| comparative kill and growth rates determined with cefdinir and cefaclor and with streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae. | the relationship between the growth rate and the kill rate was used to evaluate and to compare the in vitro bactericidal activities of cefdinir, a new oral cephalosporin, and cefaclor against streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae. these frequently encountered pathogens of community-acquired respiratory tract infections are usually susceptible to both drugs. the mic ranges for cefdinir and cefaclor were, respectively, 0.03 to 0.06 and 0.25 to 0.5 ... | 1992 | 1590698 |
| immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and its tetanus toxoid conjugate in patients with recurrent infections or humoral immunodeficiency. | the antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae type b was evaluated after vaccination with the capsular polysaccharide or its tetanus toxoid conjugate in 41 randomized patients with recurrent infections, iga deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, or the wiskott-aldrich syndrome. serum antibodies were measured using a farr assay for total antibodies and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies of the three main immunoglobulin classes and of each i ... | 1992 | 1591374 |
| the effects of stopper drying on moisture levels of haemophilus influenzae conjugate vaccine. | the discovery and development of increasingly potent biological and pharmaceutical products have resulted in very small amounts of the active ingredient in final product formulations. pediatric vaccines with sub-milliliter dose sizes pose unique problems for final formulation and lyophilization, especially when stabilizers used are present in small amounts or are hygroscopic. lyophilized haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) (pedvaxhib) has a plug weight of about 3 mg ... | 1992 | 1592170 |
| recurrent otitis media with non-typable haemophilus influenzae: the role of serum bactericidal antibody. | the effect of serum bactericidal antibody on colonization with non-typable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) was studied in 26 children. serum bactericidal antibody did not prevent colonization with nthi in the nasopharynx. antibody was present in 53% before, 91% during and 100% after documented colonization of the nasopharynx with nthi. in addition, 5 children with recurrent otitis media with effusion (ome) due to nthi were observed for bactericidal serum antibody during a 4-year period. bactericid ... | 1992 | 1592547 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on adherence, colonization and immunity of non-typable haemophilus influenzae: implications for otitis media. | adherence of non-typable haemophilus influenzae to respiratory epithelium was evaluated in a cotton rat model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. colonization with non-typable h. influenzae increased to a maximum within 4 days of rsv infection compared to rsv negative controls (4.58 +/- 0.17 vs 3.82 +/- 0.23 log colony forming units (cfu) per ml, p less than 0.05) and then declined over the subsequent 10 days (2.0 +/- 0 vs 3.78 +/- 0.39 cfu per ml, p less than 0.0001). in a second se ... | 1992 | 1592548 |
| ru 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester hr 916. i. antibacterial activity in vitro. | the aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin ru 29 246 is the active metabolite of the prodrug-pivaloyl-oxyethyl-ester hr 916. ru 29 246 in vitro activity includes a wide range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. against methicillin-sensitive staphylococci ru 29 246 (mic90 of 0.25 approximately 2 micrograms/ml) was clearly more active than cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefixime and ceftibuten, but slightly less active than cefdinir. ru 29 246 inhibited hemolytic streptococci of the serogroups a ... | 1992 | 1592683 |
| ru 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester hr 916. ii. stability to beta-lactamases and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. | the aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin ru 29 246, the active metabolite of the prodrug-ester hr 916, is active against strains producing the widespread plasmid-encoded tem-1, tem-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases. except for tem-7 the activity of ru 29 246 against strains producing extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases (tem-3, tem-5, tem-6, shv-2, shv-4, shv-5, cmy-1, ctx-m), however, is low. relative hydrolysis rates of ru 29 246 are comparable with those of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of cs-807, ... | 1992 | 1592684 |
| antibiotic uptake: unusual results for unusual molecules. | | 1992 | 1592694 |
| copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in haemophilus species. | copper-zinc superoxide dismutases ([cu,zn]-sods) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes but have rarely been found in prokaryotes. a gene for [cu,zn]-sod (sodc) has recently been cloned from haemophilus influenzae type b and h. parainfluenzae, so other haemophilus and related species were screened for the presence of [cu,zn]-sods by visualization of bands of sod activity in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels and by gene probing. strains of h. aphrophilus, h. paraphrophilus, h. haemolyticus, h. paraphrohae ... | 1992 | 1593263 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. | the efficacy and safety of loracarbef, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was compared with that of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. a double-blind format was utilized to administer 10-day, randomized, parallel treatment regimens to patients who were between 6 months and 12 years of age. the most prevalent causative pathogens found in the two treatment groups were streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella (branhame ... | 1992 | 1593361 |
| immunization opportunities missed among urban poor children. | low immunization rates among us preschool children suggest a need for improved immunization practices. immunization and encounter records were reviewed to ascertain immunization rates and missed opportunities for vaccine administration among 515 preschool children who were active patients at a hospital-based primary care center serving lower socioeconomic status families in rochester, ny. the point prevalence at a mean age of 4.4 years for lack of one or more recommended immunizations was 27%; 7 ... | 1992 | 1594341 |
