| evaluation of hospitalized infants and young children with bronchiolitis - a multi centre study. | four hundred and twenty nine young children with bronchiolitis admitted consecutively in different hospitals of bangladesh were evaluated. three hundred and forty eight children studied for their putative risk factors, clinical profile, management and the outcome. both cases and controls were examined for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibody status. the diagnosis of bronchiolitis was made on the basis of first attack of wheeze in previously healthy children below two years of age. detailed ... | 2003 | 12894048 |
| bronchiolitis-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations among american indian and alaska native children--united states, 1990-2000. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in young children worldwide. approximately half of all lrti-associated hospitalizations are caused by bronchiolitis, with rsv accounting for 50%-80% of all bronchiolitis cases. bronchiolitis is an infection of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, with subsequent inflammation and edema resulting in airway obstruction. this process manifests clinically as cough, wheezing, tachypnea, an ... | 2003 | 12894058 |
| prevalence of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | neonates with fever generally undergo a full, invasive septic evaluation to exclude serious bacterial infection (sbi). the risk of sbi in febrile older infants and children with documented respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been found to be negligible. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sbi in febrile infants who were younger than 8 weeks and had documented rsv infection and to compare the risk of sbi with control subjects who were febrile and rsv-negativ ... | 2003 | 12897274 |
| sequelae of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy and early childhood among alaska native children. | in 1993-1996, we conducted a nested case-control study to determine risk factors for hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among alaska native infants and young children. in the current study, we returned to former rsv case-patients and their control subjects during 1999-2001 to determine whether children who are hospitalized with rsv at <2 years of age are more likely to develop chronic respiratory conditions. | 2003 | 12897275 |
| detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults. | the purpose of this study was to analyze cardiac tissue and blood for viral genomes using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to define the common viral etiologies of myocarditis by age group. | 2003 | 12906974 |
| development of respiratory syncytial virus "bronchiolitis" in guinea pigs does not reflect an allergic predisposition in the host. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in a minority of children. using a guinea pig model to determine if an allergic predisposition in the host increases permissiveness to rsv infection or severity of experimental "bronchiolitis," we compared the effects of rsv inoculation between strain 2 (allergy-resistant) and strain 13 (allergy-susceptible) inbred animals. | 2003 | 12907559 |
| association of an early respiratory syncytial virus infection and atopic allergy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes postbronchiolitic wheezing but its role in allergic sensitization is controversial. the purpose of the study was to examine the effect of an early rsv infection on allergic sensitization. | 2003 | 12911416 |
| effect of dexamethasone on tracheal viral load and interleukin-8 tracheal concentration in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is in part an immune-mediated disease. for that reason corticosteroids might be effective, especially in patients with severe rsv lower respiratory tract infection. our aim was to assess the effect of dexamethasone on tracheal viral load and airway inflammation in patients with rsv infection. | 2003 | 12913774 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection sensitizes cells to apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease worldwide, especially in the pediatric population. for viruses in general, apoptotic death of infected cells is a mechanism for reducing virus replication. apoptosis can also be an important factor in augmenting antigen presentation and the host immune response. we examined apoptosis in response to rsv infection of primary small airway cells, primary tracheal-bronchial cells, and a549 and hep-2 cell lines. the p ... | 2003 | 12915532 |
| link between genome packaging and rate of budding for rous sarcoma virus. | the subcellular location at which genomic rna is packaged by gag proteins during retrovirus assembly remains unknown. since the membrane-binding (m) domain is most critical for targeting gag to the plasma membrane, changes to this determinant might alter the path taken through the cell and reduce the efficiency of genome packaging. in this report, a rous sarcoma virus (rsv) mutant having two acidic-to-basic substitutions in the m domain is described. this mutant, designated super m, produced par ... | 2003 | 12915554 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) loads in premature infants with and without prophylactic rsv fusion protein monoclonal antibody. | it has not been determined whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein monoclonal antibody (mab) (palivizumab) reduces infection or simply ameliorates disease. in a prospective observational study, 27 hospitalized premature infants with rsv who were not receiving mab were compared with 10 such patients who were receiving mab. mean (sem) rsv loads in the mab and non-mab groups were 3.36 (0.59) versus 4.89 (0.27) logpfu/ml (p=.01). prophylactic palivizumab reduces nasal rsv in prematu ... | 2003 | 12915838 |
| clinical and laboratory study of newborns with lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory viruses. | to determine the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory viruses in the neonatal period at admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and to compare the clinical, laboratory and radiological aspects of the clinical course, according to the etiological agent, in the neonatal period. | 2003 | 12916686 |
