| hepatitis e virus infection in a liver transplant recipient in the united states: a case report. | chronic infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) has recently been recognized in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals. | 2013 | 23498824 |
| ribavirin treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis e: a single-centre experience. | the role of ribavirin for treatment of severe acute or chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is not well defined. | 2013 | 23489973 |
| risk of zoonotic transmission of hev from rabbits. | hepatitis e virus strains from rabbits indicate that these mammals may be a reservoir for hevs that cause infection in humans. further issues remain to be clarified, including whether the genotype of rabbit hev differs from human and swine hev genotype 3 and whether rabbit hev can infect human and other animals. hev was found in farmed rabbits in several geographic areas of china, in usa and more recently in france. the prevalence of antibodies against hev was 36%, 57% and 55% in rabbits from vi ... | 2013 | 23474012 |
| the hepatitis e virus capsid c-terminal region is essential for the viral life cycle: implication for viral genome encapsidation and particle stabilization. | although the c-terminal 52 amino acids (c52aa) of hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid are not essential for morphology, the c52aa-encoding region is required for replication. transfection of a c52aa knockdown mutant showed transient growth, and the earliest population included a majority of noninfectious (possibly empty) particles and a minority of infectious particles with c-terminal capsid degradation. finally, the complete revertant was generated reproducibly. c52aa is essential for the viral life ... | 2013 | 23468481 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among men who have sex with men, united kingdom. | | 2013 | 23460994 |
| pathobiology of hepatitis e: lessons learned from primate models. | like the other hepatitis viruses, hepatitis e virus (hev) has been difficult to study because of limitations in cell culture systems and small animal models. much of what we know has come from epidemiological studies in developing countries and, more recently, in industrialized countries. however, the epidemiology is very different in these two settings: hepatitis e in developing countries is epidemic as well as sporadic, principally water-borne, most likely to cause disease in older children an ... | 2013 | 26038457 |
| the simultaneous occurrence of human norovirus and hepatitis e virus in a norway rat (rattus norvegicus). | wild rats can be reservoirs and vectors for several human pathogens. an initial rt-pcr screening of the intestinal contents of norway rats trapped in the sewer system of copenhagen, denmark, for caliciviruses revealed the presence of a human norovirus in one of 11 rodents. subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the ~4.0-kb 3'-terminus of the norovirus genome resulted in the identification of a recombinant gi.b/gi.6 strain. the simultaneous detection of hepatitis e virus-like particles in the feces ... | 2013 | 23443935 |
| seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis e virus infection in german blood donors. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmissible by transfusion. more data are needed about seroprevalence, incidence, and viremia in blood donors for the assessment of risk of transfusion-transmitted (tt)-hev infections. | 2014 | 23441647 |
| virus host protein interaction network analysis reveals that the hev orf3 protein may interrupt the blood coagulation process. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic worldwide and a major cause of acute liver disease in developing countries. however, the molecular mechanisms of liver pathology and clinical disease are not well understood for hev infection. open reading frame 3 (orf3) of hev encodes a small phosphoprotein, which is assumed to be involved in liver pathology and clinical disease. in this study, the interactions between the hev orf3 protein and human proteins were investigated using a stringent, high-throughput ... | 2013 | 23418552 |
| chronic hepatitis e infection in lung transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 has been identified in patients with autochthonous hev infections in developed countries and is currently being recognized as an emerging zoonotic pathogen. hev infection may lead to a chronic hepatitis in immune-compromised patients. | 2013 | 23415316 |
| hepatitis e virus antigen detection as an early diagnostic marker: report from india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is implicated in many outbreaks of viral hepatitis in the indian subcontinent. the conventional diagnosis of such outbreaks rests on the detection of anti-hev igm antibodies. however, igm antibodies develop after 4-5 days of infection. an early-diagnostic marker is imperative for timely diagnosis of the outbreak and also initiation of control measures. this study aimed to determine the use of hepatitis e virus antigen detection as an early diagnostic marker in an outbreak ... | 2013 | 23408566 |
| genetic variability and the classification of hepatitis e virus. | the classification of hepatitis e virus (hev) variants is currently in transition without agreed definitions for genotypes and subtypes or for deeper taxonomic groupings into species and genera that could incorporate more recently characterized viruses assigned to the hepeviridae family that infect birds, bats, rodents, and fish. these conflicts arise because of differences in the viruses and genomic regions compared and in the methodology used. we have reexamined published sequences and found t ... | 2013 | 23388713 |
| seasonal pattern of hepatitis e virus prevalence in swine in two different geographical areas of china. | we studied seasonal patterns of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in china. from 2008 to 2011, 4200 swine bile specimens were collected for the detection of hev rna. a total of 92/2400 (3·83%) specimens in eastern china and 47/1800 (2·61%) specimens in southwestern china were positive for hev. seasonal patterns differing by geographical area were suggested. in eastern china, the major peak of hev rna prevalence was during march-april, with a minor peak during september-october, and a dip d ... | 2013 | 23388392 |
