic rhamnogalacturonan i (rg-i) and ii (rg-ii), glucuronoarabinoxylans (gax), and arabinoxyloglucan (axg). arabinose is found predominantly in the furanose rather than in the thermodynamically more stable pyranose form. the udp-arabinopyranose mutases (uams) have ... | 2017 | 29052022 |
| comprehensive profiling of lysine ubiquitome reveals diverse functions of lysine ubiquitination in common wheat. | protein ubiquitination, which is a major post-translational modifications that occurs in eukaryotic cells, is involved in diverse biological processes. to date, large-scale profiling of the ubiquitome in common wheat has not been reported, despite its status as the major cereal crop in the world. here, we performed the first ubiquitome analysis of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety, aikang 58. overall, 433 lysine modification sites were identified in 285 proteins in wheat seedlings, ... | 2017 | 29051560 |