| ciliated protozoan fauna in the forestomach of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in libya. | species composition and distribution of ciliated protozoa obtained from the forestomach of 20 dromedary camels living in zawiya, libya were examined. nineteen species and 10 morphotypes belonging to eight genera were identified. the mean number of ciliates was 54.2 ± 32.9 × 104 cells ml-1 in the forestomach contents, and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 6.5 ± 2.9. entodinium and epidinium were the main genera, as these ciliates were found consistently at higher proportions than th ... | 2018 | 30313172 |
| donor sperm production in heterologous recipients by testis germ cell transplantation in the dromedary camel. | the object of this study was to investigate if testis germ cell transplantation (tgct) into a heterologous recipient would result in donor-origin spermatogenesis in the dromedary camel. first, we investigated a workable protocol for tgct in camels, including donor cell isolation, enrichment by density gradient centrifugation (percoll and bovicoll), rete testis injection and microsatellite detection of donor and recipient genotypes. second, the effects of three doses of dolichos biflorus agglutin ... | 2019 | 30309435 |
| monomeric camelus dromedarius gstm1 at low ph is structurally more thermostable than its native dimeric form. | glutathione s‒transferases (gsts) are multifunctional enzymes that play an important role in detoxification, cellular signalling, and the stress response. camelus dromedarius is well-adapted to survive in extreme desert climate and it has gsts, for which limited information is available. this study investigated the structure-function and thermodynamic properties of a mu-class camel gst (cdgstm1) at different ph. recombinant cdgstm1 (25.7 kda) was expressed in e. coli and purified to homogeneity. ... | 2018 | 30303997 |
| community structure and fibrolytic activities of anaerobic rumen fungi in dromedary camels. | anaerobic fungi colonize the rumen and degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, which enable them to be key players in the lignocellulose fermentation. consequently, an expansion of knowledge about rumen fungi could increase animal productivity, utilization of lignified forages like alfalfa hay, and enhance fibrolytic enzymes production. here, we used an internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) clone library to investigate the anaerobic rumen fungi in camel and to investigate their ability to produce ce ... | 2019 | 30303547 |
| ignatzschineria cameli sp. nov., isolated from necrotic foot tissue of dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) and associated maggots (wohlfahrtia species) in dubai. | five bacterial strains, uae-hku57t, uae-hku58, uae-hku59, uae-hku60 and uae-hku61, were isolated in dubai, uae, from necrotic foot tissue samples of four dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) and associated maggots (wohrlfartia species). they were non-sporulating, gram-negative, non-motile bacilli. they grew well under aerobic conditions at 37 °c, but not anaerobically. the ph range for growth was ph 7.0-9.0 (optimum, ph 7.5-8.0) and the strains could tolerate nacl concentrations (w/v) up to 2 % (op ... | 2018 | 30303475 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the novel cyp2j2 in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | although its economic, cultural and biological importance, many genes haven't been depicted, sequenced or analyzed to date for camelus dromedarius. in the present paper, the full-length c-dna of a novel cyp2j2 (genbank accession number mh511989) was cloned from liver, heart, and kidney mrna by race-pcr. the full-length c-dna of the cloned cyp2j2 was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics methods. the full-length c-dna sequence was 2135 bp with no introns. the open reading frame (orf) had 13 ... | 2018 | 30287372 |
| plasma disposition of cefoperazone after single intravenous and intramuscular administrations in camels (camelus dromedarius). | the plasma disposition of cefoperazone was investigated after intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administrations of 20 mg/kg as a single dose in six camels (camelus dromedarius) in a crossover design. blood plasma samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). after iv administration, elimination half-life (t1/2β), volume of distribution at steady state (vdss), total body clearance (cltot) and mean residence time (mrt) of cefoperazone were 1.95 h, 0.38 l/kg, 0.17 l/ ... | 2018 | 30264621 |
| molecular detection of novel genetic variants associated to anaplasma ovis among dromedary camels in iran. | to the best of our knowledge, little information is available regarding the presence of anaplasma species in camels in iran. this study sought to investigate the presence of anaplasma species by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays in 100 healthy dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) arriving for slaughter. the microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood films revealed that anaplasma like structures could be identified in the erythrocytes of two blood smears. to confirm the pres ... | 2018 | 30256034 |
| the influence of caffeine supplementation and concerted utilization of enzymatic and mechanical semen liquefaction on freezability of dromedary camel spermatozoa. | assisted reproductive technologies have been reported to improve reproductive efficiency and genetic potential in camelids. two experiments were carried out to determine efficiency of centrifugation in the presence of a mucolytic agent for liquefaction of dromedary semen. in the first experiment, three groups, namely: i. tris lactose (tl, control), ii. tris lactose supplemented with amylase (tl_a) and iii. tris lactose supplemented with amylase followed by seminal plasma removal via centrifugati ... | 2017 | 30255060 |
| knowledge and practices regarding middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus among camel handlers in a slaughterhouse, kenya, 2015. | dromedary camels are implicated as reservoirs for the zoonotic transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) with the respiratory route thought to be the main mode of transmission. knowledge and practices regarding mers among herders, traders and slaughterhouse workers were assessed at athi-river slaughterhouse, kenya. questionnaires were administered, and a check list was used to collect information on hygiene practices among slaughterhouse workers. of 22 persons, all ... | 2019 | 30238634 |
| mers: progress on the global response, remaining challenges and the way forward. | this article summarizes progress in research on middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) since a fao-oie-who global technical meeting held at who headquarters in geneva on 25-27 september 2017. the meeting reviewed the latest scientific findings and identified and prioritized the global activities necessary to prevent, manage and control the disease. critical needs for research and technical guidance identified during the meeting have been used to update the who r&d mers-cov roadmap for diagnosti ... | 2018 | 30236531 |