| evaluation of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus gene deletion mutants in african green monkeys for their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. | towards the goal of developing live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines to prevent severe respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus, recombinant rsv containing a deletion of single or multiple ns1, ns2, sh and m2-2 genes have been generated. in this study, recombinants, ra2deltam2-2, ra2deltans2, ra2deltans1ns2, ra2deltashns2, ra2deltam2-2ns2 were evaluated in african green monkeys (agms) for their infectivity, immunogenicity and protection against wild ... | 2003 | 12922094 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in blood and marrow transplant recipients. | nurses caring for blood and bone marrow transplant recipients need to understand the effects that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can have on transplant recipients, family members, and healthcare providers. with knowledge about the virulence and transmission of rsv, nurses are in a position to educate patients and family, reduce nosocomial spread of the infection, and influence clinical practice. by recognizing specific risk factors for infection, nurses can act as gatekeepers who id ... | 2003 | 12929275 |
| severe and unrecognised: pertussis in uk infants. | to diagnose pertussis using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serology, in children admitted to intensive care units (picus) and some paediatric wards in london, and in their household contacts to determine the source of infection. | 2003 | 12937105 |
| rsv infections: developments in the search for new drugs. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and is also a significant threat to other populations including the immunosuppressed, the elderly and those with chronic chest or cardiac disease. to expand the scope of available antiviral drugs, presently limited to ribavirin, a variety of different structural formats have been explored in the past half-dozen years. interesting leads for future discovery and lead development ... | 2000 | 12937627 |
| rsv-induced bronchiolitis but not upper respiratory tract infection is accompanied by an increased nasal il-18 response. | the aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in the local nasal immune response between bronchiolitis and upper respiratory tract infection induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nasal brush samples were obtained from 14 infants with rsv bronchiolitis and from 8 infants with rsv upper respiratory tract infection. the samples were taken during infection (acute phase) and 2-4 weeks later (convalescent phase). cytospin preparations were stained immunohistochemically for t c ... | 2003 | 12938205 |
| enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia associated with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccination are linked to g glycoprotein cx3c-cx3cr1 interaction and expression of substance p. | vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) vaccine or rsv g glycoprotein results in enhanced pulmonary disease after live rsv infection. enhanced pulmonary disease is characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia and is associated with a substantial inflammatory response. we show that the absence of the g glycoprotein or g glycoprotein cx3c motif during fi-rsv vaccination or rsv challenge of fi-rsv-vaccinated mice, or treatment with anti-substance p or anti-cx3cr1 antib ... | 2003 | 12941892 |
| nucleotide-mediated inhibition of alveolar fluid clearance in balb/c mice after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children worldwide. intranasal infection of balb/c mice with rsv strain a2, but not ultraviolet-inactivated rsv, for 2 or 4 days reduced basal alveolar fluid clearance (afc), a seminal function of bronchoalveolar epithelium, and caused loss of afc sensitivity to amiloride inhibition. reduced afc was temporally associated with increased lung water content but was not a consequence of incre ... | 2004 | 12948936 |
| admission to the intensive care unit for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a national survey before palivizumab use. | preterm infants, especially those with chronic lung disease (cld), are considered more susceptible to severe respiratory illness from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection than healthy term infants, and are therefore targeted for prophylactic administration of immune globulins. the impact of this practice on the more severe cases of bronchiolitis (i.e., pediatric intensive care unit [picu] admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality) has not been reported to date. the aim of this study wa ... | 2003 | 12949282 |
| risk factors for recurrent wheezing following acute bronchiolitis: a 12-month follow-up. | the objective of this study was to identify wheezing recurrences and related risk factors in two groups of infants with bronchiolitis: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)+ and rsv- as determined by rsv enzyme immunoassay. a 1-year prospective cohort study was conducted with infants younger than 2 years old. follow-up was made monthly, by a clinical visit and/or by telephone, checking the number of wheezing episodes per month and possible related risk factors. there were 96 subjects enrolled, of wh ... | 2003 | 12950045 |
| neuraminidase treatment of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells or virions, but not target cells, enhances cell-cell fusion and infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of hela cells induces fusion, but transient expression of the three viral glycoproteins induces fusion poorly, if at all. we found that neuraminidase treatment of rsv-infected cells to remove sialic acid (sa) increases fusion dramatically and that the same treatment of transiently transfected cells expressing the three viral glycoproteins, or even cells expressing the fusion (f) protein alone, results in easily detectable fusion. neuraminidase treatmen ... | 2003 | 12951019 |
| detecting rice stripe virus (rsv) in the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) with high specificity by rt-pcr. | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv), may lead to severe or even crippling losses in many rice-cultured countries and regions. as the most important vector of rsv, the small brown planthopper (sbph) (laodelphax striatellus) is largely responsible for the epidemic phase of the disease. therefore, a rapid identification of rsv in the sbph is of a great need for disease forecasting. a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is described to amplify a rsv gene ... | 2003 | 12951219 |
