| antibody response to epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens in captive red deer (cervus elaphus) over a 13-month period. | deer are sensitive to clostridial diseases, and vaccination with clostridial toxoids is the method of choice to prevent these infections in ruminants. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the serologic responses in red deer (cervus elaphus) over a 13-mo period after vaccination with a multivalent clostridial vaccine, containing an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. antibody production to the clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin component of the vaccine was measured using an indirect enzy ... | 2016 | 27010263 |
| gastrointestinal parasites in an isolated norwegian population of wild red deer (cervus elaphus). | thirteen red deer (cervus elaphus), culled from the isolated population at the mongstad oil refinery, norway, were investigated for gastrointestinal helminths. these animals, enclosed by the refinery fence, do not have contact with other ruminants and have a high population density considering the available browsing area (1 km(2)) within the refinery site (3 km(2)). the population was estimated to be 110-130 at the time of culling. | 2014 | 25294401 |
| granuloma coinfection with mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in five hunted red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal. | we report granulomatous lymphadenitis in red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal caused by coinfection with corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, as demonstrated by molecular methods. | 2015 | 25932668 |
| coxiella burnetii genotypes in iberian wildlife. | to investigate if coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, genotypes circulating in wildlife are associated with those infecting livestock and humans, multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva-6-marker) was carried out over c. burnetii obtained from red deer (cervus elaphus), eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa), european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), black rat (rattus rattus), and wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus). mlva typing was performed by using six variable loc ... | 2016 | 27216529 |
| wide exposure to coxiella burnetii in ruminant and feline species living in a natural environment: zoonoses in a human-livestock-wildlife interface. | assessment of the role of wild and domestic hosts as potential reservoirs of misdiagnosed zoonoses, such as q fever by coxiella burnetii, is an important public health issue today both for wildlife conservation and management of disease in human-livestock-wildlife interface. this study used elisa, an indirect antibody, to research (2003-2013) c. burnetii infection in seven free-living wild and domestic ruminant species and in european wildcats (felis silvestris). the animals studied were 0 europ ... | 2017 | 27776577 |
| genotypes of coxiella burnetii in wildlife: disentangling the molecular epidemiology of a multi-host pathogen. | evidences point to a relevant role of wildlife in the ecology of coxiella burnetii worldwide. the lack of information on c. burnetii genotypes in wildlife prevents tracing-back clinical animal and human q fever cases with potential wildlife origin. to compare c. burnetii genotypes circulating in wildlife, livestock and humans, 107 samples from red deer, european wild rabbit, racoon, small mammals, goat and sheep were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization. gen ... | 2016 | 27336914 |
| host and environmental factors modulate the exposure of free-ranging and farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) to coxiella burnetii. | the control of multihost pathogens, such as coxiella burnetii, should rely on accurate information about the roles played by the main hosts. we aimed to determine the involvement of the red deer (cervus elaphus) in the ecology of c. burnetii. we predicted that red deer populations from broad geographic areas within a european context would be exposed to c. burnetii, and therefore, we hypothesized that a series of factors would modulate the exposure of red deer to c. burnetii. to test this hypoth ... | 2015 | 26150466 |
| detection of antibodies in wild ruminants to evaluate exposure to liver trematodes. | wild ruminants sharing pastures with domestic livestock are at risk of infection by liver trematodes. detection of antibodies provides a very useful tool to gain more knowledge about the distribution of these parasites. non-lethal methods are strongly encouraged for the analysis of the risk of infection among wild ruminants. a seroepidemiological survey was conducted to analyze exposure to hepatic trematodes ( fasciola hepatica and dicrocoelium dendriticum ) in wild ruminants from southern spain ... | 2012 | 22414166 |
| genetic diversity and population genetics of large lungworms (dictyocaulus, nematoda) in wild deer in hungary. | dictyocaulus nematode worms live as parasites in the lower airways of ungulates and can cause significant disease in both wild and farmed hosts. this study represents the first population genetic analysis of large lungworms in wildlife. specifically, we quantify genetic variation in dictyocaulus lungworms from wild deer (red deer, fallow deer and roe deer) in hungary, based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequence data, using population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. t ... | 2016 | 27150969 |
| development of a multiplex pcr for identification of dictyocaulus lungworms in domestic and wild ruminants. | dictyocaulus lungworms are the causative agents of parasitic bronchitis (dictyocaulosis) characterised by coughing and severe lung pathology in domestic and wild ruminants. the objective of this study was to design a simple molecular test that could detect of lungworm dna from both adult and larval lungworms and could distinguish between the most common dictyocaulus species found in cattle and in some species of wild ruminants. a multiplex pcr test with four novel primers targeting species-speci ... | 2015 | 26266883 |
| reduced efficacy of moxidectin and abamectin in young red deer (cervus elaphus) after 20 years of moxidectin pour-on use on a new zealand deer farm. | a study was undertaken on weaned 4-5 month old farmed red deer to test the efficacy of moxidectin and abamectin anthelmintics, given by three different routes of administration, compared with an untreated control. faecal samples were collected on days 0, 7 and 14 for a faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt), blood samples were collected on days 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 for pharmacokinetics, and the deer were killed on days 14 or 15 for total nematode count. the control group averaged 12 ... | 2014 | 24144515 |
| lungworm (nematoda: protostrongylidae) infection in wild and domestic ruminants from małopolska region of poland. | the conducted study has focused on domestic, as well as wild ruminant species. the post mortem examination was carried out on 68 animals, including three wild species: roe deer (capreolus capreolus) (25 indyviduals), red deer (cervus elaphus) (6), fallow deer (dama dama) (5) and two domestic: sheep (ovis aries) (14) and cattle (bos taurus) (18). some of the species have also been investigated in the field by the coproscopical analyses. the faecal samples from roe deer (27), fallow deer (20), red ... | 2016 | 27262959 |
