| regulation of the initial expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucokinase genes during development. | | 1992 | 1563553 |
| synthetic trimer and tetramer of 3-beta-d-ribose-(1-1)-d-ribitol-5-phosphate conjugated to protein induce antibody responses to haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in mice and monkeys. | synthetic oligosaccharides derived from the capsular polysaccharide (prp) of haemophilus influenzae type b were conjugated to carrier proteins via a thioether linkage. conjugates were made of trimeric and tetrameric ribose-ribitol-phosphate and tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxin. all conjugates elicited anti-prp antibody responses with an increasing immunoglobulin g/immunoglobulin m ratio in adult mice and monkeys. trimer conjugates elicited lower anti-prp antibody responses compared with tetram ... | 1992 | 1563770 |
| bacterial quantification--a necessary complement for the comprehension of middle ear inflammations. | quantification of bacteria in various types of middle ear effusion (mee) obtained during current acute otitis media (aom), otitis media with effusion (ome) and chronic suppurative otitis media (com) was performed. the bacteria were stained with acridine orange and their number per ml effusion evaluated under the fluorescence microscope according to a method described in detail elsewhere. during aom, 53% of the mee samples were culture-positive and contained 10(6)-10(8) bacteria per ml (median va ... | 1992 | 1563927 |
| quantitation of human igg subclass antibodies to haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. results of an international collaborative study using enzyme immunoassay methodology. | an international collaborative study was conducted at ten sites to examine the performance of enzyme immunoassays (eias) for the quantitation of igg1, igg2, igg3, igg4 and total igg anti-haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) capsular polysaccharide in human serum. all groups used the same reagents: microtiter plates coated with polyribosylribitol phosphate (prp) conjugated to poly-l-lysine (pll), reference, control and test human sera, biotin-conjugated international union of immunological societi ... | 1992 | 1564320 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in australia: the beginning of the end? | | 1992 | 1565040 |
| new vaccines for haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | | 1992 | 1565041 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae infection in the australian capital territory region. | to investigate the pattern of invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in the australian capital territory (act) region with a view to assessing the possible benefits of vaccination in this community. | 1992 | 1565051 |
| detection of haemophilus influenzae type b antigen in cerebrospinal fluid after immunization. | | 1992 | 1565544 |
| the aetiology, management and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia on the intensive care unit. the british thoracic society research committee and the public health laboratory service. | in a retrospective study of adults with severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) admitted to the intensive care unit, 60 patients were identified from 25 hospitals within the 12-month study period. thirty-two percent were aged less than 44 years and 65% less than 65. one-third were previously fit. two or more of the following three features, respiratory rate greater than or equal to 30 min-1, diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 60 mmhg and blood urea greater than 7 mmol l-1, were pr ... | 1992 | 1565823 |
| [infectious agents associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies and asthma attacks]. | infections of the respiratory airways are frequently responsible for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and attacks of asthma. however, the causal infectious agents in practice are rarely precisely identified. we have undertaken a prospective study with the aim of researching into the bacteria and viruses associated with these exacerbations. forty-seven patients who were in hospital between 1987 and 1989 for attacks of asthma (13 episodes) or exacerbations of copd (35 ... | 1992 | 1565831 |
| coherence of frequency modulation is encoded by cochlear-generated distortion. | nonlinearities of the peripheral auditory system generate distortion products which present to the central auditory system as apparent acoustic stimuli. the frequency and amplitude of distortion products reflect the frequency, phase and amplitude relationship of the components of a complex stimulus. when the stimulus consists of harmonically-related primaries, the amplitudes of the major distortion products are a function of the relative phase of the presented (primary) tones. we have previously ... | 1992 | 1568943 |
| c4b deficiency is not associated with meningitis or bacteremia with encapsulated bacteria. | the two isotypes of the fourth complement component are c4a and c4b. c4b forms ester bonds more efficiently than c4a and so, in theory, is more likely than c4a to bind to polysaccharide capsules of encapsulated bacteria. two studies have reported homozygous c4b deficiency in patients with meningitis or bacteremia caused by encapsulated organisms. in the present study the association between c4b deficiency and these disorders was evaluated in four groups: patients with bacteremia, those with meni ... | 1992 | 1569346 |
