| the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus facilitates virus attachment and infectivity via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f glycoprotein (rsv-f) can independently interact with immobilized heparin and facilitate both attachment to and infection of cells via an interaction with cellular heparan sulfate. rsv-glycosaminoglycan (gag) interactions were evaluated using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. rsv-f from a2- and b1/cp-52 (cp-52)-infected cell lysates, rsv-f derived from a recombinant vaccinia virus, and affinity-purified f protein all bound to and were specifically ... | 2000 | 10864656 |
| therapy for respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infancy and young children. no effective treatment for rsv lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lrti) exists. ribavirin initially proved to be an effective anti-viral drug for rsv-ltri. however, subsequently performed trials could not reproduce these positive results and, based on the current available evidence, there is no place for ribavirin in the routine treatment of rsv-ltri. th ... | 2000 | 10867842 |
| treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | this review discusses the current knowledge on treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in children. unfortunately, an effective therapy is not yet available. the efficacy of corticosteroids and bronchodilators has not yet been adequately documented and the use of ribavirin is only indicated in a highly selected group of high risk patients with t-cell immunodeficiency. the results of studies on the efficacy of vitamin a, interferon and antibiotics showed disappoin ... | 2000 | 10867843 |
| respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. | the acute respiratory illnesses are the most common type of acute illness in the united states today. the respiratory viruses--which include influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses--cause the majority of these illnesses. some of these viruses cause illness throughout the year, whereas others are most common in winter. all population groups experience these infections and illnesses. as the number of elderly persons ... | 1997 | 10868136 |
| community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer. | community respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and picornaviruses, are an important cause of respiratory disease in the immunocompromised adult with cancer. recent studies have demonstrated that a minimum of 31% of adult bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients and 18% of adults with leukemia who are hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness have a community respiratory virus infection. the temporal occurrence ... | 1997 | 10868137 |
| community respiratory viruses in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | respiratory viruses, particularly influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses, are ubiquitous pathogens among humans, especially among young children. however, relatively little is known about the impact of these common infections on individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a review of the literature identifies three key areas that need further exploration. first, moderate-to-severe and even fatal lower respiratory viral illnesses ... | 1997 | 10868138 |
| respiratory virus infections after marrow transplant: the fred hutchinson cancer research center experience. | respiratory virus infections are becoming increasingly appreciated causes of morbidity and mortality in bone marrow transplant recipients. fred hutchinson cancer research center (fhcrc) has had considerable experience with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza, influenza, and rhinovirus infections in these patients over the past decade. overall, rsv accounted for the majority of community-acquired respiratory virus infections (35%), followed by parainfluenza virus (30%), rhinovirus (2 ... | 1997 | 10868139 |
| community respiratory viruses: organ transplant recipients. | respiratory infections are common after solid organ transplantation, but the significance of community respiratory viral infections in this patient population has not been determined. review of the literature indicates that infection of organ transplant recipients by community respiratory viruses can result in significant morbidity with some associated mortality. these viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus (piv), influenza virus, and adenovirus. as in normal host ... | 1997 | 10868140 |
| respiratory virus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients: the european perspective. | the role of respiratory viruses in severe complications following bone marrow transplantation was examined in a survey of selected transplant centers in europe belonging to the european group for blood and marrow transplantation. information was collected on 57 cases of infections with respiratory viruses, including adenoviruses. in two centers that had conducted prospective studies of bone marrow recipients with respiratory symptoms, the frequency of these infections was 7.1% and 4%, respective ... | 1997 | 10868142 |
| infection control of nosocomial respiratory viral disease in the immunocompromised host. | among immunocompromised adults, such as bone marrow transplant recipients, more than half of respiratory viral infections are complicated by pneumonia, with an associated mortality rate > 50%. nosocomial transmission of respiratory viral pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza, in the immunocompromised patient has been reported frequently and usually occurs during a community outbreak. in view of the poor outcome in this subset of patients, intensive efforts should be ... | 1997 | 10868143 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses in immunocompromised patients. | immunocompromised patients are vulnerable to severe infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza viruses (piv), and therefore prevention and treatment strategies must be considered. the prevention of rsv disease with high-titer rsv-specific immune globulin has been documented in very young children but has not been systematically studied in high-risk adults. vaccines against rsv and piv are under development, but their use in immunocompromised patients is problematic. ri ... | 1997 | 10868145 |
