| aberrant localization and underglycosylation of highly accumulating single-chain fv-fc antibodies in transgenic arabidopsis seeds. | production of high-value recombinant proteins in transgenic seeds is an attractive and economically feasible alternative to conventional systems based on mammalian cells and bacteria. in contrast to leaves, seeds allow high-level accumulation of recombinant proteins in a relatively small volume and a stable environment. we demonstrate that single-chain variable fragment (scfv)-fc antibodies, with n-terminal signal sequence and c-terminal kdel tag, can accumulate to very high levels as bivalent i ... | 2007 | 17227846 |
| a dynamic model for assessing universal hepatitis a vaccination in canada. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) in canada is currently targeted toward high-risk groups. however, universal vaccination has been adopted in several other countries with a similar disease burden. here we develop an age-structured compartmental model of hav transmission and vaccination in canada to assess potential universal vaccination strategies. the model predicts that universal vaccination at age 1 (respectively 4, 9, 15), with phasing out of targeted vaccination, would reduce repo ... | 2007 | 17229493 |
| immunoglobulin a (iga) is a natural ligand of hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr1), and the association of iga with havcr1 enhances virus-receptor interactions. | the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr1/tim1), a member of the t-cell immunoglobulin mucin (tim) family, is an important atopy susceptibility gene in humans. the exact natural function of havcr1/tim1 and the inverse association between hav infection and prevention of atopy are not well understood. to identify natural ligands of human havcr1/tim1, we used an expression cloning strategy based on the binding of dog cells transfected with a human lymph node cdna library to a havcr1/tim1 fc ... | 2007 | 17229699 |
| immunizations for hiv-infected adults: indications, timing, and response. | vaccines routinely recommended for hiv-infected adults include those for influenza, hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, pneumococcal infection, and tetanus. responses to vaccination may be affected by cd4+ cell count and viral load. a number of live vaccines are contraindicated in the hiv-infected population. this article summarizes a presentation on immunization in hiv-infected adults made by david h. spach, md, at the 9th annual ryan white care act clinical update in washington, dc, in augus ... | 2006 | 17237556 |
| changing patterns of acute viral hepatitis at a major urban referral center in egypt. | changes in the viral etiology of hospitalized patients can inform us of changes in the overall epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis infections. we hypothesized that improvements in health care and sanitation in the past 2 decades in egypt have significantly impacted the viral causes of acute viral hepatitis in hospitalized patients. we compared the viral causes of acute viral hepatitis at a major urban referral center with results reported from the same center 20 years earlier. | 2007 | 17243045 |
| declining trend in the seroprevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus in thailand. | since the mid 1970s, infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) in thailand has shifted from hyper-endemic to mesoendemic. in 2004, to explore this trend in prevalence further, 3997 subjects from four geographically distinct provinces of thailand were tested, in a commercial elisa, for antibodies to hav. the results indicate that the seroprevalence of hav continues to fall, almost certainly because the profound socio-economic development that has occurred over the last few decades in thailand has br ... | 2007 | 17244410 |
| disease-modifying effects of postexposure hepatitis a active immunization. | several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hepatitis a virus (hav) active vaccine in the prevention of secondary hav infection when administered shortly after exposure. | 2006 | 17256681 |
| prevalence and factors associated with self-reported vaccination rates among us adults at high risk of vaccine-preventable hepatitis. | despite a routine vaccination for preventing hav and hbv in young age groups during the past decade, adults at high risk of hepatitis are not reached effectively by vaccination programs. this study sought to estimate the prevalence of adults at higher risk of vaccine-preventable hepatitis (hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv)) in the us and their vaccination rates. also, the association between vaccination rates and selected demographic, socio-economic characteristics and comorbid ... | 2006 | 17257463 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in infants and young children. | infants with passively transferred maternal antibody, born to mothers immune to hepatitis a virus (hav), have a blunted response to hepatitis a (ha) vaccine. we compared ha vaccine immunogenicity among infants born to immune and susceptible mothers, vaccinated on different schedules. | 2007 | 17259872 |