| cytokine production of rsv/pha-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells: influences of age and atopy. | links between immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), age and atopic sensitisation are poorly understood. this study investigated the induction of target organ type-1, type-2 and proinflammatory cytokine responses to rsv and/or phytohaemagglutinin (pha) in tonsillar mononuclear cells from children, in relation to age and atopic status. in comparison with the control medium, rsv induced production of the type-1 cytokines interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-18, the pro-infla ... | 2003 | 12952267 |
| position dependence of the rous sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing element reflects proximity to a 5' splice site. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv) requires incomplete splicing of its viral transcripts to maintain efficient replication. a splicing inhibitor element, the negative regulator of splicing (nrs), is located near the 5' end of the rna but the significance of this positioning is not known. in a heterologous intron the nrs functions optimally when positioned close to the authentic 5' splice site. this observation led us to investigate the basis of the position dependence. four explanations were put forth and ... | 2003 | 12954228 |
| lack of sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in older individuals and adults with cardiopulmonary diseases using available rapid antigen detection tests may be difficult due to the low virus shedding in this population. these tests have been extensively evaluated in hospitalized infants, but there is only limited data on their usefulness in adult populations. we evaluated the performance of three different rapid antigen detection tests: becton dickinson directigen rsv (bd), barte ... | 2003 | 12957187 |
| comparison of quantitative reverse transcription-pcr to viral culture for assessment of respiratory syncytial virus shedding. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has recently been recognized as a serious pathogen in elderly and immunocompromised adults. diagnosis of acute infection in adults is often difficult due to the insensitivity of viral culture, and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) is a more sensitive alternative. the relationship of quantitative rt-pcr to viable virus has never been studied for rsv. therefore, we compared a quantitative real-time rt-pcr with viral culture to assess viral load in adult volunteer ... | 2003 | 12958241 |
| applicability of a real-time quantitative pcr assay for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) accounts for the majority of respiratory virus infections, producing high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies. the available methods for the rapid detection of rsv by antigen detection or pcr either lack sensitivity, require complex laboratory manipulation, or have not been evaluated in this patient population. to assess the applicability of a taqman-based real-time pcr technique for the detection of rsv a and b in immunoc ... | 2003 | 12958272 |
| prevalence of viral dna in amniotic fluid of low-risk pregnancies in the second trimester. | the association between fetal viral infection and adverse pregnancy outcome is well documented. however, the prevalence of common viral pathogens in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancies is not established. the purpose of this study was to determine this prevalence in asymptomatic patients. | 2003 | 12962262 |
| variants of the chemokine receptor ccr5 are associated with severe bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is characterized by intense inflammation of the airways, and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines can be found in respiratory secretions of affected infants. important among these chemokines are rantes (regulated on activation, normal t cell-expressed and -secreted) and macrophage inflammatory-protein alpha, mip-1alpha, both of which show correlation with severe rsv bronchiolitis. it is not clear whether high levels of these chem ... | 2003 | 12964123 |
| binding and entry of respiratory syncytial virus into host cells and initiation of the innate immune response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the elderly. there is currently no effective antiviral treatment for the infection, but advances in our understanding of rsv uptake, especially the role of surfactant proteins, the attachment protein g and the fusion protein f, as well as the post-binding events, have revealed potential targets for new therapies and vaccine development. rsv infection triggers an intense inflammat ... | 2003 | 12969373 |
| interaction between human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) m2-1 and p proteins is required for reconstitution of m2-1-dependent rsv minigenome activity. | we have investigated protein-protein interactions among the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna polymerase subunits using affinity chromatography. here we demonstrate a novel interaction of p and m2-1 proteins. phosphorylation of either m2-1 or p appears to be dispensable for this interaction. internal deletions within p mapped the m2-1-binding domain to a region between residues 100 and 120. alanine-scanning mutagenesis within this region of p revealed that substitution of any one of the thre ... | 2003 | 12970453 |
| comparison of moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults for growth on modified new york city medium and potential virulence factors. | initial studies found that moraxella catarrhalis isolates from adults that grew on modified new york city medium (mnyc(+)) that contained antibiotics selective for pathogenic neisseriae differed from strains that did not grow on this medium (mnyc(-)) in their potential virulence properties. it was predicted that higher usage of antibiotics to treat respiratory illness in children might result in higher proportions of mnyc(+) isolates if antibiotics were an important selective pressure for this p ... | 2003 | 12972578 |