| genetic variants analysis of three dromedary camels using whole genome sequencing data. | whole genome wide identification and annotation of genetic variations in camels is in its first steps. the aim of this study was the identification of genome wide variants, functional annotations of them and enrichment analysis of affected genes using whole genome sequencing data of three dromedary camels. the genomes of two iranian female dromedary camels that mostly used to produce meat and milk were sequenced to 41.9-fold and 38.6-fold coverage. a total of 4,727,238 single-nucleotide polymorp ... | 2018 | 30235280 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of onchocerca fasciata (nematoda, onchocercidae) from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in iran. | skin nodules of onchocerca fasciata railliet and henry, 1910 (spirurida, onchocercidae) are a common finding in dromedary camels, though with a minimal clinical impact. there is little information about the morphology, molecular make-up and pathological impact of this parasite. onchocerca fasciata nodules (1.3-2.1 cm in diameter and 509-841 mg in weight) were detected on the neck region in 31.5% of dromedary camels examined in kerman province, southeastern iran. of 38 isolated nodules, only 23 ( ... | 2018 | 30234481 |
| coxiella burnetii in tunisian dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius): seroprevalence, associated risk factors and seasonal dynamics. | q fever, caused by coxiella burnetii, is a zoonotic disease responsible of abortion in ruminants. few studies have investigated the prevalence of this infection in camels (camelus dromedarius). the present report aimed to highlight the epidemiological status and identify the risk factors associated with c. burnetii infection in one-humped dromedary that is the most productive livestock species in arid areas. a total of 534 sera of healthy camels were collected in eight governorates from southern ... | 2018 | 30219555 |
| morphometric and genetic variation in 8 breeds of ethiopian camels (camelus dromedarius). | dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) are a domesticated and closely guarded economic staple of indigenous people located throughout ethiopian territorial states. seventeen morphometric variables were examined to determine intraspecific variation among 8 pastoralist-designated breeds of camels. additionally, dna sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene and genotyping of 6 nuclear microsatellite loci were examined to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of ethiopian camel ... | 2018 | 30189034 |
| effects of cryoprotectants and cryoprotectant combinations on viability and maturation rates of camelus dromedarius oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage. | camel fertility faces many problems, which could be solved by assisted reproductive technologies (arts). we designed the experiment to explore the effect of different cryoprotectant concentrations and combinations on viability and maturation rates of vitrified/warmed camel oocytes. we collected ovaries directly after slaughtering from local abattoir and transported them to laboratory in a thermo-flask containing normal physiological saline. we aspirated the oocytes from follicles, which is 2-8 m ... | 2019 | 30171646 |
| effect of semen collection frequency on the semen characteristics of dromedary camels. | the effect of semen collection frequency (once or twice per week) on the sexual behaviour, libido and semen characteristics (volume, colour, gross activity, viscosity, sperm concentration, morphology, motion characteristics and membrane viability and acrosome integrity) of dromedary camels (n = 7) was investigated over the course of 8 weeks. results showed that frequency of collection influenced male camel libido (p < 0.05) but not sexual behaviour. once per week collection frequency resulted in ... | 2018 | 30170879 |
| identification and mapping of brain natriuretic peptide in the normal ventricular myocardium of a desert-dwelling mammalian model, the camel (camelus dromedarius): immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. | brain natriuretic peptide (bnp) is mainly produced in the ventricular myocardium, where it is released into the circulation, producing rapid volume decrease by diuresis, natriuresis, and water shift into the extracellular space, and vasodilation. the dromedary camel, a mammalian model of the desert nomads, lives under unfavorable physiological stresses during thirst, starvation, desiccation, and hot climate, thus has a special demand for water homeostasis. the present studies characterized bnp i ... | 2019 | 30132878 |
| correction to: variability of some milk-associated genes and proteins in several breeds of saudi arabian camels. | the original version of this article contained mistakes in author names and affiliations. the last names of the authors salah korim, amro samra, and hussein a. amhedar were misspelled. the corrected spelling is saleh a. alkarim, amr a. el-hanafy, and hussein a. almehdar. the correct list of author names and affiliations are published with this erratum. | 2018 | 30120635 |
| impotentia generandi in male dromedary camels: fsh, lh and testosterone profiles and their association with clinical findings and semen analysis data. | impotentia generandi (ig) is a major problem in male dromedary camels. the objective of this research was to characterize the fsh, lh and testosterone profiles and their association with clinical findings and semen characteristics in ig-male dromedaries. semen was collected by electroejaculation from camels with ig (n = 17) and from a fertile group (fert, n = 5) and was evaluated for motility, viability, abnormality and concentration. according to their sperm counts, the ig-camels were categoriz ... | 2018 | 30096621 |
| morphological, radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the one-humped camel. | the camel digits have a complex structure with tendons, joints and ligaments. the objective of the study was to determine the anatomical features of the metatarsophalangeal joint and its puncture site in dromedary camel using anatomical dissection, radiography, computed tomography (ct) bone and soft tissue window scans and 3d reconstruction render volume of ct. the study used six adult camels of both sexes (three males and three females), aged 9-15 years (mean ± sd equal 11.80 ± 2.59 years). the ... | 2018 | 30079580 |
| the relationship between seminal plasma and serum trace elements and semen parameters of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | a total of 14 camels of known fertility (controls) at the camel research centre, king faisal university and 41 infertile dromedaries brought to the veterinary teaching hospital were used in this study during the breeding season. seminal plasma and serum were obtained from all males, and stored at -80°c until analysis. concentrations of six trace elements (manganese [mn], zinc [zn], iron [fe], selenium [se], copper [cu] and chromium [cr]) were estimated in the seminal plasma and serum using an at ... | 2018 | 30076734 |
| restricted localization of ultimobranchial body remnants and parafollicular cells in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | parafollicular cells (c-cells) exist within the thyroid glands and display different distributions within the glands among mammalian species. in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius), localization of the c-cells remains under debate. we herein investigated appearance of c-cells and the remnants of the ultimobranchial body, origin of c-cells, in the thyroid glands of one-humped camels. macroscopically, a white mass was present at one-third the length from the cranial end of the thyroid gland ... | 2018 | 30068831 |
