| non-canonical inflammasome activation targets caspase-11. | caspase-1 activation by inflammasome scaffolds comprised of intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptors (nlrs) and the adaptor asc is believed to be essential for production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (il)-1β and il-18 during the innate immune response. here we show, with c57bl/6 casp11 gene-targeted mice, that caspase-11 (also known as caspase-4) is critical for caspase-1 activation and il-1β production in macrophages infected with escherichia ... | 2011 | 22002608 |
| late-onset citrobacter koseri endophthalmitis with suture exposure after secondary intraocular lens implantation. | a 54-year-old male patient was seen in clinic for ocular pain and decreased vision in the right eye with duration of two days. he underwent a cataract operation for his right eye 12 years ago, then a sclera-fixated secondary intraocular implantation and pars plana vitrectomy three years ago due to intraocular lens dislocation. at the initial visit, his visual acuity was restricted to the perception of hand motion. an edematous cornea, cells, flare with hypopyon, and exposed suture material at we ... | 2011 | 21860579 |
| Epidemiology and molecular characterisation of metallo-ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital Intensive Care Unit in Greece. | The molecular epidemiology of VIM-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the beginning of an epidemic in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Athens, Greece, was studied. All Gram-negative organisms isolated from March 2004 to November 2005 positive for metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) production were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, to repetitive sequence-based PCR (Rep-PCR) for molecular typing, and to S1 nuclease digestion for plasmid DNA characteri ... | 2011 | 21873034 |
| bromate removal by anaerobic bacterial community: mechanism and phylogenetic characterization. | a highly bromate resistant bacterial community and with ability for bromate removal was obtained from a sulphate-reducing bacteria enrichment consortium. this community was able to remove 96% of bromate and 99% of sulphate from an aqueous solution containing 40 μm bromate and 10 mm sulphate. moreover, 93% of bromate was removed in the absence of sulphate. under this condition bromate was reduced stoichiometrically to bromide. however, in the presence of sulphate only 88% of bromate was reduced t ... | 2011 | 21982540 |
| a note on escherichia coli o157:h7 serotype in turkish meat products. | 255 minced beef, 101 soudjouk and 50 uncooked hamburger samples were analyzed for the presence of escherichia coli o157:h7 serotype. m-ec and lst broths were used as selective enrichment media and smac agar was used as a selective isolation medium. a total of 3 e. coli o157 were isolated by conventional culture techniques; one from each of minced beef, uncooked hamburger and soudjouk but none were identified as the h7 serotype. for determination of selective media-growing cohabitant bacteria, 26 ... | 2000 | 22062162 |
| genetic features of blandm-1-positive enterobacteriaceae. | genetic features associated with the bla(ndm-1) gene were investigated in 6 escherichia coli, 7 klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 citrobacter freundii, 1 proteus mirabilis, and 1 providencia stuartii isolate of worldwide origin. clonal diversity was observed for both e. coli and k. pneumoniae. the bla(ndm-1) gene was carried by different plasmid types (inca/c, incf, incl/m, or untypeable) and was likely chromosome borne in two isolates. the bla(ndm-1) plasmids coharbored a variety of resistance determina ... | 2011 | 21859933 |
| the microbial flora associated with oral carcinomas. | changes in the microbial flora on the oral mucosa after cancerous alteration may lead to both local and systemic infections. in this study, we assessed the microbial flora associated with the surfaces of oral squamous cell carcinoma. a comparative evaluation of these microbial contents was made with that of the contralateral healthy mucosa and control (healthy) mucosa. we also assessed the microbial flora from the saliva culture in subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls. | 2011 | 21909494 |
| the rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit. | abstract: mainly due to its extremely vulnerable population of critically ill patients, and the high use of (invasive) procedures, the intensive care unit (icu) is the epicenter of infections. these infections are associated with an important rise in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. the additional problem of multidrug-resistant pathogens boosts the adverse impact of infections in icus. several factors influence the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in the icu, e.g., new mu ... | 2011 | 22112929 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and its association with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae. | we investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and its association with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae. | 2011 | 22016679 |
| Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants against multiple antibiotic resistant uropathogens: a study from Kolli Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. | The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens necessitates medicinal plants as an alternate therapy in restricting the resistant infectious organisms. In this primitive study, the antibiotic resistance of organisms isolated from urinary tract infected patients was evaluated using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index values, and the MAR values was also calculated for plant extracts. The ... | 2011 | 21986363 |
| perc and grla independently regulate ler expression in enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | ler, encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, induces the expression of lee genes by counteracting the silencing exerted by h-ns. ler expression is modulated by several global regulators, and is activated by grla, which is also lee-encoded. typical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains contain the eaf plasmid, which carries the perabc locus encoding perc. the precise role of perc in epec virulence gene regulation has remained uncle ... | 2011 | 21895790 |
| Altering host resistance to infections through microbial transplantation. | Host resistance to bacterial infections is thought to be dictated by host genetic factors. Infections by the natural murine enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (used as a model of human enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infections) vary between mice strains, from mild self-resolving colonization in NIH Swiss mice to lethality in C3H/HeJ mice. However, no clear genetic component had been shown to be responsible for the differences observed with C. rodentium infections. Because th ... | 2011 | 22046427 |
| coastal seawater bacteria harbor a large reservoir of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in jiaozhou bay, china. | diversity and prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants were investigated in environmental bacteria isolated from surface seawater of jiaozhou bay, china. five qnr gene alleles were identified in 34 isolates by pcr amplification, including qnra3 gene in a shewanella algae isolate, qnrb9 gene in a citrobacter freundii isolate, qnrd gene in 22 proteus vulgaris isolates, qnrs1 gene in 1 enterobacter sp. and 4 klebsiella spp. isolates, and qnrs2 gene in 1 pseudomonas sp. and 4 ... | 2012 | 22252223 |
| pcr detection and identification of histamine-forming bacteria in filleted tuna fish samples. | total of 14 filleted yellowfin tuna fish (thunnus albacares) sold in wholesale fish market and supermarkets in milan, italy, were purchased and tested to determine microbial count, histamine level, histamine-forming bacteria, and their ability to produce histamine in culture broth. although histamine level was less than 10 ppm, many samples showed high total viable bacterial and enterobacterial counts that reached dangerous levels after temperature abuse for short periods of time. a pcr assay ta ... | 2012 | 22251187 |
| bugs on film: the presence of bacterial rods (citrobacter koseri) on a routine blood film in a septic immunocompromised patient with a femoral vein line. | | 2011 | 22234128 |
| chemical compositions of the essential oils of aerial parts of chamaemelum mixtum (l.) alloni. | the chemical compositions of the aerial parts essential oils of chamaemelum mixtum (l.) alloni from corsica and sardinia were investigated employing gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. the structure of (z)-heptadeca-9,16-dien-7-one, a natural compound not previously described, was elucidated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact and chemical ionization) and one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the variation in ch ... | 2012 | 22225420 |
| iron availability increases the pathogenic potential of salmonella typhimurium and other enteric pathogens at the intestinal epithelial interface. | recent trials have questioned the safety of untargeted oral iron supplementation in developing regions. excess of luminal iron could select for enteric pathogens at the expense of beneficial commensals in the human gut microflora, thereby increasing the incidence of infectious diseases. the objective of the current study was to determine the effect of high iron availability on virulence traits of prevalent enteric pathogens at the host-microbe interface. a panel of enteric bacteria was cultured ... | 2012 | 22272265 |