| real-time pcr to improve the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important virus respiratory pathogens in infants and young children. a rapid and sensitive diagnosis is essential to focus any outbreak due to this virus. a real-time rt-pcr method was designed using a primer/probe pair from the f gene. simultaneously with nested rt-pcr and antigen elisa, 71 consecutive specimens from hospitalized children with clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress were evaluated to confirm the incidence of rsv infec ... | 2003 | 12972584 |
| the brain of newly hatched chicks as a host-virus system for biological studies on the rous sarcoma virus (rsv). | | 1956 | 13286703 |
| modification of tumor-response to rous sarcoma virus (rsv) by hydrocortisone. | | 1956 | 13297724 |
| chimeric pneumovirus nucleocapsid (n) proteins allow identification of amino acids essential for the function of the respiratory syncytial virus n protein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major structural protein which encapsidates the rna genome and is essential for replication and transcription of the rsv genome. the n protein of the related virus pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is functionally unable to replace the rsv n protein in a minigenome replication assay. using chimeric proteins, in which the immediate c-terminal part of the rsv n protein was replaced with the equivalent region of the ... | 2003 | 13679601 |
| importance of the infecting dose on growth patterns of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) in chick brain. | | 1960 | 13739819 |
| a macrofocus assay for rous sarcoma virus (rsv) in chicken embryo cells. | | 1963 | 14070181 |
| analysis of the defectiveness of rous sarcoma virus, ii. specification of rsv antigenicity by helper virus. | | 1964 | 14104603 |
| age effects on the host and tissue response to rous sarcoma virus (rsv). | | 1964 | 14184619 |
| a review of recent studies on rous sarcoma virus (rsv) emphasizing virus-cell-host interactions. | | 1964 | 14269510 |
| clonal response of chick fibroblasts to infection with rous sarcoma virus (rsv). | | 1965 | 14279065 |
| analysis of the defectiveness of rous sarcoma virus. 3. determining influence of a new helper virus on the host range and susceptibility to interference of rsv. | | 1965 | 14297212 |
| further studies on specific transplantation antigens in rous sarcoma of mice. | mice allografted with different sarcomas, induced by the schmidt-ruppin variant of rous sarcoma virus (rsv-sr), showed a resistance against subsequent isografting of 9 different rous sarcomas. transplantation resistance could also be induced by rous mouse tumor cells x-irradiated with 8000 r or with cell-free tumor extracts, containing no demonstrable virus. no transplantation resistance could be demonstrated after allograft pretreatment with various polyoma tumors or non-viral tumors. allograft ... | 1965 | 14316951 |
| suppression of rous sarcoma virus growth in tissue cultures by mycoplasma orale. | somerson, norman l. (national institute of allergy and infectious diseases, bethesda, md.), and m. k. cook. suppression of rous sarcoma virus growth in tissue cultures by mycoplasma orale. j. bacteriol. 90:534-540. 1965.-an agent which produced cell destruction in human diploid and chick-embryo fibroblasts was isolated from wi-26 strain of human diploid fibroblasts and shown to be a mycoplasma. the multiplication of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and rous associated virus (rav) was inhibited in wi-26, ... | 1965 | 14329470 |
| quantitative studies on rous sarcoma virus. v. an analysis of the mechanism of virulence of the bryan "high titer" strain of rsv. | | 1960 | 14434915 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | aim: to examine over time, the cellular response within the lungs of infants ventilated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and to compare this response in infants born at term with those born preterm. | 2003 | 14500316 |
| adjuvants recognized by toll-like receptors inhibit the induction of polarized type 2 t cell responses by natural attachment (g) protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | immunization with native fusion (f) protein from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) adsorbed to alum adjuvant generates greater than fourfold rises in serum neutralizing antibody titers in approximately 50% of seropositive humans. using balb/c mice we demonstrate herein that enhanced neutralization titers and accelerated clearance of virus from the lungs after challenge are possible if the attachment (g) glycoprotein is added to f protein-based vaccines. we further reveal for the first time that ... | 2003 | 14505917 |
| effect of palivizumab prophylaxis in decreasing respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in premature infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of hospitalization in preterm infants and infants with chronic lung disease (cld). palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, was approved in europe in 1999 as prophylaxis against severe rsv-related respiratory illness. no multiple season data have been published on palivizumab effectiveness in european populations. data collected during 4 years in spain compared rsv hospitalization rates and risk factors in a cohort of palivizumab-prophylaxe ... | 2003 | 14506376 |
| effects of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus antigen insertion in two 3' proximal genome positions of bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 on virus replication and immunogenicity. | a live attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3), harboring the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) genes of human piv3, was used as a virus vector to express surface glycoproteins derived from two human pathogens, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv and hmpv are both paramyxoviruses that cause respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. rsv has been known for decades to cause acute lower respira ... | 2003 | 14512532 |