| first report and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus infection in renal transplant recipients in brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute and chronic hepatitis in organ transplant recipients. serological evidence for hev infection has been discovered in various population groups in brazil, and a single acute case has been confirmed. to date, however, no cases of hev infection in immunocompromised patients have been reported in brazil. this study aimed to identify and characterize hepatitis e cases in renal transplant recipients in brazil. a retrospective study was performed on 96 serum samples ... | 2013 | 23382036 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in german domestic pigs. | in industrial countries, hepatitis e virus (hev) transmission to humans is predominantly assumed to be a zoonotic infection. recently, it has been demonstrated that about 50% of domestic pigs in germany carry hev-specific antibodies. however, further investigations concerning the distribution of hev in different age groups of german domestic pigs, phylogenetic analyses and the viral load in the porcine liver are still pending. liver samples of all age groups from herds in a pig-dense region in n ... | 2013 | 23367665 |
| hepatitis e virus isolated from rabbits is genetically heterogeneous but with very similar antigenicity to human hev. | rabbit hepatitis e virus (hev) in china may represent a novel hev genotype, although no consensus has been reached. it is unclear whether the orf2 capsid protein containing the immunodominant epitopes from rabbit hev differs from those of human hev. in this study, 661 bile samples collected from domestic rabbits in jiangsu province, eastern china were amplified by rt-npcr using a set of hev universal orf2 primers. all 42 (6.4%) positive pcr products were sequenced. phylogenetic analysis using th ... | 2013 | 23364756 |
| subtypes of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus in pigs. | the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in faecal and bile samples from pigs in abattoirs in eastern and south western china from 2006 to 2011 was determined by reverse transcriptase pcr. hev-3 was detected in 4/5952 (0.07%) pigs and hev-4 was detected in 287/5952 (4.8%) pigs. two hev-3 subtype 3a strains from south western china had 87.1-89.7% sequence identity. two hev-3 subtype 3b strains from eastern china had 91.8-93.8% sequence identity and were similar to strains reported previously ... | 2013 | 23357066 |
| hepatitis e virus in pork liver sausage, france. | we investigated viability of hepatitis e virus (hev) identified in contaminated pork liver sausages obtained from france. hev replication was demonstrated in 1 of 4 samples by using a 3-dimensional cell culture system. the risk for human infection with hev by consumption of these sausages should be considered to be high. | 2013 | 23347828 |
| laboratory-based surveillance for hepatitis e virus infection, united states, 2005-2012. | to investigate characteristics of hepatitis e cases in the united states, we tested samples from persons seronegative for acute hepatitis a and b whose clinical specimens were referred to the centers for disease control and prevention during june 2005-march 2012 for hepatitis e virus (hev) testing. we found that 26 (17%) of 154 persons tested had hepatitis e. of these, 15 had not recently traveled abroad (nontravelers), and 11 had (travelers). compared with travelers, nontravelers were older (me ... | 2013 | 23347695 |
| imported hepatitis e virus, central african republic, 2011. | | 2013 | 23347578 |
| epidemiology of mammalian hepatitis e virus infection. | mammalian hepatitis e virus (hev), the etiological agent of hepatitis e in humans, is a recently discovered infectious agent. it was identified for the first time in 1983 using electron microscopy on a faecal specimen of a person infected with non-a, non-b enterically-transmitted hepatitis. based on retrospective and prospective studies, hev was long described as one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries, whereas in developed countries hepatitis e w ... | 2013 | 23343760 |
| genetic heterogeneity and subtyping of human hepatitis e virus isolates from uruguay. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important public health concern in many developing countries causing waterborne outbreaks, as well as sporadic autochthonous hepatitis. it is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. however, zoonotic transmission from animal reservoirs to human has also been suggested. genotype 3 is the most frequent genotype found in south america and the hev epidemiology in this region seems to be very complex. however, data about the molecular characterization of ... | 2013 | 23339897 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in humans and swine, cuba. | this study was conduced to determinate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated to hepatitis e virus (hev) exposition, in individuals who work in pig farms located at western of artemise province. the presence of hev in human and swine samples and the phylogenetic analysis were evaluated. one hundred six workers (with an age range of 18-70years) were enrolled in this study. two groups were defined, 69 employees with swine related occupations and 37 workers without contact with pigs. none h ... | 2013 | 23333774 |
| [hepatitis e infections in the western world]. | besides the hepatitis a and b viruses, the hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major contributor to infectious hepatitis in developing countries. in the netherlands, acute hev infection is occurring with ever-increasing frequency, although it is not always immediately recognized. we present a dutch patient who was diagnosed with hepatitis e after having returned from spain. | 2013 | 23328021 |
| an update on the hepatitis e virus. | there have been recent key advances in the understanding of hepatitis e virus infection. since the early 1980s, when the virus was first discovered, hepatitis e has been described as a disease that is endemic only in the african and asian subcontinents, a disease that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and a disease that causes an acute illness that typically resolves, with the exception of the third trimester of pregnancy, when infection can be deadly. we now know that genotype 3 is likel ... | 2013 | 23314803 |
| hepatitis e virus: the current scenario. | hepatitis e infection, caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), is a common cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene. the virus is classified into four genotypes (1-4) with one serotype. genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 also infect other animals, particularly pigs. in endemic areas, large outbreaks of acute hepatitis caused by viruses of genotype 1 or 2 frequently occur due to fecal-oral transmission, usually through co ... | 2013 | 23313154 |