| experimental studies of microbial populations and incidence of zoonotic pathogens in the faeces of red deer (cervus elaphus). | wild animals can serve as hosts, amplifiers or reservoirs for various zoonotic diseases. most species of deer in highly fragmented agricultural landscapes, search out maximum cover from intrusive human activity. hence, the likelihood of zoonosis transmission is likely to increase the more humans and wildlife interact. in our study, we conducted a comparative analysis of bacteria isolated from the faeces of red deer (cervus elaphus) living in their natural environment in south-western poland and ... | 2015 | 26222832 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi in sika deer (cervus nippon) and red deer (cervus elaphus): deer specificity and zoonotic potential of its genotypes. | as the most common cause of the human microsporidiosis, enterocytozoon bieneusi has been found in a wide variety of animal hosts. deers are the ruminant mammals living in a variety of biomes, and the distribution of deer species differ by geography. to understand the prevalence of natural infection of e. bieneusi in deer and to assess their epidemiological role in the transmission of microsporidiosis caused by e. bieneusi, 91 fecal specimens were collected from 86 sika deers and five red deers i ... | 2014 | 25185666 |
| genomic characterization of a novel epsilonpapillomavirus associated with pigmented papillomas in a red deer (cervus elaphus). | two of a group of 15 farmed european red (cervus elaphus elaphus) x wapiti (c. e. canadensis) deer stags developed multiple persistent pigmented squamous papillomas (warts) on their chins. dna was extracted from a papilloma and a short section of dna from a novel papillomavirus (pv) was amplified. this short sequence was used to design 'outward facing' primers to amplify the remainder of the circular pv dna. the pcr product was sequenced using next-generation sequencing and the full genome of th ... | 2016 | 27154332 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of escherichia coli recovered from frozen game meat. | the increasing number of antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae both in veterinary and human medicine, the dissemination of these bacteria in several environments and their possible repercussions on human health is causing concern. game meat is usually seen as free of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. the objective of this study was to evaluate the current antimicrobial susceptibility status in generic escherichia coli isolated from packed frozen game meat from a game handling establishment ... | 2017 | 28040165 |
| antimicrobial resistance in faecal escherichia coli isolates from farmed red deer and wild small mammals. detection of a multiresistant e. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. | eighty-nine escherichia coli isolates recovered from faeces of red deer and small mammals, cohabiting the same area, were analyzed to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing. antimicrobial resistance was detected in 6.7% of isolates, with resistances to tetracycline and quinolones being the most common. an e. coli strain carrying blactx-m-1 as well as other antibiotic resistant genes included in an unusual class 1 integron (intl1-dfra16-blapse-1-a ... | 2016 | 27012919 |
| antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: implications for public health. | the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amr escherichia coli (e. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (larus fuscus), hybrid deer spe ... | 2015 | 25639901 |
| composition and biological activities of slaughterhouse blood from red deer, sheep, pig and cattle. | animal blood is a large-volume by-product of the meat industry. besides blood meal fertiliser, blood is marketed for human consumption as a supplement. minimal comparative work on slaughterhouse animal blood fractions has been carried out. in this study, slaughterhouse deer, sheep, pig and cattle blood parameters were compared. some blood constituents were determined. fractionated blood was assessed for antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, oxygen radical scaven ... | 2016 | 25581344 |
| prevalence of subtilase cytotoxin-encoding subab variants among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from wild ruminants and sheep differs from that of cattle and pigs and is predominated by the new allelic variant subab2-2. | subtilase cytotoxin (subab) is an ab5 toxin produced by shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains usually lacking the eae gene product intimin. three allelic variants of subab encoding genes have been described: subab1, located on a plasmid, subab2-1, located on the pathogenicity island se-pai and subab2-2 located in an outer membrane efflux protein (oep) region. subab is becoming increasingly recognized as a toxin potentially involved in human pathogenesis. ruminants and cattl ... | 2015 | 25488108 |
| antimicrobial resistant bacteria in wild mammals and birds: a coincidence or cause for concern? | the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a growing concern to public and animal health. the contribution attributable to wildlife remains unclear. in this study two unrelated wildlife species herring gulls (larus argentatus) and a hybrid deer (cervus elaphus x cervus nippon) were investigated for the presence of escherichia coli expressing an amr phenotype. | 2014 | 24795805 |
| incidence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains in beef, pork, chicken, deer, boar, bison, and rabbit retail meat. | the objective of the current study was to determine the incidence of contamination by the top 7 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o-groups, responsible for the majority of e. coli infections in human beings, in retail meat from different animal species. samples from ground beef (n = 51), ground pork (n = 16), ground chicken (n = 16), and game meat (deer, wild boar, bison, and rabbit; n = 55) were collected from retail vendors for the detection of 7 stec o-groups (o26, o45, o103, o111 ... | 2013 | 23512921 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. in large game animals intended for consumption: relationship with management practices and livestock influence. | although wild ruminants have been identified as reservoirs of shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli (stec), little information is available concerning the role of salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. in large game species. we evaluated the presence of these pathogens in faeces (n=574) and carcasses (n=585) sampled from red deer (n=295), wild boar (n=333) and other ungulates (fallow deer, mouflon) (n=9). animal sampling was done in situ from 33 hunting estates during two hunting seasons. salmo ... | 2013 | 23384892 |
| detection and characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in game meat and ready-to-eat meat products. | a total of 142 samples of game meat and ready-to-eat meat products from red deer and wild boar were analysed in order to assess the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). shiga-toxin encoding genes (stx genes) were detected by pcr in 36 (25.4%) of the samples and stec was isolated from 8 (5.6%) of the same samples. none of the samples tested positive for e. coli o157:h7. four different serotypes were found among the 8 stec isolates, with serotype o27:h30 being predominant (62 ... | 2012 | 23177058 |
| discovery of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing escherichia coli among hunted deer, chamois and ibex. | the aim of the present study was to assess for the first time the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli in the wild animal ecosystem in switzerland. fecal samples of 84 red deer, 64 roe deer, 64 chamois, and 27 ibex were investigated. one sample from a roe deer tested positive for esbl-producing e. coli. the isolate harboured blactx-m-1 and tested negative for both blatem and blashv. based on these results low occurrence of esbl-producing enterobacte ... | 2012 | 23117989 |
