| laterocervical lymphadenitis caused by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with aids. | | 1994 | 8144149 |
| [epidemic of pneumocystis carinii infection in infants]. | epidemic intra-ward infection caused by pneumocystis carinii was described. 18 infants and small children were ill from among 21 treated in the infants ward. the diagnosis was given on the grounds of cytologic examination of bronchial excretion from subglottic region. | 1993 | 8148763 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1994 | 8151935 |
| fractionation of pneumocystis carinii developmental stages by counterflow centrifugal elutriation and sequential filtrations. | immunomagnetic sorting, sequential filtrations, and counterflow centrifugal elutriation were compared for their ability to obtain enriched populations of pneumocystis carinii developmental stages from infected rat-lung homogenates. elutriation combined with sequential filtrations resulted in highly (> 95%) enriched populations of p. carinii cysts and trophozoites with excellent viability. this approach offers advantages over previously described methods of obtaining enriched p. carinii cell popu ... | 1994 | 8153118 |
| dilemmas in the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been the most common life-threatening opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with a better understanding of the natural history of hiv infection, however, we have come to realize that prophylaxis against p carinii can prevent the majority of such pneumonias. in this article, i focus on the rationale behind such prophylaxis, as well as the choices and dilemmas the clinician faces in deciding on the most appropriate therapy a ... | 1994 | 8153765 |
| splenic infection simulating lymphoma: an unusual presentation of disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection. | this report of disseminated pneumocystosis in an hiv-infected patient describes an unusual presentation consisting of splenic disease mimicking lymphoma, absence of typical roentgenographic signs of pulmonary or disseminated pneumocystis, and absence of use of aerosolized pentamidine. because of these factors, a diagnosis of disseminated pneumocystosis was not considered. our case in combination with other recent reports emphasizes the need to consider disseminated pneumocystosis in hiv-infected ... | 1994 | 8153786 |
| disseminated cryptococcal disease complicating steroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids. | recent studies have suggested that steroid therapy may reduce the morbidity and mortality of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a select population of patients. however, the risks of steroid therapy for this group have not been well defined. we describe the case of a patient admitted with severe pcp whose treatment included high-dose steroids. during his hospitalization, overwhelming cryptococcal disease developed, contributing to his death. we postulate that the rapidity of ... | 1994 | 8153787 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus aerosolized pentamidine for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. lfpmi study group. ligue française de prévention des maladies infectieuses. | the objective was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of monthly aerosolized pentamidine versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) to prevent the first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. in an open, prospective, randomized multicentric clinical trial, hiv-infected patients (n = 214) with cd4 cell counts < 200/mm3 or 20% without a history of pcp or cerebral toxoplasmosis were randomized to receive for at least 2 years ae ... | 1994 | 8158539 |
| fatal spontaneous pneumocystosis in nude rats. | spontaneously generated fatal pneumocystosis was found in a congenitally athymic nude (rnu/rnu) rat colony. severe pulmonary pneumocystosis was seen in rnu/rnu rats, and 10(7) to 10(8) cysts per lung were detected. no histologic changes were seen nor were pneumocystis carinii organisms detected in heterozygous rnu/+ rats. indirect immunofluorescence revealed strong reactivity in the sera from rnu/+ rats with rat-p. carinii cysts (originated from wistar strain), compared with mouse- or human p. c ... | 1993 | 8158979 |
| respiratory failure in pregnancy due to pneumocystis carinii: report of a successful outcome. | the incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is rising rapidly among women of reproductive age. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during pregnancy may be the first manifestation of hiv infection. if respiratory failure ensures, the outcome has been reported as almost invariably fatal. | 1994 | 8159362 |
| a simple method of bronchoalveolar lavage. | twenty-eight ventilated paediatric intensive care patients, mean age 4.1 +/- 4 years, who had had a simple method of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nb-bal) performed were reviewed. the nb-bal technique involved blindly wedging a 5 or 8f infant feeding catheter endobronchially and lavaging one millilitre per kg saline using a syringe. adequate samples were collected in 87% of the nb-bal specimens. in two of the four inadequate specimens, pneumocystis carinii was still able to be identif ... | 1994 | 8160951 |
| aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: what is the correct dose? | | 1994 | 8161641 |
| diagnosis of localized pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus growth in two hiv-infected patients by ultrasonically guided percutaneous lung biopsy. | the diagnostic value of ultrasonic (us) examinations followed by us-guided needle biopsy in the differential diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infiltrates is demonstrated examining two patients with aids-related pulmonary infiltrates. ultraso-guided needle biopsy was performed after thoracic radiograph, computed tomography, and bronchoscopy could not confirm a diagnosis. biopsy specimens obtained via us-guided needle biopsy revealed local pneumocystis carinii (case 1) and chronic aspergillus pne ... | 1994 | 8162775 |
| atovaquone as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1994 | 8163822 |