| molecular confirmation of oysters as the vector for hepatitis a in a 2005 multistate outbreak. | numerous hepatitis a outbreaks were linked to the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish in the united states between 1960 and 1989. however, there had been no major molluscan shellfish-associated hepatitis a outbreaks reported in the united states for more than a decade (1989 to 2004). beginning in late august 2005, at least 10 clusters of hepatitis a illnesses, totaling 39 persons, occurred in four states among restaurant patrons who ate oysters. epidemiologic data indicated that oysters were ... | 2007 | 17265873 |
| [macrophage activation syndrome in children with rheumatic disorders: a retrospective study on 6 patients]. | to study the clinical manifestations of rheumatic disorders with macrophage activation syndrome (mas) in children. | 2006 | 17274867 |
| convenience is the key to hepatitis a and b vaccination uptake among young adult injection drug users. | despite cdc recommendations to vaccinate injection drug users (idus) against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections, coverage remains low. vaccination programs convenient to idus have not been widely implemented or evaluated. we assessed whether convenience and monetary incentives influenced uptake of free vaccine by 18-30-year-old idus in five u.s. cities. | 2007 | 17276018 |
| participant-collected, mail-delivered oral fluid specimens can replace traditional serosurveys: a demonstration-of-feasibility survey of hepatitis a virus-specific antibodies in adults. | although population-based serosurveys offer an optimal measure of cumulative infection rates, they are seldom performed due to high cost and complex logistics. use of participant self-collected oral fluid as a diagnostic specimen and mail for specimen delivery has the potential of generating reliable, population-representative data at limited cost. | 2007 | 17278676 |
| [immunogenicity of experimentally combined hepatitis a and hepatitis e vaccine at different dosage ratio]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of experimentally combined hepatitis a and hepatitis e (cha+e) vaccine and analyze the interactions between the two antigenic components in vaccine. | 2007 | 17286906 |
| serological markers of hepatitis a, b and c viruses in rural communities of the semiarid brazilian northeast. | in the village of cavunge, located in a dry tropical, semiarid rural region of the state of bahia, brazil, a sentinel study on viral hepatitis is underway. we report on the first part of the study. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis a, b and c in the village. cross sectional study. blood samples were tested for serological markers of hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv) and c (hcv) through elisa-iii assay. in hbsag and anti-hcv carriers, hcv-rn ... | 2006 | 17293918 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in afro-brazilian isolated communities in central brazil. | to investigate hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rates among isolated african-descendant communities in central brazil, 947 subjects were interviewed about demographic characteristics in all 12 isolated afro-descendant communities existing in the state of mato grosso do sul, central brazil, between march 2002 and november 2003. blood samples were collected and sera were tested for hav antibodies (total and igm anti-hav) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the overall prevalence of hav infectio ... | 2007 | 17294012 |
| autoantibody response to microsomal epoxide hydrolase in hepatitis c and a. | autoimmune responses were observed in a large proportion of hepatitis c cases and are suspected to be part of viral pathogenesis. the an6520 antigen (an-ag) is a normal cellular protein mainly expressed in liver that was found associated with non-a, non-b hepatitis. to elucidate its pathogenic role in hepatitis c, we developed an igm capture assay using purified an-ag and confirmed that the antibody response to an-ag is associated almost exclusively with hepatitis c cases (29%). screening of a h ... | 2007 | 17296285 |
| cocirculation of and coinfections with hepatitis a virus subgenotypes iiia and ib in patients from pune, western india. | aim: during the 1990s, a changing pattern of epidemiology of hepatitis a was reported in different populations of india. the present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) strains over a period of 10 years. methods: stool/serum samples were collected from hepatitis a patients clinically presenting acute viral hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed to detect hav-rna. hav genome ... | 2007 | 17300702 |
| allergic sensitization and microbial load--a comparison between finland and russian karelia. | epidemiological data have indicated that some infections are associated with a low risk of allergic diseases, thus supporting the idea (hygiene hypothesis) that the microbial load is an important environmental factor conferring protection against the development of allergies. we set out to test the hygiene hypothesis in a unique epidemiological setting in two socio-economically and culturally markedly different, although genetically related, populations living in geographically adjacent areas. t ... | 2007 | 17302731 |