| hepatitis e virus capsid protein assembles in 4m urea in the presence of salts. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein has been demonstrated to be able to assemble into particles in vitro. however, this process and the mechanism of protein-protein interactions during particle assembly remain unclear. in this study, we investigated the assembly mechanism of hev structural protein subunits, the capsid protein p239 (aa368-606), using analytical ultracentrifugation. it was the first to observe that the p239 can form particles in 4m urea as a result of supplementation with s ... | 2013 | 23281113 |
| acute pancreatitis complicating acute hepatitis e virus infection: a case report and review. | acute pancreatitis complicating fulminant viral hepatitis has been well recognized; however, acute pancreatitis occurring in nonfulminant hepatitis is very rare. the case presented describes moderate pancreatitis in a young male, manifesting during the course of nonfulminant acute hepatitis e infection. the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis e was confirmed by serology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to demonstrate hepatitis e virus (hev) rna in both stool and serum. ... | 2013 | 25374721 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence in haemodialysis patients in zanjan province, islamic republic of iran. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is the most common form of acute hepatitis in adults in endemic regions of asia. in a descriptive, cross-sectional study, anti-hev antibody was measured in patients referred to the 2 haemodialysis centres in zanjan city, islamic republic of iran. among 93 patients with chronic renal failure, mean age 57.0 (sd 18.5) years, antibodies against hev were positive in 25 (26.9%) patients. hev infection was not significantly associated with sex, age, educational level, ... | 2013 | 24975304 |
| clinical implications of chronic hepatitis e virus infection in heart transplant recipients. | recent reports have shown that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can become chronic in solid-organ transplant recipients, but few studies have systematically investigated the clinical consequences of this chronic hev infection in solid-organ transplant (sot) recipients. | 2013 | 23260707 |
| characterization of full genome of rat hepatitis e virus strain from vietnam. | we amplified the complete genome of the rat hepatitis e virus (hev) vietnam strain (v-105) and analyzed the nucleotide and amino acid sequences. the entire genome of v-105 shared only 76.8%-76.9% nucleotide sequence identities with rat hev strains from germany, which suggests that v-105 is a new genotype of rat hev. | 2013 | 23260149 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 outbreak, italy, 2011. | during 2011, 5 persons in the area of lazio, italy were infected with a monophyletic strain of hepatitis e virus that showed high sequence homology with isolates from swine in china. detection of this genotype in italy parallels findings in other countries in europe, signaling the possible spread of strains new to western countries. | 2013 | 23260079 |
| early secretory pathway localization and lack of processing for hepatitis e virus replication protein porf1. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a positive-strand rna virus and a major causative agent of acute sporadic and epidemic hepatitis. hev replication protein is encoded by orf1 and contains the predicted domains of methyltransferase (mt), protease, macro domain, helicase (hel) and polymerase (pol). in this study, the full-length protein porf1 (1693 aa) and six truncated variants were expressed by in vitro translation and in human hela and hepatic huh-7 cells by using several vector systems. the proteins ... | 2013 | 23255617 |
| altered expressions of peripheral cd11c, cd80, cd83 markers and associations of hla class ii allele and haplotypes in self-limiting hepatitis e infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the major cause of self limiting viral hepatitis, is associated with a robust humoral, moderate cd4 t cell and ctl response. however, key questions like the probable involvement of hla class ii alleles and peripheral dcs/monocytes in regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses in hepatitis e remain unanswered. one eighty four self- limiting hepatitis e patients and 283 anti-hev negative controls from western india were studied for the distribution of hla class ii ... | 2013 | 23246582 |
| infection with hepatitis e virus in kidney transplant recipients in southeastern france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in europe, particularly in southern france, and hev is a new causative agent of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. however, the data regarding hev infection after kidney transplantation are still scarce with respect to the clinical issues that have been raised, and no study has specifically focused on kidney transplant recipients. this study described the clinical features and outcomes of hev infections i ... | 2013 | 23239466 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in hong kong, 2008-2009. | the public health impact of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection varies across the world. an hev vaccine has been recently approved for clinical use in china. population-specific seroprevalence data are essential for cost-effective assessment of vaccination programs. here, a cross-sectional study was performed to provide an update on the local seroprevalence of hev. an archive of serum samples submitted for virological investigation between 2008 and 2009 to a general hospital was used. a total of 4 ... | 2013 | 23239426 |
| [autochthonous hepatitis e: an emerging and still unrecognized disease]. | in developed countries, hev infection was still recently considered as rare, and as an imported disease from endemic areas by travellers. hepatitis e virus is now mainly recognized as an autochthonous disease in these countries. although the sources and the routes of contamination remain uncertain, several cases of foodborne (zoonotic transmission) and blood borne transmission have been recently reported. hev infection may evolve towards a chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients (mostly ... | 2012 | 23236856 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e in humans and pigs and evidence of genotype-3 virus in swine, madagascar. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an orofecal disease transmitted through poor hygiene environments, contaminated food (mainly pork products), or by contacts with infected animals. very little data are currently available regarding the disease in the southwestern indian ocean islands. we report the first sero- and viro-survey for hev in human and swine in madagascar. a seroprevalence rate of 14.1% (60 of 427) was measured in slaughterhouse workers. seroprevalence to hev in pigs was estimated to 71. ... | 2013 | 23208879 |