| diverse patterns of cumulus cell expansion during in vitro maturation reveal heterogeneous cellular and molecular features of oocyte competence in dromedary camel. | during in vitro maturation (ivm), the degree and pattern of cumulus cells expansion vary between cumulus oocyte complexes (cocs). this study investigated the relationship between expansion morphology of cumulus cells with the oocyte maturation quality in dromedary camel. following ivm for 30-32 h, cocs were classified into four distinct groups according to the morphological features of cocs (adherent vs. non-adherent to the bottom of culture dish) and cumulus cells (compact vs. expanded vs. diss ... | 2018 | 30064073 |
| survey of nuclear progesterone receptor expression in the uterus of the cyclic and pregnant camel (camelus dromedarius). | progesterone receptors (pr) are necessary to mediate the biological effects of progesterone and are integral to the regulation of a number of different aspects of reproduction in mammals including ovulation of the oocyte, implantation of the conceptus and maintenance of pregnancy. this study investigated the expression and localization of progesterone receptors in the uterine wall of both pregnant and cyclic (nonpregnant) camels. uterine tissue samples were collected from healthy animals and pro ... | 2018 | 30058209 |
| the role of invasive alien species in shaping local livelihoods and human well-being: a review. | invasive alien species are a well-recognised driver of social-ecological change globally. much research has focused on ecological impacts, but the role of invasive species for livelihoods and human well-being is less well known. understanding the effects (benefits and costs) of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being is important for guiding policy formulation and management. here we review the literature on the role of invasive species in livelihoods to assess what is known, identi ... | 2019 | 30049620 |
| resynchronization of synchronized follicular wave in dromedary camels of unknown pregnancy status (camelus dromedarius). | this study was designed to evaluate the use of resynchronization (resynch) protocol in dromedary camels. in experiment 1, the effect of initiation of resynch protocol with gnrh treatment on day 14 ± 2 after timed breeding (tb) in camels of unknown pregnancy status on pre-established pregnancy and resynchronized fertility, was examined. the camels (n = 201) were divided into two groups after synchronized tb. control (n = 98) group camels were examined for early pregnancy on day 21 ± 2 after tb an ... | 2018 | 30031367 |
| variability of some milk-associated genes and proteins in several breeds of saudi arabian camels. | to gain knowledge on the molecular basis of diversity of several clans of saudi camel (camelus dromedarius) characterization of these animals was conducted at both genetic and protein levels. to this end, blood and milk samples were collected from several camel breeds at different saudi arabia locations (northern jeddah, riyadh, and alwagh governorates). genomic dna was extracted from blood of four saudi camel breeds (majahem, safra, wadha, and hamara), and dna fragments of the casein and α-lact ... | 2018 | 30006756 |
| tuberculosis in dromedary camels slaughtered in nigeria: a documentation of lesions at postmortem. | in comparison with other livestock, tuberculosis (tb) in camels has not been extensively studied in nigeria. camels in the hands of nigerian pastoralists share the livestock ecosystem and are increasingly becoming an important component of the sector. this study was designed to investigate the occurrence of tb lesions and animal-level risk of infection in slaughtered camel carcasses in one of the public abattoirs in nigeria, from june to august 2016. a total of 212 camel carcasses comprising 82. ... | 2019 | 30003524 |
| autophagy in normal tissues of camel (camelus dromedarius) with focus on immunoexpression of lc3 and lc3b. | autophagy is a highly regulated intracellular pathway for degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic protein aggregates and entire organelles. the autophagic pathway is stimulated by nutrient starvation, which prompted us to study the desert camel. various organs of the camel undergo ecological and physiological stress due to food and water deprivation, dehydration and long exposure to solar radiation. we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of specific biomarkers of autophagy under nor ... | 2018 | 29969923 |
| shortened daily photoperiod during the non-breeding season can improve the reproductive performance of camel bulls (camelus dromedarius). | the effects of a shortened photoperiod on the reproductive performance and hormones of mature dromedary camel bulls (camelus dromedarius) were evaluated. a group of 6 bulls were blindfolded to induce a daily photoperiod that was ∼2.55 h shorter than the natural day length (10.83l:13.17d), whereas 6 others served as the control group. the trial started in june and continued for 10 weeks during the non-breeding season. the reproductive performance of all animals was evaluated weekly during this ti ... | 2018 | 29960658 |
| effects of melatonin implants on the reproductive performance and endocrine function of camel (camelus dromedarius) bulls during the non-breeding and subsequent breeding seasons. | this study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin implants on the reproductive performances and hormone levels of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) bulls during the non-breeding and subsequent breeding seasons. fourteen mature dromedary bulls were divided into a control group (n = 7) and a group that was implanted with melatonin (n = 7) twice, at the beginning of the study and 35 days later. the trial started on the 17th june and continued for 10 weeks during the non-breeding season. reproduct ... | 2018 | 29960163 |
| experimental infection of dromedaries with middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus is accompanied by massive ciliary loss and depletion of the cell surface receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) represents an important respiratory disease accompanied by lethal outcome in one-third of human patients. recent data indicate that dromedaries represent an important source of infection, although information regarding viral cell tropism and pathogenesis is sparse. in the current study, tissues of eight dromedaries receiving inoculation of mers-coronavirus (mers-cov) after recombinant modified-vaccinia-virus-ankara (mva-s)-vaccination (n = 4), mva-vaccinat ... | 2018 | 29950581 |