| shiga toxin subtypes associated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from red deer, roe deer, chamois, and ibex. | a total of 52 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains, isolated from fecal samples of six ibex, 12 chamois, 15 roe deer, and 19 red deer were further characterized by subtyping the stx genes, examining strains for the top nine serogroups and testing for the presence of eae and ehxa. eleven of the 52 strains belonged to one of the top nine stec o groups (o26, o45, o91, o103, o111, o113, o121, o145, and o157). eight stec strains were of serogroup o145, two strains of serogroup o113, ... | 2012 | 22891940 |
| shedding of foodborne pathogens and microbial carcass contamination of hunted wild ruminants. | to assess the shedding of selected bacterial foodborne pathogens, fecal samples from 239 hunted wild red deer, roe deer, chamois, and ibex were examined. all samples tested negative for salmonella spp. and l. monocytogenes, but other listeria species were occasionally found. of the 239 fecal samples, 32.6% tested positive for stx (shiga toxins), 6.7% for eae (intimin) and 13.8% for both stx and eae genes. among the 56 isolated shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains, 44.6% harbored ... | 2012 | 22503394 |
| extension of occurrence area of the american fluke fascioloides magna in south-western poland. | liver fluke fascioloides magna is a typical parasite of american cervids. the reason for f. magna to appear in poland territory was bringing the american wapiti deer to those forests around 1850. along with these deer the aforementioned fluke was also introduced. the aim of this study was to present the case of finding of this species in cervids in bory zielonogórskie. samples of deer feces were collected in february 2015 in forest district krzystkowice. a total of 16 samples of feces were exami ... | 2015 | 26342504 |
| molecular characterization of fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae) from south-western poland based on mitochondrial markers. | the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna, is a veterinary important liver parasite of free living and domestic ruminants. this originally north american parasite was introduced along with its cervid hosts to europe where it has established three permanent natural foci - in northern italy, central and southern parts of the czech republic and the danube floodplain forests. the first record on fascioloidosis in poland originated from the lower silesian forest in south-western poland and since then ... | 2015 | 26204195 |
| molecular identification of fascioloides magna (bassi, 1875) from red deer from south-western poland (lower silesian wilderness) on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (its-2). | the study was conducted in 2012-2013 on 75 fecal samples of red deer from the lower silesian wilderness which were examined to determine the prevalence of fascioloides magna in the game population. finding liver fluke eggs in a single sample which were larger in size than fasciola hepatica eggs indicated that further molecular analysis was necessarily. the partial sequence (116 bp long) of its-2 of the investigated eggs was identical to the sequences of f. magna from red deer (cervus elaphus) (g ... | 2014 | 25286665 |
| wherefrom and whereabouts of an alien: the american liver fluke fascioloides magna in austria: an overview. | the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna, an invasive species originating from north america, was recorded in austria in the wild for the first time in 2000. since then, various data concerning the epidemiology in snail intermediate hosts and cervid final hosts have been reported. galba truncatula acts as snail intermediate host, and red deer, roe deer and fallow deer act as final hosts. g. truncatula is abundant throughout the region, especially along muddy shores of slow-flowing branches of th ... | 2014 | 24535172 |
| the origin of the giant liver fluke, fascioloides magna (trematoda: fasciolidae) from croatia determined by high-resolution melting screening of mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes. | the high-resolution melting (hrm) method, recently optimized as a reliable technique for population study of the european fascioloides magna populations, was applied to determine an origin of f. magna individuals from croatia. the structure and frequency of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (439 bp; cox1) haplotypes of 200 croatian flukes coming from 19 red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) livers were screened and compared with recently determined reference samples of f. magna from all e ... | 2013 | 23609601 |
| fascioloides magna--epizootiology in a deer farm in germany. | after initial observations of suspicious cases in 2009, the occurrence of fascioloides (f.) magna in deer of a deer farm located in northeastern bavaria, germany, at the border to the czech republic was confirmed in autumn 2011. in march 2012, the deer were treated for fascioloidosis with triclabendazole. to monitor the epizootiology of fascioloidosis in the farm, 80-100 faecal samples were examined for fascioloides eggs at monthly intervals from june 2012 to june 2013 inclusive. in addition, li ... | 2015 | 26054221 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in red deer - experimental infection and test methods performance. | the aim of this study was to evaluate a number of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) test methods for use in red deer. ten animals were intranasally inoculated with the fmd virus (fmdv) o ukg 11/2001, monitored for clinical signs, and samples taken regularly (blood, serum, oral swabs, nasal swabs, probang samples and lesion swabs, if present) over a 4-week period. only one animal, deer 1103, developed clinical signs (lesions under the tongue and at the coronary band of the right hind hoof). it tested ... | 2017 | 25907028 |
| a survey of tularemia in wild mammals from fennoscandia. | a total of 2696 wild mammals from fennoscandia were surveyed for tularemia. francisella tularensis was not detected in livers/spleens or kidneys from any of the 1992 small rodents captured in norway and denmark as judged by one or more of the following methods: cultivation, immunofluorescence microscopy and inoculation in laboratory mice. serologic examination of 704 wild mammals from norway, finland and sweden demonstrated 11 cases of antibody titers. agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated ... | 1977 | 24228959 |
| prevalence and molecular typing of giardia duodenalis in wildlife from eastern poland. | faecal samples from 162 wild animals were collected from 32 distinct sites of łęczyńsko-włodawskie lakeland (eastern poland). the presence of giardia duodenalis (stiles, 1902) was assessed by a direct fluorescence assay (dfa) and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing of a fragment of the beta-giardin gene. dfa showed the presence of cysts of g. duodenalis in 12 of 162 faecal samples (7%), namely in four wild boars (15%), four foxes (19%), two roe deer (4%), and two wolves (29%). pcr ... | 2015 | 26278650 |
| axenic in vitro culture and molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis from red deer (cervus elaphus) and thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii). | giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous flagellate that infects humans and many species of animals. this species exhibits great biotypic and genetic diversity. in the present study, we established short- and long-term in vitro cultures of g. duodenalis trophozoites originating from red deer and thomson's gazelle (artiodactyls) and genetically characterised the isolates by their glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase gene sequences. the g. duodenalis isolates from red deer and the gaz ... | 2014 | 25236290 |
