| loracarbef vs. cefaclor in pediatric skin and skin structure infections. | a double blind, randomized clinical trial involving 214 children, ages 6 months to 12 years, compared the safety and effectiveness of the new carbacephem loracarbef and the cephalosporin cefaclor for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. the two agents were given primarily as oral suspensions. dosages were 15 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for loracarbef and 20 mg/kg/day in three divided doses for cefaclor. assessment 72 hours after completion of the 7-day course of treatment indi ... | 1992 | 1513609 |
| ten-year review of otitis media pathogens. | data collected from 1980 to 1989 by investigators at the pittsburgh otitis media research center were examined to detect changes over time in the prevalence of bacteria isolated from middle ear effusions in patients with otitis media. the organisms isolated most commonly from the 7396 effusions cultured at the center were streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. s. pneumoniae predominated in the subgroup of patients with acute otitis media, whereas h. influenzae was isolated most fre ... | 1992 | 1513611 |
| uvulitis in three children: etiology and respiratory distress. | uvulitis is an uncommonly reported disorder with the potential for significant morbidity. we describe three cases of uvulitis seen within a six month period in our emergency department. in two cases with respiratory distress, but without epiglottitis, haemophilus influenzae was isolated from throat or blood cultures. the third case was associated with group a streptococcus tonsillitis and no respiratory compromise. atypical presentations of upper airway infection with h. influenzae may be increa ... | 1992 | 1513729 |
| clinical trials on pediatric lower-respiratory-tract infection: results and comments with cefetamet pivoxil. | a total of 30 pediatric patients suffering from lower-respiratory-tract infections were admitted to a three-arm, open, randomized study comparing two different doses of cefetamet pivoxil (either 10 or 20 mg/kg b.i.d.; groups a and b, respectively) with the standard cefaclor treatment (10 mg/kg t.i.d.; group c) for 7-12 days. the 30 cases were randomly assigned to the three treatment arms which were comparable with regard to demographics as well as to diagnosis on admission and concomitant medica ... | 1992 | 1516462 |
| efficacy and safety of a haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine. | a polyribosylribitol phosphate (polysaccharide)-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (prp-t) against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was evaluated for safety and efficacy after vaccination of more than 100,000 infants. no major side effects were attributed to the vaccine. immunogenicity studies showed an antibody response in 70% to 100% of infants after two doses, and in 98% to 100% of infants after three doses, within the first 6 months of life. antibodies persisted in 90% of recipients, in wh ... | 1992 | 1517908 |
| [pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in the pediatric field]. | panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) is a mixture of panipenem (papm), carbapenem antibiotic, and betamipron (bp), n-benzoyl-beta-alanine. the adverse reaction to papm of the kidney is reduced by the addition of bp to papm which inhibits the anion transport in the kidney tubules. we studied the pharmacokinetics and the clinical efficacies of papm/bp in children and we evaluated the antibacterial activities of papm by determining mic values of papm in vitro against organisms isolated in our children's ... | 1992 | 1518128 |
| bronchitis mimicking opportunistic lung infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/aids. | purulent bronchitis was identified in 19 of 422 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy during a 32-month period because of suspicion of an opportunistic lung infection complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection. five patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but other opportunistic lung infections were excluded in the remaining 14 patients. characteristics of these 14 patients included fever (greater than 38.3 degrees c), cough, and dyspnea ... | 1992 | 1518586 |
| [antimicrobial activities of ceftriaxone against clinically isolated strains]. | antibiotic activities (mics) of ceftriaxone (ctrx) against 1,210 strains of bacteria including 28 spp. isolated in 1987 and 1990 were compared with those of other cephems. 1. when compared to data on clinically isolated strains reported in the early 1980s, strains of the following species isolated in 1990 showed extremely elevated mic90s of ctrx: staphylococcus spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., serratia spp., proteus vulgaris, morganella morga ... | 1992 | 1522669 |
| [studies on meropenem in the field of pediatrics]. | the pharmacokinetics and the clinical effectiveness of meropenem (mepm) were examined in the field of pediatrics. the results are summarized as follows. 1. a 4-year-6-month-old girl with suppurative meningitis (haemophilus influenzae) was treated by intravenous drip infusion of mepm in a daily dose of 29 mg/kg which was divided into 4 dosages, each dosage being infused over 30 minutes, and the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was determined. upon completion of infusion on the 2nd day of ... | 1992 | 1522681 |
| epitope analysis of an immunodominant domain on the p1 protein of haemophilus influenzae type b using synthetic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies. | synthetic peptides, anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) and human and murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used to further define a major antigenic domain on the outer membrane p1 protein (omp) of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). synthetic peptides were elaborated from the known primary sequences of the p1 protein of prototype hib strains minna (omp subtype 1h) and 8358 (omp subtype 6u). by peptide mapping, antibodies are categorized into three groups: a, b and c. a first epitope on the ... | 1992 | 1522798 |
| vaccine errors. | | 1992 | 1522916 |
| immunization with oligosaccharide conjugate haemophilus influenzae type b (hboc) vaccine on a large health maintenance organization population: extended follow-up and impact on haemophilus influenzae disease epidemiology. the kaiser permanente pediatric vaccine study group. | between february, 1988, and june, 1990, the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the hboc (oligosaccharide conjugate haemophilus influenza type b) vaccine was evaluated in a prelicensure trial performed in a study population of 61,080 children within the northern california kaiser permanente medical care program. in this evaluation the hboc vaccine was found to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in infancy. since licensure an estimated 162,000 additional doses of hboc vaccine have been given ... | 1992 | 1523069 |