| efficient follicular wave synchronization using a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (pridδ) in camelus dromedarius. | the reproductive efficiency of camels can be improved using artificial insemination and embryo transfer programs that require a dependable method for synchronization of follicular waves. this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (pridδ®) to induce synchronization for the follicular wave in camelus dromedarius during the rutting season, by ovarian monitoring, assessing sexual receptivity and fertility, and quantifying progesterone (p4) and estradiol ... | 2018 | 29933174 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus specific antibodies in naturally exposed israeli llamas, alpacas and camels. | thus far, no human mers-cov infections have been reported from israel. evidence for the circulation of mers-cov in dromedaries has been reported from almost all the countries of the middle east, except israel. therefore, we aimed to analyze mers-cov infection in israeli camelids, sampled between 2012 and 2017. a total of 411 camels, 102 alpacas and 19 llamas' sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to mers-cov. our findings indicate a lower mers-cov seropositivity among israeli dromedari ... | 2018 | 29911167 |
| cytoplast source influences development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) embryos in vitro but not their development to term after transfer to synchronized recipients in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | studies were conducted to evaluate the adequate time for exposure of donor nucleus to oocyte cytoplast before its activation and the effect of oocyte source on the development of scnt embryos in camels. a higher number of embryos cleaved and developed to blastocyst stage (p < 0.05) when couplets were activated between 1 and 2 h-than that of those activated at 0.5 h or more than 2 h post-fusion. a reduced number of reconstructed embryos cleaved (55.2 ± 7.6%) and developed to the blastocyst stage ... | 2018 | 29906663 |
| the acute-phase and hemostatic response in dromedary camels ( camelus dromedarius). | acute-phase reactants indicate inflammation and are increasingly used in veterinary medicine to indicate and to monitor progression of disease. hemostasis and inflammation have interconnected pathophysiologic pathways and influence each other on different levels. this study established observed normal ranges for acute-phase reactants and for coagulation and thromboelastographic (teg) parameters in 49 dromedary camels ( camelus dromedarius) and assessed the response to chronic and acute inflammat ... | 2018 | 29900796 |
| polymorphisms in mc1r and asip genes are associated with coat color variation in the arabian camel. | pigmentation in mammals is primarily determined by the distribution of eumelanin and pheomelanin, the ratio of which is mostly controlled by the activity of melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) and agouti signaling protein (asip) genes. using 91 animals from 10 arabian camel populations, that included the 4 predominant coat color phenotypes observed in the dromedary (light brown, dark brown, black, and white), we investigated the effects of the mc1r and asip sequence variants and identified candidate ... | 2018 | 29893870 |
| an update on sarcocystosis in one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius). | sarcocystis spp. are intracellular coccidian parasites which infect domestic and wild animals and birds, resulting in considerable economic losses in production animals, and public health concerns worldwide. sarcocystis spp. have an indirect life cycle where wild and/or domestic canine species primarily serve as definitive hosts and several domestic and wild animals (such as camels) act as intermediate hosts. in northern africa, the middle east, central asia and china, camel meat is preferred du ... | 2018 | 29866208 |
| the prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) antibodies in dromedary camels in israel. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, mers-cov, was identified in saudi arabia in 2012, and as of january 29, 2018, there were 2,123 laboratory-confirmed mers-cov cases reported to who (who, 2018, https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). multiple studies suggest that dromedary camels are a source for human mers-cov infection. mers-cov-specific antibodies have been detected in the serum of dromedary camels across northern africa and across the arabian peninsula. israel's geographic ... | 2018 | 29855166 |
| molecular cloning, cellular expression and characterization of arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) endoplasmin. | endoplasmin, or grp94, is an er-located stress inducible molecular chaperone implicated in the folding and assembly of many proteins. the arabian one-humped camel lives in an environment of thermal stress, nevertheless is able to encounter the risk of misfolded proteins. here, the cdna encoding camel grp94 was isolated by rapid amplification of cdna ends. the isolated cdna contained an open reading frame of 2412 bp encoding a protein of 803 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 92.5 kda. ... | 2018 | 29847784 |
| differences between the tolerance of camel oocytes and cumulus cells to acute and chronic hyperthermia. | the dromedary camel (camel dromedarius) is physiologically well adapted to life in hot, dry and barren land. in the present study, we report the tolerance of camel oocytes and cumulus cells to acute and chronic heat shock. camel oocytes and cumulus cells were exposed to acute (45 °c for 2 h) and chronic (45 °c for 20 h) heat shock. our results demonstrated that acute and chronic heat shock altered malondialdehyde concentration, which is a marker for oxidative stress. furthermore, the heat shock ... | 2018 | 29801649 |
| appraisal of interpretation criteria for the single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in dromedary camels in ethiopia. | dromedary camels are the main sources of milk, meat and income for the ethiopian pastoralists as they withstand the harsh environments of the regions of the country. tuberculosis (tb) affects dromedary camels causing morbidity and mortality in these animals. hence, early diagnosis and identification of infected camels play a significant role in reducing the transmission of tb in camels. this study was conducted on 168 camels between october 2014 and july 2015 to evaluate the performance of singl ... | 2018 | 29721803 |
| temperature dependency of whole blood viscosity and red cell properties in desert ungulates: studies on scimitar-horned oryx and dromedary camel. | the dromedary camel and the oryx antelope are exposed to excessive heat and solar radiation in theirdesert habitat. desertification of areas with by now little rainfall may occur eventually. well-adapted large animal speciesshow us what is needed to survive in scorching regions. | 2018 | 29710697 |
| viscoelasticity and structure of blood clots generated in-vitro by rheometry: a comparison between human, horse, rat, and camel. | although the coagulation system is evolutionary well preserved, profound species differences exist in viscoelastic as well as in common laboratory tests of coagulation. | 2018 | 29710696 |