| acute laryngotracheobronchitis in nigerian children. | in a prospective study of cases of severe acute respiratory infections seen at the university college hospital, ibadan over a 30-month period, 39 cases were found to have acute upper airway obstruction; out of this number, acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) accounted for 35 (90%). the ages of the 35 ranged from 2 to 53 months with 86% being less than 3 years old, while there was a male preponderance (m:f ratio, 1.7:1). croup was associated with bronchopneumonia in 29%, measles in 2.9%, and w ... | 1999 | 10876722 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in southern austria. | | 2000 | 10877189 |
| [nutritional status and clinical evolution of hospitalized chilean infants with infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)]. | respiratory syncycial virus (rsv) is the first cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in chilean infants. a significant impact of nutrition on clinical course of these infections has been described. in order to analyze the association between nutritional status (ns) and clinical course of infants hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection due to rsv, 130 infants (mean age 5.8 +/- 4.9 m) without chronic diseases, admitted to hospital with confirmed rsv infection, were stu ... | 1999 | 10883296 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is now recognized as a significant problem in certain adult populations. these include the elderly, persons with cardiopulmonary diseases, and immunocompromised hosts. epidemiological evidence indicates that the impact of rsv in older adults may be similar to that of nonpandemic influenza. in addition, rsv has been found to cause 2 to 5% of adult community-acquired pneumonias. attack rates in nursing homes are approximately 5 to 10% per year, with significant ra ... | 2000 | 10885982 |
| pseudorabies virus glycoprotein m inhibits membrane fusion. | a transient transfection-fusion assay was established to investigate membrane fusion mediated by pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins. plasmids expressing prv glycoproteins under control of the immediate-early 1 promoter-enhancer of human cytomegalovirus were transfected into rabbit kidney cells, and the extent of cell fusion was quantitated 27 to 42 h after transfection. cotransfection of plasmids encoding prv glycoproteins b (gb), gd, gh, and gl resulted in formation of polykaryocytes, as ha ... | 2000 | 10888614 |
| effect of coexpression of interleukin-2 by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus on virus replication, immunogenicity, and production of other cytokines. | we constructed rrsv/mil-2, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rrsv) containing the coding sequence of murine interleukin-2 (mil-2) in a transcription cassette inserted into the g-f intergenic region. the recovered virus (rrsv/mil-2) expressed high levels (up to 2.8 microg/ml) of mil-2 in cell culture. replication of rrsv/mil-2 in vitro was reduced up to 13.6-fold from that of wild-type (wt) rrsv, an effect that was due to the presence of the foreign insert but was not specific to mil-2. ... | 2000 | 10888656 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with deletions in the ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2 genes are attenuated in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes several proteins that lack well-defined functions; these include ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2. previous work has demonstrated that ns2, sh, and m2-2 can each be deleted from rsv genome and thus are considered as accessory proteins. to determine whether rsv can replicate efficiently when two or more transcriptional units are deleted, we removed ns1, ns2, sh, and m2-2 genes individually and in different combinations from an infectious cdna clone derived from hum ... | 2000 | 10891423 |
| increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. | to determine the burden of viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections (slrti) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected (hiv+) and hiv-uninfected (hiv-) urban black south african children. | 2000 | 10891826 |
| evaluation of the measurement of leukotriene b4 concentrations in exhaled condensate as a noninvasive method for assessing mediators of inflammation in the lungs of calves. | to determine whether measurement of an inflammatory mediator in exhaled condensate could provide a noninvasive method for evaluating lungs of calves. | 2000 | 10895893 |
| epidemiological investigation of nine respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children in germany using multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | the aim of this study was to generate urgently needed data on respiratory pathogens in german children using an economical and efficient tool. nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized children 0-16 years of age with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by a nine-valent multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. of 1281 children, 449 (35%) had an acute respiratory tract infection caused by at least one of the organisms studied; there were 29 cases of dual infection. at ... | 2000 | 10898133 |
| type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors attenuate respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and lung eosinophilia. | viral respiratory infections are considered one of the triggers of exacerbations of asthma. in a model of virus-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (ahr), mice infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were shown to develop ahr accompanied by lung eosinophilia. inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) have been shown to affect airway responsiveness and pulmonary allergic inflammation. in this study, we assessed the effects of type 4 pde (pde4) inhibitors on ahr followi ... | 2000 | 10900250 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalised with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | data are lacking on respiratory syncytial virus. (rsv) respiratory tract infections in children from developing countries. | 2000 | 10901825 |