| the influence of the stomach on crop function and feeding behavior in domestic turkeys. | we tested the hypotheses that motility of the crop and muscular stomach are coordinated and that the stomach exerts primary control over crop filling and emptying in domestic turkeys. simultaneous recordings of motility of the crop, esophagus, and stomach with implanted strain gauge transducers and visual observations of food passage using image intensification radiography revealed an inverse relationship between the frequency of stomach and crop contractions. artificially filling the stomach of ... | 1992 | 1523251 |
| clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of patients with acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. | this multicenter study compared the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate, in the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. | 1992 | 1524078 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1524347 |
| comparison of the expression of a mutant dihydrofolate reductase under control of different internal promoters in retroviral vectors. | to determine the effect of different promoters on the expression of an altered dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene conferring methotrexate (mtx) resistance in different cell types, double-copy retroviral vectors were constructed carrying a murine mutant dhfr under the control of five different promoters, i.e., human adenosine deaminase (ada), simian virus 40 (sv40), thymidine kinase (tk), human beta-actin, and cytomegalovirus (cmv). their expression was compared in nih-3t3 cells, three human leu ... | 1992 | 1525211 |
| cefaclor advanced formulation versus cefaclor in the treatment of pneumonia. | the use of cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor af) in the treatment of pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms was investigated in a multi-center trial conducted in the united kingdom and the united states. a total of 266 patients were enrolled in this double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel study; 132 patients were treated with cefaclor af and 134 patients received the reference drug cefaclor. inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, with a posi ... | 1992 | 1525791 |
| appendicitis due to both streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | | 1992 | 1526244 |
| disruption of the gene encoding the secreted acid protease (acp) in the yeast candida tropicalis. | the gene for the secreted acid protease (acp), a potential virulence factor of candida species, was inactivated in candida tropicalis by gene disruption. the disruption was performed by cotransformation of an ade2 c. tropicalis mutant with a linear dna fragment carrying a deletion in acp, and the replicative vector pmk16 which carries a selectable ade2 gene marker. few of the transformants exhibited lower protease secretion levels and were shown to have one deleted and one unaffected acp copy, s ... | 1992 | 1526448 |
| clinical and bacteriological experience with cefodizime in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | 1 or 2 g doses of cefodizime i.m. were studied in 287 patients admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, mostly associated with haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae or moraxella catarrhalis. pharmacokinetic studies in serum and sputum on the first treatment day yielded mean peak serum concentrations of 50 to 100 mg/l, with corresponding sputum concentrations of 1.4 and 2.7 mg/l, after the two respective doses. no great differences were found betwee ... | 1992 | 1526671 |
| review of effectiveness of cefodizime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections with parenchymal involvement. | the efficacy of cefodizime (cdz) in lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) with parenchymal involvement was assessed by the analysis of data from 919 patients who participated in four controlled, randomized studies and three open studies. sputum bacteriology and a chest x-ray were performed at baseline and after therapy. a total of 778 patients were evaluable for clinical efficacy and 451 for bacteriological efficacy. the most frequent pathogen was streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by staphy ... | 1992 | 1526672 |
| changes in lymphocyte subpopulations in patients treated with cefodizime for acute lower respiratory tract infections. | the influence of cefodizime (cdz) on cd4 and cd8 lymphocytes was investigated in patients with lower respiratory tract infection and underlying respiratory diseases. ten men and one woman were treated with cdz 1 g i.m. b.i.d. for ten days. the infecting organisms were haemophilus influenzae (5), streptococcus pneumoniae (2) and escherichia coli (1). no adverse events were reported. nine patients were clinically cured; two required further antibiotic therapy. leucocyte counts decreased significan ... | 1992 | 1526680 |
| protein phosphorylation in retinal pigment epithelium of long-evans and royal college of surgeons rats. | cultures of retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) from normal long-evans (le) and dystrophic royal college of surgeons (rcs) rats were incubated with 32p-orthophosphate and then phagocytically challenged with isolated rod outer segments (ros) or polystyrene latex spheres (psl). the 32p incorporation into individual proteins was quantified by image analysis of two-dimensional gel autoradiograms, and changes in phosphorylation were identified by comparison with unchallenged control cultures. phosphoryl ... | 1992 | 1526733 |
| microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis in children. | to determine the bacteriologic cause of acute sinusitis, a sample of sinus secretions must be obtained from one of the paranasal sinuses without contamination by normal respiratory or oral flora that colonize mucosal surfaces. when maxillary sinus aspiration is performed on children who have signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis, bacteria are recovered in high density from 70%. in patients with acute, subacute, or chronic sinusitis who are generally well except for persistent respiratory symptom ... | 1992 | 1527336 |
| the microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the university of virginia and review of other selected studies. | pretreatment sinus puncture was performed on 339 patients with acute community-acquired sinusitis (acas) between 1975 and 1990. bacterial species recovered in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) from 383 sinus aspirates included streptococcus pneumoniae, 92 (41%); haemophilus influenzae, 79 (35%); anaerobes, 17 (7%); streptococcal species, 16 (7%); moraxella catarrhalis, 8 (4%); staphylococcus aureus, 7 (33%); and other, 8 (4%). viruses (rhinovir ... | 1992 | 1527337 |