| blood pressure changes modify the release rates of catecholamines in the intermediate nucleus of the solitary tract. | in anaesthetized cats, the intermediate aspect of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nts) was bilaterally superfused with artificial csf through push-pull cannulae. the release of the endogenous catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was determined in the superfusates radioenzymatically. blood pressure changes were elicited by intravenous injections of drugs (noradrenaline or chlorisondamine), or electrical stimulation of the intermediate nts with the tip of the push-pull cannula. ... | 1992 | 1570021 |
| immune function and dysfunction. a primer for the radiologist. | freedom from infection is the result of many tiers of immune defenses that harmoniously interact to rid the body of microorganisms and their products, which are perceived as foreign. the ability to distinguish self from nonself is embodied in lymphocytes, which serve both effector and regulatory functions. through the elaboration of cytokines and immunoglobulins, lymphocytes recruit nonspecific immune effectors, focus their activity, and modulate the intensity of the immune response. the phyloge ... | 1992 | 1570393 |
| [chemoprophylaxis in indirectly related cases of haemophilus influenzae meningitis]. | in january 1991, in a community near the south german town of tübingen, an infant and a toddler developed a haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) meningitis within a period of one week. the patients had no direct contact with each other, but each of them had a healthy sibling that was older. these siblings attended the same kindergarten and the same group. five months later we noted the same situation in another community. two infants fell ill with hib meningitis at short intervals from each other ... | 1992 | 1571624 |
| a comparison of antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin, l-ofloxacin, and other oral agents for respiratory pathogens. | the attainable inhibitory ratios (ar) for oral antibiotics were calculated by using literature reports of concentrations attained in respiratory secretions for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amx/ca), ofloxacin (ofl), l-ofloxacin (l-ofl), cefuroxime (cefu), ciprofloxacin (cip), and enoxacin (eno), and using microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration data of these antimicrobials against the common bacterial respiratory pathogens. ar of each antibiotic against the pathogens was expressed as multi ... | 1992 | 1572139 |
| osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by haemophilus influenzae, type f, in a young girl. | a 4-year-old girl with legg-calve perthes' disease and immunoglobin g1 subclass deficiency developed osteomyelitis of the proximal femur and septic arthritis of the hip secondary to haemophilus influenzae, type f. this microorganism is a rare cause of invasive infections in children, primarily of the central nervous system (cns) and respiratory track. it has not previously been associated with bone and joint infections. | 1992 | 1572141 |
| [a lung abscess due to haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1992 | 1573921 |
| [new vaccines]. | in this article, schedule for active immunization of normal infants and children in the routine strategy have been reviewed and some of the new vaccines were defined. | 1992 | 1574025 |
| opsonization of middle ear bacteria during chronic suppurative and secretory otitis media. | samples of middle ear effusion were obtained from 16 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (com) (20 ears, age range from 1 1/12 to 69 years) and 13 patients with secretory otitis media (som) (15 years, age range from 8 months to 13 8/12 years). qualitative and quantitative bacteriological analyses of the effusions were performed and the intensity of immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement component c3b adhering to the bacteria was estimated using immunofluorescence technique. in com effu ... | 1992 | 1575045 |
| [cerebral infarct as a complication of meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1992 | 1575408 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids and prolonged fever]. | pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) presents a high incidence in the evolution of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). common clinical signs include fever, dry cough and dyspnea, in the presence of pulmonar interstitial affection with several degrees of hypoxemia. one hundred and sixteen patients with npc and infection by hiv were diagnosed between december 1986 and january 1990. criteria of persistent fever was established in 10 of them (8.7%), with normal thoracic r ... | 1992 | 1576315 |
| antibody production in infants born to hiv-1-infected mothers. | naturally occurring antibodies to polysaccharide antigens of pathogens commonly isolated from hiv-1-infected subjects were analyzed in serially collected sera of children born to seropositive mothers. purified polysaccharides from type 14 streptococcus pneumoniae, group c neisseria meningitidis, type b haemophilus influenzae, glucomannoprotein from candida albicans and diphtheria toxoid antigens were used in an elisa test to assess antibody levels. a significant rise of anti-pneumococcus antibod ... | 1992 | 1576412 |
| cardiac tamponade secondary to haemophilus pericarditis: a case report. | pyogenic pericarditis is encountered uncommonly in clinical practice. the majority of cases of clinically apparent pericarditis are viral in origin. when bacterial infection of the pericardial space does occur the causative organism is usually staphylococcus or streptococcus species. isolation of an haemophilus organism from the pericardial space in this condition is distinctly unusual. there are only 10 previously reported cases in the literature of pericarditis secondary to haemophilus influen ... | 1992 | 1576565 |