| multilocus genotyping of giardia duodenalis isolates from red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from poland. | a total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of poland. giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from red deer and in two samples from roe deer. fragments of the beta-giardin (bg) triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were successfully amplified from the giardia isolate obtained from red deer, whereas only amplicons of bg and gdh were obtained from giardia isolates derived from two roe deer. the result of genotyping an ... | 2012 | 23136805 |
| benzimidazole resistance in haemonchus contortus recovered from farmed red deer. | thirty haemonchus contortus male worms were collected from farmed red deer yearlings in order to determine whether routine administration of albendazole for a long-term period (17 years) could select anthelmintic resistance. pcr-rflp method based on single-nucleotide polymorphism of codon 200 in isotype 1 ß-tubulin gene (phe200tyr) was applied. the results showed a significant frequency of either the resistant allele (85 %) or the homozygous resistant genotype (70 %). by chi-square test, hardy-w ... | 2016 | 27249966 |
| wild deer as potential vectors of anthelmintic-resistant abomasal nematodes between cattle and sheep farms. | gastrointestinal (gi) nematodes are among the most important causes of production loss in farmed ruminants, and anthelmintic resistance is emerging globally. we hypothesized that wild deer could potentially act as reservoirs of anthelmintic-resistant gi nematodes between livestock farms. adult abomasal nematodes and faecal samples were collected from fallow (n = 24), red (n = 14) and roe deer (n = 10) from venison farms and areas of extensive or intensive livestock farming. principal components ... | 2014 | 24552838 |
| hepatitis e virus in wild boars and spillover infection in red and roe deer, germany, 2013-2015. | to determine animal hepatitis e virus (hev) reservoirs, we analyzed serologic and molecular markers of hev infection among wild animals in germany. we detected hev genotype 3 strains in inner organs and muscle tissues of a high percentage of wild boars and a lower percentage of deer, indicating a risk for foodborne infection of humans. | 2017 | 27983488 |
| serologic and molecular survey of hepatitis e virus in german deer populations. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen that is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route and causes a usually self-limiting acute viral hepatitis. the virus is endemic in developing countries of africa, asia, and latin america and is responsible for sporadic cases in industrialized countries. in western europe, an increasing number of autochthonous cases have been associated with zoonotic transmissions of hev from domestic and wild animals. in germany, animal reservoirs for hev have bee ... | 2016 | 26528571 |
| belgian wildlife as potential zoonotic reservoir of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e is an acute human liver disease in healthy individuals but may become chronic in immunocompromised patients. it is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev) and can have a zoonotic origin, particularly in high-income countries. in this study, 383 sera from wild boars were selected for serology; for virological analyses, 69 sera and 61 livers from young wild boars were used. a total of 189 and 235 sera of, respectively, red deer and roe deer were collected for serological analysis. for vi ... | 2015 | 26518619 |
| presence of hepatitis e virus in a red deer (cervus elaphus) population in central italy. | hepatitis e is an acute human disease caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition to humans, hev has been detected in several animal species and is recognized as a zoonotic pathogen. pigs, wild boar and deer can be reservoir. in this study, we evaluated hev prevalence in a free-living red deer (cervus elaphus) population in central italy by detecting virus-specific antibodies and rna in sera. a total of 35 of 251 red deer sera were positive for anti-hev igg. hev rna was detected in 10 of ... | 2017 | 25892400 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus in populations of wild animals in comparison with animals bred in game enclosures. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is now accepted as a zoonotic virus, and domestic pigs, wild boars and deer are recognised as natural reservoirs of the pathogen. in this study, 762 animals (wild boars, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, roe deer and mouflons) originating from the wild and from game enclosures were tested for the presence of hev rna by qrt-pcr. hev rna was detected in wild boars (96/450), red deer (2/169), roe deer (1/30) and mouflons (5/39). the sequence relationship between hev isolates ... | 2015 | 25771162 |
| constant hepatitis e virus (hev) circulation in wild boar and red deer in spain: an increasing concern source of hev zoonotic transmission. | hepatitis e is a viral zoonosis that affects multiple hosts. the complete dynamics of infection in wildlife are still unknown, but the previous fact facilitates the maintenance and circulation of the virus, posing a risk to human health in the case of meat consumption from susceptible animals. in spain, it has been shown how domestic pigs, cattle and wildlife (i.e. wild boar and red deer) clearly interact in hunting farms, generating a complex epidemiological situation in terms of interspecies p ... | 2016 | 25571944 |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence in wildlife in poland. | hepatitis e is an important public health problem mostly in developing but occasionally also in industrialized countries. domestic and wildlife animals are considered reservoirs of the hepatitis e virus (hev). since no information on the prevalence of autochthonous hev infections in human and animal in poland is available, the aim of the study was to investigate the hev seroprevalence of different wildlife species as potential virus reservoirs in the country. no hev antibodies were found in any ... | 2015 | 24655475 |
| listeria monocytogenes in different specimens from healthy red deer and wild boars. | in the past, listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from game feces and meat. however, less information is available on the occurrence of l. monocytogenes in other specimens originating from game animals. hence, the aim of this study was to get an overview of the occurrence and distribution of l. monocytogenes in game animals by characterization of isolates from different matrices. for that purpose, samples were collected from red deer (cervus elaphus), wild boars (sus scrofa), and feed during ... | 2016 | 27159352 |
| development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens. | in order to quantify the impact of parasites on host population dynamics, experimental manipulations that perturb the parasite-host relationship are needed but, logistically, this is difficult for wild hosts. here, we describe the use of a delayed-release anthelmintic delivery system that can be administered when the hosts can be captured and its activity delayed until a more appropriate period in the host-parasite cycle. our model system is svalbard reindeer infected with a nematode parasite, m ... | 2012 | 22417532 |
| detection of wide genetic diversity and several novel strains among non-avium nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from farmed and wild animals in hungary. | besides mycobacterium avium numerous nontuberculous mycobacterium (ntm) species exist, which pose constant health risk to both humans and animals. the aim of our study was to identify non-avium ntm isolates from veterinary origin in hungary, and to detect the occurrence of rifampicin resistance among them. | 2016 | 27038193 |