| use of molecular epidemiology to confirm a multistate outbreak of hepatitis a caused by consumption of oysters. | the 39 oyster consumption-related cases of hepatitis a reported in 2005 represent the first large outbreak of hepatitis a associated with shellfish consumption in the united states in >15 years. this is the first outbreak investigation in which an identical hepatitis a virus sequence was obtained from both the implicated food product and case patients. | 2007 | 17304457 |
| predictors of immunity after hepatitis a vaccination in hiv-infected persons. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection remains a health risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. while the inactivated hav vaccine affords protection to immunocompetent persons >95% of the time, rates of developing protective antibody (anti-hav) in hiv+ persons are considerably lower. although low cd4+ t-cell counts have previously been reported to be correlated with this poor response, the effect of hiv viraemia on hav vaccine response has not previously been reported. the medic ... | 2007 | 17305885 |
| hepatitis a virus in environmental water samples from the amazon basin. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a significant waterborne human pathogen. of the global supply of potable water, brazil retains 13%, of which 75% resides in the amazon basin. although hepatitis a morbidity has declined progressively in brazil as a whole, it remains high in the amazon region. we used nested and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect and quantify the viral load in water samples from the amazon basin. most samples tested positive (92%), with viral lo ... | 2007 | 17306323 |
| impact of hepatitis a vaccination on health care utilization in the united states, 1996-2004. | since 1996, hepatitis a vaccine has been recommended for persons at risk for infection and children living in communities with the highest disease rates. in 1999, this recommendation was expanded to include all children in 17 states with high incidence compared to a national baseline period. reported hepatitis a incidence has decreased substantially since 1999; however, comprehensive data on changes in hospital and outpatient utilization have not been reported. | 2007 | 17306908 |
| twinrix vaccination schedules among injecting drug users. | twinrix is the only licensed vaccine that provides dual protection against infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). the standard vaccination schedule for twinrix is 0, 1 and 6 months. however, many high-risk populations, such as injecting drug users (idus), do not complete the vaccination series and, thus, do not acquire sufficient immunity against hav and hbv. twinrix can be administered using an accelerated vaccination schedule of 0, 7 and 21 days, with a booster rec ... | 2007 | 17309329 |
| shifting seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in japan, 1973-2003. | hepatitis a infection is caused by hepatitis a virus (hav) contracted through fecal-oral transmission. life-long immunity is conferred after infection. improved sanitary conditions have generally resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis a. however, a low incidence of infection results in increased hav susceptibility. the present study investigates the prevalence of anti-hav antibody and clarifies the current hav status and hav susceptibility in japan at 2003. | 2007 | 17310086 |
| molecular epidemiological studies show that hepatitis a virus is endemic among active homosexual men in europe. | large outbreaks of hepatitis a have occurred in denmark, germany, the netherlands, norway, spain, sweden, and the united kingdom during the period 1997-2005 affecting homosexual men. a collaborative study was undertaken between these countries to determine if the strains involved in these hepatitis a outbreaks were related genetically. the n-terminal region of vp1 and the vp1/p2a region of the strains were sequenced and compared. the majority of the strains found among homosexual men from the di ... | 2007 | 17311331 |
| interchangeability of a hepatitis a vaccine second dose: avaxim 80 following a first dose of vaqta 25 or havrix 720 in children in turkey. | this randomised, observer-blind clinical trial conducted in turkey evaluated the immunogenicity, safety and interchangeability of three paediatric inactivated hepatitis a vaccines in 424 seronegative children between 1 and 15 years of age. | 2007 | 17318620 |
| conversion of some 2(3h)-furanones bearing a pyrazolyl group into other heterocyclic systems with a study of their antiviral activity. | 3-(1,3-diphenylpyrazol-4-yl-methylene)-5-aryl-2(3h)-furanones 2 were prepared and converted into a variety of heterocyclic systems of synthetic and biological importance. benzylamine reacted with the furanones 2; the product was found to depend on the reaction conditions. thus, at room temperature the open-chain n-benzylamides 3 were obtained, whereas under refluxing conditions the 2(3h)-pyrrolones were obtained. hydrazine hydrate affected ring opening of the furanones to give the corresponding ... | 2007 | 17321008 |
| genetic variability and molecular evolution of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the causative agent of type a viral hepatitis, was first identified about three decades ago. recent findings have shown that hav possess several characteristics that make it unique among the family picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis. hav circulates in vivo as distributions of closely genetically related variants referred to as quasispecies. hav exploits all known mechanisms of genetic variation to en ... | 2007 | 17328982 |