| ribavarin in ventilated respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | | 2000 | 10903266 |
| hospitalisation for rsv infection in ex-preterm infants-implications for use of rsv immune globulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) specific immune globulin is now being marketed for prevention of rsv infection in ex-preterm infants. however, there are no published uk data on the morbidity or mortality from rsv in these infants. | 2000 | 10906017 |
| characterization of a novel respiratory syncytial virus-specific human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of morbidity in childhood worldwide. the first human rsv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope to be defined is described. this hla b7-restricted epitope in nucleoprotein (np) was detectable in four healthy, b7-positive adult subjects using b7-rsv-np tetrameric complexes to stain cd8(+) t cells. | 2000 | 10906229 |
| another 2-way mlv vaccine against agents of bovine respiratory disease. | | 2000 | 10907573 |
| characterization of acute interstitial pneumonia in cattle in southern alberta feedyards. | field data were collected over 2 consecutive years to characterize acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) in feedyard cattle. thirty-eight cattle with clinical symptoms of aip were examined following emergency slaughter; 31 (all heifers) were confirmed to have aip on the basis of gross and histological lung pathology. the 7 without aip, plus 17 asymptomatic penmates, were used as contemporary controls. plasma concentrations of 3-methylindole (3mi) metabolites were higher (p < 0.001) in heifers affli ... | 2000 | 10907577 |
| the role of viruses in development or exacerbation of atopic asthma. | respiratory viral infections in early childhood have been linked to the development of persistent wheezing and asthma. epidemiologic data indicate that, for the majority of children, virus-induced wheezing is a self-limited condition, with no long-term consequences. for a substantial minority, however, virus-induced wheezing is associated with persistent asthma and the potential for enhanced allergic sensitization. for the most part, this subset of patients is genetically predisposed; they are a ... | 2000 | 10907588 |
| the role of respiratory viruses in acute and chronic asthma. | respiratory infections can have dual effects related to asthma. first, there is increasing evidence that severe infections with rsv and piv in infancy can alter lung development and physiology to increase the risks of subsequent wheezing and asthma. second, infections with common cold viruses and influenza commonly precipitate wheezing symptoms in children and adults who already have established asthma, and rv appears to be the most important virus in producing exacerbations of the disease. the ... | 2000 | 10907589 |
| [palivizumab--a monoclonal antibody for passive immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infections]. | rsv is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. the humanised monoclonal antibody has been developed for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by rsv. palivizumab specifically inhibits subtypes a and b. in a large, multicenter, double-blind, randomised trial in 1502 infants at high risk of rsv infection, intramuscular palivizumab 15 mg/kg reduced the incidence of rsv-attributable hospitalization by 55% compared with placebo. palivizumab was w ... | 2000 | 10909169 |
| recent advances in the understanding of childhood asthma. | the worldwide increase in diagnosed cases of asthma in the last 15 years, in spite of the better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the availability of more potent bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, has been the concern of clinicians worldwide. for pediatricians, it is most disturbing to learn that asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. in addition, asthma hospitalization rates are highest among children, and death rates from asthma are among the hig ... | 1999 | 10910604 |
| frequency of serological evidence of bordetella infections and mixed infections with other respiratory pathogens in university students with cough illnesses. | banked acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples from a previous study of respiratory illness in university students were examined for significant (>/=2-fold) increases in elisa titers of iga and igg antibody to bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae-2 and >/=4-fold titer increases to agglutinogens by agglutination. elisa titers of antibody to pertussis toxin could not be determined because of technical problems. chlamydia pneumoniae infections were diagno ... | 2000 | 10913388 |
| long-term effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants and young children: a quantitative review. | one of the major questions regarding long-term side effects of bronchiolitis by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is whether or not it induces asthma in later life. in this quantitative review, the data of 10 controlled studies are analysed. | 2000 | 10914957 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced chronic bronchiolitis in experimentally infected calves. | human (rsv) and bovine (brsv) respiratory syncytial virus cause similar infections of the lower respiratory tract. therefore, experimentally infected calves are suited to the study of rsv-induced chronic bronchiolitis. colostrum-fed calves aged 17-24 days were successfully infected with brsv. brsv strain 375 was applied as an aerosol on 4 consecutive days. clinical symptoms were already evident on the 1st day after infection. the calves were necropsied 12 weeks after the first infection. focal s ... | 2000 | 10917178 |
| rehospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants younger than 33 weeks of gestation: a prospective study. iris study group. | to collect data on hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and presumptive risk factors for rehospitalization among premature infants in spain. | 2000 | 10917214 |
| pre-emptive ribavirin for 'rsv' in bmt. | | 2000 | 10918415 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv): a review. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is the major cause of respiratory disease in calves during the first year of life. the study of the virus has been difficult because of its lability and very poor growth in cell culture. however, during the last decade, the introduction of new immunological and biotechnological techniques has facilitated a more extensive study of brsv as illustrated by the increasing number of papers published. despite this growing focus, many aspects of the pa ... | 2000 | 10920473 |
| clinical and financial benefits of rapid detection of respiratory viruses: an outcomes study. | to assess the expected benefits of rapid reporting of respiratory viruses, we compared patients whose samples were processed using standard techniques such as enzyme immunoassays, shell vial assays, and culture tube assays (year 1) to patients whose samples were processed with the same standard techniques in addition to immunofluorescent testing (fa) directly on cytocentrifuged samples (year 2). the cytospin fa screened for influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainflue ... | 2000 | 10921934 |
| long-term effects of prednisolone in the acute phase of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | follow-up studies have demonstrated that bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is strongly associated with wheezing in the ensuing years. during the acute infection the immune response may induce long-lasting detrimental effects, thereby contributing to post-bronchiolitis wheezing (pbw). therefore, immune-modulating drugs like corticosteroids, administered in the acute phase of rsv bronchiolitis, may prevent pbw and asthma. to evaluate this, we performed a controlled prospect ... | 2000 | 10922130 |
| novel pathways in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infections in infants and children. extensive research in past decades has expanded our knowledge regarding the specific mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis and subsequent chronic obstructive airway disease. studies of rsv infection are performed in humans, cell culture models, and animal models, each with their own specific limitations. a recently developed murine model in which pulmonary dysfunc ... | 2000 | 10922135 |
| ciliocytophthoria in clinical virology. | direct immunofluorescence assays (dfas) are used in the clinical virology laboratory for the rapid detection of viruses. an assessment of the cellularity of specimens submitted for dfa is necessary for the most effective use of this assay. this assessment ensures that an adequate number of the appropriate cells are present for examination. during this assessment, clinical virologists may encounter unfamiliar cellular elements or cellular fragments. one of these elements, ciliocytophthoria, has b ... | 2000 | 10923088 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in a general hospital and the need for extensive measures. | | 2000 | 10926389 |
| antiviral activity of nmso3 against respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | nmso3, a sulfated sialyl lipid was evaluated for its efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other myxovirus infections in cell culture. the median effective concentration (50% effective concentration, ec(50)) of nmso3 against replication of the long strain of rsv in hep-2 cells was 0.2 and 0.32 microm by optical elisa and the plaque reduction method, respectively. on the other hand, the corresponding values for ribavirin were 10.5 and 11.2 microm, respectively. nmso3 showed poten ... | 2000 | 10930645 |
| cleavage of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein is required for its surface expression: role of furin. | the fusion (f) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is synthesized as a nonfusogenic precursor protein (f(0)), which during its migration to the cell surface is activated by cleavage into the disulfide-linked f(1) and f(2) subunits. in the present study, soluble secreted human furin produced by a recombinant baculovirus cleaved rsv f(0) into proteins the size of f(1) and f(2). furthermore, cleavage of f(0) was partially inhibited in the furin defective lovo cell line, in calcium dep ... | 2000 | 10930660 |
| predominant type-2 response in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection demonstrated by cytokine flow cytometry. | acute rsv infection in infancy may produce some asthma-like symptoms and may be followed by a recurrent wheeze later in childhood. it has been proposed that rsv infection stimulates type-2 cytokine responses, resembling those found in atopy and asthma. peripheral blood cells were obtained from rsv-infected infants (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 10). after in vitro restimulation of the cells, intracellular il-4 and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) were measured by flow cytometry. the cells from r ... | 2000 | 10931150 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in the hospital setting: length of stay, charges, and mortality. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide. no vaccine against rsv is available, but prophylactic interventions have been shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. | 2000 | 10931416 |
| specific and nonspecific obstructive lung disease in childhood: causes of changes in the prevalence of asthma. | reversible airway obstruction in childhood includes two major groups of patients: those with recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis in early childhood, and those with allergic asthma, which represents an increasingly large proportion of cases through the school years. over the last 40 years of the 20th century, allergic asthma has increased in many countries and in relation to several different allergens. although this increase has differed in magnitude in different countries and also in the ... | 2000 | 10931791 |