| genetic recombination during coinfection of two mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus. | recombination between coinfecting viruses had not been documented previously for a nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus (mononegavirus). we investigated the potential of intermolecular recombination by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by coinfecting hep-2 cells with two recombinant rsv (rrsv) mutants lacking either the g gene (deltag/hek) or the ns1 and ns2 genes (deltans1/2). these viruses replicate inefficiently and form pinpoint plaques in hep-2 cells. therefore, potential recombined virus ... | 2003 | 14512568 |
| lactoferrin and surfactant protein a exhibit distinct binding specificity to f protein and differently modulate respiratory syncytial virus infection. | surfactant protein a (sp-a) and lactoferrin (lf) play important roles in innate immune systems in the respiratory mucous membranes. we investigated how sp-a and lf act against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the present study indicated that rsv-induced il-8 secretion from hep-2 cells was up-regulated by sp-a (170% of control) but down-regulated by lf (23% of control). rsv infectivity determined by viral titers and the uptake of fitc-labeled rsv were also increased by sp-a, but decre ... | 2003 | 14515273 |
| [potential impact and cost-efficacy of bronchiolitis prophylaxis with palivizumab in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 33 weeks]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children aged less than 2 years. the effectiveness of palivizumab has recently been reported in several clinical trials. | 2003 | 14519303 |
| effectiveness of drug therapies to treat or prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection-related morbidity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes a huge burden to the health service, as it results in a large number of in-patient days each year and increases the risk of asthma in childhood. in the acute phase, therapy is supportive as bronchodilators and corticosteroids have resulted, at best, only in short-term benefits; promising treatments for ventilated patients, such as exogenous surfactant, require further testing. passive immunoprophylaxis reduces hospital admission in high risk gro ... | 2003 | 14521489 |
| [bronchial asthma infectious exacerbations]. | bronchial asthma and asthma-like form of copd often undergo exacerbations with symptoms of infection. currently, there is a general agreement, that most of these infections that exacerbate asthma especially in children are caused by viruses. several "common cold" viruses are known to cause these exacerbations (rsv, parainfluenza virus, rhinoviruses). to date, there is no certainty, if viruses exacerbate asthma alone or in combination with allergen. it is also unknown, whether they can induce pri ... | 2003 | 14524273 |
| the natural history of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cancer and transplant patients: implications for management. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to cause severe morbidity and mortality among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy with or without autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (apbsct). however, little is known about the natural history of this infection in these patients, and current standard practice, aerosolized ribavirin plus intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), is extremely expensive, difficult to use, and not supported by controlled clinical trials. the purpose ... | 2004 | 14525792 |
| surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus in infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection in chile (1989 to 2000). | hospitalized infants (4,618) were studied for lower respiratory infections from 1989 through 2000 by routine immunofluorescence assay and viral isolation. the hospitalization rate for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) averaged 2% per year. the fatality rate was 0.1%. monthly rsv detection varied from 14 to 88%, and epidemics lasted 3.5 to 6 months. from 1994 high-early versus low-late epidemic patterns alternately were observed, the first influenced by a group b strain. | 2003 | 14532249 |
| elevations of local leukotriene c4 levels during viral upper respiratory tract infections. | one potential mechanism by which respiratory viruses trigger illness and complications is via the local elaboration of inflammatory mediators. | 2003 | 14533659 |
| influenza a community-acquired pneumonia in east london infants and young children. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is common in young children, but there are few data in europe on influenza a virus as a cause of childhood cap. the aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions of different etiologic agents to cap in children. | 2003 | 14551480 |
| substantial variability in community respiratory syncytial virus season timing. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. prevention of rsv disease in children in certain high risk groups through use of immunoglobulin preparations has been recommended by the american academy of pediatrics since 1998. a more precise understanding of the timing of annual rsv epidemics should assist providers in maximizing the benefit of these preventive therapies. the objective of this study was to determine whether current national ... | 2003 | 14551484 |
| multiple heparin binding domains of respiratory syncytial virus g mediate binding to mammalian cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein mediates cell attachment through surface glycosaminoglycans (gags). feldman et al. [10] suggested that specific basic amino acids in residues 184-198 of g defined a critical heparin binding domain (hbd). to further define the g hbd we made a series of truncated g proteins expressed in escherichia coli. g88 (g residues 143-231), bound to hep-2 cells in a dose dependent manner and binding was inhibited >99% with heparin. cell binding of g88 was unal ... | 2003 | 14551820 |
| toll-like receptor 4 is not involved in host defense against respiratory tract infection with sendai virus. | toll-like receptors (tlr) induce innate immune responses upon stimulation by a wide variety of pathogens. tlr4 has been implicated in innate immunity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by an interaction with the viral envelope fusion (f) protein. sendai virus (mouse parainfluenza type 1) shares many features with rsv, including a structurally and functionally similar f protein. to determine the role of tlr4 in host defense against sendai virus respiratory tract infection, tlr4 mutant and ... | 2003 | 14556979 |