| [a new case of acute transverse myelitis following hepatitis a virus infection]. | transverse myelitis is a rare manifestation of hepatitis a virus infection. we report the case of an eleven-year-old girl who presented a progressive flabby paraplegia with sphincter incontinence, superficial hypoesthesia, without deep involvement. medullar mri was suggestive of myelitis. despite the absence of jaundice and hepatic cytolysis, the serology yielded a high rate of anti-hepatitis a immunoglobulin m. neurological disorders disappeared within 15 days, after treating with a high dose o ... | 2007 | 17336018 |
| childhood epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in riyadh, saudi arabia. | the prevalence of anti-hav antibody in children was tested in subjects presenting at clinics in riyadh, saudi arabia. a blood sample was taken to test for the presence of igg (indicating past infection) and a questionnaire concerning personal and epidemiological data relating to hepatitis a was completed. in total, 592 children aged 6 months to 15 years were suitable for the analysis. there were 179 subjects who were positive for hav (30.2%). the proportions of subjects positive for hav varied s ... | 1998 | 17341909 |
| protecting contacts of hepatitis a: what's the difference between vaccine and human normal immunoglobulin? | the efficacy of vaccine when time since exposure is prolonged (more than 1 week from onset of illness in the index case) is unknown, but is likely to be significantly lower than human normal immunoglobulin (hnig). we estimated the number of additional secondary cases that may occur through giving vaccine instead of hnig to contacts of cases of hepatitis a who are identified more than 1 week after onset in the index case. this was calculated for different levels of vaccine efficacy, assuming hnig ... | 2008 | 17352837 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis--united states, 2005. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), or hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and, for hepatitis a, since 1995. | 2007 | 17363893 |
| major outbreak of hepatitis a associated with orange juice among tourists, egypt, 2004. | in 2004, a major outbreak of hepatitis a among tourists returning from egypt involved 351 case-patients from 9 european countries who were infected with a single strain (genotype 1 b). the case-control study identified orange juice as the most likely infection vehicle. vaccination against hepatitis a virus is strongly recommended before travel to disease-endemic areas. | 2007 | 17370535 |
| hepatitis a antibody prevalence among people with an intellectual disability in ireland. | this manuscript aims to determine the prevalence of antibody to and risk factors for hepatitis a virus (hav) in individuals attending three intellectual disability services through a cross-sectional survey held in dublin, ireland. participants were 636 individuals aged four to 78 years attending three intellectual disability services. the main outcome measure was the measurement of anti-hav (igg antibody) in oral fluid swabs using an antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) technique. risk fact ... | 2007 | 17370978 |
| full-length sequences of subgenotype iiia and iiib hepatitis a virus isolates: characterization of genotype iii hav genomes. | to elucidate the extent of genomic heterogeneity of human hepatitis a virus (hav) strains and to characterize genotype iii hav strains over the entire genome, the full-length sequence of three subgenotype iiia isolates (ha-jng04-90f, ha-jng08-92f, and haj95-8f) and one iiib isolate (haj85-1f) was determined. the ha-jng04-90f, ha-jng08-92f, and haj95-8f genomes which comprised 7463 or 7464 nt excluding the poly(a) tail, were closest to a reported nearly entire sequence of a iiia isolate (nor-21) ... | 2007 | 17376556 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus among saudi arabian children: a community-based study. | hav is endemic in saudi arabia, with about 90% of the adult population having positive anti-hav. a population-based survey of hepatitis b virus markers provided an opportunity to determine the age-related prevalence of anti-hav among saudi children and examine some of the factors that influence its transmission in the community. the overall prevalence of anti-hav is 52.4% of 4375 children tested. there was no significant difference in hav prevalence between males and females (51.3% vs 53.5%). th ... | 1997 | 17377430 |
| the role of hepatitis e virus infection among patients with acute viral hepatitis in southern saudi arabia. | we investigated the etiology of acute sporadic viral hepatitis in southern saudi arabia in a series of 132 patients admitted with acute viral hepatitis. of these cases, 108 (81.8%) were due to acute hepatitis a virus infection, of which 11 (8.3%) patients had been previously exposed to hepatitis e virus, and another 10 (7.6%) were chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus. three cases (2.3%) were acute hepatitis b virus infection. the overall prevalence of hepatitis e igg antibodies was found to be ... | 1997 | 17377461 |