| identification and analysis of the gene encoding human pc2, a prohormone convertase expressed in neuroendocrine tissues. | in recent studies we have identified pc2 and pc3, members of a family of serine proteases that are related structurally to subtilisin, and have provided evidence that these are involved in the tissue-specific processing of prohormones and neuropeptides. pc2 is expressed at high levels in the islets of langerhans, where it participates in the processing of proinsulin to insulin (s.p.s. and d.f.s., unpublished data). to evaluate the regulated expression of the human pc2 (hpc2) gene we have analyze ... | 1992 | 1594602 |
| regions of bacteriophage t4 and rb69 rega translational repressor proteins that determine rna-binding specificity. | rega protein of t4 and related bacteriophages is a highly conserved rna-binding protein that represses the translation of many phage mrnas that encode enzymes involved in dna metabolism. rb69, a t4-related bacteriophage, has a unique rega gene, which we have cloned, sequenced, and expressed. the predicted amino acid sequence of rb69 rega is 78% identical to that of t4 rega. plasmid-encoded rb69 rega expressed in vivo represses the translation of t4 early mrnas, including those of riia, riib, 44, ... | 1992 | 1594613 |
| increased resistance to ionizing and ultraviolet radiation in escherichia coli jm83 is associated with a chromosomal rearrangement. | cells cope with radiation damage through several mechanisms: (1) increased dna repair activity, (2) scavenging and inactivation of radiation-induced radical molecules, and (3) entry into a g0-like quiescent state. we have investigated a chromosomal rearrangement to elucidate further the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying these phenomena. a mutant of escherichia coli jm83 (phi 80dlacz delta m15) was isolated that demonstrated significantly increased resistance to both ionizing and ultrav ... | 1992 | 1594764 |
| [alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia]. | neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (nait) is due to fetomaternal incompatibility for platelet specific antigens, most frequently hpa-1a (pla1) and hpa-5b (bra). it occurs in approximately 1/2.000-1/5.000 births. the most serious complication of nait is intracranial hemorrhage. the risk of life-threatening hemorrhage must lead to prompt diagnosis and effective therapy. improvements in antenatal diagnosis and in utero therapy facilitate appropriate management of pregnancy at risk for nait. we re ... | 1992 | 1594824 |
| tissue concentrations of organochlorine compounds in common seals from the coast of northern ireland. | an epizootic of morbillivirus infection killed several hundred common seals (phoca vitulina) along the coast of northern ireland in 1988. many dead and moribund seals were submitted to the department of agriculture for northern ireland, veterinary research laboratories for necropsy. samples of blubber, liver and kidney were collected from these animals (n = 55) for analysis for a wide range of organochlorine pesticides and also total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the organochlorines found in ... | 1992 | 1594932 |
| survival rate and carcase downgrading after the stunning of broilers with carbon dioxide-argon mixtures. | as chickens may rapidly regain consciousness after gas stunning, the effects of a two minute exposure to a carbon dioxide-argon mixture on survival rate were investigated. broilers were stunned in batches of 10 per transport crate with a mixture of 10, 20 or 30 per cent carbon dioxide in argon with 5 per cent residual oxygen. the birds were exposed to the gaseous atmosphere for two minutes. a control group of birds was electrically stunned (120 ma for four seconds; 50hz sinusoidal waveform). in ... | 1992 | 1595161 |
| intracerebroventricular immunization with trh-antiserum lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | centrally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone exerts a well documented hypertensive effect. in this study, the possible physiological role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the central cardiovascular regulation was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving long-term (8-14 days) intracerebroventricular infusion of a heterologous antiserum to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. the effect of this passive immunization on the blood pressure was monitored from conscious animals by th ... | 1992 | 1595355 |
| the no-reflow phenomenon is a post-mortem artifact. | post-ischemic reperfusion impairment, ("no-reflow phenomenon"), was studied in rats subjected to 8-30 minutes of global brain ischemia. during ischemia, rapid and complete loss of cerebral blood flow, eeg and 31p-high energy phosphates (atp/pcr) was observed. brain intravascular perfusion defects were examined by injecting carbon black intravenously in a group of rats with stable cardiopulmonary function and in another group subjected to rapid thoracotomy and intraarterial infusion of the carbon ... | 1992 | 1595393 |
| cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi. | the specificity of serological tests for lyme borreliosis is impaired by cross-reacting antibodies. in order to select antigens for more specific tests, specific and cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi must be identified. therefore, to analyze cross reactions of borrelia burgdorferi with other bacteria, rabbit immune sera against heterologous bacteria (borrelia hermsii, treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, leptospira interrogans (serogroup grippotyphosa), neisseria meningitidis, ... | 1992 | 1597198 |
| childhood bacterial meningitis in al-baha province, saudi arabia. | a retrospective review of 71 paediatric patients admitted with bacterial meningitis to the king fahad hospital at al-baha, saudi arabia, during an 8-year period revealed a preponderance of males (67.6%) and young subjects with 88.7% being below 24 months of age. the commonest cerebrospinal fluid pathogens in the series were haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), streptococcus pneumoniae and group b-beta haemolytic streptococcus, which were responsible for 47.3, 34.5 and 9.1% of cases respectively. ... | 1992 | 1597873 |
| [residual state and mortality justify vaccination of swedish children against haemophilus influenzae type b]. | | 1992 | 1598055 |
| [haemophilus diseases nearly eradicated in finland]. | | 1992 | 1598056 |