| development of an interspecies nested dose-response model for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic inflammation of the intestines in humans, ruminants, and other species. it is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle, and has been implicated as the causative agent of crohn's disease in humans. to date, no quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) for map utilizing a dose-response function exists. the objective of this study is to develop a nested dose-response model for infection from oral exposure to map utiliz ... | 2015 | 25809926 |
| molecular identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum by duplex high-resolution melt analysis and subspecies-specific real-time pcr. | accurate identification of mycobacterial species and subspecies is essential to evaluate their significance and to perform epidemiological studies. the subspecies of mycobacterium avium have different attributes but coincide in their zoonotic potential. our knowledge about m. avium subsp. silvaticum is limited, since its identification is uncertain. mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and m. avium subsp. silvaticum can be discriminated from each other based only on phenotypic characteristics, as th ... | 2015 | 25740770 |
| use of ethanol extract of mycobacterium bovis for detection of specific antibodies in sera of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) with bovine tuberculosis. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) in wildlife species poses a threat to domestic livestock in many situations. control programs for btb in livestock depend on testing and slaughtering the positive animals; however, the currently available diagnostic tests often have poor specificity. in our previous study, we developed a specific and sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for another mycobacterial disease - johne's disease, using surface antigens of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis ... | 2013 | 24341485 |
| a randomised controlled trial of silirum vaccine for control of paratuberculosis in farmed red deer. | a randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of silirum vaccine in control of paratuberculosis in young farmed deer was carried out in 2008-2009 in six new zealand herds with a history of clinical disease. vaccination with silirum was carried out in four-month-old deer, and vaccinates (n=1671) and controls (n=1664) were weighed at vaccination and at 8 and 12 months old, when faecal samples were collected from 125 vaccinates and 123 controls on five farms. deer were slaughtered between 11 ... | 2013 | 24277915 |
| global gene expression profiling of monocyte-derived macrophages from red deer (cervus elaphus) genotypically resistant or susceptible to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) can cause a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, johne's disease (jd), in ruminant animals. this study has explored the molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility to this disease in red deer breeds previously confirmed to express polarised phenotypes by experimental infection trials and following natural infection. monocyte-derived macrophage cultures were obtained from uninfected red deer selected for either a resistant or susceptible p ... | 2013 | 23454067 |
| association between mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and lymph node size in new zealand farmed deer (cervus elaphus). | to develop and validate criteria for identification of abnormal lymph nodes (ln) at commercial slaughter, for the purpose of national surveillance for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in new zealand farmed deer. this included estimation of the predictive value of abnormal ln for map infection; a standard circumference cut-point for measurement of abnormal ln; and identification of risk factors associated with increasing ln circumference. | 2013 | 23442016 |
| innate immune markers that distinguish red deer (cervus elaphus) selected for resistant or susceptible genotypes for johne's disease. | while many factors contribute to resistance and susceptibility to infectious disease, a major component is the genotype of the host and the way in which it is expressed. johne's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting ruminants and is caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). we have previously identified red deer breeds (cervus elaphus) that are resistant; have a low rate of map infection and do not progress to develop johne's disease. in ... | 2013 | 23347398 |
| modelling transmission dynamics of paratuberculosis of red deer under pastoral farming conditions. | this study aimed to develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of paratuberculosis (ptb) in red deer (cervus elaphus) under pastoral farming conditions in new zealand. the model examined infectivity differences between ovine and bovine strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and seasonality of map survival. we also evaluate variable use of pasture and the effect of management interventions on the infection prevalence and annual clinical incidence of ptb. a stat ... | 2012 | 22480407 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in kidney samples of red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal: evaluation of different methods. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. the present work is part of a wider set of studies designed to assess the prevalence of paratuberculosis in free ranging red deer (cervus elaphus). with that purpose, 877 free-ranging red deer legally hunted in the centre-eastern portugal were submitted to necropsy and sampled for molecular methods, microbiology and his ... | 2017 | 28132959 |
| solid sage sequencing shows differential gene expression in jejunal lymph node samples of resistant and susceptible red deer (cervus elaphus) challenged with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study compared in vivo lymph node gene expression levels between six young red deer that were either relatively resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to paratuberculosis following experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. intestinal lymph nodes were biopsied at 4, 12 and 50 weeks post challenge (pc) and parallel changes in histopathology, immunology and bacterial load monitored. solid sage (serial analysis of gene expression) next generation sequencing of biopsied ... | 2016 | 26620077 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) with grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes. | to estimate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in farmed deer with no gross post-mortem evidence of map infection slaughtered in new zealand, and to assess predictors of infection. | 2013 | 23441922 |
| the modification and evaluation of an elisa test for the surveillance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wild ruminants. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is often used to test wildlife samples for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. however, commercially available kits are only validated for use with domestic ruminant species. a literature review was performed to document the current use of map serum elisa in wild and semi-domestic ruminants. we then modified and evaluated a commercial elisa kit (idexx mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibody test kit) for use with species for whic ... | 2013 | 23302439 |
| longitudinal pathogenesis study of young red deer (cervus elaphus) after experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | paratuberculosis progresses more quickly in young red deer than in sheep or cattle. this study describes the clinical, immunological and pathological changes over a 50-week period in fourteen 4-month-old red deer that received heavy oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). at 4 and 12 weeks post challenge they were anaesthetized and a section of jejunal lymph node was surgically removed for culture, histopathology, and genetic studies. all 14 deer became infected, n ... | 2012 | 22720193 |