| immunohistochemical expression of apoptosis-related biomarkers in normal tissues of camel (camelus dromedarius): a survey in a desert-dwelling mammalian model. | programmed cell death is a fundamental event that takes place during organ development and plays an important role in cellular homeostasis. since various body organs of the camel are under high ecological and physiological stress during food and water deprivation, desiccation, and the long exposure to solar radiation in these desert nomads, we aimed to examine the immunohistochemical expression of apoptosis-related biomarkers in some of its normal body organs to illustrate a basic track for furt ... | 2018 | 29685720 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a lethal zoonosis that causes death in 35·7% of cases. as of feb 28, 2018, 2182 cases of mers-cov infection (with 779 deaths) in 27 countries were reported to who worldwide, with most being reported in saudi arabia (1807 cases with 705 deaths). mers-cov features prominently in the who blueprint list of priority pathogens that threaten global health security. although primary transmission of mers-cov to human beings is linked to exposure ... | 2018 | 29680581 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in dromedary camels, bangladesh, 2015. | dromedary camels are bred domestically and imported into bangladesh. in 2015, of 55 camels tested for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dhaka, 17 (31%) were seropositive, including 1 bred locally. none were pcr positive. the potential for infected camels in urban markets could have public health implications and warrants further investigation. | 2018 | 29664373 |
| sero-prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) specific antibodies in dromedary camels in tabuk, saudi arabia. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel coronavirus which was responsible of the first case of human acute respiratory syndrome in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa), 2012. dromedary camels are considered as potential reservoirs for the virus and seem to be the only animal host which may transmit the infection to human. further studies are required to better understand the animal sources of zoonotic transmission route and the risks of this infection. a primary sero- ... | 2018 | 29663439 |
| nanobodies and cancer: current status and new perspectives. | reducing the dimension of antigen-binding proteins to an only immunoglobulin domain has been one of the objectives of antibody manufacturing. heavy chain antibodies were encountered while attempting to separate the blood serum proteins of dromedaries. later the term "nanobodies" (nbs) was introduced. the advantageous features of nbs comprise little immunogenicity, stability at low/high ph, capacity to target antigens that are less antigenic, and, lastly, easy capability to be used for therapy ag ... | 2018 | 29658806 |
| epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus circulation in tunisia. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was detected for the first time in tunisia and in other northern african countries in 2006. the objective of the present study was to investigate whether ehdv circulated in tunisian livestock before and after the officially-reported outbreak of 2006. thus, serum samples from cattle and dromedaries collected in different time periods (before and after 2006) and from different regions of tunisia were screened for the presence of ehdv antibodies. serologi ... | 2018 | 29631319 |
| glycoconjugates pattern and chemosensory cells in the camel respiratory mucosa: lectin and immunohistochemical studies. | the glycoconjugates pattern of acidic secretions and distribution of chemosensory cells (sccs) in the respiratory mucosa of dromedary camels were analyzed so as to identify their functional role. secretions of the goblet cells and mucous glandular cells were analyzed to evaluate the variety of sugar chains, focusing on the acidic glycoconjugates. using lectin histochemistry, wga, stl, dba, sba, vva and rca-120 intensely bound to the goblet cells. pna and ecl labeled the goblet cells with moderat ... | 2018 | 29622093 |
| histological and immunohistochemical investigations of ovarian interstitial glands during non-breeding season in camels (camelus dromedarius). | the aim of this was to investigate the histology and immunohistochemistry of interstitial glands during non-breeding season in camel ovaries. a total of 21 mature, non-pregnant and apparently healthy camels aged between 8 and 12 years were slaughtered. the ovaries were removed within 15 min, cleaned from adipose tissue, weighted and examined grossly. the histological preparation was made, and then, the blocks were cut at 3-5 microns thickness and stained by h&e for histological examinations. mor ... | 2018 | 29602226 |
| two new gene clusters involved in the degradation of plant cell wall from the fecal microbiota of tunisian dromedary. | dromedaries are capable of digesting plant cell wall with high content of lignocellulose of poor digestibility. consequently, their intestinal microbiota can be a source of novel carbohydrate-active enzymes (cazymes). to the best of our knowledge, no data are available describing the biochemical analysis of enzymes in dromedary intestinal microbiota. to investigate new hydrolytic enzymes from the dromedary gut, a fosmid library was constructed using metagenomic dna from feces of non-domestic adu ... | 2018 | 29601586 |
| effect of melatonin implants during the non-breeding season on the onset of ovarian activity and the plasma prolactin in dromedary camel. | to examine a possible control of reproductive seasonality by melatonin, continual-release subcutaneous melatonin implants were inserted 4.5 months before the natural breeding season (october-april) into female camels (melatonin-treated group). the animals were exposed to an artificial long photoperiod (16l:8d) for 41 days prior to implant placement to facilitate receptivity to the short-day signal that is expected with melatonin implants. the treated and control groups (untreated females) were m ... | 2018 | 29594158 |
| comparative histochemical analysis of glycoconjugates in the nasal vestibule of camel and sheep. | while corriedale sheep survive in a wide range of climates, which prevents them to specialize for one climatic condition only, dromedary camels strictly adapted to desert areas. this demands more adaptive mechanisms to hot, dry conditions in camels than in sheep. being the entrance of the nasal cavity, nasal vestibule is subjected to various environmental stressors. a protective way is the lining epithelium which is cornified in camel, but not in sheep. mucus nasal secretions also play a key rol ... | 2018 | 29582511 |
| an update on semen collection, preservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | artificial insemination (ai) in domestic animals is an important tool to maximise the use of genetically superior males and thereby insure rapid genetic progress. however, the application of ai in camelids has been hindered by the difficulties involved in collecting, as well as handling the semen due to the viscous nature of the seminal plasma. this review describes the challenges of semen collection and discusses the role of seminal plasma as well as the reasons for the viscosity and how to liq ... | 2018 | 29572045 |
| bilateral renal abscessation and chronic active pyelonephritis in a male camel (camelus dromedarius) caused by escherichia coli. | this report summarizes the clinical, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic, histopathological and bacteriological findings in a male arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) with bilateral renal abscessation and chronic active pyelonephritis. owner complaint included a decreased appetite and loss of body condition with occasionally voiding red urine. in the right kidney, ultrasonographic changes included a hypoechoic fluid surrounding the renal parenchyma. within the left kidney, a large volume of hypo ... | 2018 | 29563349 |