| haemophilus influenzae in new zealand: subtyping of isolates from invasive disease using outer membrane protein profiling. | invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease affects one in every 350 new zealand children by the age of five, leaving some with severe handicap. as part of a national surveillance programme aimed at determining the epidemiology of h influenzae b disease in this country, the diversity of local isolates causing invasive disease was examined using outer membrane protein (omp) profiling. of 81 h influenzae b isolates examined, 70 (86%) had identical omp profiles. among the other 11 h influenzae b ... | 1992 | 1598144 |
| role of infection in the middle lobe syndrome in asthma. | twenty one children with asthma aged 1.0-10.5 years (mean (sd) 3.3 (2.5) years) were admitted to the hospital to evaluate pulmonary right middle lobe or lingular collapse lasting one to 12 months (mean (sd) 4.4 (3.8) months). seven children had mild asthma and were treated with inhaled beta 2 agonists as needed. nine had moderate asthma treated with either sodium cromoglycate or slow release theophylline. five had severe asthma treated with inhaled steroids. each child underwent fibreoptic bronc ... | 1992 | 1599294 |
| update on mechanisms and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in haemophilus influenzae. | the prevalence of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase production among clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae has increased globally since this characteristic was first recognized in 1972. three nationwide surveillance studies conducted in the united states in the 1980s indicated that the rate of beta-lactamase production was approximately 30% among serotype b isolates and approximately 15% among nonencapsulated strains. the american studies also documented strains with resistance to chloramphe ... | 1992 | 1600014 |
| haemophilus b conjugate vaccines. | | 1992 | 1600377 |
| bacteriology of middle ear effusions. | | 1992 | 1602462 |
| active transcription from a promoter positioned within the coding region of a divergently oriented gene: the tobacco chloroplast rpl32 gene. | a new transcription unit has been identified and characterized in the small single-copy region of tobacco chloroplast dna. a primary transcript (1550 nucleotides) spanning the entire transcription unit contains no significant open reading frames (orfs), other than orf55, recently identified as the gene encoding the ribosomal protein cl32 (rpl32). the leader sequence extends 1101 nucleotides from the rpl32 initiation codon. primer extension and in vitro capping experiments in combination with rib ... | 1992 | 1603058 |
| [improvement in the mother-child health record in pediatric health care]. | the recommended program of child health care in austria needs some additions: the first routine visit should be done between the 3rd and 5th week of life because of the insecurity of the young mother. the orthopedic examination must comprise the ultrasonographic examination of the hip. at 7-9 months of age the urinary screening for neuroblastoma must be incorporated into the existing program. the vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b must be added to the existing vaccination recommen ... | 1992 | 1603598 |
| photosensitization by 2-chloro-3,11-tridecadiene-5,7,9-triyn-1-ol: damage to erythrocyte membranes, escherichia coli, and dna. | the natural product 2-chloro-3,11-tridecadiene-5,7,9-triyn-1-ol (1) photosensitized the inactivation of escherichia coli in the presence of near-ultraviolet light (320-400 nm; nuv) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. a series of e. coli strains differing in dna repair capabilities and catalase proficiency exhibited indistinguishable inactivation kinetics following treatment with the chemical plus nuv. the presence of carotenoids did afford some protection to e. coli against inactivation ... | 1992 | 1603851 |
| haemophilus influenzae and viruses 100 years later: from influenza to human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1605137 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in adults with aids and at risk for aids. | our objective was to determine the number of cases of haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in patients with and at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from january 1983 to june 1991 at a municipal hospital in bronx, new york. | 1992 | 1605138 |
| mechanisms of the behavioral effects of interleukin 1. role of prostaglandins and crf. | sickness behavior induced by il-1 can be assessed quantitatively by measuring disruption of schedule-controlled behavior and loss of interest in social activities displayed by rats or mice injected peripherally or centrally with this monokine. these effects are mediated via the release of prostaglandins since they are blocked by the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors indomethacin and piroxicam. they do not depend, however, on the central release of crf, since they are not altered by central admi ... | 1992 | 1605483 |
| single daily dose ceftriaxone therapy in epiglottitis. | ceftriaxone as a single daily intravenous dose for 5 days was used to treat seven patients with proven haemophilus influenzae epiglottitis. all children responded favourably. the serum levels achieved exceeded the mic by up to 1500 times at the trough level during and for up to 24 h after the completion of the treatment. side effects were mild and transient and did not disrupt the continuity of the treatment. ceftriaxone potentially offers a number of clinical and economic advantages in the mana ... | 1992 | 1605971 |
| a review of therapeutic monitoring of chloramphenicol in patients with haemophilus influenzae meningitis. | two hundred and seventy-seven serum chloramphenicol concentrations in 90 patients with haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis were analysed retrospectively. most patients were given chloramphenicol 25 mg/kg 6 hourly initially. chloramphenicol concentrations were categorized as pre-dose ('trough') or post-dose ('peak'). twenty-six per cent of the results were in the potentially toxic range (above 30 mg/l), and 18% were below 10 mg/l. analysis of 46 pre- and post-dose measurements showed that fo ... | 1992 | 1605978 |
| [purification, amino acid composition and n-terminal sequence of the major protein (protein h) of the outer membrane of pasteurella multocida]. | the major protein (protein h) of the outer membrane of pasteurella multocida was purified by size-exclusion chromatography after selective extraction with detergents. the protein forms homotrimers which are stable in the presence of sds at room temperature. upon treatment at 100 degrees c, the protein is fully dissociated by the detergent into monomers exhibiting an apparent molecular mass of 37 kda as estimated by electrophoresis. the amino acid composition of protein h is characterized by a lo ... | 1992 | 1606514 |