| classical and nonclassical furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel antifolates: synthesis and biological activities. | classical antifolate analogues containing a novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring system which include n-[4-[n-[(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5- yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (1) and its n-9 methyl analogue 2 were synthesized as potential dual inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as antitumor agents. four nonclassical antifolates, 2,4-diamino-5-(anilinomethyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 3-6 with 3,4,5-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trichloro, 3,4-dichloro, and 2, ... | 1994 | 8164259 |
| conserved sequence homology of cysteine-rich regions in genes encoding glycoprotein a in pneumocystis carinii derived from different host species. | pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein a (gpa) exhibits host species-specific phenotypic and genotypic variation. despite this heterogeneity, the gpas of p. carinii isolated from different host species appear to be homologous molecules sharing certain biochemical and antigenic characteristics. using two degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved cysteine regions from ferret and rat p. carinii gpas, a pcr product of approximately 300 bp was amplified from ferret, ra ... | 1994 | 8168913 |
| differential effect on serum neopterin and serum beta 2-microglobulin is induced by treatment in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | forty-three human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled in a study of adjunctive corticosteroid treatment for 10 days versus placebo, in addition to antimicrobial treatment. levels of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) were determined in consecutive serum samples. initiation of antimicrobial treatment resulted in significantly increased neopterin levels, whereas beta 2m levels slightly decreased from pretreatment levels. in pat ... | 1994 | 8169417 |
| variant forms of a group i intron in nuclear small-subunit rrna genes of the marine red alga porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia. | a group ic1 intron occurs in nuclear small-subunit (18s) ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) genes of the marine red alga porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia. this intron occurs at the same position as the self-splicing group ic1 introns in nuclear ssu rdnas of the fungus pneumocystis carinii and in the green alga chlorella ellipsoidea and shares sequence identity with the pneumocystis carinii intron in domains l1, p1, p2, and l2, outside the conserved core. three size variants, differing in amount of sequen ... | 1994 | 8170361 |
| dapsone prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | | 1994 | 8170743 |
| oropharyngeal samples for detection of pneumocystis carinii by dna amplification. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a major complication of t-lymphocyte immune deficiency. restriction of the disease to the alveolar spaces and failure to culture r. carinii has hindered simple diagnostic methods. we have developed a specific dna amplification method for p. carinii and shown diagnostic sensitivity and specificity exceeding 95% for pneumocystis pneumonia when applied to bronchoscopic lavage and hypertonic saline induced sputum. we here report application of dna amplification to s ... | 1993 | 8171187 |
| prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | to review the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis for opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1994 | 8172439 |
| sequential changes in vital signs and acid-base and blood-gas profiles in pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in children with cancer. basis for a scoring system to identify patients who will require ventilatory support. | early reliable identification of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who will require ventilatory support would be desirable. to develop a predictive system to meet this need, we studied, prospectively, the sequential alterations in vital signs and acid-base and blood-gas profiles associated with this disease in 55 children with cancer, 29 of whom did not require ventilatory support (group i) and 26 who did (group ii). none of the patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (a ... | 1994 | 8173746 |
| the identity of pneumocystis carinii: not a single protozoan, but a diverse group of exotic fungi. | pneumocystosis is an aids-associated pneumonia that is characterized by the accumulation of very large numbers of a eucaryotic single-celled organism called pneumocystis carinii, which has not been cultured. pneumocystosis also occurs in many other mammalian species, and the rubric p. carinii is currently used to refer to organisms associated with this disease in all host species. this article reviews molecular genetic data establishing that p. carinii is a fungus, that p. carinii in people is n ... | 1993 | 8173783 |
| 67ga scintigraphy in hiv antibody positive patients; a review of its clinical usefulness. | we reviewed the results of 67ga scintigraphy in hiv antibody positive patients in order to determine how the result affected management. case records of 37 hiv antibody positive patients undergoing 41 67ga scintigraphic studies over a 31 month period were examined. new and additional information was provided by 67ga scintigraphy in 22 studies (53%). in 13 studies (32%) there was a positive effect on patient management. 67ga scintigraphy was most useful in differentiating pneumocystis carinii pne ... | 1994 | 8173875 |
| [adjuvant corticoid administration within the scope of hiv disease. indications in wasting syndrome and other diseases within the scope of aids]. | while at the start of the aids epidemic, corticosteroids were considered to be contraindicated, about 10 indications have since been identified for the specific use of glucocorticoids in hiv infection. some of these indications have already been confirmed in controlled scientific studies, for example, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or hiv-induced high-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma. in the case of other indications, for example, cerebral toxoplasmosis or certain forms of the wasting syndrome, clin ... | 1994 | 8175098 |
| detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed that was capable of detecting a wide range of medically important fungi from clinical specimens. the primer pair was designed in conserved sequences of 18s-ribosomal rna genes shared by most fungi. the lower limit of detection of this pcr technique was 1 pg of candida albicans genomic dna by ethidium bromide staining and 100 fg after southern analysis. a 687-bp product was amplified successfully by pcr from all 78 strains of 25 medically imp ... | 1994 | 8176723 |
| [endoscopic monitoring in lung transplantation. transplantation group of the maggiore policlinico hospital of milan]. | during the period march 1991-june 1992 5 single lung transplantations were successfully performed at the ospedale maggiore policlinico in milan. all patients underwent regular fibrobronchoscopies within the context of a complex follow-up programme in order to monitor the resolution of the bronchial anastomosis and identify the onset of intercurrent lung infections and rejections using bronchioalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsies (tbb). forty-four fibrobronchoscopies were performed o ... | 1993 | 8177440 |
| pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial washings. | | 1994 | 8180538 |
| ultrastructural observation of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from non-aids patients with p carinii pneumonia. | to investigate the morphology of pneumocystis carinii in vivo, we studied the ultrastructure of p carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) obtained from four non-aids patients with p carinii pneumonia (pcp), and observed the morphologic changes after treatment in one patient. every form recognized in the normal life cycle of p carinii, ie, thick-walled cysts, crescent-shaped cysts, and trophozoites, was detected in the pretreatment balf specimens. in the posttreatment balf, p carinii revea ... | 1994 | 8181316 |
| treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii infection by combination of clarithromycin and sulphamethoxazole. | the efficacy of clarithomycin and sulphamethoxazole for treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii infection was investigated. rats were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and inoculated intratracheally with 5 x 10(6) p. carinii cysts. after 2 weeks, the lung tissues were assayed for p. carinii cyst burden. the combination of clarithromycin and sulphamethoxazole caused a significantly greater reduction in cyst burden than either drug alone. up to 50% of the rats treated with the combination ... | 1994 | 8182006 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infected patients: effects of the diseases on glutathione and glutathione disulfide. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with altered levels of glutathione (gsh) in cells and extracellular fluids. gsh is essential for lymphocyte proliferation and inhibits hiv replication. therefore, determination of gsh and glutathione disulfide (gssg) levels could be useful as indicators of the progression of the disease. thyroid hormone levels are altered in acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids), such that thyroid hormone might be a useful prognostic indicator of th ... | 1993 | 8182348 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the course of connective tissue disease: report of 34 cases. | to determine the circumstances, the clinical features and the outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-free patients with connective tissue diseases (ctd). | 1994 | 8182632 |
| [corticoids in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1994 | 8183008 |
| human isosporiasis in an aids patient--report of first case in malaysia. | an aids patient with multiple opportunistic infections (candida, pneumocystis carinii and isospora belli) was identified at the university hospital, kuala lumpur. the patient presented with profuse diarrhoea associated with lethargy, anorexia and weight loss. routine stool examination showed isospora belli oocysts. the infection responded to treatment with trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole but relapse occurred 8 weeks later. this represents the first documented case of isosporiasis to occur in an a ... | 1993 | 8183153 |
| [fatal outcome of pneumocystis-carinii pneumonia under low-dose methotrexate and prednisone therapy for chronic rheumatoid arthritis. case report and literature review]. | new therapeutic schemes have been proposed recently for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. among these, methotrexate at low doses is recommended as basic therapy, already shortly after the diagnosis is established. we report on a 68-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis who developed bilateral pneumocystis-carinii pneumonia with a lethal course and bilateral sinusitis maxillaris with candida lusitaniae. various opportunistic infections have been described in the literature after low-dose met ... | 1994 | 8184239 |
| [pneumocystosis in mice under the conditions of a secondary immunodeficiency and with specific immunological tolerance for pneumocystis carinii]. | to study pneumocystosis and to develop the method of its reliable diagnosis, two mouse models of this disease were created. in model 1 mice with t helpers eliminated by means of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) to t-cell marker l3t4 were used. for this purpose mice were injected intraperitoneally with mcab and then infected with p. carinii. in model 2 tolerance to p. carinii was induced in mice by the injection of cyclophosphamide and the animal were then also infected with p. carinii. in both cases ... | 1994 | 8184622 |
| survival of patients receiving zidovudine before or after aids diagnosis: results of a german multicenter study. german aids study group. | while efficacy of zidovudine (zdv) in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is well established, the issue of survival after early zdv treatment is still controversial. to assess survival benefits of zdv treatment prior to aids, as compared to treatment after the onset of aids, we used an observational analysis of infected individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus treated with zdv and/or prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prior to or after aids in comparison ... | 1994 | 8186655 |