| mapping potential amplification and transmission hotspots for mers-cov, kenya. | dromedary camels have been implicated consistently as the source of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) human infections and attention to prevent and control it has focused on camels. to understanding the epidemiological role of camels in the transmission of mers-cov, we utilized an iterative empirical process in geographic information system (gis) to identify and qualify potential hotspots for maintenance and circulation of mers-cov, and produced risk-based surveillance site ... | 2018 | 29549589 |
| production of blastocysts following in vitro maturation and fertilization of dromedary camel oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle stage. | cryopreservation of oocytes would serve as an alternative to overcome the limited availability of dromedary camel oocytes and facilitate improvements in ivp techniques in this species. our goal was to develop a protocol for the vitrification of camel oocytes at the germinal vesicle (gv) stage using different cryoprotectant combinations: 20% eg and 20% dmso (vs1), 25% eg plus 25% dmso (vs2) or 25% eg and 25% glycerol (vs3) and various cryo-carriers; straws or open pulled-straw (ops) or solid surf ... | 2018 | 29543888 |
| colloid centrifugation of fresh semen improves post-thaw quality of cryopreserved dromedary camel spermatozoa. | colloids have been successfully used in a number of species to improve sperm populations for ivf and for cryopreservation the usefulness of single layer centrifugation (slc) for freezing dromedary camel spermatozoa in two different extenders was evaluated by examining the motility, viability, acrosome status, dna integrity, and ability of cryopreserved sperm to penetrate oocytes in vitro in a heterologus ivf system. two ejaculates from each of five males were divided into four aliquots: two were ... | 2018 | 29525206 |
| intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) of in vitro matured oocytes with stored epididymal spermatozoa in camel (camelus dromedarius): effect of exogenous activation on in vitro embryo development. | experiments were conducted to investigate the development of in vitro matured camel oocytes after their intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) with epididymal sperm collected from slaughtered male camels. ovaries and testes were collected from a local slaughterhouse in normal saline solution (nss) at 37 °c and on ice (0-1 °c), respectively. cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) aspirated from the follicles were randomly distributed to 4-well culture plates (20-25 cocs/well) containing 500 μl of matu ... | 2018 | 29454297 |
| camel production systems in ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on mers-cov risk factors. | camels are the most adapted species to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands of ethiopia where pastoralism is the dominant mode of life and mobility is an inherent strategy to efficiently utilize the spatially and temporally distributed pasture and water resources. usually, large numbers of camels and other domestic animals from many different herds/flocks congregate at watering sites, and this may create a perfect condition for disease transmission and spread among animals. the same ... | 2018 | 32226597 |
| piebald camels. | animal breeds are the diverse outcome of the thousands-year-long process of livestock domestication. many of these breeds are piebald, resulting from the artificial selection by pastoralists of animals bearing a genetic condition known as leucism, and selected for their productive, behavioural, or aesthetical traits. piebald dromedary camels have not been studied or discussed before, and their same existence is often overlooked. based on fieldwork in western sahara, direct observations across no ... | 2017 | 32269746 |
| [middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)]. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is an emerging infectious disease of growing global importance, which has caused severe acute respiratory disease in more than 1,700 people, resulting in almost 600 deaths. mers is caused by a novel betacoronavirus (mers-cov). all cases of mers have been linked through travel to or residence in countries in or near the arabian peninsula. dromedary camels are considered natu- ral reservoirs for mers-cov. mers-cov is mainly transmitted from infected dromedar ... | 2016 | 30609457 |
| nucleocapsid gene analysis from an imported case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, malaysia. | to describe the complete nucleocapsid (n) gene region of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) from imported case in malaysia and the relations with human- and camel-derived mers-cov. | 2015 | 32289031 |
| ultrastructure of the nephron of the young camel camelus dromedarius. | | 1991 | 29865532 |
| [efficacité de l'ivermectine dans le traitement des parasites internes du dromadaire (camelus dromedarius)]. | | 1989 | 32731659 |
| preliminary survey for antibodies against respiratory viruses among slaughter camels (camelus dromedarius) in north-eastern nigeria. | | 1989 | 32344952 |
| bacterial disease of dromedaries and bacterian camels. | | 1987 | 32370336 |
| trypanosomiasis in the camel (camelus dromedarius). | | 1987 | 32370333 |
| echinococcosis of a dromedary, camelus dromedarius. | | 2020 | 18119853 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections in pregnancy - an overview. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infections, like most other viruses that affect the respiratory tract can cause severe maternal illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes. they are not only highly transmissible (acquired through droplets), but host reservoirs such as dromedary camels for mers-cov and masked palm civet for sars-cov-1 are critical links in the onset of outbreaks. clinically they present with flu-lik ... | 2021 | 34218204 |
| multimeric nanobodies from camelid engineered mice and llamas potently neutralize sars-cov-2 variants. | since the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. multiple vaccines have been deployed to date, but the continual evolution of the viral receptor-binding domain (rbd) has recently challenged their efficacy. in particular, sars-cov-2 variants originating in the u.k. (b.1.1.7), south africa (b.1.351) and new york (b.1.526) have reduced neutralization activity from conval ... | 2021 | 33688659 |
| the recombination potential between sars-cov-2 and mers-cov from cross-species spill-over infections. | countries in the middle-east (me) are tackling two corona virus outbreaks simultaneously, middle-eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). both viruses infect the same host (humans) and the same cell (type-ii alveolar cells) causing lower respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia. molecularly, mers-cov and sars-cov-2 enter alveolar cells via spike proteins recognizing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and angiotensin conv ... | 2020 | 33605109 |