| acute hepatitis a virus infection and meningoencephalitis. | | 1997 | 17377470 |
| [changes in the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in korea]. | | 2007 | 17380068 |
| [the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in korea]. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a is associated with socioeconomic and hygiene status. recently, the prevalence of hepatitis a in young adults has been steadily increasing in korea. this study is to investigate the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in korea. | 2007 | 17380072 |
| different transmission patterns of hepatitis a virus for two main risk groups as evidenced by molecular cluster analysis. | men who have sex with men and traveling children are the most important risk groups for transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) in amsterdam, the netherlands. between these two risk groups, different hav genotypes are found. in this study the patterns of introduction and transmission of hav were investigated in the two groups. hav sequences from amsterdam patients were divided according to risk: (i) travelers and their contacts, (ii) homosexual men and their contacts. the sequences in each risk ... | 2007 | 17385681 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in a group of portuguese citizens living in lisbon area. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most important cause of acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. in portugal, due to improvements in sanitation epidemic outbreaks of hav infection have become less frequent. this report is the first, to our knowledge that characterized hav in portugal. for the detection and molecular characterization of hav cases in a group of portuguese individuals in the lisbon area, 31 serum samples were tested: 8 from symptomatic children from an acute hepatitis a outbreak in a r ... | 2007 | 17387747 |
| genetic analysis of hav strains in tunisia reveals two new antigenic variants. | to evaluate the genetic variability of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates in tunisia, serum samples were collected from 99 patients in different tunisian areas in 2003 containing 92 cases with acute hepatitis, five with severe acute hepatitis and two with fulminant hepatitis. the entire vp1 gene was amplified and sequenced. sequences were then aligned and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. additionally, the amino acid (aa) sequence of the vp1 was determined. the analysis of tunisian hav isolat ... | 2007 | 17393293 |
| acute hepatitis with severe cholestasis and prolonged clinical course due to hepatitis a virus ia and ib coinfection. | acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis a virus is a self-limited illness that infrequently has a severe clinical course. | 2007 | 17407028 |
| [expression of the p1b, p2a, p3ab and p3d protein of hepatitis a virus in prokaryotic cell and antigenicity analysis]. | to express p1b, p2a, p3ab and p3d cdna gene fragments in prokaryotic system using thioredoxin fusion expression system; to investigate the antigenicity and application of recombinant protein. | 2007 | 17429535 |
| optimization of the virus concentration method using polyethyleneimine-conjugated magnetic beads and its application to the detection of human hepatitis a, b and c viruses. | to enhance the sensitivity of virus detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr), a novel virus concentration method using polyethyleneimine (pei)-conjugated magnetic beads was developed in our previous study. however, several viruses could not be concentrated by this method. in this paper, the conditions of virus concentration were optimized to concentrate a wide range of viruses more efficiently. the pei beads adsorbed viruses more efficiently than other ... | 2007 | 17433454 |
| disruption of innate immunity due to mitochondrial targeting of a picornaviral protease precursor. | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) is an essential component of virus-activated signaling pathways that induce protective ifn responses. its localization to the outer mitochondrial membrane suggests an important yet unexplained role for mitochondria in innate immunity. here, we show that hepatitis a virus (hav), a hepatotropic picornavirus, ablates type 1 ifn responses by targeting the 3abc precursor of its 3c(pro) cysteine protease to mitochondria where it colocalizes with and cle ... | 2007 | 17438296 |
| hepatitis associated with aplastic anemia: do cd8(+) kupffer cells have a role in the pathogenesis? | | 2007 | 17443406 |
| use of sensitivity analysis to assess the effects on anti-hepatitis a virus antibodies of access to household water supply. | the objective of this study was to assess the impact of a possible unmeasured confounding variable in a previously published association between the effects of household water supply and positive results for hepatitis a serology. this was estimated using a path of integration between two methods of sensitivity analysis, called rosenbaum's method and greenland's external adjustment. the association between household water supply and positive results for hepatitis a (outcome) serology was insensit ... | 2008 | 17445315 |