| replacement of the essential penicillin-binding protein 5 by high-molecular mass pbps may explain vancomycin-beta-lactam synergy in low-level vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium d366. | the mechanism of synergy between vancomycin and penicillin, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics, was examined in a penicillin-resistant e. faecium (d366) expressing an inducible low-level resistance to vancomycin. it was demonstrated that penicillin per se was not able to reduce the inducible expression of the 39.5-kda protein (vanb) or the carboxypeptidase activity which are involved in the mechanism of vancomycin resistance of this strain. assays of competition between 3h-benzylpenicillin ... | 1992 | 1577257 |
| donor dna processing is blocked by a mutation in the com101a locus of haemophilus influenzae. | evidence is presented indicating that a donor dna processing step of the haemophilus influenzae transformation pathway is blocked in the com-101 mutant. additional data are presented suggesting that, as in the rec-2 strain, the donor dna remains associated with the h. influenzae envelope. | 1992 | 1577704 |
| antibiotic resistance in pediatric pathogens. | the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is increasing in pediatric pathogens. methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus and in s. epidermidis, and erythromycin resistance in group a streptococci are becoming major problems. fortunately, all three species remain susceptible to vancomycin. in certain parts of the world, haemophilus influenzae b that are resistant to a number of antibiotics are being recognized. antibiotic therapy of pediatric infections in the future will continue to rely on ... | 1992 | 1578116 |
| new aspects of prevention and therapy of meningitis. | cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are currently the agents of first choice for empiric treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. further studies are necessary to determine the optimal antibiotic therapy for meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumoniae isolates relatively or fully resistant to penicillin. the haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines undoubtedly will alter the relative importance of the three common meningeal pathogens in pediatrics and make ... | 1992 | 1578118 |
| h. influenzae vaccines in hiv. | | 1992 | 1579147 |
| craniocervical myelopathy associated with haemophilus influenzae meningitis: mri findings. | | 1992 | 1579242 |
| immunogenicity and safety of prp-t conjugate vaccine given according to the british accelerated immunisation schedule. | the immunogenicity and safety of a new haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine, prp-t, was studied in 107 infants from the oxford district. the vaccine was given concurrently with diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio vaccines at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. symptoms after immunisation were recorded by a parent. sera were obtained before the first immunisation and at 5 months of age and the antibodies were measured by both radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ... | 1992 | 1580674 |
| immune response to hib conjugate vaccine. | | 1992 | 1580909 |
| structural characterization of the cell surface lipooligosaccharides from a nontypable strain of haemophilus influenzae. | oligosaccharides released from the lipooligosaccharides (los) of haemophilus influenzae nontypable strain 2019 by mild acid hydrolysis were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography and analyzed by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. the major component of the heterogeneous mixture was found to be a hexasaccharide of mr 1366, which lost two phosphoethanolamine groups upon treatment with 48% aqueous hf. the dephosphorylated hexasaccharide was purified and shown by tandem mass spectrometry ... | 1992 | 1581306 |
| performance of haemophilus test media prepared with 12 different lots of mueller-hinton agar from four manufacturers. | haemophilus test media (htm) were prepared from 12 different lots of mueller-hinton agar. when tested with haemophilus influenzae atcc 49247, most lots were initially rejected because of small zones of inhibition for cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefamandole disks, whereas five other drugs performed satisfactorily on the 11 lots that supported growth of the control strain. at the same time, tests of escherichia coli atcc 25922 and staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 documented the acceptability of thes ... | 1992 | 1583112 |
| molecular epidemiology of unrelated clusters of multiresistant strains of haemophilus influenzae. | three epidemiologically unrelated clusters of haemophilus influenzae resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were studied. the biotypes and cell-envelope protein patterns were determined for 17 nonencapsulated strains, 6 from dundee and 11 from cheltenham, and for 6 type b encapsulated strains from guildford. after mobilization by conjugation, large 32- to 36-mda plasmids were purified from all the strains. the restriction fragment patterns of the plasmids were determined by e ... | 1992 | 1583325 |
| abundant attachment of bacteria to nasopharyngeal epithelium in otitis-prone children. | attachment of bacteria to nonciliated cells of the nasopharyngeal epithelium was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay in 25 otitis-prone and 25 non-otitis-prone children undergoing ear, nose, or throat surgery under general anesthesia. the bacterial findings were analyzed simultaneously, both qualitatively and quantitatively. in otitis-prone children, there was a significant preponderance of epithelial cells having greater than 50 attached bacteria (p less than .001) and of epithelial cells wit ... | 1992 | 1583337 |