| control of bovine tuberculosis in a farmed red deer herd in england. | this report describes how mycobacterium bovis infection was controlled and eventually eradicated in a farmed red deer herd in the north of england, following sustained tuberculin skin testing supplemented with serological (antibody) tests over a period of approximately two years. by taking advantage of the anamnestic antibody response produced by the skin test to detect skin test-negative, antibody-positive infected individuals, a total of 35 additional animals were identified, including 2 with ... | 2017 | 28100768 |
| association between vitamin d supplementation and severity of tuberculosis in wild boar and red deer. | tuberculosis (tb) is a chronic disease affecting humans and other mammal species. severity of tb caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans seems to be influenced by nutritional factors like vitamin d3 intake. however, this relationship has been scarcely studied in cattle and other mammals infected with mycobacterium bovis. the aim of this work was to assess if wildlife reservoirs of m. bovis show different levels of tb severity depending on the level of vitamin d found in serum after supple ... | 2016 | 27663379 |
| two alternative dna extraction methods to improve the detection of mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex members in cattle and red deer tissue samples. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), which is caused by mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae, is a notifiable animal disease in germany. diagnostic procedure is based on a prescribed protocol that is published in the framework of german btb legislation. in this protocol small sample volumes are used for dna extraction followed by real-time pcr analyses. as mycobacteria tend to concentrate in granuloma and the infected tissue in early stages of infection does not necessarily show any visible lesions, it is li ... | 2016 | 27629399 |
| spoligotype diversity and 5-year trends of bovine tuberculosis in extremadura, southern spain. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) causes significant losses to farming economies worldwide. a better understanding on the epidemiology of this disease and the role that the different hosts develop in the maintenance and spread of btb is vital to control this zoonotic disease. this study reports the spoligotype diversity and temporal evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) isolates obtained from extremadura (southern spain). genotyping data of mycobacterium bovis (n = 2102) and mycobacteri ... | 2016 | 27524741 |
| tuberculosis, genetic diversity and fitness in the red deer, cervus elaphus. | understanding how genetic diversity, infections and fitness interact in wild populations is a major challenge in ecology and management. these interactions were addressed through heterozygosity-fitness correlation analyses, by assessing the genetic diversity, tuberculosis (tb) and body size in adult red deer. heterozygosity-fitness correlation models provided a better understanding of the link between genetic diversity and tb at individual and population levels. a single local effect was found f ... | 2016 | 27245150 |
| oral administration of heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis reduces the response of farmed red deer to avian and bovine tuberculin. | orally delivered mycobacterial antigens may not sensitize the immunized animals causing a positive tuberculin skin test response. as the first step to address this critical issue, we characterized the response of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) to orally delivered heat-inactivated mycobacterium bovis. thirty-two adult red deer hinds from a farm known to be free of tuberculosis (tb) were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups, immunized (n=24) and control (n=8). immunized hinds were ... | 2016 | 27032499 |
| mycobacterium spp. in wild game in slovenia. | wildlife species are an important reservoir of mycobacterial infections that may jeopardise efforts to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis (btb), caused by mycobacterium bovis. slovenia is officially free of btb, but no data on the presence of mycobacteria in wild animals has been reported. in this study, samples of liver and lymph nodes were examined from 306 apparently healthy free-range wild animals of 13 species in slovenia belonging to the families cervidae, suidae, canidae, mustelida ... | 2016 | 26639827 |
| factors that influence mycobacterium bovis infection in red deer and wild boar in an epidemiological risk area for tuberculosis of game species in portugal. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a worldwide zoonotic disease of domestic and wild animals. eradication has proved elusive in those countries with intensive national programmes but with ongoing transmission between wildlife and cattle. in portugal, a high-risk area for btb was defined and specific measures implemented to assess and minimize the risk from wildlife. data from the 2011 to 2014 hunting seasons for red deer (cervus elaphus) and wild boar (sus scrofa) were analysed with bovine demographic ... | 2015 | 26519121 |
| [bovine tuberculosis still not to be forgotten even in the czech republic]. | bovine tuberculosis is caused by two obligate pathogenic species, mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae, that cause severe disease in animals and humans. the oral route of infection causing extrapulmonary forms of the disease in humans is more common than aerogenic infection causing pulmonary tuberculosis. significant risk factors for the development of diseases in humans are mainly consuming insufficiently heat-treated milk or meat from infected animals. since 2004, the czech republic has been list ... | 2015 | 26312376 |
| new insights into mycobacterium bovis prevalence in wild mammals in portugal. | a survey to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium bovis in wild mammals in portugal was conducted by testing samples from hunted animals and those found dead between 2009 and 2013. in this study, we investigated 2116 wild mammals. post-mortem examinations were performed, and tissues were collected from wild mammals representing 8 families and 11 different species, with a total of 393 animals analysed. cultures were performed, and acid-fast isolates were identified by pcr. tissues were also s ... | 2016 | 25484245 |
| evaluating the tuberculosis hazard posed to cattle from wildlife across europe. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) and other closely related members of the m. tuberculosis complex (mtc) infects many domestic and wildlife species across europe. transmission from wildlife species to cattle complicates the control of disease in cattle. by determining the level of tb hazard for which a given wildlife species is responsible, the potential for transmission to the cattle population can be evaluated. we undertook a quantitative review of tb ha ... | 2014 | 24423727 |
| sex-related differences in body condition and serum biochemical parameters in red deer (cervus elaphus) naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | although mycobacterium bovis infection is commonly reported in red deer (cervus elaphus), potential differences in the effects of infection on male and female animals in terms of body condition and clinical biochemistry have not been reported. between november 2000 and january 2006, serum and biometrical data were collected post-mortem from 88 red deer. m. bovis-infected deer, particularly males, were typically older, heavier and in poorer body condition than uninfected animals. serum triglyceri ... | 2013 | 24262346 |