| emerging need for vaccination against hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic liver disease in korea. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended for patients with chronic liver disease (cld), but this has been deemed unnecessary in korea since the immunity against hav was almost universal in adults. however, this practice has never been reevaluated with respect to the changing incidence of adult acute hepatitis a. we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 278 patients with acute hepatitis a diagnosed from january 1995 to november 2005 and prospectively tested 419 consecu ... | 2007 | 17449927 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a in st. petersburg, russia, 1997-2003. | the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) strains circulating in the st. petersburg and karelia regions was studied during 1997-2003. hepatitis a virus rna was isolated from both clinical samples (stools or sera) and environmental samples (sewage water). rt-pcr was carried out using different primer pairs from the vp1/2a and vp1 genomic regions, the variable parts of the hav genome. pcr products were sequenced and 306 nucleotides from the vp1/2a and 332 nucleotides from the vp1 regio ... | 2007 | 17457910 |
| inverse association between t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 and t-bet in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. | it has been suggested that human hepatitis a virus cellular receptor, also known as t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1 (tim-1), plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases on the basis of epidemiologic data, but the molecular mechanism has been unclear. in a murine model of ovalbumin (ova)-sensitized allergic rhinitis (ar), we examined the expression of tim-1 and its correlation with t helper1-associated transcription factor, t-bet, as a potential mediator of t-cell imm ... | 2007 | 17460580 |
| helicobacter pylori, hepatitis viruses a, c, e, antibodies and hbsag - prevalence and associated risk factors in pediatric communities of karachi. | objective: to document the prevalence of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies and hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), in the pediatric age group of low socioeconomic urban communities of karachi and to identify risk factors associated with these infections. design: cross-sectional survey. place and duration of study: three selected squatter settlements of karachi during april 2002 to december 2004. patients a ... | 2007 | 17462174 |
| hepatitis a vaccine associated with autoimmune hepatitis. | to describe a case of probable relapsing autoimmune hepatitis associated with vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav). a case report and review of literature were written concerning autoimmune hepatitis in association with hepatitis a and other hepatotropic viruses. soon after the administration of formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, a man who had recently recovered from an uncharacterized but self-limiting hepatitic illness, experienced a severe deterioration (ast 1687 u/l, inr 1.4). ... | 2007 | 17465509 |
| detection and quantification by real-time rt-pcr of hepatitis a virus from inoculated tap waters, salad vegetables, and soft fruits: characterization of the method performances. | water, salad vegetables and fruits exposed to fecal contamination may cause outbreaks of hepatitis a. a protocol of viral concentration by filtration on electronegative membrane filter and a protocol based on a viral elution in tris-glycine buffer, ph 9.5 with concentration by polyethylene glycol precipitation were associated with real-time, reverse transcriptase-pcr to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) artificially inoculated in 2 l of tap water, or on 25 g of fruits or salad vegetables. these met ... | 2007 | 17490771 |
| outbreak of hepatitis a virus infection caused by food served in a restaurant. | | 2007 | 17515658 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from argentina. | hepatitis a, a vaccine preventable disease, is now of transitional or intermediate endemicity in argentina, as the epidemiologic pattern of the disease has shifted with improvements in living conditions in some parts of the country. increase in the susceptibility of older children and adults has led to increasing disease incidence. molecular epidemiology has played an important role in the understanding of hav infection by identifying modes of spreading and by permitting the monitoring of change ... | 2007 | 17516519 |
| fibrin ring granuloma in chronic hepatitis c: virus-related vasculitis and/or immune complex disease? | fibrin ring granulomas are rare lesions whose pathophysiology has remained somewhat elusive. it has been suggested that these peculiar lesions are related to focal vasculitis with endothelial injury and deposition of immune complexes. fibrin ring granulomas have been described in q fever; in viral infections such as cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and hepatitis a virus; and in other conditions. we submit the first reported case of fibrin ring granuloma in a patient with chronic hepatitis c ... | 2007 | 17520520 |