| dromedary camels as a natural source of neutralizing nanobodies against sars-cov-2. | the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a current global health priority. here, we investigated the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) in dromedary camels that were middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) seropositive but mers-cov free. the tested 229 dromedaries had anti-mers-cov camel antibodies with variable cross-reactivity patterns against sar ... | 2021 | 33529170 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus seropositive bactrian camels, mongolia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a zoonotic disease that was first identified in humans in 2012 in saudi arabia. mers-cov causes acute and severe respiratory disease in humans. the mortality rate of mers in humans is ∼35% and >800 deaths have been reported globally as of august 2020. dromedary camels are a natural host of the virus and the source of zoonotic human infection. in experimental studies, bactrian camels are susceptible to mers-cov infection similar to dromed ... | 2020 | 33197370 |
| prevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels, tunisia. | free-roaming camels, especially those crossing national borders, pose a high risk for spreading middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). to prevent outbreaks, active surveillance is necessary. we found that a high percentage of dromedaries in tunisia are mers-cov seropositive (80.4%) or actively infected (19.8%), indicating extensive mers-cov circulation in northern africa. | 2021 | 34152977 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) virus-pathophysiological axis and the current treatment strategies. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a lethal respiratory disease with its first case reported back in 2012 (jeddah, saudi arabia). it is a novel, single-stranded, positive-sense rna beta coronavirus (mers-cov) that was isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness. later, it was found that this patient was infected with mers. mers is endemic to countries in the middle east regions, such as saudi arabia, jordan, qatar, oman, kuwait and the united arab emirates. it has ... | 2021 | 34105037 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of mers coronaviruses from africa to understand their zoonotic potential. | coronaviruses are pathogens of pandemic potential. middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. more than 70% of mers-cov-infected dromedaries are found in east, north, and west africa, but zoonotic mers disease is only reported from the arabian peninsula. we compared viral replication competence of clade a and b viruses from the arabian peninsu ... | 2021 | 34099577 |
| innate and adaptive immune genes associated with mers-cov infection in dromedaries. | the recent sars-cov-2 pandemic has refocused attention to the betacoronaviruses, only eight years after the emergence of another zoonotic betacoronavirus, the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). while the wild source of sars-cov-2 may be disputed, for mers-cov, dromedaries are considered as source of zoonotic human infections. testing 100 immune-response genes in 121 dromedaries from united arab emirates (uae) for potential association with present mers-cov infection, we ide ... | 2021 | 34070971 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection profile in qatar: an 8-year experience. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012. the objective of the study was to describe the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of mers-cov in qatar. a total of 28 cases of mers-cov were identified, corresponding to an incidence of 1.7 per 1,000,000 population. most patients had a history of contact with camels 15, travel to kingdom of saudi arabia 7 or known contact with individuals with confirmed mers-cov infection 7. majority of pa ... | 2021 | 34026547 |
| scanning electron microscopic findings on respiratory organs of some naturally infected dromedary camels with the lineage-b of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in saudi arabia-2018. | the currently known animal reservoir for mers-cov is the dromedary camel. the clinical pattern of the mers-cov field infection in dromedary camels is not yet fully studied well. some pathological changes and the detection of the mers-cov antigens by immunohistochemistry have been recently reported. however, the nature of these changes by the scanning electron microscope (sem) was not revealed. the objective of this study was to document some changes in the respiratory organs induced by the natur ... | 2021 | 33916036 |
| exploring the potential roles of some rodents in the transmission of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is one of the recently identified zoonotic coronaviruses. the one-hump camels are believed to play important roles in the evolution and transmission of the virus. the animal-to-animal, as well as the animal-to-human transmission in the context of mers-cov infection, were reported. the camels shed the virus in some of their secretions, especially the nasal tract. however, there are many aspects of the transmission cycle of the virus from ani ... | 2021 | 33851740 |
| limited genetic diversity detected in middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus variants circulating in dromedary camels in jordan. | middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov) is a persistent zoonotic pathogen with frequent spillover from dromedary camels to humans in the arabian peninsula, resulting in limited outbreaks of mers with a high case-fatality rate. full genome sequence data from camel-derived mers-cov variants show diverse lineages circulating in domestic camels with frequent recombination. more than 90% of the available full mers-cov genome sequences derived from camels are from just two coun ... | 2021 | 33807288 |
| lack of detection of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) nucleic acids in some hyalomma dromedarii infesting some camelus dromedary naturally infected with mers-cov. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is one of the zoonotic coronaviruses [hemida peer j 7:e7556, 2019; hemida et al. one health 8:100102, 2019]. the dromedary camels remained the only known animal reservoir for this virus. several aspects of the transmission cycle of the virus between animals, including arthropod-borne infection, is still largely unknown. the main objective of the current work was to study the possibility of mers-cov transmission through some arthropod ve ... | 2021 | 33691761 |
| lethal zoonotic coronavirus infections of humans - comparative phylogenetics, epidemiology, transmission, and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019, the middle east respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronaviruses-2 (sars-cov-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), emerged as a new zoonotic pathogen of humans at the end of 2019 and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. over 106 million covid-19 cases including 2.3 million deaths have been reported to the who as of february 9, 2021. this review examines the epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, and phylogenetics of three lethal zoonotic coronavirus infections of humans: sars-cov-1, ... | 2021 | 33660619 |
| surface-aerosol stability and pathogenicity of diverse mers-cov strains from 2012 - 2018. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a coronavirus that infects both humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the middle east. while some mutations found in camel-derived mers-cov strains have been characterized, the majority of natural variation found across mers-cov isolates remains unstudied. here we report on the environmental stability, replication kinetics and pathogenicity of several diverse iso ... | 2021 | 33594367 |