| antimicrobial therapy of pediatric patients with sinusitis. | the mainstay of medical therapy for acute and subacute sinusitis is the selection of an antimicrobial agent based on an appreciation of the usual bacterial pathogens that include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. amoxicillin is appropriate therapy for patients with uncomplicated sinusitis in geographic areas in which the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing pathogens is less than 20%. if a patient does not respond to amoxicillin or in areas in which t ... | 1992 | 1527339 |
| distinct plasmid profiles of pasteurella haemolytica serotypes and the characterization and amplification in escherichia coli of ampicillin-resistance plasmids encoding rob-1 beta-lactamase. | thirty-five isolates of pasteurella haemolytica from cattle or sheep were screened for the presence of plasmids and for resistance to a range of antibiotics. eight strains (four of serotype a1, three of serotype a2 and one untypable) contained plasmid dna and isolates of the same serotype had similar plasmid profiles, which were different from those of the other serotypes. all but one of the plasmid-bearing strains were isolated from pneumonic animals or from animals in contact with pneumonic ca ... | 1992 | 1527493 |
| detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum from cystic fibrosis patients by the polymerase chain reaction. | a dna amplification procedure using heat stable taq polymerase and the polymerase chain reaction is described for the detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa in specimens from cystic fibrosis patients. a set of primers was selected on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the algd gene encoding gdp mannose dehydrogenase, a major enzyme in the biosynthesis of alginate by p. aeruginosa. using this set of primers in conjunction with the polymerase chain reaction, p. aeruginosa could be specifically d ... | 1992 | 1528200 |
| outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by haemophilus influenzae type b. | for better definition of the clinical course and outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), we reviewed the medical records of children who were initially managed as outpatients and subsequently found to be bacteremic. at yale-new haven hospital (1971 to 1987) and the children's hospital of philadelphia (1982 to 1987), 69 previously healthy children were identified with occult hib bacteremia. their median age was 14 months (range, 4 to 89 months). t ... | 1992 | 1528640 |
| children with haemophilus influenzae bacteremia initially treated as outpatients: outcome in 85 american indian children. | eighty-five american indian children less than 16 years of age with haemophilus influenzae bacteremia were retrospectively determined to have been treated as outpatients after their initial evaluation. we hoped to determine the proportion that developed new foci, the time interval to this development and whether age or temperature at presentation predicted outcome. fifty-one (60%) presented with nonfocal findings. seventy-two (85%) were treated with antibiotics at the initial visit. although 49 ... | 1992 | 1528641 |
| clarithromycin, a unique macrolide. a pharmacokinetic, microbiological, and clinical overview. | the in vitro and in vivo spectrum of antibacterial activity of clarithromycin is summarized and related to its human pharmacokinetics. in vitro studies by several investigators have documented clarithromycin's activity against bacterial agents of respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. clinical cure rates of 52%-83% (pneumonia), 79%-96% (bronchitis), 82%-96% (pharyngitis), 58% (sinusitis), and 78% (skin/skin-structure infections) have bee ... | 1992 | 1530914 |
| transferrins and heme-compounds as iron sources for pathogenic bacteria. | the low concentration of free iron in body fluids creates bacteriostatic conditions for many microorganisms and is therefore an important defense factor of the body against invading bacteria. pathogenic bacteria have developed several mechanisms for acquiring iron from the host. siderophore-mediated iron uptake involves the synthesis of low molecular weight iron chelators called siderophores which compete with the host iron-binding glycoproteins lactoferrin (lf) and transferrin (tf) for iron. ot ... | 1992 | 1532495 |
| effect of pertussis toxin on susceptibility of infant rats to haemophilus influenzae type b. | pertussis toxin is an important virulence factor of bordetella pertussis that may also contribute to the toxicity of pertussis vaccines. the effect of low doses of pertussis toxin on response to haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) infection was examined in infant rats. pretreatment of rats with 10 or 100 ng of pertussis toxin increased blood bacterial concentration (p less than .01), serum endotoxin levels (p less than .01), and mortality (p less than .05) relative to saline pretreated controls ... | 1992 | 1533239 |
| clarithromycin in vitro activity enhanced by its major metabolite, 14-hydroxyclarithromycin. | 14-hydroxyclarithromycin, an active metabolite of clarithromycin, was compared for antimicrobial activity alone and in combination with the parent compound. the 14-hydroxyclarithromycin potency was comparable to that of clarithromycin, but was more active against haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 1 microgram/ml). combination mics at pharmacokinetic ratios produced end points equal to the most active component of the combination. however, checkerboard mics and kill-curve studies suggested enhanced i ... | 1992 | 1533827 |
| low levels of coagulation inhibitors in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | to investigate levels of coagulation inhibitors in sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis, commercially available antigen assays were used for immunochemical determination of antithrombin iii, protein c and free protein s. sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis showed significantly lowered levels of all measured inhibitors as compared to controls (student's t test). protein c (mean +/- sd): 0.70 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.28 +/- ... | 1992 | 1533851 |