| type b capsule inhibits ingestion of haemophilus influenzae by murine macrophages: studies with isogenic encapsulated and unencapsulated strains. | phagocytosis may be important in clearing haemophilus influenzae from the bloodstream. to define the effect of type b capsule on phagocytosis, binding and ingestion by macrophages was measured for 5 isogenic sets of capsule-sufficient strains (clinical isolates and type b transformants of capsule-deficient mutants) and capsule-deficient mutants (strains lacking a 9-kb ecori fragment of chromosomal dna associated with type b capsule expression). capsule-sufficient strains were not bound in the ab ... | 1992 | 1607693 |
| growth of haemophilus influenzae in human milk: synthesis, distribution, and activity of iga protease as determined by study of iga+ and mutant iga- cells. | the nonencapsulated, iga protease-positive haemophilus influenzae strain rd and serogroup b clinical isolates were found to proliferate in human milk. growth did not require supplemental x and v factors. in milk, strain rd synthesized iga protease, but it was completely inhibited by antibody, so secretory iga in milk cultures remained intact. inhibition was largely attributable to iga1 antibodies. rd cells also aggregated during growth in milk and showed colony size variation, whereas a protease ... | 1992 | 1607707 |
| [rational means of the determination of costs and etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia]. | the cost and effectiveness of examinations (sputum staining and culturing, antitest determination for influenza a and b, rsv, adenovirus, chlamydia psittaci and pneumoniae, coxiella burnetii, mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila, and determination for streptococcus pneumoniae antigen) performed to explore the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the case of 258 hospitalised patients were analysed. the aetiology could be determined in 44.2% of the cases. on the basis of prevai ... | 1992 | 1608606 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in a rural community in the gambia. | approximately 500 children younger than 5 years old resident in 7 villages in a rural area of the gambia were monitored closely for 1 year for episodes of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri). each episode was investigated with antigen detection techniques and antibody assays as well as culture for bacteria and viruses. a pathogen was identified in 76 (34.2%) of 222 cases with clinical signs of alri and in 34 (42%) of the 81 cases who, in addition, had radiologic evidence of alri. evid ... | 1992 | 1608684 |
| immune response to nontypable haemophilus influenzae after neonatal sepsis. | | 1992 | 1608696 |
| controlled trial of haemophilus influenzae type b diphtheria toxoid conjugate combined with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines, in 18-month-old children, including comparison of arm versus thigh injection. | a randomized, controlled comparison was made in 175 healthy 18-month-old children given either diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (dtp) and haemophilus b diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (prp/d) concurrently at separate sites (66 children) or a new vaccine combining these products (109 children). rates of local or systemic adverse effects postimmunization and antibody responses to each component did not differ significantly between groups. dtp-containing vaccines w ... | 1992 | 1609548 |
| molecular mechanism of haemophilus influenzae pathogenicity. | | 1992 | 1610139 |
| glycosaminoglycan patterns in gingival proteoglycans of rat with age. | among the potential biochemical indices that are closely associated with craniofacial development are the proteoglycans. gingival segments from the palate of 4-, 6-, 8-, 12- and 18-week-old rats were incubated for 4 h in medium containing [3h]-glucosamine and [35s]-na2so4, and subjected to proteoglycan isolation and glycosaminoglycan analysis. two distinct proteoglycan fractions differing in the degree of sulphation were obtained by ion-exchange chromatography. the incorporation of both labels i ... | 1992 | 1610301 |
| development of definitions for taxonomy ii. | in the process of placing diagnoses into taxonomy i, certain inconsistencies became apparent. inadequate definition of both diagnoses and human response patterns, lack of defining characteristics, and inconsistency in the levels of abstraction within the taxonomic hierarchy made the task of assigning a diagnosis to a taxonomic pattern difficult. ambiguity in the definitions of the nine patterns resulted in ambiguity in the basic foundation, which affected the entire structure. the taxonomy commi ... | 1992 | 1610618 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and infected aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: report of three cases. | three patients who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus underwent surgery for infected aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. fever and abdominal pain were the principal presenting clinical features. none of the patients had any opportunistic infections or endocarditis. in two cases, a ruptured aneurysm was demonstrated radiographically. in the remaining case, sonograms were diagnostic. the organisms responsible were salmonella, hemophilus influenzae, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. in t ... | 1992 | 1610655 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute purulent bacterial bronchitis. | in this single-blind study, 488 patients with acute bronchitis were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate three times daily for seven days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 98 patients treated with loracarbef and in 99 treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate in whom pretreatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptible to both study drugs were found. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarr ... | 1992 | 1611641 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in this single-blind study, 579 patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate thrice daily for seven days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 129 of the loracarbef-treated patients and 120 amoxicillin/clavulanate-treated patients in whom pretreatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptible to both antibiotics were isolated. three organisms predominated in either pure or mixed cultures in 57.0% of t ... | 1992 | 1611645 |
| loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia. | in a single-blind study, 134 patients with bronchopneumonia or lobar pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate three times daily for 10 to 14 days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 38 patients treated with loracarbef and in 39 treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate in whom pre-treatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptibile to the study drugs were isolated. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were ... | 1992 | 1611648 |
| in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ... | 1992 | 1611848 |
| growth of haemophilus influenzae type b in continuous culture: effect of dilution rate on outer-membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide expression. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was grown in continuous culture under cystine-limitation between dilution rates (d) of 0.065-0.28 h-1. a similar outer-membrane protein profile, as adjudged by sds-page, was found at all dilution rates. however, a shift to a lipopolysaccharide structure with a greater electrophoretic mobility on sds-page with accompanying changes in monoclonal antibody reactivity was observed at d greater than or equal to 0.15 h-1. growth rate per se can affect the expression ... | 1992 | 1612416 |
| evidence for in vivo expression of transferrin-binding proteins in haemophilus influenzae type b. | haemophilus influenzae type b acquires transferrin-bound iron via a siderophore-independent mechanism involving direct contact between the human iron-binding glycoprotein and the bacterial cell surface. evidence has accumulated to show that the transferrin receptor consists of at least two iron-regulated outer membrane transferrin-binding proteins (tbps), of which one has a molecular mass of around 100 kda (tbp1) and the other has a molecular mass of 60 to 90 kda (tbp2). in h. influenzae type b ... | 1992 | 1612763 |
| [a study on in vitro antibacterial activity and clinical usefulness in respiratory tract infections of panipenem/betamipron, a newly synthesized carbapenem antibiotic]. | panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) is a combination drug of papm, a new parenteral carbapenem antibiotic and bp, an amino acid derivative at a weight ratio of 1:1. its in vitro antibacterial activities against clinically isolated respiratory pathogenic bacteria were determined. it was superior to imipenem (ipm) in the in vitro antibacterial activities against haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus including mrsa, klebsiella pneumoniae, serr ... | 1992 | 1613967 |
| [a clinical study on panipenem/betamipron in chronic respiratory tract infections]. | panipenem/betamipron (cs-976, papm/bp), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was administered a single dose of 500 mg or 750 mg via intravenous drip infusion twice a day for treatment of chronic respiratory infection to study its clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and safety. twenty nine cases were studied for the efficacy evaluation. only the safety evaluation was made in 6 cases which were judged to be unsuitable, because in some of them pneumonia and other diseases were not specified as the ... | 1992 | 1613969 |
| [severe gastroenteritis after hib preventive vaccination?]. | | 1992 | 1614077 |
| [haemophilus endocarditis]. | | 1992 | 1614378 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding another trypanosoma cruzi acidic ribosomal p2 type protein (tcp2b). | | 1992 | 1614880 |
| [vaccines against haemophilus influenzae b: present, past and future]. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hinb) is the main etiologic agent of severe pediatric illnesses, such as meningitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia. countries most affected by this pathogen are localized in the american, european and african continents. while this organism was originally isolated 100 years ago, the first field trial using a whole killed vaccine was performed until 1959. since then, further controlled clinical trials have mainly been conducted in the north american and european contin ... | 1992 | 1615346 |
| [neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1992 | 1616203 |
| review of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin. | cefprozil is a newer oral cephalosporin with a spectrum of activity against organisms that include gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. a review of published data shows that cefprozil is active (susceptibility, less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml; moderate susceptibility, 16 micrograms/ml; resistance, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) against gram-positive species such as streptococci, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, and listeria monocytogenes; it may have marginal activi ... | 1992 | 1617037 |
| comparison of cefprozil with other antibiotic regimens in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | in two randomized clinical trials in children with otitis media, the efficacy and safety of cefprozil are compared to those of amoxicillin/clavulanate (n = 530) and of cefaclor and cefixime (n = 394). the rate of clinical cure or improvement was similar among patients receiving each drug regimen, ranging from 78% for amoxicillin/clavulanate to 89% for cefaclor; for cefprozil, this rate was 84% and 85% in the two studies, respectively. in the first study, cefprozil was superior to amoxicillin/cla ... | 1992 | 1617039 |
| criteria for evaluation of antimicrobial agents and current therapies for acute sinusitis in children. | acute sinusitis is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infections in children. the primary causative bacteria are haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci. concurrent viral infection may confound interpretation of the clinical response to antimicrobial treatment. first-line antimicrobial treatment is usually with amoxicillin. the increase in frequency of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in some ... | 1992 | 1617040 |
| translocation of the nuclear autoantigen la to the cell surface of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected cells. | recently we developed a procedure to translocalize one of the extractable nuclear antigens (enas), the la protein, to the cell surface of cv-1 cells. here we report that herpes simplex virus type 1 infection can also induce a translocation of the autoantigen to the cell surface. on the cell surface we detected la protein assembled with large protrusions. within these protrusions la protein colocalized with virus particles. these protrusions are known to be released from the cell after virus infe ... | 1992 | 1617103 |