| the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) nucleic acids detected in the saliva and conjunctiva of some naturally infected dromedary camels in saudi arabia -2019. | dromedary camels are playing essential roles in the evolution and transmission of mers-cov. mers-cov shedding in some dromedary camel secretions, particularly nasal swabs, were studied in more detail. however, the roles of viral shedding in saliva and ocular secretions are still required further detailed studies. we performed a longitudinal study on a farm of dromedary camel herd from 10th march until 7th april, 2019, in eastern saudi arabia. this is a closed management herd including a large nu ... | 2021 | 33565270 |
| covid-19, your pet and other animals: are you at risk? | despite fast-tracked research, the precise origin, transmission and evolution of covid-19 are still unknown. while the bat genus rhinolophus is likely the primary source of the zoonotic-origin pathogen sars-cov-2 that causes covid-19, its transmission route into the human population is still being studied.[1,2] coronaviruses (cov) affect humans and various animal species. bats were the original hosts of the cov that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory ... | 2020 | 33295324 |
| camelid inoculation with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: experimental models of reservoir host infection. | within the past two decades, three zoonotic betacoronaviruses have been associated with outbreaks causing severe respiratory disease in humans. of these, middle east respiratory s yndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is the only zoonotic coronavirus that is known to consistently result in frequent zoonotic spillover events from the proximate reservoir host-the dromedary camel. a comprehensive understanding of infection in dromedaries is critical to informing public health recommendations and implement ... | 2020 | 33266124 |
| risk factors for serological evidence of mers-cov in camels, kenya, 2016-2017. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging viral disease and dromedary camels are known to be the source of human spill over events. a cross-sectional epidemiological surveillance study was carried out in kenya in 2017 to, 1) estimate mers-cov antibody seropositivity in the camel-dense counties of turkana, marsabit, isiolo, laikipia and nakuru to identify, and 2) determine the risk factors associated with seropositivity in camels. blood samples were collected from a t ... | 2020 | 33186881 |
| phylogenetic diversity and dna barcoding of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae) of the eastern region of saudi arabia. | hard ticks are causative agents of physical illness and vectors of important diseases of human and livestock. the hard tick hyalomma dromedarii koch, 1844 is a major ectoparasite of livestock in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa), of which, the onehumped dromedaries camelus dromedarius is the most economically and culturally important and a potential reservoir of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (merscov) disease. here we report on the molecular phylogenetic diversity of h. dromedarii ... | 2019 | 33597400 |
| structural analysis of covid-19 spike protein in recognizing the ace2 receptor of different mammalian species and its susceptibility to viral infection. | the pandemic covid-19 was caused by a novel coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) that infects humans through the binding of glycosylated sars-cov-2 spike 2 protein to the glycosylated ace2 receptor. the spike 2 protein recognizes the n-terminal helices of the glycosylated metalloprotease domain in the human ace2 receptor. to understand the susceptibility of animals for infection and transmission, we did sequence and structure-based molecular interaction analysis of 16 ace2 receptors from different mammali ... | 2021 | 33552834 |
| nanobodies from camelid mice and llamas neutralize sars-cov-2 variants. | since the start of the covid-19 pandemic, sars-cov-2 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. although a number of vaccines have been deployed, the continual evolution of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the virus has challenged their efficacy. in particular, the emerging variants b.1.1.7, b.1.351 and p.1 (first detected in the uk, south africa and brazil, respectively) have compromised the efficacy of sera from patients who have recovered from covid-19 and immunotherapies that have received ... | 2021 | 34098567 |
| nonlinear dynamics for the spread of pathogenesis of covid-19 pandemic. | coronaviruses did not invite attention at a global level and responsiveness until the series of 2003-sars contagion followed by year-2012 mers plus, most recently, 2019-ncov eruptions. sars-cov &mers-cov are painstaking, extremely pathogenic. also, very evidently, both have been communicated from bats to palm-civets & dromedary camels and further transferred ultimately to humans. no country has been deprived of this viral genomic contamination wherever populaces reside and are interconnected. th ... | 2021 | 34118731 |
| which species does the virus like most: binding modes study between sars-cov-2 s protein and ace2 receptor. | the emergence of a novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) has been spreading worldwide in 2020. coronaviruses could mainly cause respiratory tract infections in humans and multiple system infections in many animals. the coronavirus enters the host cell through the binding of surface spike glycoprotein (s protein) with host angiotensin-converting enzyme-ⅱ (ace2) protein. | 2021 | 33740562 |
| coronaviruses in humans and animals: the role of bats in viral evolution. | bats act as a natural reservoir for many viruses, including coronaviruses, and have played a crucial epidemiological role in the emergence of many viral diseases. coronaviruses have been known for 60 years. they are usually responsible for the induction of mild respiratory signs in humans. however, since 2002, the bat-borne virus started to induce fatal epidemics according to who reports. in this year, the first serious human coronavirus epidemic (severe acute respiratory syndrome; sars) occurre ... | 2021 | 33655480 |
| bovine coronavirus and the associated diseases. | coronaviruses (covs) possess the largest and most complex rna genome (up to 32 kb) that encodes for 16 non-structural proteins regulating rna synthesis and modification. coronaviruses are known to infect a wide range of mammalian and avian species causing remarkably diverse disease syndromes. variable tissue tropism and the ability to easily cross interspecies barriers are the well-known characteristics of certain covs. the 21st century epidemics of severe acute respiratory cov (sars-cov), middl ... | 2021 | 33869323 |
| sero-epidemiological study on dengue fever virus in humans and camels at upper egypt. | dengue fever (df) is an important mosquito-borne viral zoonosis affecting over 100 countries worldwide and putting about 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. the disease has re-emerged in egypt since 2011; however, there is a paucity of recent epidemiological data available. therefore, in this study, we employed a cross-sectional study to determine df prevalence in humans and camels in asyut and sohag governorates, egypt, during 2019. | 2020 | 33487979 |