| codon usage and replicative strategies of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the prototype of genus hepatovirus, has many biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of the picornaviridae family. among these it is worth of note the need for an intact eif4g factor for the initiation of translation and thus the inability to shut down host protein synthesis by a similar mechanism as in other picornaviruses. consequently, hav must inefficiently compete for the cellular translational machinery and this may explain its poor growth ... | 2007 | 17524513 |
| [hepatitis a outbreak in transdanubia (hungary): molecular connections and epidemiological conclusions - 2006]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most important cause of fecally transmitted acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. in hungary, beside the sporadic hav infections, outbreaks also occur, particularly in northeast part of the country where the subgenotype ia is endemic. the reported number of hav cases was less than 10 per year in southwest hungary. | 2007 | 17526446 |
| enteric virus survival during household laundering and impact of disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. | this study was conducted to determine whether enteric viruses (adenovirus, rotavirus, and hepatitis a virus) added to cotton cloth swatches survive the wash cycle, the rinse cycle, and a 28-min permanent press drying cycle as commonly practiced in households in the united states. detergent with and without bleach (sodium hypochlorite) was added to washing machines containing sterile and virus-inoculated 58-cm2 swatches, 3.2 kg of cotton t-shirts and underwear, and a soiled pillowcase designed to ... | 2007 | 17526793 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in voluntary blood donors from pune, western india (2002 and 2004-2005). | recently, a changing pattern of hepatitis a epidemiology has been reported in the indian population indicating a rise in the rate of hepatitis a infection among adults. the study's objective was to assess anti-hav prevalence in voluntary blood donors from middle and high socioeconomic strata. serum samples collected from voluntary blood donors from pune city and its suburbs in the years 2002 and 2004-2005 were tested for anti-hav igg antibodies. serum samples collected during 2004-2005 were exam ... | 2008 | 17553176 |
| improved crystallization of the coxsackievirus b3 rna-dependent rna polymerase. | the picornaviridae virus family contains a large number of human pathogens such as poliovirus, hepatitis a virus and rhinoviruses. amongst the viruses belonging to the genus enterovirus, several serotypes of coxsackievirus coexist for which neither vaccine nor therapy is available. coxsackievirus b3 is involved in the development of acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy and is thought to be an important cause of sudden death in young adults. here, the first crystal of a coxsackievirus rna ... | 2007 | 17554171 |
| vaccination of newborns against hepatitis a in the presence of maternally derived antibodies. | infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) is a significant cause of childhood disease but effective vaccines are available. naturally acquired anti-hav antibodies ensure transfer of protective immunity which persists for up to 6 months in the newborn. such maternal anti-hav antibodies are able to inhibit the antibody responses in infants vaccinated with inactivated hepatitis a vaccines, although no clinically significant consequences of this are observed. by increasing the number of doses, for exampl ... | 2007 | 17555761 |
| conversion of 3-arylazo-5-phenyl-2(3h)-furanones into other heterocycles of anticipated biological activity. | 3-arylazo-5-phenyl-2(3h)-furanones 3 were prepared and converted into a variety of heterocyclic systems of synthetic and biological importance. hydrazine hydrate reacted with furanones as nucleophiles and gave the corresponding acid hydrazides 4. the latter products were used as starting materials for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 6, 9, and the 1,2,4-triazoles 8. evaluation of the antiviral activity of selected compounds obtained was performed using two viruses: hav and hsv-1. some of the t ... | 2007 | 17562565 |
| hepatitis a vaccination in chronic liver disease: is it really required in a tropical country like india? | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) has been recommended in patients with chronic liver disease to prevent any decompensation due to superinfection. this may not hold good in high endemic areas for hepatitis a like india. the aim of this study was to find out the seroprevalence of anti-hav antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease and to justify the need for vaccination against hepatitis a virus in these patients. one hundred and thirty three consecutive patients with cirrhosis o ... | 2007 | 17582184 |
| [a case of acute hepatitis a complicated by guillain-barré syndrome]. | we report here a case of acute hepatitis a, which was complicated by guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). a 32-year old male admitted to our hospital with the symptoms of acute hepatitis and was diagnosed to have acute hepatitis a with positive igm anti hepatitis a virus antibody. on 9th day after the onset of jaundice, acute progressive, ascending, symmetric motor paralysis were developed and eventually respiratory failure ensued. cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albumino-cytologic dissociation an ... | 2007 | 17585196 |