| a vaccine carrier derived from neisseria meningitidis with mitogenic activity for lymphocytes. | protein carriers vary in their ability to increase the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic or t-lymphocyte-independent antigens. we examined one such carrier, the outer membrane protein complex derived from neisseria meningitidis serogroup b strain b11, in an attempt to determine why this outer membrane protein complex was more immunogenic in young infants and in relevant animal models than two other carriers used in conjugates made with haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide, a t-cell-in ... | 1992 | 1533934 |
| polymorphism in the rd (d6s45) gene. | the rd (d6s45) gene in the class iii region of the hla major histocompatibility complex encodes a protein normally containing 24 consecutive basic-acidic dipeptide repeats. we determined the frequency of variations in the number of repeats by use of the polymerase chain reaction. of 107 subjects 7 (3.3%) carried genes encoding 22 or 23 repeats. there was no difference in the frequency of such polymorphisms between normal individuals and those with systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease associat ... | 1992 | 1534063 |
| respiratory immunity stimulated by intestinal immunization with purified nontypeable haemophilus influenzae antigens. | | 1992 | 1534109 |
| [immunochemical determination of gentamicin in serum. ii. preparation of polyclonal gentamicin antibodies]. | the author describes the preparation of polyclonal rabbit antibodies against gentamicin. as immunogens gentamicin conjugates with bovine serum albumin were used, or else with thyroglobulin and haemocyanin. the immunization pattern involved combined administration of immunogens by the intravenous route, or by the intramuscular or intradermal route, using liposomes and complete freund adjuvant. the highest antibody titres against gentamicin found by the elisa method were obtained when procedures w ... | 1992 | 1534524 |
| back and upper limb disorders. | | 1992 | 1534603 |
| effects of the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on sexual behavior in male rats. | the new nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole (cgs 16949a, ciba-geigy corp.), was tested for its ability (i) to inhibit the conversion of testosterone (t) to estradiol (e2) in brain and (ii) to suppress male sexual activity. sprague-dawley rats were castrated and immediately given sc silastic t-implants and osmotic minipumps delivering 2.5 mg/kg/day fadrozole (n = 4), 0.25 mg/kg/day fadrozole (n = 4), or water (n = 4 controls). t-implants were removed after 6 days and, 3 days later, 3h-t ( ... | 1992 | 1535332 |
| molecular epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae type b in the gambia. | one hundred two invasive and 64 noninvasive isolates of haemophilus influenzae were collected in the course of a 2-year prospective field study on the epidemiology of h. influenzae meningitis in the gambia. the isolates were serotyped, biotyped, and subtyped by outer membrane protein (omp) profile analysis (omp subtyping). h. influenzae meningitis was found to be caused by serotype b (95%). in invasive disease, serotype a, although present in the throat of healthy children, caused only occasiona ... | 1992 | 1537907 |
| immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine in children with sickle hemoglobinopathy or malignancies, and after systemic haemophilus influenzae type b infection. | to determine the immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine in specific populations at risk, we administered vaccine to children with sickle cell anemia (n = 19; mean age, 18.3 months, malignancies (n = 18; mean age, 43.1 months), or a recent history of systemic h. influenzae type b infection (n = 17; mean age, 11.9 months). after one dose of polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine the geometric mean titers for polyribos ... | 1992 | 1538281 |
| avidity and bactericidal activity of antibody elicited by different haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. the vaccine study group. | antibody avidity is a measure of the functional affinity of serum antibody to bind to antigen. in this study, we compared the avidity of antibodies elicited by vaccination with three haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines and investigated the relationship between antibody avidity and the ability of antibody to activate complement-mediated bactericidal activity. | 1992 | 1538539 |
| a model for directed foreign gene delivery to rat liver cells in vivo. | a novel technique for directed delivery of retroviral genes to rat liver cells in vivo is described. vascular isolation of the liver was achieved in situ and perfusate containing retrovirus expressing the bacterial gene conferring resistance to hygromycin-b was delivered selectively to the posterior liver lobes. after 15 min, normal blood flow to the liver was restored. the portal venous branch supplying the two anterior liver lobes was ligated either at the same time (group i, n = 4) or 20 hr p ... | 1992 | 1538595 |
| biochemical parameters which may be useful in improving organ viability after storage. | biochemical methods that accurately detect ischemic damage in livers stored by flush cooling would be useful in the efficient development of new storage solutions. this study compares uw and collins' solutions to evaluate those biochemical parameters which may be useful in assessing the reversibility of ischemic damage and the efficiency of organ storage solutions. livers stored in uw solution showed higher levels of adenine nucleotides at all storage times studied. this increase in adenine nucl ... | 1992 | 1538600 |
| effects of various reproductive hormones on the penetration of lhrh across the blood-brain barrier. | a previous study has shown bidirectional saturable transport of lhrh across the blood-brain barrier. here, the effects of the steroids progesterone and beta-estradiol and the pituitary glycoproteins luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) on the bidirectional transport rate were determined. no statistically significant difference in brain to blood transport of 125i-lhrh was found in mice given icv progesterone (1 and 100 pmol/mouse), beta-estradiol (1 and 100 pmol/mouse), ... | 1992 | 1539078 |
| [septicemia with haemophilus influenza b pneumonia: a childhood disease in a 50-year-old adult]. | | 1992 | 1539396 |
| regulation of vascular endothelial cell volume by na-k-2cl cotransport. | the relationship between cell volume and na-k-2cl cotransport was studied in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. hypertonic cell shrinkage increased bumetanide-sensitive, na- or cl-dependent k influx without altering bumetanide-insensitive influx. greater stimulation of cotransport was observed in cells shrunken isosmotically either by preincubation in k-free and na-free medium or by preincubation in hypotonic medium. cell swelling, produced by preincubation in isotonic high-k medium, inhi ... | 1992 | 1539632 |