| antibiotic resistance in community-acquired pneumonia. | antibiotic resistance in bacteria is but one of many factors to consider when treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia. many bacterial resistance patterns are stable, but wide geographical variation, increasing penicillin resistance in pneumococci and ampicillin resistance in haemophilus influenzae are now being found. the importance of these features and their impact on therapy are reviewed. | 1992 | 1617342 |
| a randomized double-blind controlled trial of roxithromycin and cefaclor in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections in general practice. | a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, single-dummy placebo-controlled study is being undertaken by the research unit of the royal new zealand college of general practitioners to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 150 mg twice daily roxithromycin with 250 mg three times daily cefaclor in the treatment of 250 general practice patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). interim analysis of 200 patients reveals no statistically significant differences in the study parameter ... | 1992 | 1617932 |
| antibacterial activity of cefixime against streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and haemophilus influenzae in the presence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | we measured the sizes of the inhibition zones of oral beta-lactam antibiotics for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and haemophilus influenzae in the presence of beta-lactamase-producing-moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis by the agar double-layer method. the sizes of the zones of amoxicillin for s. pneumoniae alone were the largest, followed in a descending order by those of cefixime and cefaclor. in the presence of 10(7) cfu/ml of m.(b.) catarrhalis, however, significant reducti ... | 1992 | 1618001 |
| in vitro activity of a new broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral cephalosporin, cefixime, in comparison with other drugs, against haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. | cefixime, a new orally absorbed iminomethoxyaminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was tested against some microorganisms involved in upper and lower respiratory tract infections such as haemophilus (influenzae and parainfluenzae), moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated in the period from november 1990 to april 1991. its activity was compared to nine other antimicrobial agents: erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, ceftazidime, c ... | 1992 | 1618002 |
| killing rate and growth rate comparison for newer beta-lactamase-stable oral beta-lactams against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | a new method of data presentation that takes into account the relationship between growth and killing rate was used to evaluate the comparative in vitro bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, cefixime and an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination against streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. for each strain, the viable count decrease (log cfu/ml) after 6 h of exposure to different antibiotic concentrations w ... | 1992 | 1618006 |
| the segregation of a translocation t(1;4) in two male carriers heterozygous for the translocation. | we examined the meiotic segregation pattern of a t(1;4)(p36.2;q31.3) reciprocal translocation in two male cousins heterozygous for the translocation. the wife of subject 1 had four recognized spontaneous abortions and two carrier daughters, and the wife of subject 2 had three recognized spontaneous abortions and no live-born children. the results showed that subject 1 had an imbalance rate of 54% and subject 2 had an imbalance rate of 61% with respect to the translocation. this was not statistic ... | 1992 | 1618491 |
| the segregation of a translocation t(1;4) in two male carriers heterozygous for the translocation. | we examined the meiotic segregation pattern of a t(1;4)(p36.2;q31.3) reciprocal translocation in two male cousins heterozygous for the translocation. the wife of subject 1 had four recognized spontaneous abortions and two carrier daughters, and the wife of subject 2 had three recognized spontaneous abortions and no live-born children. the results showed that subject 1 had an imbalance rate of 54% and subject 2 had an imbalance rate of 61% with respect to the translocation. this was not statistic ... | 1992 | 1618491 |
| the cdna for the type i iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase encodes an enzyme manifesting both high km and low km activity. evidence that rat liver and kidney contain a single enzyme which converts thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. | the enzymatic conversion of thyroxine (t4) to 3,5,3-triiodothyronine (t3) by iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase(s) is an obligate step in the physiologic action of thyroid hormones in most extrathyroidal tissues. in the rat liver and kidney, 5'-deiodinase processes having either high km (micromolar range) or low km (nanomolar range) values for thyroid hormone substrates have been described. the number of enzymes mediating these reactions, however, remains uncertain and controversial. to examine this qu ... | 1992 | 1618759 |
| evidence for adp-ribosylation factor (arf) as a regulator of in vitro endosome-endosome fusion. | we have used an in vitro endosome fusion assay, recombinant arf, synthetic peptides, and guanosine 5'-3-o-(thio)triphosphate (gtp gamma s) to study the role of arf during endocytosis. previous work has shown that gtp gamma s stimulates in vitro endosome fusion in dilute cytosol (less than 0.5 mg/ml) but inhibits fusion in concentrated cytosol (greater than 1.0 mg/ml). two peptides corresponding to the nh2-terminal 16 amino acids of human arf1 and arf4 blocked gtp gamma s stimulation of fusion in ... | 1992 | 1618802 |
| partial characterization of the major lipooligosaccharide from a strain of haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid, a genital ulcer disease. | the first preliminary structure of a surface lipooligosaccharide from haemophilus ducreyi has been determined. the major oligosaccharide was released by mild acid hydrolysis and analyzed by liquid secondary ion and tandem mass spectrometry. the mass spectral data combined with composition and methylation analysis yielded the most probable structure; gal1----4glcnac1----3gal1----4hep1----6glc1----( hep1----2hep1----)3,4hep1---- kdo, where the reducing terminal 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (or ... | 1992 | 1618845 |