| the role of viral infections in the natural history of asthma. | viral infections have been related to the inception of recurrent wheezing illnesses and asthma in infants and are probably the most frequent cause of exacerbations of established disease in older children and adults. the well-recognized clinical effects of viral infections are mainly caused by virus-induced immune responses. clinical studies of natural and experimentally induced viral infections have led to the identification of mechanisms of inflammation that could be involved in producing airw ... | 2000 | 10932062 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection in adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia]. | to determine the incidence and distribution of infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. | 2000 | 10932396 |
| [prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis in newborn infants with respiratory problems]. | the prevalence of c. trachomatis in neonates with respiratory distress was studied after 24 h of birth, nine patients were positive for c. trachomatis culture (12.9%). the chest radiographs showed six with hyaline membrane disease and two with pneumonia. one patient with treatment of ventilation mechanics developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia and was c. trachomatis positive in a second cell culture. of the nine patients with c. trachomatis, eight were neonates preterm with low weight to the birth ... | 1999 | 10932768 |
| critical roles for interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 during respiratory syncytial virus infection in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness after airway sensitization. | in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can enhance the consequences of allergic airway sensitization, resulting in lung eosinophilia and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) to inhaled methacholine (mch). to delineate a role for interleukin-5 (il-5), interleukin-4 (il-4), and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in mediating the effects of rsv infection on subsequent allergic sensitization, we treated balb/c mice with anti-il-5 during acute rsv infection but not during subse ... | 2000 | 10934057 |
| protective and harmful effects of viral infections in childhood on wheezing disorders and asthma. | | 2000 | 10934132 |
| bovine viral diarrhea viral infections in feeder calves with respiratory disease: interactions with pasteurella spp., parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in a group of stocker calves suffering from acute respiratory disease. the calves were assembled after purchase from tennessee auctions and transported to western texas. of the 120 calves, 105 (87.5%) were treated for respiratory disease. sixteen calves died during the study (13.3%). the calves received a modified live virus bhv-1 vaccine on day 0 of the study. during the study, approximately 5 wk in duration, sera fr ... | 2000 | 10935880 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis: impact on epidemiology. | to better understand the spectrum of disease among hospitalised children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and to assess the potential impact of passive immunoprophylaxis on rsv hospitalisation rates, we analysed all patients infected with rsv who were admitted to a paediatric teaching hospital over a 3-year period. | 2000 | 10937464 |
| [viral co-infections in immunocompetent infants with bronchiolitis: prospective epidemiologic study]. | the nature of viral infection was prospectively investigated in 202 immunocompetent infants with bronchiolitis. nasal aspirates were evaluated by immunofluorescence assay, viral isolation technique and polymerase-chain-reaction-hybridization assay. in 55 infants (27%) more than one respiratory virus were detected. a rotavirus was found in 40 infants (20%), without any relationship with the respiratory viral status, respiratory syncytial virus being the main virus (46/55), and the association of ... | 2000 | 10941476 |
| [relationship between respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and asthma]. | data of the literature over the last 20 years indicate that infantile asthma, although heterogeneous, often appears following rsv bronchiotitis, especially when sufficiently severe to justify hospitalisation. the risk of developing episodes of wheezing (bronchial obstruction syndrome) over the following 2 to 3 years is higher than 50%, but estimations vary according to the authors. functional disturbances (pulmonary distension, nonspecific bronchial hypperreactivity, hypoxia), with or without as ... | 2000 | 10941477 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised adults. | the past decade has witnessed a growing appreciation of the existence, frequency, and potential lethality of community respiratory virus infections such as rsv in some subsets of immunocompromised adults. the enigmatic "idiopathic pneumonia" and "pneumonia of unknown origin" have become more fathomable. as a result, a simple upper respiratory illness in a high-risk immunocompromised adult is no longer viewed as trivial. the paramount importance of simple hygienic practices has been underscored, ... | 2000 | 10943527 |
| promotion of respiratory health in utero and during infancy. | the antenatal period and infancy are critical times for lung growth; hence insults to the foetus and young child may have severe and chronic effects on respiratory function. this is highlighted by review of the morbidity associated with parental smoking, respiratory syncytial virus infection, premature birth and invasive antenatal procedures. promotion of respiratory health in utero and during infancy is possible by avoidance of such insults. this requires effective education about factors which ... | 2000 | 10948676 |