| the neurobiology of filial learning. | early filial learning evokes clear neural changes in the developing brain. anatomy and function in the developing olfactory, auditory, and visual systems change following early learning. since this type of learning seems critical for the survival of the young, the mechanisms of such plasticity should be clear and reliable. in each sensory modality examined, both distinct changes in the brain and the reliable nature of learning through early experience have become evident with experimental analys ... | 1992 | 1539947 |
| immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis. | immune complexes have been reported in ankylosing spondylitis (as) and may implicate infectious agents. serum samples from 49 patients with as were assayed for immune complexes by polyethylene glycol precipitation, followed by radial immunodiffusion and pepsinogen binding immunoassay. both methods showed increases in iga containing immune complexes, which correlated with serum iga and with iga rheumatoid factor concentrations, but did not show increases in other immune complex components. increa ... | 1992 | 1540045 |
| cardiac function and myocardial performance of 24-hour-preserved asphyxiated canine hearts. | a method of 24-hour storage of asphyxiated canine hearts for orthotopic cardiac transplantation was studied to expand the geographical size of the donor pool. left ventricular function of asphyxiated hearts preserved for 24 hours (group 1, n = 8) was compared with that of hearts donated on-site (group 2, n = 5). group 1 donors were pretreated with verapamil hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, and prostacyclin. the donor hearts were perfused with warm blood cardioplegia in situ after 10 min ... | 1992 | 1540062 |
| effects of cardioplegic solutions and their components on human saphenous vein contractility. | cardioplegic solution administration into the vein graft is an established method to ensure cardioplegic distribution beyond coronary artery stenoses. the ultrastructural demonstration of severe endothelial damage after cardioplegic exposure suggests that intravenous cardioplegic administration can contribute to early and late graft thrombosis. the direct effect on human saphenous vein contractility of three cardioplegic solutions and their components was compared. a solution with 30 mmol/l k+ a ... | 1992 | 1540064 |
| autologous fibrin glue from intraoperatively collected platelet-rich plasma. | a simple and inexpensive means of creating autologous fibrin glue is described that avoids the potential disadvantages of conventionally obtained material. this improvement may allow more widespread use of fibrin glue for operative bleeding. | 1992 | 1540080 |
| modulation of macrophage hyperactivity improves survival in a burn-sepsis model. | macrophage hyperactivity with increased production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and prostaglandins has been demonstrated in the injured patient, but the effect of this on the clinical outcome is unclear. we studied the effect of combination interleukin 1 beta and indomethacin sodium therapy on macrophage hyperactivity and survival after sepsis in a murine burn model. macrophage interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production were all significan ... | 1992 | 1540091 |
| isolation of an outer membrane hemin-binding protein of haemophilus influenzae type b. | haemophilus influenzae is a heme-dependent bacterium. however, little is known of the heme-iron uptake mechanism in this organism. by using a batch ligand affinity chromatography method, a hemin-binding protein of 39,500 molecular weight was isolated from total membranes derived from h. influenzae type b grown under iron-depleted but not under iron-sufficient conditions. detection of the hemin-binding protein in a whole-cell binding assay demonstrated a surface-exposed location. competition bind ... | 1992 | 1541554 |
| immunoglobulin light chain variable region gene sequences for human antibodies to haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide are dominated by a limited number of v kappa and v lambda segments and vj combinations. | the immune repertoire to haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (hib ps) appears to be dominated by certain light chain variable region genes (igvl). in order to examine the molecular basis underlying light chain bias, igvl genes have been cloned from a panel of heterohybridomas secreting human anti-hib ps (antibody) (anti-hib ps ab). one hybridoma, representative of the predominant serum clonotype of anti-hib ps ab in older children and adults following immunization or hib infect ... | 1992 | 1541667 |
| growth of staphylococcus aureus and synthesis of enterotoxin during ripening of experimental manchego-type cheese. | to study the possible presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins in manchego-type cheese, milk was inoculated with the enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus collection strains fri-100, s6, fri-137, and fri-472 to a final concentration of 10,000 to 25,000 cfu/ml. cheese was prepared following the industrial specifications and ripened for 60 d. batches were prepared with 1 and .1% lactic acid culture and labeled with the abbreviated name of the strain and the concentration of lactic acid culture. mea ... | 1992 | 1541730 |
| colonization by staphylococcus aureus on chapped teat skin: effect of iodine and chlorhexidine postmilking disinfectants. | the abilities of common postmilking teat disinfectant solutions and a teat skin ointment to retard staphylococcus aureus colonization and promote healing of chapped skin were studied. ten holstein cows, free of s. aureus intramammary infections and mammary epidermal colonization, were used. all teats were experimentally chapped with 1n sodium hydroxide and dipped in s. aureus broth culture of 5 x 10(6) cfu/ml after three consecutive milkings. postmilking teat disinfectant treatments were applied ... | 1992 | 1541743 |
| [evaluation of the so-called basic cephalosporins using the serum bactericidal test]. | the serum bactericidal activity (sba) was studied one hour and four hours after intravenous administration of 1 g and 2 g cefotiam, 1.5 g cefuroxime and 2 g cefazolin to six volunteers. the 136 clinical isolates tested included staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and haemophilus influenzae. one hour after administration no significant differences in the activity against staphylococci were noted in the antibiotics tested. f ... | 1992 | 1542283 |
| the gene encoding camp receptor protein is required for competence development in haemophilus influenzae rd. | the haemophilus influenzae rd strain jg87 contains a single mini-tn10kan insertion that causes a deficiency in the development of competence for genetic transformation. the dna fragment containing this insertion mutation, as well as the wild-type locus, was cloned, mapped, and sequenced. the sequence contained an open reading frame for a protein of 224 amino acids with a predicted mr of 25,152. the deduced protein sequence showed strong similarity to the escherichia coli camp receptor protein. t ... | 1992 | 1542653 |