| determination of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae susceptibility to ampicillin and other antibiotics. | a sample comprising 40 h. influenzae and 74 h. parainfluenzae strains was used to verify methods for determining susceptibility to antibiotics. modified levinthal agar proved to be suitable for the agar dilution and agar diffusion method, while brain heart infusion with the thermally released components of sheep blood (x and v factor) and lysed horse blood performed well in the dilution micromethod. the iodometric method served well for beta-lactamase production. a substantial proportion of stra ... | 1992 | 1619296 |
| [mixed community-acquired pneumonia due to anaerobic bacteria]. | | 1992 | 1620956 |
| severity and frequency of sequelae of bacterial meningitis in alaska native infants. correlation with a scoring system for severity of sequelae. | to (1) determine the frequency and severity of sequelae of haemophilus influenzae type b and streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in alaska native children, (2) compare morbidity and mortality of h influenzae b and s pneumoniae meningitis, and (3) evaluate the applicability of the herson-todd prognostic score (htps) to both h influenzae b and s pneumoniae meningitis in this population. | 1992 | 1621657 |
| acute bronchitis: results of u.s. and european trials of antibiotic therapy. | acute bronchitis, an illness frequently encountered by primary-care physicians, is an inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree that results from a respiratory tract infection. it is characterized by persistent cough and sputum production and is occasionally accompanied by fever and/or chest pain. acute bronchitis may have a viral or bacterial origin and is often treated with antibiotics. four clinical trials were conducted to compare high and low doses of loracarbef, a new oral beta-lactam anti ... | 1992 | 1621745 |
| in vitro activity of loracarbef and effects of susceptibility test methods. | loracarbef is a new oral antimicrobial of the carbacephem class with in vitro activity against the common pathogens associated with skin infections, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infections, and urinary tract infections. a review of the literature shows the following ranges for 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) values (microgram/ml) against the organisms that commonly cause these illnesses: streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.25-2.0; moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis (beta-lacta ... | 1992 | 1621748 |
| bactericidal titers of loracarbef (ly 163892) in serum and killing rates in volunteers receiving 400 versus 200 milligrams. | in a randomized crossover trial, six volunteers received 200- and 400-mg doses of loracarbef (ly 163892), a new oral cephalosporin. mean +/- standard error of the mean concentrations in serum obtained after 1.5 and 3 h were 13.2 +/- 2.8 and 4.3 +/- 0.7 mg/liter, respectively, after the 400-mg dose and 6.9 +/- 1.0 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 mg/liter, respectively, after the 200-mg dose. bactericidal reciprocal titers measured against respiratory pathogens in serum suggested that loracarbef would be highly e ... | 1992 | 1622160 |
| duration of rifampin chemoprophylaxis for contacts of patients infected with haemophilus influenzae type b. | rifampin is recommended as a prophylactic treatment for intimate contacts of young children who develop invasive infections with haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). a 4-day course of rifampin (20 mg/kg of body weight per day, not to exceed 600 mg as a maximum single daily dose) is 95% effective in eradicating pharyngeal colonization with hib, thus effectively reducing the risk of both associated patients and recurrent illness in index patients less than 2 years old. this study compares rates of ... | 1992 | 1622163 |
| antimicrobial resistance in haemophilus influenzae from england and scotland in 1991. | twenty-two laboratories in england and scotland sent 2212 clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae to the london hospital medical college (lhmc) between 1 january and 31 march 1991. after confirmation of identity, the prevalence of resistance was determined and compared with results from previous similar surveys. beta-lactamase was produced by 8.3% of non-capsulate isolates and 21% of 52 type b isolates; both figures were higher than the 6% and 18% figures recorded, respectively, in 1986. the ... | 1992 | 1624392 |
| timing of the booster dose with haemophilus polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with neisseria outer-membrane protein. | | 1992 | 1625087 |
| cytopathic effect of haemophilus ducreyi for human foreskin cell culture. | an explant adult foreskin cell culture (fs2-3) was compared with human lung carcinoma cell culture (a549) with regard to the ability of haemophilus ducreyi to produce a cytopathic effect. the survival of h. ducreyi for up to 26 days in fs2-3 cells was far greater than in any previously described in-vitro culture system. h. ducreyi survived for up to 7 days in a549 cells. the h. ducreyi cells grew and formed "fungal-like" microcolonies on the eukaryotic monolayer. portions of the microcolonies re ... | 1992 | 1625315 |
| antibiotic treatment failures in acute otitis media. | | 1992 | 1625940 |
| review of behavior on a disk from cms academic software: instructional programs for teaching teachers. | the programs on boad represent a set of useful simulations and demonstrations of learning phenomena that successfully convey important practical and theoretical information to students. the most successful modules deal with shaping and the selective effect of positive reinforcement on behavior. the range of examples is sufficiently broad to convey the generality of these learning phenomena, but the graphics and particular examples are better suited to the college classroom (for which they were d ... | 1992 | 1626085 |
| inhibition of lymphoproliferation by middle ear effusion in experimental otitis media. | in this study, experimental otitis media was created in the chinchilla by direct middle ear challenge with escherichia coli endotoxin, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. the effusions recovered from the chinchillas in all four challenge groups were shown to inhibit the lymphoproliferative response of chinchilla peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. the effect was dose dependent, and for effusions of infectious origin, the d ... | 1992 | 1627298 |