| inability to evoke a long-lasting protective immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice correlates with ineffective nasal antibody responses. | long-lasting protective antibody is not normally generated in children following primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, frequently leading to reinfection. we used the balb/c mouse model to examine the role of the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and the bone marrow in the generation of rsv-specific long-lasting plasma cells, with a view to further understanding the mechanisms responsible for the poorly sustained rsv antibody levels following primary infection. we show here that sub ... | 2003 | 14557616 |
| [the influence of winter 2002 in pediatric health: dissociation between environmental factors and respiratory syncytial viruses, in santiago]. | the increase in winter related health pediatric demand is associated with three factors: cold and rainy weather, air pollution and respiratory viral epidemics. during the winter of 2002 there was, successively, heavy rain, air pollution, cold weather and a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemic in santiago. | 2003 | 14558245 |
| respiratory syncytial virus up-regulates tlr4 and sensitizes airway epithelial cells to endotoxin. | airway epithelial cells are unresponsive to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (lps)) exposure under normal conditions. this study demonstrates that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection results in increased sensitivity to this environmental exposure. infection with rsv results in increased expression of toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 mrna, protein, and increased tlr4 membrane localization. this permits significantly enhanced lps binding to the epithelial monolayer that is blocked by disruption of ... | 2003 | 14565959 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. | to evaluate the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of palivizumab in children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (chd). | 2003 | 14571236 |
| cardiac troponin i as a predictor of respiratory failure in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections: a pilot study. | this pilot study was performed to assess the use of cardiac troponin i to predict respiratory failure in children admitted to the hospital with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. we enrolled a prospective convenience sample of children under 5 years of age who were admitted to our university-based, tertiary care children's hospital from december 1, 2000, to february 1, 2002, with rsv infections. a cardiac troponin i was drawn at admission. we assessed the test characteristics for posi ... | 2003 | 14574656 |
| [viral infection in children with malignant diseases]. | infection, including viral infection, still cause serious complication in the course of chemotherapy. recognition of viral infections, monitoring, prophylaxis and treatment is aimed at reducing the number of infected patients, mitigating the cause of the disease and limiting deaths directly linked with infections in paediatric cancer patients. viruses from the herpes group (hsv, vzv, ebv, cmv) are particularly dangerous. they can cause not only asymptomatic and local infectious but also general ... | 2003 | 14575009 |
| [exacerbation of aspirin-induced asthma associated with rsv infection]. | we report the case of a 60 year old woman, suffering for 8 years from aspirin-induced asthma, having an airway infection of rsv-respiratory syncytial virus. new methods of molecular biology were used to identify the virus in the lung bioptate (rt-pcr, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nested pcr). the role of viruses, especially rna, is still unknown in pathogenesis of asthma. the reported case could help to explain their participation in this disease. | 2003 | 14575023 |
| antiviral activity of rhoa-derived peptides against respiratory syncytial virus is dependent on formation of peptide dimers. | a synthetic peptide containing amino acids 77 to 95 of the intracellular gtpase rhoa has previously been shown to inhibit replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cultured cells. we show that residues 80 to 90 of rhoa are sufficient for this activity and that the cysteine residue at position 83 is critical. further studies with an optimal peptide sequence containing amino acids 80 to 94 of rhoa revealed that the antiviral potency of the peptide is dependent on the oxidation of cystein ... | 2003 | 14576104 |
| reactive oxygen species mediate virus-induced stat activation: role of tyrosine phosphatases. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract illness in children in the united states and worldwide. rsv infection of airway epithelial cells induces formation of reactive oxygen species (ros), whose production mediates the expression of cytokines and chemokines involved the immune/inflammatory responses of the lung. in this study, we have investigated the role of ros in rsv-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription (stat) activation and i ... | 2004 | 14578356 |
| sepsis workup in febrile infants 0-90 days of age with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to ascertain the incidence, determinants, and outcome of sepsis workup in febrile infants aged 0-90 days with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2003 | 14578830 |
| rice stripe virus 23.9 k protein aggregates and forms inclusion bodies in cultured insect cells and virus-infected plant cells. | the genome of rice stripe virus (rsv, genus tenuivirus) contains seven open reading frames (orfs). little is known about the products of four of these orfs, including the 23.9 k protein encoded by the virus-sense orf of rna3. western blotting revealed that the 23.9 k protein was synthesized in the host plant and also in the planthopper vector of rsv. using a baculovirus vector, the 23.9 k protein was expressed, both unfused and fused with red-shifted green fluorescent protein, in spodoptera frug ... | 2003 | 14579176 |