| [disseminated histoplasmosis in aids]. | a 41-year-old man infected with hiv-1 developed fever up to 39.8 degrees c together with nonproductive cough and dyspnoea. lactate dehydrogenase concentration rose from a level of 998 u/l to 6307 u/l. as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was at first suspected he was treated with co-trimoxazole (1600 mg sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg trimethoprim, four times daily). but the symptoms did not abate. bone-marrow puncture revealed numerous macrophages containing ovoid inclusions typical of histoplasma cap ... | 1994 | 8187612 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in foals. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 3 foals. in 2 foals (no. 1 and 2), diagnosis was by histologic evaluation of pulmonary tissue. on retrospective evaluation, p carinii cysts were found on sediment smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 1 foal (no. 1). a different foal (no. 3) was diagnosed as having pneumocytosis by finding p carinii cysts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and was treated successfully. definitive diagnosis of pneumocytosis in animals is usually made at necropsy. ... | 1994 | 8188515 |
| mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy due to pneumocystis carinii infection in aids patients: ct features. | extrapulmonary involvement by pneumocystis carinii (pc) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients is uncommon. our purpose is to describe three aids patients with low cluster differentiation cell (cd4) counts, who were receiving aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis, and who had large noncalcified hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. | 1994 | 8188907 |
| the use of inhaled radioisotopes for measuring the effect of sputum induction on tracheobronchial clearance rates. | inhaled radioisotopes were employed to study the role of tracheobronchial clearance in sputum induction, a technique used to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). seven normal nonsmoking male subjects inhaled a nebulized aerosol of technetium-labelled human serum albumen, which was cleared from the lung solely by tracheobronchial clearance. the aerosol's particle size distribution ensured both alveolar and proximal airway deposition, ... | 1994 | 8190405 |
| aerosolized pentamidine for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | aerosolized pentamidine is widely used in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus as both prophylaxis and therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a monthly regimen of aerosolized pentamidine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants. seven human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants, ages 3.5 to 11 months, were given a total of 45 monthly treatments of aerosolized pentamidine. the infant's dose of pentamidine was based on ... | 1994 | 8190532 |
| seroreactivity to pneumocystis carinii in patients with aids versus other immunosuppressed patients. | the aim was to study the humoral response to pneumocystis carinii and its diagnostic use in patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). the antibody response was measured by indirect immunofluorescence in aids patients versus other immunosuppressed patients with 122 episodes of confirmed pcp. during the early acute stage of the pneumonia, anti-p. carinii antibodies were found in 17% of aids and 24% of other immunosuppressed patients. in the second serum sample, antibodies were still found in 17% o ... | 1994 | 8191238 |
| clinical significance of neutrophil functional activity in hiv infection. | functional activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) was tested in 63 hiv-1 infected patients. pmn chemiluminescence (cl) and intracellular enzyme activity were both depressed in patients at all stages of infection, though this depression was more pronounced in aids patients. we found no such depression when cells were incubated in the presence of autologous serum. pmn phagocytosis in the presence of serum was reduced in the early stage of hiv infection (las) but was in the normal range in ... | 1994 | 8191239 |
| gastrointestinal case of the day. pancreatic abscess due to pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 8192018 |
| progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among homosexual men in hepatitis b vaccine trial cohorts in amsterdam, new york city, and san francisco, 1978-1991. | the authors evaluated the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) disease from the date of seroconversion to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and death among 362 well-documented seroconverters. the participants were homosexual men in hepatitis b vaccine trials in amsterdam (n = 74), new york city (n = 120), and san francisco (n = 168). there were significant differences in the proportion of deaths, mean age at seroconversion, and mean age at aids di ... | 1994 | 8192140 |
| markedly reduced mortality associated with corticosteroid therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common opportunistic infection in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). mortality rates of 34% have been reported for the acute infection, with much higher mortality rates occurring in the presence of respiratory failure. corticosteroids reduce the morbidity and mortality in adults with aids and p carinii pneumonia. we report herein our experience with corticosteroids in p carinii pneumonia in pediatric aids. | 1994 | 8193693 |
| clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of trimetrexate. | trimetrexate represents one of a number of new antimetabolites that have been studied in malignant, rheumatological and infectious disease. methotrexate, the classical antifolate agent, is active in a broad spectrum of clinical settings, but its use is limited ny pre-existing or acquired cellular resistance. trimetrexate is an agent that does not require uptake by the folate carrier transport system, a major mechanism of cellular resistance both in vitro and in vivo. both dihydrofolate reductase ... | 1994 | 8194282 |
| glycoforms of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in sera of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. | in acute infections thus far studied, there is a relative increase in plasma protein glycoforms rich in biantennary complex type n-glycans (type i), while in some diseases with chronic inflammatory changes, there is increase in glycoforms with more branched n-glycans (type ii). in sera of 109 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons, 38 rheumatoid arthritis patients, and 44 healthy subjects, the composition of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (agp) glycoforms was studied using crossed immuno ... | 1994 | 8195617 |