| domains of human respiratory syncytial virus p protein essential for homodimerization and for binding to n and ns1 protein. | in this report we used the two-hybrid technique to test for binding among human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) proteins involved in the control of viral replication. besides the expected positive interactions for the nucleoprotein (n) with itself and the phosphoprotein (p), our results also demonstrated p-p interaction and p-ns1 binding. however, no interactions have been detected for the matrix protein m, the m2-1 and the m2-2 protein neither with each other nor in combination with the phos ... | 2000 | 10949949 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in allergically sensitized mice is inhibited by live rsv and exacerbated by formalin-inactivated rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced disease is associated with recurrent episodes of wheezing in children, and an effective vaccine currently is not available. the use of 2 immunizations (a formalin-inactivated, alum-precipitated rsv vaccine [fi-rsv] given intramuscularly and live rsv given intranasally [lvin]), with a control immunization, were compared in a well-characterized model of rsv challenge, with or without concomitant allergic sensitization with ovalbumin. fi-rsv caused a signif ... | 2000 | 10950758 |
| oral immunization of mice with transgenic tomato fruit expressing respiratory syncytial virus-f protein induces a systemic immune response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important pathogens of infancy and early childhood. here a fruit-based edible subunit vaccine against rsv was developed by expressing the rsv fusion (f) protein gene in transgenic tomato plants. the f-gene was expressed in ripening tomato fruit under the control of the fruit-specific e8 promoter. oral immunization of mice with ripe transgenic tomato fruits led to the induction of both serum and mucosal rsv-f specific antibodies. the ratio of i ... | 2000 | 10951696 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 cooperatively antagonize alpha/beta interferon-induced antiviral response. | the functions of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 were studied by generation and analysis of recombinant brsv carrying single and double gene deletions. whereas in mdbk cells the lack of either or both ns genes resulted in a 5,000- to 10,000-fold reduction of virus titers, in vero cells a moderate (10-fold) reduction was observed. interestingly, cell culture supernatants from infected mdbk cells were able to restrain the growth of ns deletion mutants i ... | 2000 | 10954520 |
| synergistic upregulation of interleukin-8 secretion from pulmonary epithelial cells by direct and monocyte-dependent effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the major cause of severe bronchiolitis in infants. pathology of this infection is partly due to excessive proinflammatory leukocyte influx mediated by chemokines. although direct infection of the respiratory epithelium by rsv may induce chemokine secretion, little is known about the role of cytokine networks. we investigated the effects of conditioned medium (cm) from rsv-infected monocytes (rsv-cm) on respiratory epithelial (a549) cell chemokine r ... | 2000 | 10954542 |
| differential cytokine mrna expression in dermatophagoides farinae allergen-sensitized and respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. | the interaction between mite allergen sensitization and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection at the level of cytokine mrna expression was examined in a murine model in the present study. primary rsv infection enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines such as il-6, ifn-gamma, and eotaxin in the lung and upregulates the expression of th2-like cytokines il-10 and il-13 in the spleen in balb/c mice. mite antigen-sensitized and rsv-infected (asrsv) mice show enhanced (p < 0.05) total serum ... | 2000 | 10955955 |
| procoagulant activity of endothelial cells after infection with respiratory viruses. | influenza virus epidemics are associated with excess mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. there are several case reports of excessive coagulation during generalised influenza virus infection. in this study, we demonstrate the ability of respiratory viruses (influenza a, influenza b, parainfluenza-1, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus) to infect lung fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. all viral pathogens induced procoagulant activity in i ... | 2000 | 10959707 |
| from chimpanzee coryza to palivizumab: changing times for respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2000 | 10959757 |
| immunology of respiratory syncytial virus infection: eosinophils, cytokines, chemokines and asthma. | | 2000 | 10959758 |
| therapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 2000 | 10959759 |
| immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | | 2000 | 10959760 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccines: recent developments. | | 2000 | 10959761 |
| palivizumab and rsv prevention. | | 2000 | 10960341 |
| palivizumab and rsv prevention. | | 2000 | 10960342 |
| immune-mediated disease pathogenesis in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in persons at both extremes of age. wheezing is a cardinal sign of infection and the illness is associated with an increased incidence of childhood asthma. data from both humans and animal models have linked severe disease in infants and the syndrome of vaccine-enhanced illness with an aberrant composition of cd4+ t cells, suggestive of an exaggerated th2 response. studies in murine models have shown that prior ... | 2000 | 10960663 |