| vaccine-induced immunopathology during bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: exploring the parameters of pathogenesis. | the bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses cause severe lower respiratory tract infections. effective vaccines against the respiratory syncytial viruses have been lacking since vaccine failures in the 1960s and 1970s. in this report, we describe a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) challenge model in which both classical brsv respiratory infection and vaccine-enhanced immune pathology were reproduced. the classical, formalin-inactivated (fi) brsv vaccine that has been associated w ... | 2003 | 14581543 |
| identification of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in untransformed and rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. | phosphorylation on tyrosine residues mediated by pp60src appears to be a primary biochemical event leading to the establishment of the transformed phenotype in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-infected cells. to identify the cellular proteins that undergo tyrosine phosphorylation during transformation, a 32p-labeled rsv-transformed chicken embryo cell extract was analyzed by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel. after slicing the gel into approximately 60 slices, phosphoamino acid analyses were carri ... | 1982 | 14582160 |
| stable expression of hrgfp by mouse embryonic stem cells: promoter activity in the undifferentiated state and during dopaminergic neural differentiation. | three promoters, cellular polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) were examined for stable transgene expression in mouse embryonic stem (es) cells and their progeny during dopaminergic neural differentiation. in undifferentiated es cells the ef1 promoter was highly effective, while cmv had moderate activity. after 3 months in culture, expression of humanized renilla green fluorescent protein (hrgfp) was unchanged for the ef1 promoter ... | 2003 | 14595124 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections during an epidemic period in salvador, brazil. viral antigenic group analysis and description of clinical and epidemiological aspects. | acute respiratory infections (ari) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied in 482 children from salvador, ba, brazil, over a period of 12 months. the epidemic period of rsv infections in salvador occurred from february (summer) to august (winter), with peaks in may, june, and july. the grouping characteristics of 84 rsv present in nasopharyngeal secretions of children seen at a reference university hospital were analyzed. rsv represented 17.4% of all cases and 54.5% of the posit ... | 2003 | 14595448 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in spain. | the aim of this population-based retrospective study was to determine the incidence of hospitalization for community-acquired, laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in an unselected paediatric population from southern europe. the study was performed in an area with 15,700 children aged less than 5 years attended by a single hospital. the presence of rsv in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection treated in the hospital was investigated i ... | 2003 | 14596527 |
| uncinoside a and b, two new antiviral chromone glycosides from selaginella uncinata. | five compounds have been isolated from the dried whole plants of selaginella uncinata, two of them were new chromone glycosides, 5-hydroxy-2,6,8-trimethylchromone 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (uncinoside a) and 5-acetoxyl-2,6,8-trimethylchromone 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (uncinoside b). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques. the other three compounds were identified as 8-methyl eugenitol, amentoflavone and hinokiflavone. uncino ... | 2003 | 14600370 |
| postulation of and evidence for provirus existence in rsv-transformed cells and for an oncogenic activity associated with only part of the rsv genome. | this article gives a historical insight into the establishment of suitable models allowing the postulation that chicken rous sarcoma virus (rsv) becomes integrated in different cells as a provirus. this is documented by the correspondence between two laboratories involved in these investigations. special attention is paid to rsv-transformed mammalian cells, their virogenic nature, virus rescue by cell fusion, and finally their use for the oncogene v-src characterization. two sets of experiments ... | 2003 | 14604810 |
| prior airway exposure to allergen increases virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in early life can lead to changes in airway function, but there are likely additional predisposing factors, such as prior allergen exposure, determining which children develop wheezing and asthma. | 2003 | 14610471 |
| guidelines for palivizumab prophylaxis: are they based on infant's risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial viral disease? | the american academy of pediatrics (aap) guidelines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis aim to prioritize palivizumab administration to infants at highest risk for rsv disease. multiple studies have been published that assess the risk of hospitalization for rsv disease by gestational age (ga) at birth and severity of lung disease. | 2003 | 14614363 |
| the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and safety of bbg2na, a subunit respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidate, against rsv-b. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is divided into subgroups a and b, based primarily on variation within the g glycoprotein. a safe vaccine that protects against both would be the ideal. bbg2na is a recombinant subunit rsv vaccine candidate derived in part from the g protein of rsv-a. interestingly, bbg2na formulated in alum protected against rsv-b challenge at early time points following vaccination in mice. over 6 months, however, bbg2na-induced immunogenicity and protective efficacy progressi ... | 2003 | 14615143 |
| review of epidemiology and clinical risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most frequent reason for hospitalization of infants in developed countries. premature birth without or, especially, with chronic lung disease of prematurity, congenital heart disease, and t-cell immunodeficiency are conditions that predispose to more severe forms of rsv infection. incomplete development of the airway, damage to the airway, and airway hyperreactivity underlie the increased morbidity of rsv infection in prematurely born infants. p ... | 2003 | 14615709 |
| environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. | to critically review the literature examining risk factors for development of severe respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lri). | 2003 | 14615710 |
| recent trends in severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) among us infants, 1997 to 2000. | to provide current estimates of the incidence, associated risk factors, and costs of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections among infants in the united states, defined as emergency department (ed) visits, hospitalization, and death. | 2003 | 14615711 |
| effect of prematurity on respiratory syncytial virus hospital resource use and outcomes. | to determine if gestational age (ga) is independently associated with hospital resource use and outcomes among infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2003 | 14615712 |
| complications in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis or respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. | to characterize complications among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2003 | 14615713 |
| morbidity and mortality after rsv-associated hospitalizations among premature canadian infants. | to evaluate the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections on subsequent health care resource utilization in preterm infants. | 2003 | 14615714 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), varicella, and pneumococcal infections: economic-based decision-making. | to compare costs and health benefits of three prophylactic interventions recommended by the american academy of pediatrics (aap) and to help quantify the impact of illness and enhance the physicians' ability to make informed decisions. | 2003 | 14615715 |
| bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus in an area of portugal: epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors. | the aim of the present study was to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 225 children observed in a paediatric hospital in lisbon, portugal, and to determine the clinical, epidemiological, or laboratory parameters that correlate with greater severity of the disease. this prospective study included hospitalised and ambulatory children younger than 36 months of age with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis and was conducte ... | 2004 | 14615937 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as a common cause of respiratory illness in children younger than 5 years]. | | 2003 | 14616052 |
| otitis and respiratory distress episodes following a respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to document, over two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons, the occurrence of acute otitis media (aom) and recurrence of respiratory distress in children < 2 years of age hospitalized for respiratory distress. | 2003 | 14616742 |
| modeling the structure of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein by silent-mutation analysis of global searching molecular dynamics. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes a small hydrophobic (sh) protein, whose function in the life cycle of the virus is unknown. recent channel activity measurements of the protein suggest that like other viroporins, sh may assemble into a homo-oligomeric ion channel. to further our understanding of this potentially important protein, a new strategy was implemented in order to model the transmembrane oligomeric bundle of the protein. global searching molecular dynamic simulations of s ... | 2003 | 14627728 |
| apical recycling systems regulate directional budding of respiratory syncytial virus from polarized epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. rsv infection is limited to the superficial layers of the respiratory epithelium in immunocompetent individuals. consistent with this in vivo observation, we and others have found that rsv buds preferentially from the apical surface of infected polarized epithelial cells. in contrast, directional budding is not observed in nonpolarized human epithelial ce ... | 2003 | 14630951 |
| substituted benzimidazoles with nanomolar activity against respiratory syncytial virus. | a cell-based assay was used to discover compounds inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced fusion in hela/m cells. a lead compound was identified and subsequent synthesis of >300 analogues led to the identification of jnj 2408068 (r170591), a low molecular weight (mw 395) benzimidazole derivative with an ec(50) (0.16 nm) against some lab strains almost 100,000 times better than that of ribavirin (15 microm). antiviral activity was confirmed for subgroup a and b clinical isolates of h ... | 2003 | 14638397 |
| short duration aerosols of jnj 2408068 (r170591) administered prophylactically or therapeutically protect cotton rats from experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. | cotton rats exposed to continuous small droplet aerosols of 2[[2-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]-4-methyl-1h-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-6-methyl-3-pyridinol (jnj 2408068) or its hydrochloric salt for only 15 min, one day prior to virus inoculation or one day after, were significantly protected from pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection compared to control animals similarly infected but exposed to aerosols of placebo at these times. no evidence of toxicity was seen in any o ... | 2003 | 14638398 |
| influenza a in young children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to determine the prevalence of influenza a in young children suspected of having respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and to compare the clinical presentation of these patients with those who have proven rsv infection. | 2003 | 14644795 |
| revised indications for the use of palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) are licensed by the food and drug administration for use in preventing severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in high-risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease (formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. this statement provides revised recommendations for administering rsv prophylaxis to infants and children ... | 2003 | 14654627 |