| immunoscintigraphy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) currently relies upon cytological demonstration of the organism in sputum or bronchoscopy specimens. the purpose of this study was to develop a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mab) against pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) and to evaluate its use for imaging pcp. | 1994 | 8195863 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as focal bibasilar uptake on gallium scan during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. | radionuclide imaging with gallium is commonly performed in the evaluation of patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and is known to be highly sensitive for detection of pcp. we present a patient with acquired immunodeficiency who developed pcp in the bases of both lungs while on aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. a gallium scan demonstrated focal uptake in the lung bases, a pattern generally not associated with pcp, and was extremely useful in guiding bronchoscopy. an aer ... | 1994 | 8195865 |
| [primary and secondary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. effectiveness, side effects and incidence of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii manifestations]. | we report on a retrospective study in 544 hiv-positive patients, (42 women, 502 men, mean age 35 years) showing cd4 lymphocyte counts below 200 c/mcl or after their cure of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, who received 300 mg pentamidine aerosol as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia every four week. | 1994 | 8196573 |
| pathogenesis and host response in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia is recognized as the leading cause of opportunistic pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts during the past decade. although much remains unknown about pathogenesis and host response in pc, recent years, studies of pc have provided us with an increasing base of knowledge about this organism and its relationship to the host. these studies have led to a better understanding of mechanisms of pc attachment and injury to host cells. new information about th ... | 1994 | 8198382 |
| an outbreak of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with malignancy. | an outbreak of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in three patients within a 6 week period was reported. two patients had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and one had brain-stem glioma. they shared common features of immunosuppression and absence of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and had been nursed in the same room. the severity of pcp and its response to treatment may be related to the degree of immunosuppression. because of the morbidity and mortality of pcp, chemoprophylaxis should be given to all ... | 1994 | 8198854 |
| community acquired lobar pneumonia in patients with hiv infection and aids. | community acquired bacterial pneumonia is increasingly encountered in hiv infected individuals and some patients have a radiographic lobar pneumonia. | 1994 | 8202910 |
| fda approves trimetrexate as second-line therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1994 | 8203380 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a thoroughbred foal. | typical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was found in a male thoroughbred foal (46 days old) suffering from diarrhea and hypogammaglobulinemia after birth. the characteristics of the organisms were demonstrated by grocott methenamine silver staining, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the present focal had no histological lesions suggesting immunodeficiency. however, he could not get adequate colostrum from his dam, because she died of hemorrhagic shock due to immuno-mediated throm ... | 1994 | 8204738 |
| disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids: epidemiology and clinical syndrome. | infection due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic disease of bacterial origin among patients with aids in the united states. the incidence of disseminated disease due to mac (dmac) has risen dramatically in recent years. the risk of developing dmac increases as the cd4+ lymphocyte count declines to < 100/mm3. preliminary analyses of several studies suggest that gender, racial or ethnic group, and individual risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infec ... | 1994 | 8204773 |
| controlled utilization of induced sputum analysis in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we investigated the outcome and potential cost savings of a system designed to limit physician access to induced sputum analysis (isa) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). four respiratory medicine physicians screened all requests for isa to determine the pretest likelihood of pcp. twenty-two of 102 requests for isa over a 1-year period were denied due to a low clinical suspicion for pcp. seven individuals had a definitive alternative diagnosis confirmed and the remaining 1 ... | 1994 | 8205875 |
| opportunistic infection in aids. | opportunistic infections may be severe in people having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). these infectious agents often demonstrate an uncommon persistence and may even show a recurring trait. this report describes 10 of the most commonly seen opportunistic infectious agents found in aids patients in india. the authors briefly describe the immunologically debilitating effects of aids in humans. a suggested treatment program including specific drugs to use against each pathogen is de ... | 1994 | 8207276 |
| [lung infections in acquired immunodeficiency. clinico-radiologic correlations]. | over the last decade the number of subjects with acquired immunodeficiencies has markedly increased; this phenomenon depends on both the large number of patients receiving organ transplants or antiblastic therapy and the spread of infections caused by the hiv virus. in 70-90% of these patients primary diseases include different pulmonary infections, relative to the type and degree of immune compromission. pathogenic or, in most cases, opportunistic germs are responsible for severe pneumonia whos ... | 1994 | 8209024 |