| [analysis of genotype iv distribution of hepatitis e virus infections in wuhan by sequencing the open reading frame 3 gene]. | to determine the distribution of genotype iv among hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in wuhan by sequencing the open reading frame (orf) 3 gene of hev clinical isolates. | 2012 | 23207338 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in immigrants: a seroepidemiological survey in the district of foggia (apulia-southern italy). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the etiologic agent of endemically transmitted viral hepatitis. hev is endemic in developing countries where it occurs in sporadic and endemic forms, but autochthonous sporadic cases of hepatitis e have been reported in north america and in europe, including italy. the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to hev in immigrants from developing countries to the province of foggia. the seroprevalence of hev was determined in a cohort of 4 ... | 2013 | 23192767 |
| [clinical analysis of 134 cases of hev-related liver failure]. | to study the clinical features of hepatitis e virus-related liver failure. | 2012 | 23189851 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3f sequences from pigs in thailand, 2011-2012. | phylogenetic analysis of partial orf1 and orf2 genes of hepatitis e virus (hev) strains from pigs in thailand during 2011-2012 was performed. the result indicated that the current thai strains belonged to the genotype 3 subgroup 3f, which were similar to the previous hevs circulating in humans in thailand. | 2013 | 23184543 |
| comparison of hepatitis e virus genotypes from rabbits and pigs in the same geographic area: no evidence of natural cross-species transmission between the two animals. | domesticated pigs have been shown to be a reservoir of genotypes 3 and 4 hepatitis e virus (hev). farmed rabbits were recently recognized as the host of a novel virus, rabbit hev. in order to determine whether hev is transmitted naturally between rabbits and pigs, a survey on hev infections was conducted in rabbits and pigs aged 2-4 months from rabbit and pig farms located near to each other in nine villages in three counties of hebei province, china. the overall anti-hev antibody positivity rat ... | 2013 | 23183309 |
| new models of hepatitis e virus replication in human and porcine hepatocyte cell lines. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute, enterically transmitted hepatitis in human. it is associated with large epidemics in tropical and subtropical regions where it is endemic or with sporadic cases in non-endemic regions. unlike other hepatitis viruses, hev has several animal reservoirs. phylogenetic studies on hev human and animal sequences, and the identification of cases of direct transmission from animal to human strongly suggest that hev is a zoonotic agent. the lack of efficient cell cult ... | 2013 | 23175242 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in shellfish, united kingdom. | | 2012 | 23171845 |
| hepatitis e virus outbreak in monkey facility, japan. | an outbreak of hepatitis e virus occurred in an outdoor monkey breeding facility in japan during 2004-2006. phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus was genotype 3. this virus was experimentally transmitted to a cynomolgus monkey. precautions should be taken by facility personnel who work with monkeys to prevent infection. | 2012 | 23171579 |
| replication of hepatitis e virus in three-dimensional cell culture. | hepatitis e is an acute, viral hepatitis epidemic in developing regions, but which is detected with increasing frequency in sporadic form in developed regions. pigs and possibly some other mammals are considered reservoirs of zoonotic infection with hepatitis e virus (hev). however, whilst the relative significance of potential transmission routes from pigs to people is still unclear, the consumption of raw or undercooked pig meat has been implicated as a source of hev infection. the lack of inf ... | 2013 | 23159673 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus in northwest india. | genotyping and subtyping are important to understand epidemiology of the hepatitis e virus so as to improve control measures to prevent transmission of virus in the community. hence, the aim of the current study was to identify the prevalent hev genotypes in rajasthan in acute sporadic hepatitis e cases with varying degree of liver failure. we studied hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates from hospitalized patients in rajasthan, western india. in a total of seventeen hev sequences, six acute viral he ... | 2012 | 23150814 |
| antigenic determinants of hepatitis e virus and vaccine-induced immunogenicity and efficacy. | there is emerging evidence for an under-recognized hepatitis e virus (hev) as a human pathogen. among different reasons for this neglect are the unsatisfactory performance and under-utilization of commercial hev diagnostic kits; for instance, the number of anti-hev igm kits marketed in china is about one-fifth of that of hepatitis a kits. over the last two decades, substantial progress has been achieved in furthering our knowledge on the hev-specific immune responses, antigenic features of hev v ... | 2013 | 23149436 |
| test performance characteristics of anti-hev igg assays strongly influence hepatitis e seroprevalence estimates. | hepatitis e virus (hev) seroprevalences of 0.3%-53% were reported from industrialized countries. because these estimates may be influenced by detection assays, this study compares 3 frequently used tests for hev detection: the mp diagnostics hev immunoglobulin g (igg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the axiom diagnostics hev igg enzyme immunoassay (eia), and the mikrogen recomline hev igg assay. sera from 200 healthy healthcare workers and 30 individuals with acute hev infection were ... | 2013 | 23148290 |