| identification of a genetic locus of haemophilus influenzae type b necessary for the binding and utilization of heme bound to human hemopexin. | the mechanism(s) used by haemophilus influenzae to acquire the essential nutrient heme from its human host has not been elucidated. the heme carried by the high-affinity serum protein hemopexin is one potential source of this micronutrient in vivo. a colony-blot assay revealed that heme-human hemopexin-binding activity was shared among most capsular serotype b strains of h. influenzae but was uncommon among other strains. we have identified a recombinant clone binding heme-human hemopexin from a ... | 1992 | 1542695 |
| immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children with sickle cell disease. | to determine the safety and immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children with sickle cell disease. | 1992 | 1543182 |
| antibiotic choices for meningitis beyond the neonatal period. | | 1992 | 1543371 |
| an association between homozygous c3 deficiency and low levels of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies. | inherited deficiencies of complement components are associated with an increased risk of infection by encapsulated, high grade bacterial pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b and neisseria meningitidis. hence, the levels of antibodies to bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigens were measured using elisa in 65 patients with inherited deficiencies covering the classical, alternative and terminal components of the complement cascade. three of the four c3-defici ... | 1992 | 1544226 |
| polysaccharide encapsulated bacterial infection in sickle cell anemia: a thirty year epidemiologic experience. | annual age-specific incidence rates of streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae bacterial septicemia in sickle cell anemia (ss) were determined for the years of 1957 through 1989. forty-nine patients had 64 episodes of septicemia among a population of 786 ss patients observed for 8,138 person-years. peak frequency of infection occurred between 1968-1971 and 1975-1981 with a conspicuous absence of episodes in 1972, 1973, 1982-1984, and 1986-1987, thus demonstrating cycles of high and lo ... | 1992 | 1546714 |
| cloning, expression, and dna sequence analysis of genes encoding nontypeable haemophilus influenzae high-molecular-weight surface-exposed proteins related to filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella pertussis. | a group of high-molecular-weight surface-exposed proteins of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae are major targets of human serum antibody (s. j. barenkamp and f. f. bodor, pediatr. infect. dis. j. 9:333-337, 1990). to further characterize these proteins, we cloned and sequenced genes encoding two related high-molecular-weight proteins from a prototype nontypeable haemophilus strain. the gene encoding a 120-kda haemophilus protein consisted of a 4.4-kbp open reading frame, and the gene encoding a ... | 1992 | 1548058 |
| protein d, the immunoglobulin d-binding protein of haemophilus influenzae, is a lipoprotein. | protein d is an immunoglobulin d-binding membrane protein exposed on the surface of the gram-negative bacterium haemophilus influenzae. results reported here indicate that protein d is a lipoprotein. the protein is apparently synthesized as a precursor with an 18-residue-long signal sequence modified by the covalent attachment of both ester-linked and amide-linked palmitate to the cysteine residue, which becomes the amino terminus after cleavage of the signal sequence. globomycin inhibited matur ... | 1992 | 1548059 |
| synthesis of 3,4'-dideoxymycaminosyl tylonolide, a novel type of macrolide derivative. | | 1992 | 1548187 |
| phylogeny of 54 representative strains of species in the family pasteurellaceae as determined by comparison of 16s rrna sequences. | virtually complete 16s rrna sequences were determined for 54 representative strains of species in the family pasteurellaceae. of these strains, 15 were pasteurella, 16 were actinobacillus, and 23 were haemophilus. a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on sequence similarity, using the neighbor-joining method. fifty-three of the strains fell within four large clusters. the first cluster included the type strains of haemophilus influenzae, h. aegyptius, h. aphrophilus, h. haemolyticus, h. para ... | 1992 | 1548238 |
| the spectrum of chest infections in hiv positive patients in edinburgh. | in a retrospective analysis of all known hiv-positive patients admitted to the city hospital before november 1989, 208 patients accounted for 612 admissions, 72% being injection drug users (idus). one hundred and eighty admissions (29%) were for chest-related disorders, and this was the commonest reason for admission. unlike other u.k. centres where more than 50% chest problems are due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), only 27% of our chest admissions were for pcp. fifty-four percent of c ... | 1992 | 1548416 |
| persistent urinary antigen excretion in infants vaccinated with haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated with outer membrane protein from neisseria meningitidis. | testing for urinary excretion of capsular polysaccharide antigen was carried out in 40 four-month-old navajo infants who had received injections of a haemophilus influenzae type b neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine (pedvaxhib; merck, sharp and dohme research laboratories) as part of an ongoing efficacy trial of the vaccine. urine from 12 placebo recipients was also analyzed. urine samples were collected on the day of injection (the first voided urine following the in ... | 1992 | 1549403 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b endocarditis and meningitis in a previously healthy child. | | 1992 | 1549409 |
| [middle ear inflammation and fluid accumulation in the middle ear in icelandic children]. | the bacterial flora was examined in 108 icelandic children treated for middle ear inflammations during the period, 1986-1989. among children with acute otitis media, growth of h. influenzae was obtained in pure cultures in 54 per cent of cases. where inflammation had caused tympanic membrane rupture, both h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae were cultured in 58 per cent of the samples. in the group with persistent seromucous secretion in the middle ear, 60.5 per cent of the samples were abacterial. s ... | 1992 | 1549457 |