| [aids in childhood]. | hiv infection in infants is transmitted through the placenta. antibodies reduce and annul in nearly 18 months: hiv + subjects older than 18 months are considered as infected and divided into two classes--i.e., p1: infected and p2: aids. the most interesting clinical and diagnostic imaging findings are reported relative to 209 babies who were born hiv + and followed-up with clinical and laboratory tests plus chest films, brain and abdomen us to assess the presence of changes and their evolution f ... | 1994 | 8209027 |
| pneumocystis carinii infections in hiv-infected hemophiliacs during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. | the frequency, presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of pneumocystis carinii infections (pci) were studied during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis (ap) and its impact on the spectrum of aids-related and other pulmonary infections in hiv-infected hemophiliacs. we conducted an open study on primary (pp) and secondary (sp) ap. breakthrough p. carinii infections (bpci) and other infectious complications were analyzed retrospectively. hemophiliacs without prior p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) who ... | 1993 | 8210724 |
| [prevalence of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in subjects with high risk behavior for aids]. | p. carinii pneumonia affects more than 80% of patients with aids in developed countries. in mexico this complication has been described in 12 to 23% of patients with aids, and it has been proposed that competitive disease such as tb and the low life expectancy of aids patients in mexico are the possible explanations of this low percentage. however, in mexico the frequency with which the population at risk of contracting aids is exposed to p. carinii is unknown. therefore, we looked for p. carini ... | 1993 | 8210765 |
| upper zone cystic lung disease in hiv related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1993 | 8211881 |
| hyperkalemia with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. | in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a progressive increase in the serum potassium concentration occurred with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in this patient, factors known to alter transcellular potassium shifts to induce hyperkalemia were not present. there was no evidence of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid insufficiency at the time of hyperkalemia, while the transtubular potassium gradient decreased. the h ... | 1993 | 8213804 |
| causes of death among persons reported with aids. | this study describes causes of death in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and assesses the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection or aids on death certificates of persons with aids. | 1993 | 8214233 |
| development and characterization of a rapid screening assay for identifying antipneumocystis agents. | we developed a rapid assay for screening of compounds with potential antipneumocystis activity on the basis of incorporation of [35s]methionine into proteins newly synthesized by pneumocystis carinii. unambiguous evidence that p. carinii synthesizes proteins in vitro was provided by immunoprecipitation studies demonstrating the incorporation of [35s]methionine into the major surface glycoprotein. treatment with two clinically active antipneumocystis agents, atovaquone (10(-4) m) or pentamidine ( ... | 1993 | 8215282 |
| activity of cationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles against experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | on the basis of a previously observed correlation between the antimicrobial activity and dna binding strength of dicationic molecules, a series of 10 dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles were tested for activity in the rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. one of the compounds, 1,4-bis[5-(2-imidazolinyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]butane, was found to be more potent and less toxic than pentamidine. | 1993 | 8215291 |
| a clinical and pathological comparison of the who and cdc case definitions for aids in kinshasa, zaïre: is passive surveillance valid? | to compare the specificity of the world health organization (who) and centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) case definitions for aids in autopsy cases from zaïre. | 1993 | 8216982 |
| new developments in the management of pneumocystis carinii disease. | | 1993 | 8217906 |
| ondansetron usage in hiv positive patients: a pilot study on the control of nausea and vomiting in patients on high dose co-trimoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | this was an open, single centre study, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in the treatment of co-trimoxazole associated nausea and vomiting in aids patients. sixteen patients presenting with their first episode of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on high dose co-trimoxazole were given ondansetron 8 mg orally, every 8 h. measurements were made from data recorded by each patient on diary cards. in this study 11 out of 16 (69%) patients on ondansetron experienced ... | 1993 | 8218517 |
| severe thrombocytopenia in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient associated with pentamidine-dependent antibodies specific for glycoprotein iib/iiia. | severe thrombocytopenia developed in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during treatment with intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the patient's bone marrow contained adequate numbers of megakaryocytes, suggesting peripheral platelet destruction. platelet counts ranged between less than 3 and 20 x 10(9)/l for 2 weeks despite cessation of pentamidine, platelet transfusions, high-dose intravenous igg, and 2 mg/kg/d prednisone. thereafter, the platelet count in ... | 1993 | 8219198 |