| response of the ruminant respiratory tract to mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica. | pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world. mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of domestic ruminants and causes serious outbreaks of acute pneumonia in neonatal, weaned and growing lambs, calves, and goats. m. haemolytica is also an important cause of pneumonia in adult animals. transportation, viral infections with agents such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus or ... | 2000 | 10967288 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of infection control. | to determine the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of an infection control program to reduce nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transmission in a large pediatric hospital. | 2000 | 10969097 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in children's wards. | during community outbreak, nosocomial infections caused by both groups (a and b) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occur as the most common nosocomial infections at pediatric wards. rsv cross-infection is considered to have taken place when a child acquires an infection after being in the ward longer than 7 days, and its frequency at the ward could be calculated in several ways. that frequency ranges worldwide between 30% and 70% in neonatal units, and between 20% and 40% at pediatric wards. ... | 2000 | 10974574 |
| time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infants. | | 2000 | 10976823 |
| time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infants. | the time course of intensive care for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract illness may be predicted by the severity of gas exchange during the first 48 h of mechanical ventilation. to test this hypothesis, two studies were undertaken in rsv-positive mechanically ventilated patients who did not have chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease or immunodeficiency. first, a retrospective criteria-generating review of 45 infants was carried out. in these infants, more ... | 2000 | 10976834 |
| viral rna in middle ear mucosa and exudates in patients with chronic otitis media with effusion. | to evaluate viral and cytokine signaling correlates of the persistent inflammation associated with chronic otitis media with effusion (ome). | 2000 | 10979124 |
| cytokeratin 17 is expressed in cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus via nf-kappab activation and is associated with the formation of cytopathic syncytia. | we used differential display to detect enhanced expression of an mrna fragment encoding cytokeratin 17 (ck-17) in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected epithelial cells. expression increased 12-fold by 96 h after infection but remained unchanged in cells challenged with virus in the presence of neutralizing anti-rsv fusion protein antibody. immunoblots of rsv-infected cell lysates probed with an anti-keratin antibody demonstrated stable expression of total cytokeratins over time. when probe ... | 2000 | 10979895 |
| pertussis toxin sensitization alters the pathogenesis of subsequent respiratory syncytial virus infection. | evidence suggests that both host and viral factors influence disease severity after infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). to characterize the effects of pertussis toxin (pt) sensitization on subsequent rsv infection, balb/c mice were treated with pt parenterally before rsv challenge. priming with purified and detoxified pt before rsv challenge increased postchallenge weight loss and mortality. pt priming changed the kinetics, location, and composition of the cellular infiltrate in th ... | 2000 | 10979896 |
| conservation of the respiratory syncytial virus sh gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes a short (64 or 65 amino acids) hydrophobic (sh) protein whose function in viral replication and pathogenesis is not understood. we carried out molecular epidemiological studies of the sh gene during the 1998-1999 seasonal epidemic in new haven, connecticut. strains circulating during the epidemic were related to viruses identified worldwide. the sh gene transcriptional control signals were conserved in 70 (98.6%) of 71 isolates that we sequenced. the ded ... | 2000 | 10979923 |
| wheezing following lower respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a in infancy. | we examined the incidence of subsequent wheezing in 292 children, hospitalized for influenza a or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection, during two consecutive seasons (november-december, 1993 and march-april, 1995). questionnaires concerning episodes of wheezing and known risk factors for wheezy bronchitis were mailed to parents 1 year after hospitalization. sixty per cent of parents reported two or more episodes of wheezing following either influenza a or rsv. hos ... | 2000 | 10981530 |
| inhaled corticosteroids during and after respiratory syncytial virus-bronchiolitis may decrease subsequent asthma. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy can lead to bronchial hyper-reactivity or recurrent obstructive bronchitis. the aim of the present study was to determine whether the type of treatment has an influence on respiratory status after rsv bronchiolitis. the study involved 117 infants (mean age 2.6 months), who needed hospital treatment because of rsv bronchiolitis. the patients were divided randomly into three groups. all received the same symptomatic treatment. group i chil ... | 2000 | 10981531 |
| recombinant respiratory syncytial virus that does not express the ns1 or m2-2 protein is highly attenuated and immunogenic in chimpanzees. | mutant recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) which cannot express the ns1 and m2-2 proteins, designated ra2deltans1 and ra2deltam2-2, respectively, were evaluated as live-attenuated rsv vaccines. the ra2deltans1 virus contains a large deletion that should have the advantageous property of genetic stability during replication in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, ra2deltans1 replicated approximately 10-fold less well than wild-type recombinant rsv (ra2), while ra2deltam2-2 had delayed growth ... | 2000 | 10982380 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in patients with congenital heart disease: a contemporary look at epidemiology and success of preoperative screening. | awareness of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as a serious pathogen in the child with congenital heart disease is increasing. we studied the impact of rsv lower respiratory tract disease on patients in a large academic pediatric cardiology practice. we found that rsv disease necessitating hospitalization occurs in congenital heart disease patients well into the second year of life. although pulmonary hypertension remains a significant risk factor for morbidity in these patients, it does not app ... | 2000 | 10982701 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection among young children with acute respiratory tract infection in iraq. | the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection was assessed among 516 children under 5 years with acute respiratory infection and 57 control children free of respiratory infection to determine its relation to epidemiological variables. respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 188 (37.6%) children with acute respiratory infection and in none of the control group. the infection was highest in those with severe acute respiratory infection, particularly severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia ... | 1999 | 10983533 |