| extracellular k+ specifically modulates a rat brain k+ channel. | extracellular potassium concentration is actively maintained within narrow limits in all higher organisms. slight variations in extracellular potassium levels can induce major alterations of essential physiological functions in excitable tissues. here we describe that superfusion of cultured rat hippocampal neurones with potassium-free medium leads to a decrease of a specific outward potassium current, probably carried by rck4-type channels (rck4 are potassium channels found in rat brain). this ... | 1992 | 1549610 |
| dielectric properties of yeast cells as determined by electrorotation. | electrorotational spectra of yeast cells, saccharomyces cerevisiae strain r xii, were measured over a frequency range of nearly 7 decades. the physical properties of distinct cell parts were simultaneously determined for individual cells by comparison with an electrical two-shell model: the conductivity of the cytoplasm, cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of living cells were found to be 5.5 ms/cm, 0.1 to more than 0.5 ms/cm and less than 0.25 ns/cm to 4.5 micros/cm, respectively. the conductivi ... | 1992 | 1550847 |
| recombinant human tnf-alpha: preclinical studies and results from early clinical trials. | the application of recombinant dna technology to the production of tumor necrosis factor has resulted in the availability of large quantities of a highly purified protein product. this product has been evaluated extensively in preclinical studies, which have documented a direct cytostatic and cytotoxic effect on human tumor cells, as well as a variety of immunomodulatory effects on various immune effector cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and t cells. in addition, a number of anti-infec ... | 1992 | 1550875 |
| interactions of poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted cellulose membranes with proteins and platelets. | the interactions of proteins and platelets with cellulose membranes grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) were studied. the poly(ethylene glycol) grafting was carried out using poly(ethylene glycol)-monoacid and poly(ethylene glycol)-diacid, which have one and two terminal carboxyl groups, respectively. the grafting operates through esterification between the carboxyl groups of poly(ethylene glycol) and the hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface. both of the poly(ethylene glycol) grafted membranes ... | 1992 | 1550895 |
| site-specific integration of the haemophilus influenzae bacteriophage hp1. identification of the points of recombinational strand exchange and the limits of the host attachment site. | isotopic transfer experiments and boundary replacement studies were used to define the size and cleavage points of the haemophilus influenzae attb site for phage hp1 integration. the points of strand cleavage and transfer were separated by 5' extensions with a spacing or overlap region most probably 7 residues long. the complete hp1 attb site is included within an 18-base pair (bp) sequence surrounding the cleavage sites. the sequence of hp1 attb is remarkably symmetric. two 8-bp inverted repeat ... | 1992 | 1551893 |
| placental protein 14 in human in-vitro fertilization early pregnancies. | placental protein 14 (pp14) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) were analysed in patients participating in an in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer programme which did not include any kind of luteal support. women with normal pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, ectopic pregnancies, biochemical pregnancies and non-pregnant women were compared. a combination of hcg and pp14 analyses distinguished between normal and abnormal implantation as early as 15 days after oocyte retrieval. the product ... | 1992 | 1551949 |
| treatment of severe infectious purpura in children with human plasma from donors immunized with escherichia coli j5: a prospective double-blind study. j5 study group. | to evaluate the efficacy of anti-j5 serum in the treatment of severe infectious purpura, 73 children were randomized to receive either anti-j5 (40) or control (33) plasma. age, blood pressure, and biologic risk factors were similar in both groups. at admission, however, tumor necrosis factor serum concentrations were 974 +/- 173 pg/ml compared with 473 +/- 85 pg/ml (p = .023) and interleukin-6 serum concentrations were 129 +/- 45 compared with 19 +/- 5 ng/ml (p = .005) in the control and treated ... | 1992 | 1552198 |
| correlation between antibody affinity and serum bactericidal activity in infants. | nearly one-half of infants immunized with haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate; prp)-protein conjugate produce low-affinity antibody. to test the hypothesis that antibody affinity is linked to biologic function, sera were obtained before and 1 month after immunization of 18-month-old infants with prp-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. correlation was attempted of anti-prp affinity, concentrations of anti-prp, and anti-outer membrane proteins and of imm ... | 1992 | 1552207 |
| [anti-haemophilus influenzae vaccination]. | | 1992 | 1552881 |
| international cancer risk assessment: the impact of biologic mechanisms. | the use of risk assessment by different governments and agencies varies widely in theory and practice. one major difference is in the consideration given to the biologic mechanisms of cancer causation. u.s. government agencies consider all animal carcinogens to be presumptive human carcinogens and to act in a similar manner without regard to available knowledge on the mechanism of carcinogenicity. accordingly, standardized models that give linear dose-response at low doses without a threshold ar ... | 1992 | 1553411 |
| relation between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae type b. | the measurement of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide (prp) of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is important because vaccines inducing such antibodies are now available. we developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of these antibodies based on direct coating of the plates with tyraminated prp. the assay fulfilled the requirements for parallel line assays; it was sensitive, specific, and reproducible with a coefficient of variation between days o ... | 1992 | 1554488 |
| pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase: solvent equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects. | lipoamide dehydrogenase is a flavoprotein which catalyzes the reversible oxidation of dihydrolipoamide, lip(sh)2, by nad+. the ping-pong kinetic mechanism involves stable oxidized and two-electron-reduced forms. we have investigated the rate-limiting nature of proton transfer steps in both the forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by the pig heart enzyme by using a combination of alternate substrates and solvent kinetic isotope effect studies. with nad+ as the variable substrate, and at a fixe ... | 1992 | 1554695 |