| growth and development symposium: development, characterization, and use of a porcine epiblast-derived liver stem cell line: ars-picm-19. | totipotent embryonic stem cell lines have not been established from ungulates; however, we have developed a somatic stem cell line from the in vitro culture of pig epiblast cells. the cell line, ars-picm-19, was isolated via colony cloning and was found to spontaneously differentiate into hepatic parenchymal epithelial cell types, namely hepatocytes and bile duct cells. hepatocytes form as monolayers and bile duct cells as 3-dimensional bile ductules. transmission electron microscopy revealed th ... | 2013 | 23148238 |
| hepatitis e virus in liver and bile samples from slaughtered pigs of brazil. | the objective of this study was to detect and identify hepatitis e virus (hev) strains in liver and bile samples from slaughtered pigs in the state of paraná, brazil. liver and bile samples were collected from 118 asymptomatic adult pigs at a slaughterhouse in a major brazilian pork production area. the samples were assayed using a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol with primer sets targeting open reading frames (orf)1 and 2 of the hev genome. hev rna was detected in ... | 2012 | 23147152 |
| determination of the full-genome sequence of hepatitis e virus (hev) saas-fx17 and use as a reference to identify putative hev genotype 4 virulence determinants. | four major genotypes of hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, have so far been recognized. while genotypes 3 and 4 are both zoonotic, the disease symptoms caused by the latter tend to be more severe. to examine if specific nucleotide/amino acid variations between genotypes 3 and 4 play a role in determining the severity of hepatitis e disease, the complete genome of one swine hev genotype 4 isolate, saas-fx17, was determined and compared with other genotype 4 and genotype ... | 2012 | 23134633 |
| complete genome sequence of hepatitis e virus from rabbits in the united states. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a single-strand positive-sense rna virus in the family hepeviridae. the disease caused by hev, hepatitis e, is an important public health problem in developing countries of asia and africa and is also endemic in many industrialized countries, including the united states. hev has been identified from several other animal species in addition to humans, including the pig, chicken, mongoose, deer, rabbit, ferret, bat, and fish. here we report the complete genome sequence o ... | 2012 | 23118454 |
| acute risk for hepatitis e virus infection among hiv-1-positive pregnant women in central africa. | hepatitis e virus (hev), an enterically transmitted pathogen, is highly endemic in several african countries. pregnant women are at particularly high risk for acute or severe hepatitis e. in gabon, a central african country, the prevalence of antibodies to hev among pregnant women is 14.1%. recent studies have demonstrated unusual patterns of hepatitis e (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis) among immunodeficient patients. | 2012 | 23114258 |
| a survey of rodent-borne pathogens carried by wild rattus spp. in northern vietnam. | to examine the prevalence of human pathogens carried by rats in urban areas in hanoi and hai phong, vietnam, we live-trapped 100 rats in january 2011 and screened them for a panel of bacteria and viruses. antibodies against leptospira interrogans (22·0%), seoul virus (14·0%) and rat hepatitis e virus (23·0%) were detected in rats, but antibodies against yersinia pestis were not detected. antibodies against l. interrogans and seoul virus were found only in adult rats. in contrast, antibodies to r ... | 2013 | 23114204 |
| seroprevalence of fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis a and e virus antibodies in burkina faso. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections occur chiefly as a result of unhygienic conditions. the purpose of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to both viruses in central burkina faso in the absence of a recorded hepatitis epidemic. serum samples from 178 blood donors (131 males and 47 females) and from 189 pregnant women were collected from november 2010 to march 2012, at blood banks and medical centers in burkina faso. an immunochromatography test wa ... | 2012 | 23110187 |
| chimeric hepatitis e virus-like particle as a carrier for oral-delivery. | oral delivery with virus-like particles (vlps) is advantageous because of the inherited entry pathway from their parental viral capsids, which enables vlp to withstand the harsh and enzymatic environment associated with human digestive tract. however, the repeat use of this system is challenged by the self-immunity. in order to overcome this problem, we engineered the recombinant capsid protein of hepatitis e virus by inserting p18 peptide, derived from the v3 loop of hiv-1 gp120, into the antib ... | 2013 | 23107594 |
| culture systems for hepatitis e virus. | the lack of an efficient cell culture system for hepatitis e virus (hev) has greatly hampered detailed analyses of this virus. the first efficient cell culture systems for hev that were developed were capable of secreting infectious hev progenies in high titers into culture media, using plc/prf/5 cells derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma and a549 cells derived from human lung cancer as host cells. the success achieved with the original genotype 3 je03-1760f strain has now been extended t ... | 2013 | 23104469 |
| icteric acute hepatitis e with no response of immunoglobulin m class anti-hepatitis e virus antibody. | a 68-year-old japanese man developed icteric acute hepatitis during periodic care after undergoing gastrectomy due to early gastric cancer. the routine serological markers for hepatitis a, b and c viruses were all negative. although the liver enzymes spontaneously recovered without any specific therapy, cholestasis was relatively prolonged and successfully treated with prednisolone. determination of serum hepatitis e virus (hev) rna revealed the transient infection of hev, and both immunoglobuli ... | 2012 | 23094855 |
| discrepancy between anti-hepatitis e virus immunoglobulin g prevalence assessed by two assays in kidney and liver transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging clinical threat in europe among kidney and liver-transplant recipients. the incidence and prevalence of hev infection in this special population are poorly known. false-negative results have been observed for anti-hev igg detection in severely immunocompromized persons. moreover, large discrepancies have been reported between rates of anti-hev igg detection in blood donors and hepatitis e cases. | 2013 | 23089569 |