| spatial and temporal interactions between livestock and wildlife in south central spain assessed by camera traps. | the diversification of livestock farms into hunting estates in south central spain (scs) may impede the success of mycobacterium bovis eradication programmes by facilitating transmission between wildlife and livestock. in this observational study we aimed to provide information of relevance about the nature and frequency of interactions (observed visits to study points) between livestock (cattle and domestic pigs) and wildlife (wild boar and red deer). the study was conducted in an extensive cat ... | 2013 | 24050782 |
| importance and mitigation of the risk of spillback transmission of mycobacterium bovis infection for eradication of bovine tuberculosis from wildlife in new zealand. | introduced brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) are wildlife maintenance hosts for mycobacterium bovis in new zealand, often living sympatrically with other potential hosts, including wild red deer (cervus elaphus scoticus). population control of possums has been predicted to eradicate tuberculosis (tb) from new zealand wildlife ; however, there is concern that long-lived m. bovis-infected deer could represent a ‘ spillback’ risk for tb re-establishment (particularly when possum populations ... | 2013 | 23211646 |
| surveillance for mycobacterium bovis transmission from domestic cattle to wild ruminants in a mexican wildlife-livestock interface area. | to assess the prevalence of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and wild ruminants (wrs) in a wildlife-livestock interface area (wlia) of the mexican highland plateau. | 2012 | 23013189 |
| evaluation of serodiagnostic assays for mycobacterium bovis infection in elk, white-tailed deer, and reindeer in the united states. | in 2011, the united states department of agriculture conducted a project in which elk (cervus elaphus spp.), white-tailed deer (wtd) (odocoileus virginianus), and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were evaluated by the single cervical tuberculin test (sct), comparative cervical tuberculin test (cct), and serologic tests. the rapid antibody detection tests evaluated were the cervidtb stat-pak (stat-pak), and the dual path platform vettb (dpp). blood was collected from presumably uninfected animals pri ... | 2012 | 22792512 |
| effects of culling eurasian wild boar on the prevalence of mycobacterium bovis and aujeszky's disease virus. | worldwide, failure to eradicate a disease in livestock has sometimes been related to wildlife reservoirs of infection. we describe the effects of eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) abundance reduction through increased culling on the prevalence of two chronic infectious diseases, tuberculosis (tb) and aujeszky's disease (ad), in a region of south-central spain (scs). the two infections studied responded differently to an approximately 50% reduction of wild boar abundance. wild boar tb prevalence re ... | 2012 | 22743215 |
| spatially explicit modeling of animal tuberculosis at the wildlife-livestock interface in ciudad real province, spain. | eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) are the most important wildlife reservoirs for animal tuberculosis (tb) caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc), in mediterranean spain. these species are considered to play an important role in the transmission and persistence of mtc in cattle in some regions; however the factors contributing to the risk of transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface and the areas at highest risk for such transmission are largely ... | 2016 | 27237396 |
| temporal trend of tuberculosis in wild ungulates from mediterranean spain. | tuberculosis (tb), a chronic disease caused by infection with the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is endemic in wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain. understanding the temporal dynamics of this chronic infection requires long time series data collection over large areas. the aim of this paper was to identify the determinants of tb prevalence and severity in both species in ciudad real province, spain, from 2000 to 2012. study variables included manageme ... | 2013 | 24171854 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in red deer from central italy. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are cosmopolite protozoan parasites impacting on human and animal health. in particular, t. gondii commonly infects human beings and all warm-blooded animals, while n. caninum is responsible for bovine abortion and neuromuscular disease in dogs. the aim of the presented survey was to evaluate the occurrence and prevalence of these parasites in the most numerous italian red deer population. the sera of 60 red deer (cervus elaphus) inhabiting central italy (4 ... | 2016 | 28030947 |
| effect of different ecosystems and management practices on toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in wild ruminants in spain. | toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are two major abortifacient protozoans in domestic small ruminants and cattle, respectively, and they also parasitize a wide range of wildlife. numerous serosurveys have been conducted in wild ruminants worldwide. however, the potential effect of different ecosystems and management practices on these infections has not been investigated. we studied the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii and n. caninum in wild ruminants between 2007 and 2012 from four nat ... | 2016 | 26967135 |
| statistical evaluation of a commercial neospora caninum competitive elisa in the absence of a gold standard: application to wild elk (cervus elaphus) in alberta. | neospora caninum is an important abortive agent of domestic ruminants, but few diagnostic tools are available to reliably assess the exposure of wild cervid species such as elk (cervus elaphus) to this pathogen, which limits our ability to understand their role in the life cycle of this parasite. in the absence of a gold standard test or panels of samples from individuals of known infection status, classical laboratory-based validation methods are not applicable. however, there are a number of s ... | 2014 | 24861013 |
| first description of onchocerca jakutensis (nematoda: filarioidea) in red deer (cervus elaphus) in switzerland. | twenty-seven species of the genus onchocerca (nematoda; filarioidea) can cause a vector-borne parasitic disease called onchocercosis. most onchocerca species infect wild and domestic ungulates or the dog, and one species causes river blindness in humans mainly in tropical africa. the european red deer (cervus e. elaphus) is host to four species, which are transmitted by blackflies (simuliids) or biting midges (ceratopogonids). two species, onchocerca flexuosa and onchocerca jakutensis, produce s ... | 2016 | 27617204 |
| levels of infection, pathology and nodule size of onchocerca flexuosa (nematoda: onchocercidae) in red deer (cervus elaphus) from northern spain. | between 2005 and 2007, the presence of onchocerca flexuosa (wedl, 1856) was discovered and investigated in 110 red deer (cervus elaphus) shot in the riaño regional hunting reserve, in the province of león (north-western spain). nodules containing o. flexuosa were located in the dorsal region and flanks of the deer. these were collected and measured, and some adult parasites were extracted from the nodules and identified by morphology and by obtaining mitochondrial 12s rdna sequences, which were ... | 2015 | 24622346 |
| orf virus infection in a hunter in western austria, presumably transmitted by game. | a variety of animals host parapoxviruses. orf virus is prevalent in sheep and goats in the tyrol region of austria and northern italy. zoonotic infections in humans mostly occur after occupational exposure. we report here a case of a hunter with a typical orf lesion (contagious ecthyma) on the finger, with no history of direct contact with domestic animals. three weeks previously he had been hunting chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and cut his finger while handling a carcass. parapoxvirus infection ... | 2014 | 23995221 |