| prevalences and perceptions of licit and illicit drugs among new south wales secondary school students, 1989. | this paper presents findings on drug prevalences for licit and illicit drugs among new south wales secondary school students (n = 3753) in late 1989. it also considers the accuracy of students' perceptions of the drug causing the most and fewest drug-related deaths. data were analysed by age and gender, using logistic regression for the prevalence data. findings indicate that licit drugs (tobacco, alcohol and analgesics) were the most frequently and widely used. rates for illicit drugs were low, ... | 1992 | 1627711 |
| enteroviral meningitis following haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. | | 1992 | 1628476 |
| acute suppurative parotitis in a middle-aged woman. | | 1992 | 1629266 |
| investigation of ampicillin-intermediate strains of haemophilus influenzae by using the disk diffusion procedure and current national committee for clinical laboratory standards guidelines. | it was noted in our laboratory that certain strains of haemophilus influenzae yielded zone sizes interpreted as resistant to the ampicillin (amp) disk on chocolate-mueller-hinton agar (cmh) but showed no evidence of beta-lactamase (beta-lac) activity. although it is known that a second mechanism of amp resistance exists, strains with this mechanism are uncommon. to investigate this apparent discrepancy, a study of 100 consecutive clinical isolates of h. influenzae collected over a 6-month period ... | 1992 | 1629320 |
| outer membrane protein subtypes of haemophilus influenzae type b isolates causing invasive disease in victoria, australia, from 1988 to 1990. | outer membrane protein subtyping of 187 isolates of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), isolated from children with invasive hib disease in victoria, australia, showed that a single outer membrane protein subtype (1va) was responsible for 83% of the infections. it was identical to that responsible for the majority of cases of invasive hib disease in europe. | 1992 | 1629347 |
| effect of haemin limitation on the cytochrome complement and glucose metabolism of non-typable haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae grown to exponential phase or stationary phase in medium with a low initial concentration of haemin (0.25 microgram/ml) was virtually devoid of cytochromes. compared with bacteria grown in the presence of excess haemin (10 micrograms/ml), the haemin-limited organisms failed to respire formate and succinate and, generally, the respiratory rates with other substrates were reduced. however, growth rates were not affected by the haemin supply. haemin-limited growth was associa ... | 1992 | 1629899 |
| [clinical study of respiratory infection due to branhamella catarrhalis using transtracheal aspiration]. | we clinically investigated 40 cases of respiratory infection due to b. catarrhalis by transtracheal aspiration (tta). the cases consisted of acute bronchitis (13 cases), pneumonia (14 cases), and chronic lower respiratory tract infection (13 cases). the infection was monomicrobial in 17 cases and polymicrobial in 23 cases with respect to the organisms isolated from tta. the principal organisms isolated in combination with b. catarrhalis in cases of polymicrobial infection were s. pneumoniae and ... | 1992 | 1630054 |
| efficacy of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in massachusetts children 18 to 59 months of age. | since 1987 haemophilus influenzae b (hib) conjugate vaccines have been licensed for use in children ages 18 months and older. before licensure there were no clinical trials of a single dose of any conjugate vaccine in children ages 18 months or older. to fulfill this need we performed an age- and residence-matched case-control study of the efficacy of hib vaccines. in our study population the protective efficacy (pe) of hib-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine was 88% (95% confidence interval, 45 ... | 1992 | 1630857 |
| the predominant microflora of the palatal mucosa in an elderly island population. | the prevalence and microbiology of macrophotographically documented denture stomatitis were studied in denture wearers participating in an interdisciplinary health-monitoring project (koster health project) on the koster islands, sweden. upper dentures were used by 26.6% of the adult population, and 59.2% of the denture wearers had stomatitis. denture stomatitis type i was identified as sialadenitis. the more severe forms of denture stomatitis (types ii and iii) demonstrated increased recovery o ... | 1992 | 1632207 |
| acute laryngitis in adults: results of erythromycin treatment. | previous studies of acute laryngitis in adults have shown high nasopharyngeal isolation rates of b. catarrhalis and h. influenzae. phenoxymethylpenicillin had no effect on the clinical course. in the present study, 106 patients with acute laryngitis were treated with erythromycin 0.5 g x 2 v or placebo. during the first week the isolation rate of b. catarrhalis was reduced from 60 to 10% in the erythromycin group compared to 34 to 27% in the placebo group (p less than 0.01). the elimination of h ... | 1992 | 1632252 |
| carbohydrate composition analysis of bacterial polysaccharides: optimized acid hydrolysis conditions for hpaec-pad analysis. | the capsular polysaccharide from haemophilus influenzae type b (polyribosyl ribitol-phosphate; prp) and the capsular polysaccharides from streptococcus pneumoniae types 6b, 14, 18c, and 23f (pn6b, pn14, pn18c, and pn23f) were subjected to acid hydrolysis using hydrofluoric (hf) and/or trifluoroacetic acid (tfa) and high-ph anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection in an effort to identify optimum hydrolysis conditions for composition analysis of their carbohydrate componen ... | 1992 | 1632523 |
| synthesis of p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl 2-acetamido-4-o-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy- beta-d-mannopyranosiduronic acid, an artificial antigen corresponding to a disaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae type e. | | 1992 | 1633601 |
| cefetamet pivoxil in community-acquired pneumonia: an overview. | a total of 305 patients with community-acquired pneumonia have participated in comparative or non-comparative studies involving cefetamet pivoxil. of these, 211 (55 adults and 156 children) were involved in a series of open, prospective, comparator-controlled, multi-centre studies. adults were randomized to receive either cefetamet pivoxil 1000 mg twice daily or amoxycillin 750 mg 3-times daily for 10 days. children received either cefetamet pivoxil 10 mg/kg twice daily, cefetamet pivoxil 20 mg/ ... | 1992 | 1633721 |