| [treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised hematological patients]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) accounts for considerable morbidity among infants and elderly, that are otherwise immunocompetent. immunocompromised haematological patients--in particular bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients with leukopenia--are at high risk for severe, usually fatal, rsv-pneumonia. no randomized, placebo-controlled studies of aerosolized ribavirin for bmt patients with rsv-pneumonia have been conducted, or can be anticipated. we summarize existing case reports providing ci ... | 2000 | 10986889 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the "cold war" has not ended. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards during its annual outbreaks. it produces significant morbidity in young children and is most severe in those with underlying conditions, especially cardiopulmonary and immunosuppressive diseases. in older patients, rsv may exacerbate an underlying condition or pulmonary and cardiac manifestations. on transplant units, of rsv may be occult and is associated with high mortality rates. the manifestations of nosocomial ... | 2000 | 10987726 |
| viruses and atopic sensitization in the first years of life. | | 2000 | 10988160 |
| viral infections and childhood asthma. | | 2000 | 10988163 |
| in vitro growth profiles of respiratory syncytial virus in the presence of influenza virus. | to elucidate epidemiological interference between respiratory syncytial (rsv) and influenza viruses, the influence of influenza a (hln1) virus on the growth of rsv was examined. although rsv grew in mdck cells, coinfection with influenza a virus led to a reduction of progeny rsv. the degree of growth interference depended on the time of infection with influenza a virus post infection (p.i.) with rsv. in fact, infection with influenza a virus 12 hrs p.i. with rsv did not influence growth of the l ... | 2000 | 10989700 |
| [influenza: is it time for mass immunization of healthy infants?]. | | 2000 | 10991721 |
| infant air travel, bronchiolitis, and the environment. | | 2000 | 10991753 |
| dna encoding the attachment (g) or fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protection in the absence of pulmonary inflammation. | significant protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was induced in mice vaccinated intramuscularly (i.m.) with dna encoding the f or g protein of rsv. the amounts of igg1 of igg2a antibodies in mice immunized with dna-g alone were similar. however, the antibody response in mice co-immunized with dna-g and dna encoding il-4 (dna-il-4) was strongly biased towards igg1. in contrast, the antibody response in mice co-immunized with dna-g and dna-il-2, -il-12 or-ifn-gamma was bi ... | 2000 | 10993942 |
| heptad-repeat regions of respiratory syncytial virus f1 protein form a six-membered coiled-coil complex. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusogenic glycoprotein f(1) was characterized using biochemical and biophysical techniques. two heptad-repeat (hr) regions within f(1) were shown to interact. proteinase-k digestion experiments highlight the hr1 region (located proximal to the fusion peptide sequence) of the f(1) protein to which an hr2-derived (located proximal to the membrane-spanning domain) peptide binds, thus protecting both the protein and peptide from digestion. solution-phase analysi ... | 2000 | 10995236 |
| antibodies for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. | this paper reviews current use and evolving role of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody products for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. antibodies continue to be indicated for prophylaxis either prior to an anticipated exposure especially in situations of travel, or more commonly following an exposure. the predominant indication for use of antibody products is to prevent infection. with the availability of vaccines for the prevention of chickenpox, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, measles, ... | 2000 | 10996394 |
| severe bronchiolitis in malaysian children. | twenty-two (42 per cent) out of 52 patients admitted with severe bronchiolitis to our paediatric intensive care unit required ventilation. risk factors associated with ventilation included a younger mean age, female sex, low birthweight, failure to thrive and the presence of an underlying illness. ventilated patients were also more likely to have a higher respiratory distress assessment index (rdai) score, pneumonic infiltration on chest x-ray, lower serum sodium and a positive respiratory syncy ... | 2000 | 10996986 |
| the effect of passive smoking on the development of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | in spite of the increasing evidence that passive smoking increases the incidence of respiratory infections and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, the information about whether exposure to sudden heavy smoke enhances the development of acute respiratory infections in children remains inadequate. in this study, to quantitate the level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, in 28 children (age ranging 2-18 months) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and in 30 children (age rangin ... | 2000 | 10997834 |