| a foreign invader or a reclusive native? dna bar coding reveals a distinct european lineage of the zoonotic parasite schistosoma turkestanicum (syn. orientobilharzia turkestanicum ()). | natural foci of schistosoma turkestanicum (syn. orientobilharzia turkestanicum) has been identified in the gemenc forest regions of hungary utilising red deer as the definitive host. in order to identify the origins of this parasite in europe standard dna bar coding techniques were employed to sequence fragments of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed region (its) from 10 individual adult male worms. phylogenetic reconstruction using maximum likelihood p ... | 2013 | 23220360 |
| molecular identification of the rumen flukes paramphistomum leydeni and paramphistomum cervi in a concurrent infection of the red deer cervus elaphus. | paramphistomosis, caused by paramphistomid flukes, is a gastrointestinal parasitic disease of domestic and wild ruminants. originally thought to be limited to the tropics and subtropics, the disease has recently been reported in temperate regions. here we describe the concurrent infection of a red deer doe (cervus elaphus) with paramphistomum leydeni and paramphistomum cervi. this is the first report of p. leydeni in croatia. flukes were identified on the basis of morphological keys (tegumental ... | 2016 | 27813468 |
| retrospective study of central nervous system lesions and association with parelaphostrongylus species by histology and specific nested polymerase chain reaction in domestic camelids and wild ungulates. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from elk (cervus elaphus), goats, and camelids with case histories and lesions suggestive of parelaphostrongylus tenuis were examined by histology to characterize lesions that could aid in definitively diagnosing p. tenuis infection. additionally, sections of paraffin-embedded tissue were used in a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) using parelaphostrongylus-specific primers to determine how pcr results corresponded with histological findings. histo ... | 2014 | 25274743 |
| parapoxvirus (ppv) of red deer reveals subclinical infection and confirms a unique species. | parapoxvirus (ppv) infections are of worldwide importance, particularly in sheep and goat herds. owing to the zoonotic potential of all ppv species, they are a permanent threat to human health as well. the virus is also known to affect wildlife, as reported for pinnipeds, red deer and several other wild ruminants. ppvs found in red deer have been claimed as a unique species according to certain genomic features. so far infection of wildlife has been recognized because of clinical manifestation s ... | 2015 | 25701822 |
| milk drop due to leptospirosis in dairy cows. | leptospiral milk drop in dairy cows. pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis in a cow. systemic pasteurellosis in lambs. encephalopathy due to water deprivation/salt poisoning suspected in weaned lambs. biliary cystadenoma in a red deer hind. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for november 2014 from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs). | 2015 | 25748187 |
| characterization of rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (sus scrofa), red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus). | rhodococcus equi is a soil saprophyte and an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in animals, and rarely in humans. the presence of r. equi in tissues and faeces of some wild animal species was demonstrated previously. in this study we characterized r. equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of free-living wild boars (n=23), red deer (n=2) and roe deer (n=2). this is the first description of r. equi strains isolated from tissues of the cervidae. all isolates were initially recognized as ... | 2014 | 24878324 |
| the first detection and whole genome characterization of the g6p[15] group a rotavirus strain from roe deer. | although rotaviruses have been detected in a variety of host species, there are only limited records of their occurrence in deer, where their role is unknown. in this study, group a rotavirus was identified in roe deer during a study of enteric viruses in game animals. 102 samples of intestinal content were collected from roe deer (56), wild boars (29), chamois (10), red deer (6) and mouflon (1), but only one sample from roe deer was positive. following whole genome sequence analysis, the rotavi ... | 2016 | 27374907 |
| phylogenetic relationships among sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene. | coccidian parasites in the genus sarcocystis have a two-host life cycle, and have traditionally been identified on the basis of morphological features of the sarcocyst stage in their intermediate hosts. additional molecular species identification, delimitation and phylogeny of sarcocystis spp. have been based mainly on the nuclear ssrrna gene. this gene is well suited for discrimination between more distant species but less so for closely related species. the objective of this study was therefor ... | 2013 | 23542092 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of sarcocystis taeniata and sarcocystis pilosa n. sp. from the sika deer (cervus nippon) in lithuania. | the diaphragm muscles of eight sika deer (cervus nippon) bred in lithuania were examined for sarcocystis cysts. two sarcocystis species, sarcocystis taeniata, which were previously reported in canadian moose (alces alces) and argentinean red deer (cervus elaphus), and sarcocystis pilosa n. sp. were described using light microscopy (lm), transmission electron microscopy (tem), 18s ribosomal dna (rdna), and subunit i of cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) sequences analysis. by lm, cysts of s. taeniata we ... | 2016 | 27086872 |
| sarcocystis species in red deer revisited: with a re-description of two known species as sarcocystis elongata n. sp. and sarcocystis truncata n. sp. based on mitochondrial cox1 sequences. | in a previous investigation, five sarcocystis species were described from norwegian red deer and believed to be conspecific with species occurring in either reindeer or moose based on sarcocyst morphology and nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal dna unit. the aim of the present study was to characterize numerous isolates of these sarcocyst types at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1) in order to corroborate or refute previous species designations of sarcocystis ... | 2014 | 24230915 |
| [sacrocystis hjorti lesions in hunted red deer in switzerland]. | in meat samples from 2 hunted red deer (cervus elaphus) of different origins (region ilanz, region filisur) large-scale greenish tissue discolorations with a gelatinous change of fascia were observed and diagnosed as eosinophilic fasciitis. sarcocystis hjorti, a recently described sarcocystis species in red deer and moose in norway, was found as the causing agent. foxes are regarded as final hosts in the development cycle of this parasite. factors leading to such cases of eosinophilic fasciitis ... | 2012 | 23188766 |
| spiculopteragia asymmetrica infection in cervus elaphus from iran. | spiculopteragia asymmetrica is a gastrointestinal nematode frequently found in the abomasum of cervids. during december and february 2010, two red deer were died in semeskandeh sanctuary in mazandaran province. moreover, five live deer from mentioned area were treated by ivermectin and collected feces of these animals were used for assessment helminthes infection by parasitological methods. several nematodes were recovered in abomasums and in fecal samples of treated animals. number of worms rec ... | 2014 | 25568698 |