| in vivo attachment of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae to nasopharyngeal epithelium in children. | attachment of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx (nph) was determined in 10 healthy children, culture-positive for either of these microorganisms. by using immunofluorescence technique and specific fluorescein-labelled antisera against these microorganisms, it was shown that in only 2 of the children studied were these pathogens firmly attached to the non-ciliated cells of the nph. attachment of s. pneumoniae and h. in ... | 1992 | 1584589 |
| the clinical significance of haemophilus influenzae and h. parainfluenzae isolated from the sputum of adult patients at an urban general hospital. | fifty-seven patients, from whose sputum haemophilus influenzae (49 cases) or haemophilus parainfluenzae (8 cases) was isolated during a 7-month period, were studied. in the majority of cases there were well-defined predisposing factors to respiratory tract colonisation or infection with the isolates, in particular bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive airways disease. colonisation of the airways, bronchopneumonia in patients with underlying lung disease, acute lobar pneumonia, and postoperative ... | 1992 | 1585219 |
| palindromic haemophilus dna uptake sequences in presumed transcriptional terminators from h. influenzae and h. parainfluenzae. | we have found palindromic pairs of near matches to the 11-bp haemophilus dna uptake motif shortly after the stop codons of three haemophilus genes. short runs of thymidylate residues follow the stem-loop structures thus defined. this organization suggests that, in h. influenzae, the uptake motif may be preferentially incorporated into gene termination signals, as has been proposed for neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 1992 | 1587479 |
| common antigenic domains in transferrin-binding protein 2 of neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and haemophilus influenzae type b. | there is now considerable evidence to show that in the neisseria and haemophilus species, membrane receptors specific for either transferrin or lactoferrin are involved in the acquisition of iron from these glycoproteins. in neisseria meningitidis, the transferrin receptor appears to consist of two proteins, one of which (tbp 1) has an m(r) of 95,000 and the other of which (tbp 2) has an m(r) ranging from 68,000 to 85,000, depending on the strain; tbp 2 binds transferrin after sodium dodecyl sul ... | 1992 | 1587606 |
| the bacteriology of bone allografts. | we report the contamination rate in the cambridge bone bank of 35 consecutive allograft specimens, all harvested in a clean-air environment, using a strict aseptic technique and antibiotic cover. five of 27 femoral heads taken from living donors and three of eight massive allografts taken from cadavers were found to be contaminated. the contaminated femoral heads were discarded. all massive allografts were rendered sterile by gamma-irradiation. it is important to exclude bacteriological contamin ... | 1992 | 1587886 |
| epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of haemophilus influenzae disease. veldhoven, netherlands, 24-28 september 1990. | | 1992 | 1588133 |
| interaction of haemophilus influenzae with mucus, cilia, and respiratory epithelium. | one nontypeable laboratory strain and five nontypeable clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae from sputum were investigated. bacteria replicated from 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml over 24 h in an organ culture of human respiratory mucosa with only the intact mucosal surface exposed. by transmission electron microscopy, bacteria were not seen in association with normal respiratory epithelium, even after incubation for 24 h. h. influenzae infection caused patchy and occasionally confluent damage to e ... | 1992 | 1588134 |
| iron acquisition in haemophilus influenzae: receptors for human transferrin. | as an adaptation to the iron-limited environment of the host, haemophilus influenzae has a transferrin receptor-mediated mechanism of iron acquisition such that it can acquire iron directly from human transferrin. the absence of detectable siderophore production and the presence of transferrin binding in a collection of type b and nontypeable h. influenzae strains indicate that the mechanism is widespread in this species. growth and binding studies have consistently shown that the receptor is sp ... | 1992 | 1588135 |
| targets of the beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin-binding proteins, in ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588136 |
| pathogenic events during haemophilus influenzae type b infection of human nasopharyngeal mucosa. | | 1992 | 1588137 |
| socioeconomic risk factors for invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | socioeconomic risk factors for primary invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease include factors that increase exposure to hib (day care attendance, presence of siblings, and crowded households) and factors that increase an individual's susceptibility to hib infections (short duration of breast feeding, parental smoking, and frequent infections in general). these factors are consistently found to be associated with risk of hib disease in studies conducted in populations that differ in ... | 1992 | 1588138 |
| cell surface changes in haemophilus influenzae type b associated with a phenotypic increase in resistance to bactericidal antibody. | | 1992 | 1588139 |