| hepatitis e seroprevalence in east and west flanders, belgium. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is increasingly recognized as a cause of hepatitis in developed countries. the goal of this study is to provide an estimate of the seroprevalence of hev in belgium, more precisely in east and west flanders, since data for this country are currently lacking. | 2012 | 23082702 |
| detection and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in a captive wild boar in thailand. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied in different types of wild boar captive settings in thailand, including a wildlife breeding research station, zoo, and commercial wild boar farm, which were located in different locations of thailand. fifty-one fecal samples were collected and screened for hev rna and then analyzed. one sample obtained from a wildlife breeding research station in ratchaburi province was hev positive. phylogenetic characterization revealed that the virus was hev genotype 3 and ... | 2012 | 23082533 |
| estimating the burden of maternal and neonatal deaths associated with jaundice in bangladesh: possible role of hepatitis e infection. | we estimated the population-based incidence of maternal and neonatal mortality associated with hepatitis e virus (hev) in bangladesh. | 2012 | 23078501 |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection is specifically associated with an interferon-related transcriptional program. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a new causative agent of chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant recipients. clinical studies suggest that the occurrence and persistence of chronic hev infection are related to the immunological status of patients. | 2013 | 23072754 |
| hepatitis e virus from india exhibits significant amino acid mutations in fulminant hepatic failure patients. | in india, hepatitis e virus (hev) is the predominant cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) and fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) among pregnant women and adults. the present study evaluates association, if any, of the mutations in the viral genome with disease outcome. ten genotype-1 complete genomes (five each from avh and fhf patients) were sequenced. phylogenetic analysis showed a distinct cluster including all five fhf-hev sequences from western india (present study), one fhf isolate from north ... | 2013 | 23054435 |
| increased risk of hepatitis e virus infection in schizophrenia. | until now, the risk of hev infection in schizophrenia was unknown. the present results showed that the seroprevalence of anti-hev igg and anti-hev igm in schizophrenia were significantly higher than that in healthy controls. anti-hev igg positivity increased with age and with the duration of disease in schizophrenia patients. moreover, schizophrenia patients with increased cd4(+)/cd8(+) t-cell ratios (>2.03) had higher anti-hev igg detection rates than those with normal ratios (1.05-2.03). compa ... | 2013 | 23053523 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 isolated from a patient with liver failure: full-length sequence analysis showing potential determinants of virus pathogenesis. | the full-length genome sequence of a genotype 4 strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) (chn-nj-h2011) from a patient (in nanjing, china) with liver failure has been determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that chn-nj-h2011 belongs to genotype 4, subtype 4h. comparative sequence analysis carried out on a 301-bp fragment of orf2 showed that chn-nj-h2011 shares high nucleotide sequence identity (94.3-94.7 %) with porcine viruses (ch-shsw1 and ch-estw2) isolated in the same geographical region, pointing ... | 2013 | 23053518 |
| molecular analysis of hepatitis e virus from farm rabbits in inner mongolia, china and its successful propagation in a549 and plc/prf/5 cells. | rabbit hepatitis e virus (hev) strains have recently been isolated in several areas of china and in the us and france. however, the host range, distribution and zoonotic potential of these hev strains remain unknown and their propagation in cultured cells has not yet been reported. a total of 211 4-month-old rabbits raised on a farm in inner mongolia were tested for the presence of anti-hev antibodies and hev rna. overall, 121 rabbits (57.3%) tested positive for anti-hev antibodies, and 151 (71. ... | 2012 | 23041252 |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection in a patient with leukemia and elevated transaminases: a case report. | acute hepatitis e virus infection may cause mild, self-limiting hepatitis, either as epidemic outbreaks or sporadic cases, the latter of which have been reported in industrialized countries. chronic infections are uncommon and have been reported in immunosuppressed patients, patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and patients with hematological malignancies. | 2012 | 23031738 |
| diagnosis of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e, caused by infection with hepatitis e virus (hev), is a common cause of enterically-transmitted acute hepatitis in developing countries. occasional cases of sporadic hepatitis e have been increasingly recognized in developed countries over the past decade. these cases differ from those in developing countries in being possibly caused by zoonotic transmission, often affecting people with a suppressed immune system and occasionally leading to persistent hev infection. the commonly used ... | 2013 | 23026902 |
| [severe decompensation of hepatitis e in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis: a case report]. | we report the case of a patient who initially made the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus with a clinical picture of jaundice with elevated liver enzymes and hev igm (+), but chronic evolution (more than 6 months) without being an immunosuppressed patient, forced us to exclude different causes that may produce chronic liver disease. and hypergammaglobulinemia was detected in liver biopsy: interface hepatitis, mixed inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of lymphocytes, and presence of porta ... | 2012 | 23023183 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among adults, germany. | we assessed hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody seroprevalence in a sample of the adult population in germany. overall hev igg prevalence was 16.8% (95% ci 15.6%-17.9%) and increased with age, leveling off at >60 years of age. hev is endemic in germany, and the lifetime risk for exposure is high. | 2012 | 23018055 |