| [nosocomial infection: clinical aspects]. | nosocomial infections develop within a hospital or are produced by microorganisms acquired during hospitalization. they may involve not only patients (2 to 10 percent) but also hospital personnel. they arise from complex interactions of multiple causal factors. patients risk factors are these that reduce the patient's capacity for resisting the injurious effects of the microorganisms and impair natural host defense mechanisms: patients with malignant disorders or immunosuppressive therapy, poor ... | 1993 | 8221172 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cancer patients. | concern has been arisen about the recently reported increasing incidence of pcp in patients with cancer and the potential transmissibility of this infection. whether or not there is an increase in the incidence of p. carinii infections, pcp should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in bone marrow transplant recipients, in patients with hematologic neoplasms and in patients with primary or metastatic brain neoplasms. intensity of immunosuppression plays a crucial ... | 1993 | 8221711 |
| atovaquone: a new antipneumocystis agent. | the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of atovaquone in the management of mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are reviewed. atovaquone has a novel mechanism of action that has been hypothesized to result in microbicidal rather than microbistatic activity against pneumocystis carinii. absorption of the drug is significantly enhanced by the presence of food, particularly food with a high fat content. in compa ... | 1993 | 8222520 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia relapse in aids patients. the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. | the effectiveness and tolerability of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (smx-tmp), a dose of 400mg/80mg given twice a day as secondary prophylaxis (sp) against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was assessed retrospectively in 166 aids patients. the mean observation period was 9.7 months (range 1.0-1.4). relapse of pcp occurred in eight patients; four episodes were histologically verified and four episodes were clinically assumed. the relapse rate after one year of prophylaxis was 5.1% (95% c ... | 1993 | 8222772 |
| kerley b lines as a radiologic manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1993 | 8222858 |
| [two cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in our hospital]. | we report two cases of aids whom we have recently experienced. one patient was a 54-year-old man who admitted our hospital due to third degree burn. in this case, we did not know whether or not he was suffered from aids, when he was delivered by the ambulance. in autopsy, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and renal tuberculosis were found in addition to marked decrease of t cells in lymph nodes. the other patient was a 40-year-old man with remarkable symptoms of central nervous system. route of inf ... | 1993 | 8225167 |
| [issues in the aids medicine based on the analysis of medical worker's recognition of the disease]. | we analysed problems on the front line of the aids medicine through our experience of a with hemophilia a, who had hiv infection developed to arc and the aids and in addition, had non-hodgkin's lymphoma in his rectum and died of pneumonitis caused by pneumocystis carinii. we have learned from the poll on medical worker's recognition of the disease through the experience of this case that the nurses who were concerned with the care of this patient did not have opinions against acceptance of patie ... | 1993 | 8225168 |
| variability of serum concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole during high dose therapy. | serum kinetics of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were studied in 23 patients during oral and i.v. treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. daily doses of 15-22 mg/kg trimethoprim and 75-110 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole were given every 6 h. despite administration of a loading dose of twice the regular dose, serum trough concentrations continuously rose from 12 h to 96 h by 63% for trimethoprim and 102% for sulfamethoxazole. after 4-6 days mean trough concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfameth ... | 1993 | 8225622 |
| a clinico-pathological study of 79 bronchoscopies in hiv-positive patients. | we investigated lung pathology in 61 hiv-positive patients who underwent 79 bronchoscopies. there were 27 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), 22 cases of pyogenic pulmonary infection and six cases of mycobacterial infection. eleven cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonitis were found and 10 intravenous drug abusers had birefringent pulmonary talc granulomata in biopsy specimens. women and intravenous drug abusers had higher rates of pyogenic pulmonary infection than men and other ... | 1993 | 8225923 |
| [etiology and therapy of pneumothorax in aids patients]. | pneumothoraces in patients with aids are a rare, acute and severe complication. between january 1989 and december 1991 3 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were operated after a 2-week treatment with chest tube drainage only had failed. the average follow-up time after the operation was 7 months. there was no recurrence. within the same 3 years 3 patients were treated in the clinic for internal medicine by means of tube drainage only. thus, only one case was successful. the average survival ... | 1993 | 8226049 |
| pancreatic disease in aids--a review. | patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) can develop pancreatic disease from causes unrelated to aids as well as aids-specific lesions. aids-specific causes include opportunistic infection, aids-associated neoplasia, and medications used to treat complications of aids. reported pancreatic opportunistic pathogens include mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, cryptococcus neoformans, candida, aspergillus, toxoplasma gondii, pneumocystis carinii, cytomeg ... | 1993 | 8228089 |
| 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues of trimetrexate and piritrexim as potential inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | a series of eight previously undescribed 2,4-diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues of the potent dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors trimetrexate (tmq) and piritrexim (ptx) were synthesized as potential drugs against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, which are major causes of severe opportunistic infections in aids patients. 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(aryl/aralkyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with 3,4,5-trimethoxy or 2,5-dimethoxy substitution in the aryl/aralkyl moiety and 2,4-diami ... | 1993 | 8230096 |