| analysis of the attachment and invasion of human epithelial cells by haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. | | 1992 | 1588140 |
| amplification status of capsule genes in haemophilus influenzae type b clinical isolates. | | 1992 | 1588141 |
| interactions of haemophilus influenzae with human endothelial cells in vitro. | | 1992 | 1588142 |
| haemocin production by encapsulated and nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588143 |
| pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier alterations during experimental haemophilus influenzae meningitis. | | 1992 | 1588144 |
| the biology of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination failure. | vaccination with unconjugated polysaccharide vaccine against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease at a median age of 25 months was not effective in a group of children who developed hib disease at a median age of 35 months. this group had normal serum immunoglobulin concentrations but impaired anticapsular antibody responses to hib infection and to reimmunization with unconjugated polysaccharide. another group vaccinated with conjugated polysaccharide vaccine at a median age of 18 months ... | 1992 | 1588145 |
| evaluation of bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin for the treatment or prevention of haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal disease. | a human hyperimmune globulin termed bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (bpig) has been prepared from plasma donors immunized with haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines. at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg, bpig increased levels of antibody to hib by greater than 0.15 microgram/ml within 4-6 h and by 2-4 micrograms/ml at 72 h. thereafter, antibody declined, with a mean half-life of 27 days. bpig treatment of apache infants did not impair their active antibody resp ... | 1992 | 1588146 |
| maternal immunization with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine for haemophilus influenzae type b. | maternal immunization with the capsular polysaccharide (prp) vaccine of haemophilus influenzae type b has been shown to extend the time that protective levels of maternal antibody are detected in infants. in a randomized, blinded trial, prp or placebo was administered uneventfully to 213 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. infants born to prp recipients had significantly higher levels of antibody to prp than did infants born to placebo recipients: 2.73 micrograms/ml compared with 0.33 mic ... | 1992 | 1588147 |
| finnish efficacy trials with haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. | the first finnish trial with haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine was conducted during 1973-1974. it demonstrated that the polysaccharide vaccine was 90% efficacious in children greater than or equal to 18-24 months old. the immunologically superior polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines have been used since 1986 in randomized trials. the prp-d vaccine (polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid) was 90% efficacious when given at 3, 4, and 6 months of age to 58,000 infants. in 1988-1989, ... | 1992 | 1588148 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in infancy of oligosaccharide conjugate haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in a united states population: possible implications for optimal use. | between february 1988 and june 1990, the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) oligosaccharide conjugate (hboc) vaccine was evaluated in a prelicensure trial of 61,080 children. hboc was found to be safe and immunogenic in infancy. extended follow-up revealed that as of 31 december 1990, 30 cases of invasive hib disease had occurred in 74,699 children; 26 were in unvaccinated children and 4 in children who had received only one dose. no disease occurred in c ... | 1992 | 1588149 |
| prevention of haemophilus influenzae type b infections in apache and navajo children. | prospective surveillance of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease has been done since 1981 in two high-risk populations, white mountain apaches and navajos. the attack rate in children less than 5 years of age is 5-10 times higher than in the general us population. three vaccines were evaluated. unconjugated hib capsular polysaccharide produced lower antibody responses in 18- and 24-month-old apache infants than in white infants. hboc (hib oligosaccharide covalently linked to the nontoxic ... | 1992 | 1588150 |
| preparation, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of synthetic ribosylribitol phosphate oligomer-protein conjugates and their potential use for vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | synthetically prepared ribosylribitol phosphate dimer and trimer analogous to fragments of the capsular polysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae type b, containing either an amino- or a (masked) thiol-functionalized spacer, were conjugated to protein by two different methods. the thiol-containing carbohydrates were conjugated to tetanus toxoid or h. influenzae outer membrane protein using n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. glutaric dialdehyde was used to conjugate the amino-containing ... | 1992 | 1588151 |