| development and application of an indirect elisa for detection of antibodies against avian hepatitis e virus. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) that could detect immunoglobulin g antibodies against avian hepatitis e virus (hev) was developed. this assay employs a truncated c-terminal 268-amino acid recombinant orf2 protein from an avian hev genotype 3 strain isolated in china (cahev) as the coating antigen. the antigen concentration and serum dilution were optimized using a checkerboard titration. a cut-off value of 0.368 at od(450nm) was determined by testing 120 positive and 200 n ... | 2013 | 23000753 |
| [analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis e and genotypes of hepatitis e virus among drug users]. | | 2012 | 22991713 |
| unexplained hepatic deterioration--keep in mind hepatitis e virus infection! | | 2012 | 22985789 |
| frequent detection and characterization of hepatitis e virus variants in wild rats (rattus rattus) in indonesia. | one hundred sixteen rats (rattus rattus) captured in indonesia from 2011 to 2012 were investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev)-specific antibodies and hev rna. using an elisa based on hev genotype 4 with an ad hoc cutoff value of 0.500, 18.1 % of the rats tested positive for anti-hev igg. by nested rt-pcr, 14.7 % of the rats had rat hev rna, and none were positive for hev genotype 1-4. a high hev prevalence among rats was associated with lower sanitary conditions in areas with ... | 2013 | 22983110 |
| avian hepatitis e virus identified in russian chicken flocks exhibits high genetic divergence based on the orf2 capsid gene. | a total of 79 liver samples from clinically sick and asymptomatic chickens were tested for avian hepatitis e virus (ahev). samples were received from 19 farms, five of which tested positive with primers targeting the orf2 capsid gene. the phylogenetic analysis of a 242-base-pair fragment demonstrated that the russian ahev isolates share between 78.2 and 96.2% over the fragment sequenced, whereas the nucleotide sequence identities between the russian isolates and the other representatives from ge ... | 2012 | 22967203 |
| genetic characterization and codon usage bias of full-length hepatitis e virus sequences shed new lights on genotypic distribution, host restriction and genome evolution. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is present in different species and ecological niches. it has been divided into 4 major mammalian genotypes. in this study, 3 new full-length genomes of swine hev were sequenced and the results did not reveal any particular host determinant in comparison with human isolates belonging to the same genotype. nucleotide composition and codon usage bias were determined to characterize hev host restriction and genome evolution. peculiar nucleotide bias was observed for a and c ... | 2012 | 22951575 |
| protective role of humoral immune responses during an outbreak of hepatitis e in egypt. | although the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) is approximately 80% in adult egyptians living in rural areas, symptomatic hev-caused acute viral hepatitis (avh) is sporadic and relatively uncommon. to investigate the dichotomy between hev infection and clinical avh, hev-specific immune responses in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic hev infection during a waterborne outbreak in egypt were examined. of 235 acute hepatitis patients in assiut hospitals screened for hev infection, 42 ... | 2012 | 22938992 |
| fatal hepatitis e viral infection in pregnant women in ghana: a case series. | viral infections during pregnancy can pose serious threats to mother and fetus from the time of conception to the time of delivery. these lead to congenital defects, spontaneous abortion and even death. the definitive diagnosis and management of pregnancy-related viral infections may be challenging especially in less resourced countries. | 2012 | 22937872 |
| hepatitis e, a vaccine-preventable cause of maternal deaths. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of illness and of death in the developing world and disproportionate cause of deaths among pregnant women. although hev vaccine trials, including trials conducted in populations in southern asia, have shown candidate vaccines to be effective and well-tolerated, these vaccines have not yet been produced or made available to susceptible populations. surveillance data collected during 2001-2007 from >110,000 pregnancies in a population of ≈650,000 women in r ... | 2012 | 22931753 |
| first detection of hepatitis e virus in austrian pigs by rt-qpcr. | long known to cause disease outbreaks in man in countries with poor sanitary conditions, an increasing number of autochthonous hev genotype 3 infections have been reported in industrialised countries. genotype 3 poses an important potential zoonotic threat, with infected pigs functioning as the main reservoir. this study reports the first detected emergence of hev in austrian pigs. five austrian strains were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that they cluster within geno ... | 2012 | 22919921 |
| [antibody detection of hepatitis e virus in human population of different national in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of hev infection in different national human population in han, hui and zang in china. | 2012 | 22919753 |
| [the coastal areas of yantai human and swine hepatitis e virus genotyping analysis]. | survey of the coastal city of yantai, from human and swine hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype correlation. | 2012 | 22919748 |
| zoonotic hepatitis e virus strains in german blood donors. | | 2013 | 22913247 |
| ribavirin therapy for hepatitis e virus-induced acute on chronic liver failure: a preliminary report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute on chronic liver failure (aclf) in hev hyperendemic regions with high mortality. treatment for hev-induced aclf is currently not available. recently, efficacy of ribavirin in genotype 3 chronic hepatitis e patients has been reported; however, whether ribavirin is effective in genotype 1 hev infection is not yet known. the present study includes four patients with hev-induced aclf treated with ribavirin in a genotype 1 hev hyperendemic region. di ... | 2012 | 22910532 |
| hepatitis in the elderly: still a scourge. | liver disease presents with classic symptoms: fatigue, anorexia that progresses to nausea and vomiting, muscle and joint pain, and jaundice. its most common cause is viral infection (hepatitis) with one of the hepatotropic hepatitis viruses. although all types of hepatitis cause liver disease, their modes of transmission differ, and treatment may or may not be an option. in all types of hepatitis, people older than 65 years of age tend to develop more severe disease than those who are younger. h ... | 2012 | 22910128 |