| synthesis of 5-methyl-5-deaza nonclassical antifolates as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases and as potential antipneumocystis, antitoxoplasma, and antitumor agents. | a series of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(anilinomethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4-9 were synthesized as 5-deaza nonclassical antifolates containing trimethoxy, dichloro-, or trichlorophenyl substitutions and a n-h, n-ch3, or n-cho at the 10-position. the compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii), toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), rat liver (rl), and lactobacillus casei (l. casei); as inhibitors of t. gondii and p. carinii cell growth ... | 1993 | 8230134 |
| [pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer]. | to determine the frequency of pneumonia in patients with primary lung cancer requiring hospital admission, the etiologic diagnosis, probable production mechanisms, and the factors which may condition the evolution. | 1993 | 8231382 |
| human immunodeficiency virus, fever, dyspnoea and a dry cough. expect the unexpected? | this report describes an hiv-seropositive patient with symptoms suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the final diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was delayed because initially only hiv-specific complications were considered. the relation between aids and pulmonary embolism is discussed briefly. | 1993 | 8232690 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii in aids patients. | seven cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with granulomatous reaction in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are described. the patients were all adult men between the ages of 32 and 45 years, with different high-risk factors. clinically, all the patients presented with a history of non-productive cough and shortness of breath. two of the patients had a past history of pulmonary pneumocystosis. radiologically, six patients had diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and one nodular ... | 1993 | 8233007 |
| nuclear medicine and aids. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and its associated illnesses in a relatively young population of patients provides an expanding role for nuclear medicine. the disease enforces a review of each department's infection control procedures. it also necessitates a widening of the differential diagnosis in high risk patients. it has also resulted in an increase in the number of patients presenting with diseases such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, kaposi's sarcoma etc. which prior t ... | 1993 | 8233226 |
| disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection involving the neck and nasopharynx. | in summary, several points should be emphasized: 1. adenoidal hypertrophy in a person who previously underwent adenoidectomy should lead to the suspicion of hiv infection. 2. p. carinii should be included in the differential diagnosis of adenoidal enlargement in hiv infections. 3. extrapulmonary calcification should lead to the suspicion of p. carinii infection. | 1993 | 8233521 |
| simultaneous nocardial empyema and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as an initial manifestation of hiv infection. | | 1993 | 8235799 |
| determination of pentamidine isethionate in air. | a concern currently exists regarding the potential for exposure of health care workers to pentamidine isethionate, a drug used for prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection. in order to evaluate worker exposures, a sampling and analytical method for pentamidine isethionate in air has been developed. this method involves sampling with a 37-mm pvc membrane filter at 1 to 2 l/min, recovery wi ... | 1993 | 8237795 |
| case report: hypercalcemia in a patient with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii infection is commonly seen in patients infected with hiv, and there is evidence of macrophage involvement in the disease process. macrophage dysfunction can result in abnormal vitamin d metabolism as is often seen in a granulomatous disease such as sarcoidosis. this article describes a patient with aids who had p. carinii pneumonia and hypercalcemia and had elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels, the first such reported case in the literature. there was no other evidence of ... | 1993 | 8238087 |
| human immunodeficiency virus production by alveolar lymphocytes is increased during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | several factors are known to upregulate in vitro hiv expression by infected t cells, such as certain cytokines and cell-cell interactions. the effect of such factors, involved in immune responses, has never been evaluated in relation to hiv production by infected cells in vivo. to do so, we assessed hiv production by enriched alveolar and blood lymphocytes using a quantitative p24 antigen coculture. this was performed in 32 hiv-seropositive subjects in relation to their pulmonary infectious stat ... | 1993 | 8239168 |
| [unusual presentation of pneumocystis carinii infection]. | | 1993 | 8239219 |
| identifying pneumocystis carinii in pleural effusions. | | 1993 | 8239256 |
| antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in danish blood donors and aids patients with and without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | sera from 1) 8 aids patients with pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia, 2) 13 hiv antibody-positive patients, 9 with aids and 4 with aids-related symptoms, all 13 without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 3) 36 healthy male blood donors, all hiv antibody negative, were examined for antibodies against pneumocystis carinii using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique. seven (87%) out of eight sera from group 1, 12 (92%) out of 13 sera from group 2, and 35 (97%) out of 36 sera from group ... | 1993 | 8240790 |
| [the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection]. | | 1993 | 8243242 |
| hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with lymphoid malignancy. | hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved. a high dose of cotrimoxazole induced hyperkalaemia with the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea, and increased urinary n-acetyl glucosaminase after several days of the drug administration in these patients; one patient became unconscious. discontinuat ... | 1993 | 8244201 |