| brazilian purpuric fever identified in a new region of brazil. the brazilian purpuric fever study group. | brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) is a life-threatening pediatric infection that is preceded by conjunctivitis and caused by haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. bpf was first recognized during 1984 in the state of sao paulo. bpf was not reported in brazil outside of sao paulo and the neighboring state of parana until december 1989, when children with bpf were identified in the state of mato grosso. by april 1990, 10 children with confirmed bpf were identified from six widely separated cities ... | 1992 | 1588153 |
| effect of phosphate ester residues on the immunogenicity of crm197-coupled haemophilus influenzae type b capsular saccharides in 2-month-old infants. | | 1992 | 1588154 |
| interferon-gamma and interleukin-6 augment the human in vitro antibody response to the haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. | | 1992 | 1588155 |
| high antibody responses to booster doses of either haemophilus influenzae capsular polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine after primary immunization with conjugate vaccines. | | 1992 | 1588156 |
| humoral immune response patterns of human mucosae: induction and relation to bacterial respiratory tract infections. | immunoglobulin-producing cells in mucosal tissues, quantitatively the body's most important humoral immune system, synthesize mainly dimers and larger polymers of iga (poly-iga) with incorporated j (joining) chain. poly-iga is actively transported to exocrine secretions by a transmembrane epithelial glycoprotein called secretory component. enhancing secretory immunity by oral vaccination is an interesting possibility, but mucosal antigen uptake and local immune regulation are complex and only pa ... | 1992 | 1588157 |
| epidemiology and prevention of respiratory tract infections due to nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae. | nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae cause mainly respiratory tract infections, including otitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. these infections may become chronic or recurrent in patients with bronchitis or otitis. patients are usually infected with one strain at a time. during recurrent otitis, h. influenzae isolates have an outer membrane protein composition different from that seen during earlier episodes. in chronic bronchitis, h. influenzae strains persist for up to 1 year. in addition, isol ... | 1992 | 1588158 |
| outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | several outer membrane proteins of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are potential vaccine candidates: p2 and p6 elicit antibodies that are bactericidal and protective in experimental models of infection. other proteins are being investigated. a group of surface-exposed high-molecular-weight proteins that are major targets of antibody in human convalescent sera were identified. monoclonal antibodies to the high-molecular-weight proteins of a prototype strain recognized two distinct but related ... | 1992 | 1588159 |
| animal models for the study of noninvasive haemophilus influenzae disease: pulmonary clearance systems. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are increasingly being recognized as an important cause of disease in the lower respiratory tract. information about the pathogenesis of these infections has been limited until recently by the paucity of experimental animal models for studying the host-parasite interaction in vivo. three different animal models for investigation of the interaction of nontypeable h. influenzae with the lower respiratory tract have been used: two involve the evaluation of short-t ... | 1992 | 1588160 |
| enzymatic, serologic, and genetic polymorphism of haemophilus influenzae iga1 proteases. | | 1992 | 1588161 |
| specific protection against acute bronchitis associated with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588162 |
| serum and middle ear antibody response in the chinchilla during otitis media with effusion induced by nonviable nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588163 |
| epidemiology of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | invasive disease caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is typically a disease of young children, starting when the protection afforded by maternal antibodies is exhausted and ending when the child's own antibody production to the hib capsular polysaccharide begins efficiently. there are, however, large variations between population groups in the incidence of the disease and the age at which it appears. potential factors behind this variation include virulence genes of the bacteria and ge ... | 1992 | 1588164 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections, especially those due to haemophilus influenzae, in papua new guinean children. | acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) are the most common cause of death in papua new guinean children. haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae are almost universally carried in the nasopharynx from a young age and commonly cause disease. while most h. influenzae isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid are serotype b, other serotypeable and nonserotypeable h. influenzae are more frequently isolated in papua new guinea than in developed countries. low levels of antipneum ... | 1992 | 1588165 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a pilin-like gene from an otitis media isolate of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588166 |
| the p6 outer membrane protein of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae as a vaccine antigen. | | 1992 | 1588167 |
| serum antibody responses to nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae isolated from the nasopharynx of children with pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1588168 |
| epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections, especially those due to haemophilus influenzae type b, in the gambia, west africa. | mortality surveys undertaken in rural areas of the gambia, a small country on the west coast of africa, indicate that acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri) are the most frequent cause of death among children and that approximately 1 in 25 rural gambian children dies from an alri before the age of 5 years. community surveys suggest that each child experiences an average of one episode of alri accompanied by radiographic changes before reaching this age. etiologic studies have shown that ... | 1992 | 1588169 |
| a prospective, population-based study of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in the gambia and the possible consequences. | a prospective population-based field study on haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) meningitis was carried out in the gambia, west africa. the annual incidence was 60 cases/100,000 children less than 5 years old and 297 cases/100,000 less than 1 year. the peak incidence was in those 5 months old, and 45% of cases occurred in those less than 6 months. the case fatality rate was 37%. because the outcome did not appear to be affected by the logistics of receiving care, and resistance to chloramphenic ... | 1992 | 1588170 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b infections in victoria, australia, 1985-1989. | | 1992 | 1588171 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae disease: a population-based evaluation of the role of capsular polysaccharide serotype. haemophilus influenzae study group. | | 1992 | 1588172 |
| serum c-reactive protein in the course of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. | | 1992 | 1588173 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization during the first year of life. | | 1992 | 1588174 |
| incidence and clinical characteristics of invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. cdc meningitis surveillance group. | | 1992 | 1588175 |
| immunoglobulin variable region gene expression in response to haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. | the mechanism(s) responsible for the ontogenic patterns of acquisition of the antibody repertoire is unknown. the immune response to haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) capsular polysaccharide provides an excellent model system in which to examine the ontogeny of immunoglobulin variable region expression. a panel of hybridomas secreting human antibodies specific for hib capsular polysaccharide was developed using peripheral blood lymphocytes from donors immunized with hib vaccines. nucleotide se ... | 1992 | 1588178 |
| the role of complement in the host's defense against haemophilus influenzae. | in vitro studies have shown that haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) can activate both the classical and alternative pathways of complement and generate complement-dependent opsonic and bactericidal activities. in vivo studies and observations in complement-deficient patients have established the biologic significance of complement in the host's defense against h. influenzae. the complement system plays a significant role in the host's defense against hib and against other encapsulated and unenc ... | 1992 | 1588179 |
| g2m(23) immunoglobulin allotype and immunity to haemophilus influenzae type b. | g2m(23), an allotype on igg2 molecules, is detected in sera of about two of three caucasians. adults who are homozygous for g2m(23) have igg2 antibody responses to types 14 and 18c pneumococcal polysaccharides fourfold higher than those of homozygous-negative subjects. adults homozygous for g2m(23) also show higher igg2 antibody responses to vaccination with haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) polysaccharide. furthermore, adults heterozygous for g2m(23) show igg2 antibody responses intermediate ... | 1992 | 1588180 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age in minnesota and in dallas county, texas, 1983-1984. | during 1983 and 1984, 733 cases of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age were identified in minnesota and in dallas county, texas. the overall incidence of disease was lower in minnesota than in dallas county. however, among urban residents, the rates of disease for whites were similar in the two areas. a higher rate of disease among whites in urban minnesota compared with rural minnesota resulted from an increased rate of cases for diagnoses other t ... | 1992 | 1588181 |
| interactions of c3 and c4 with haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588182 |
| the role of complement and murine monoclonal antibodies in binding and ingestion of haemophilus influenzae type b by murine macrophages. | | 1992 | 1588184 |
| a high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein that is a potential target for protective immunity to type b and untypeable haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1588185 |
| molecular basis of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease. | the molecular basis of central nervous system invasiveness by haemophilus influenzae has been studied by using genetically defined mutants and in vivo and in vitro model systems. capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide are important microbial determinants of the ability of h. influenzae to traverse the nasopharynx and localize in the cerebrospinal fluid and meninges after bacteremia. the genes for type b capsule confer greater invasive potential than do those for other capsular polysaccha ... | 1992 | 1588186 |