| serological evidence for a hepatitis e virus-related agent in goats in the united states. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes an important public health disease in many developing countries and is also endemic in some industrialized countries. in addition to humans, strains of hev have been genetically identified from pig, chicken, rat, mongoose, deer, rabbit and fish. while the genotypes 1 and 2 hev are restricted to humans, the genotypes 3 and 4 hev are zoonotic and infect humans and other animal species. as a part of our ongoing efforts to search for potential animal reservoirs for hev ... | 2013 | 22909079 |
| assessment of the cross-protective capability of recombinant capsid proteins derived from pig, rat, and avian hepatitis e viruses (hev) against challenge with a genotype 3 hev in pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated water supplies, although many sporadic cases of hepatitis e are transmitted zoonotically via direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal meats. genotypes 3 and 4 hev are zoonotic and infect humans and other animal species, whereas genotypes 1 and 2 hev are restricted to humans. there exists a single serotype of hev, although the cross- ... | 2012 | 22906724 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus varies considerably among chinese provinces. | hepatitis e is a common infection in china, but few studies have been carried out to compare regional and ethnic factors in its prevalence. | 2012 | 22879828 |
| minor groove binder modification of widely used taqman probe for hepatitis e virus reduces risk of false negative real-time pcr results. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in many parts of the developing world. it is responsible for both sporadic infections and large scale epidemics and may be associated with significant mortality during pregnancy. over the past two decades many serological and nucleic acid based diagnostic tests for hev have been developed, including several reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction assays (rt-qpcr). one of the most widely used of these rt-qpcrs is ... | 2012 | 22871672 |
| chronic hepatitis e after solid organ transplantation. | large outbreaks of acute hepatitis e, caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 1 and 2, are known from developing countries with suboptimal sanitation infrastructure. an increasing incidence of hev infections is being reported in industrialised countries, caused mainly by hev genotypes 3 and 4, which are often found among pigs. recent evidence suggests that in immunocompromised patients about 50% of the cases of acute hepatitis e evolve to chronic hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis ... | 2012 | 22859417 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus and anti-salmonella antibodies in pigs at slaughter in switzerland. | hepatitis e virus (hev) and salmonella bacteria are zoonotic pathogens that can be acquired by foodborne transmission because food animals, for example pigs, are recognized as a reservoir. the objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-hev immunoglobulin g (igg) and anti-salmonella antibodies from healthy pigs at slaughter in switzerland, a country with a good health status of pig herds (e.g., eradication of enzootic pneumonia) compared with those of many countries in ... | 2012 | 22856574 |
| simple and rapid detection of swine hepatitis e virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric pathogen of humans and animals, and pigs have been considered an important reservoir of this virus. recent evidence has indicated the cross-species transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) from pigs to humans, causing zoonosis, mostly via consumption of uncooked or undercooked animal meat/viscera. in this study, we have developed a one-step rt-lamp assay for rapid detection of swine hev. specific primer sets targeting the orf3 gene were designed. the sensitiv ... | 2012 | 22855125 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e viruses from mongooses in okinawa, japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has previously been reported in wild mongooses on okinawa island; to date however, only one hev rna sequence has been identified in a mongoose. hence, this study was performed to detect hev rna in 209 wild mongooses on okinawa island. six (2.9%) samples tested positive for hev rna. phylogenetic analysis revealed that 6 hev rnas belonged to genotype 3 and were classified into groups a and b. in group b, mongoose-derived hev sequences were very similar to mongoose ... | 2012 | 22850461 |
| detection and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in clinical, environmental and putative animal sources. | putative animal reservoirs and environmental samples were studied to investigate potential routes of transmission for indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in hokkaido, japan. a total of 468 liver samples and 954 environmental samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 for this study. four swine livers (1 %) were positive for hev rna; two strains belonged to genotype 3 and the other two strains were genotype 4. genotype 3 hev was detected in a sewage sample and a seawater sample. hev strain ... | 2012 | 22847755 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in ghanaian blood donors - the importance of immunoassay selection and confirmation. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is emerging as a potential new threat to blood safety after several cases of transfusion-transmission were reported from non-epidemic countries. on the basis of seroprevalence data, hev is endemic in ghana where poor sanitary conditions and regular flooding are prevalent. however, no data are available for hev prevalence in blood donors. | 2013 | 22845878 |
| novel hepatitis e virus in ferrets, the netherlands. | | 2012 | 22840220 |
| hepatitis e virus strains in rabbits and evidence of a closely related strain in humans, france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) strains from rabbits indicate that these mammals may be a reservoir for hevs that cause infection in humans. to determine hev prevalence in rabbits and the strains' genetic characteristics, we tested bile, liver, and additional samples from farmed and wild rabbits in france. we detected hev rna in 7% (14/200) of bile samples from farmed rabbits (in 2009) and in 23% (47/205) of liver samples from wild rabbits (in 2007-2010). full-length genomic sequences indicated that all ... | 2012 | 22840216 |