| group c streptococci: "streptococcus equisimilis" or streptococcus anginosus? | | 1992 | 1554852 |
| statement on haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines for use in infants and children. | | 1992 | 1555165 |
| pulmonary manifestations of typhoid fever. two case reports and a review of the literature. | | 1992 | 1555434 |
| identification of two iron-repressed periplasmic proteins in haemophilus influenzae. | protein expression by haemophilus influenzae under iron-limiting growth conditions was examined. the five type b strains and four nontypeable strains studied all expressed a new protein of about 40 kda when deprived of iron during growth. most strains also expressed a protein of about 31 kda under the same growth conditions. both the 40- and 31-kda proteins were not expressed by cells grown in iron-replete medium. the 40- and 31-kda proteins were not expressed in iron-deficient medium to which a ... | 1992 | 1556062 |
| immunogenic outer-membrane proteins of haemophilus influenzae type b in infection. | outer-membrane proteins (omps) from haemophilus influenzae type b (strain eagan), grown both in vitro (broth) and in vivo (rat intra-peritoneal), were separated by sds-page. the major omps were present in both growth conditions although the amounts of omp a and omp d were reduced in rat-grown organisms. there were strong additional bands in in-vivo-grown organisms at 51 and 92 kda. antiserum was raised in rabbits against in-vivo-grown bacteria, and absorbed with lysates of in-vitro-grown bacteri ... | 1992 | 1556547 |
| no increased risk for invasive bacterial infection found following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization. | during the acellular pertussis vaccine trial in sweden, 4 children who were randomly assigned to receive the vaccine died of suspected or confirmed bacterial infections compared to 1 expected. there were no deaths in the placebo arm. this raised concern about the role of pertussis immunization in the development of serious infections. through linking computerized immunization records with an active surveillance system for serious bacterial infections in children, the authors studied a cohort of ... | 1992 | 1557243 |
| comparison of diagnostic procedures for porcine leptospirosis. | kidneys and matched serum samples were obtained from 368 pigs slaughtered at three victorian abattoirs, and originating from 42 farms. macroscopic lesions (white spots) were observed on 102 of the kidneys. serum samples were tested by the microscopic agglutination test (mat) and by an igm enzyme immunoassay (eia). kidneys were cultured for leptospires, examined histologically after warthin-starry silver staining and after immunogold silver staining (igss), and tested for leptospiral dna by dna h ... | 1992 | 1557894 |
| demonstration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in preovulatory follicular fluid: its association with serum 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone. | in the present study we have measured the concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in preovulatory follicular fluid (ff) samples obtained from patients undergoing ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin. in 13 of the 24 (54%) ff samples obtained from 20 patients, tnf-alpha was detected. in contrast, il-1 beta was observed in none of the 16 samples assessed. in the samples with detectable levels of tnf ... | 1992 | 1559630 |
| outer membrane protein p6 of haemophilus influenzae binds to its own gene. | outer membrane protein p6 is an important antigen expressed on the surface of all strains of haemophilus influenzae. the predicted amino acid sequence of p6 contains a region of alpha helices that shares sequence identity with a family of helix-turn-helix dna-binding proteins. a search for sequence-specific binding sites that resemble an operator region within the gene revealed a sequence with striking homology to the consensus operator sequence for lambda cro and repressor. to test the hypothes ... | 1992 | 1560783 |
| in situ hybridization of ovalbumin mrna in the chick oviduct reveals target cell specificity for estrogen and progesterone. | an in situ hybridization method using paraffin-embedded sections was used to characterize the chicken oviduct cells synthesizing ovalbumin mrna due to the action of estrogen and progesterone. the cytodifferentiation of the oviduct cells was induced by 17 beta-estradiol administration to newly hatched female chicks. to avoid possible effect of estrogen on the action of progesterone the chicks were withdrawn from the estrogen by six days withdrawal period without hormone treatment. ovalbumin mrna ... | 1992 | 1562535 |
| meningitis and bacteremia due to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in adults. | | 1992 | 1562668 |
| precise quantification of fever in childhood bacterial meningitis. | precise quantity of fever was determined in 191 cases of childhood bacterial meningitis by calculating the areas between the line indicating 37.8 degrees c or 39.5 degrees c temperature and the line connecting all individual temperature values. temperature measurements were performed rectally one to four times a day throughout the hospitalization. the obtained areas under the curves (auc), expressed as degree-hours, proved to be a sensitive index for delineating each individual fever pattern and ... | 1992 | 1563195 |
| new considerations for haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination. | the immunogenicity, efficacy, adverse effects, dosage recommendations, and cost of the three commercially available haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines are discussed. three hib conjugate vaccines are licensed for use in children 15 months of age or older: prohibit (connaught), hibtiter (praxis), and pedvaxhib (merck). hibtiter and pedvaxhib were recently approved for use in infants as young as two months of age; both have demonstrated efficacy in preventing hib disease in this ... | 1992 | 1563228 |
| comparative activity of meropenem (sm-7338) against major respiratory pathogens and amikacin-resistant nosocomial isolates. | meropenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens including moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. minimal inhibitory concentrations of meropenem for moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates were frequently less than those of imipenem. for nosocomial amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli, meropenem had eightfold lower mic90 values compared to imipenem against ... | 1992 | 1563388 |