| bacterial components and the pathophysiology of injury to the blood-brain barrier: does cell wall add to the effects of endotoxin in gram-negative meningitis? | in animal models, the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae contributes to all the signs of meningitis associated with living bacteria. however, when tested in vitro, the amount of lps in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in natural disease shows much greater effects on leukocytes than on endothelial permeability. to investigate whether other bacterial components act with lps to incite meningeal inflammation, animals were challenged intracisternally with h. influenzae lysates. upon neutra ... | 1992 | 1588187 |
| molecular biology of phase-variable lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis by haemophilus influenzae. | several chromosomal loci are involved in lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis by haemophilus influenzae. two of these, lic1 and lic2, contain multiple open-reading frames (orfs) and include tandem repeats of the tetramer caat within and at the 5' end of the coding region of the first orf in each locus. variation in the number of repeats of caat is involved in the variable expression of lps epitopes, and genes within these loci are involved in the biosynthesis of these epitopes. lic3 also contai ... | 1992 | 1588188 |
| experimental rabbit model of meningitis produced by haemophilus influenzae serotype c. | the virulence of haemophilus influenzae type c when inoculated intracisternally (i.c.) into rabbits was evaluated. rabbits are relatively resistant to infection with h. influenzae type b, such that inocula of the order of 10(6-9) cfu are required to produce meningitis in this model. in contrast, fatal meningitis was produced in this study when 10(3) cfu of a type-c strain were injected i.c. into rabbits. numbers of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of control (untreated) animals generally in ... | 1992 | 1588580 |
| production and characterisation of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with the lipopolysaccharide core of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the core antigen region of lipopolysaccharide (lps) of pseudomonas aeruginosa were produced from mice immunised with whole cells of heat-killed rough mutants of pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing partial or complete core lps. mabs were screened in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against three different antigen cocktails: s-form lps from three p. aeruginosa strains, r-form lps from six p. aeruginosa strains and, as a negative control, r-form lps from sa ... | 1992 | 1588587 |
| [severe community-acquired pneumopathy. what initial antibiotics to use?]. | even if they represent only a minor percentage of all respiratory infections, acute pulmonary infections are the leading mortality cause from infectious diseases. epidemiologic data amongst hospitalized patients with acute infections reveal mean mortality figures of 20%. the adequate assessment of severity criteria is fundamental so that patients can be oriented towards suitable hospitalized units. risks factors to be considered are: other illnesses, age (greater than 60 years), breathing freque ... | 1992 | 1589629 |
| production of betalactamase by respiratory tract bacteria in children: relationship to antibiotic use. | sales of antibiotics have increased in sweden during the past decade. this has been paralleled by an increase in the frequency of beta-lactamase-producing respiratory tract bacteria. to investigate the effects of regional differences in use of antibiotics on beta-lactamase production in respiratory tract bacteria, we collected nasopharyngeal specimens and information about antibiotic use from 1133 children attending day-care centres in four rural municipalities with low use, and one urban munici ... | 1992 | 1589657 |
| [the ionized calcium in the blood of domestic chickens: dependence on age and sex]. | in the present study concentration of ionized calcium and the correlation between total and ionized calcium in blood of domestic fowl and its dependence on age and sex were investigated. furthermore a possible influence of blood sampling procedure on the measured values was assessed. leghorn chickens of either sex, aged 3, 9, 25, and 80 weeks, respectively, were used. blood sampling was performed by vein-puncture and indwelling catheters, respectively, of both ulnaris vein and artery of animals ... | 1992 | 1590033 |
| graft perforations favor osteoinduction. studies of rabbit cortical grafts sterilized with ethylene oxide. | the healing of freeze-dried, ethylene oxide sterilized, segmental, allogenic cortical bone grafts was investigated in 15 rabbits using a 2-cm ulnar diaphyseal defect. five different groups of bone grafts were evaluated: 1) unperforated undemineralized, 2) perforated undemineralized, 3) unperforated demineralized, 4) perforated demineralized, and 5) perforated demineralized grafts enclosed by silicone rubber (silastic) sheets. there were 3 animals in each group. at 18 days, the study was terminat ... | 1992 | 1590053 |
| in vitro evaluation of ro 09-1227, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin. | ro 09-1227 is a novel 7-position catechol-substituted parenteral cephalosporin that also has a 3-position radical similar to previously described cephems. the ro 09-1227 spectrum was slightly wider than that of ceftazidime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested, principally because of greater activity against species producing richmond-sykes type i beta-lactamases. ro 09-1227 was also more active than ceftazidime against some strains producing extended-spectrum plasmid-encoded b ... | 1992 | 1590695 |