| the effect of infectious burden on the prevalence of atopy and respiratory allergies in iceland, estonia, and sweden. | epidemiologic reports on the effect of microbe exposure on the development of atopy and allergic asthma are inconsistent. | 2007 | 17586034 |
| attachment of enteric viruses to bottles. | storage of water that was deliberately contaminated with enteric viruses in polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles led to a rapid decrease of the apparent viral load, thereby hampering the development of samples for a collaborative evaluation of viral detection methods for bottled water. to determine if this decrease was due to spontaneous inactivation or to adhesion, an elution protocol was developed and combined with a rapid and sensitive real-time reverse transcription-pcr-based method to q ... | 2007 | 17586668 |
| genetic analysis of hepatitis a virus protein 2c in sera from patients with fulminant and self-limited hepatitis a. | to examine whether genetic differences in hepatitis a virus (hav) are responsible for the range of clinical severities, we analyzed the hav 2c genome, whose mutations have previously been shown to be important for enhanced replication in cell culture systems and to be related to virulence in simians. | 2007 | 17591082 |
| hepatitis a virus detection in food: current and future prospects. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is responsible for around half of the total number of hepatitis infections diagnosed worldwide. hav infection is mainly propagated via the faecal-oral route and as a consequence of globalisation, transnational outbreaks of foodborne infections are reported with increasing frequency. molecular procedures are now available and should be employed for the direct surveillance of hav in food and environmental samples. | 2007 | 17594452 |
| incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infections among young korean soldiers. | this study was performed to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections in young soldiers in the republic of korea army. from january 2000 through december 2004, a total of 147 hepatitis a cases were reported to the armed forces medical command. the annual incidence rates were 7.4 per 100,000 persons in 2000, 1.6 in 2001, 4.4 in 2002, 9.8 in 2003, and 6.2 in 2004, based on the reported cases among approximately 500,000 soldiers. all patients were males with a ... | 2007 | 17596668 |
| does mutation of hepatitis a virus exist in north india? | human hepatitis a, a widespread infectious disease that is hyperendemic in vast areas of the world, results in the infection of the liver. different human hav strains of diverse geographic origin are remarkably closely related. hav exploits all known mechanisms of genetic variation to ensure survival, including mutation and genetic recombination. | 2008 | 17597409 |
| [infectious diseases in problem drug users hospitalized in the infectious ward of the motol university hospital in 2002-2005]. | to survey infectious diseases in intravenous drug users and to provide basic information on disease course in this subpopulation. | 2007 | 17599296 |
| the shifting epidemiology of hepatitis a following routine childhood immunization program in israel. | in 1999 israel became the first country to introduce immunization against hepatitis a to its national childhood vaccination program. the study objectives were to assess the uptake of hepatitis a vaccine following the new policy and to examine the incidence of hepatitis a and the number of prevented cases. | 2007 | 17599401 |
| resistance of surface-dried virus to common disinfection procedures. | it is believed that surface-dried viruses can remain infectious and may therefore pose a threat to public health. to help address this issue, we studied 0.1 n naoh and 0.1% hypochlorite for their capacity to inactivate surface-dried lipid-enveloped (le) [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and pseudorabies virus (prv)] and non-lipid-enveloped [nle; canine parvovirus (cpv) and hepatitis a virus (hav)] viruses in a background of either plasma or culture medium. ... | 2007 | 17601636 |
| rapid and real-time detection of hepatitis a virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | a one-step, single tube, real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for detecting sequences of the untranslated region in the genome of hepatitis a virus (hav). the rt-lamp assay reported in this study was very simple and rapid; the hav-specific amplification was obtained in 50 min under isothermal conditions at 62.5 degrees c by employing a set of seven primers. the rnas of three cell-adapted hav strains belonging to different subgenotyp ... | 2007 | 17604128 |
| declining hepatitis a seroprevalence in adults in catalonia (spain): a population-based study. | one of the main uses of seroprevalence studies it to evaluate vaccination programmes. in 1998, a programme of universal vaccination of preadolescents in schools with the hepatitis a vaccine was begun in catalonia. the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis a virus infection (hav) in a sample of the adult population of catalonia in 2002 and to evaluate the changes with respect to a survey carried out in 1996. | 2007 | 17610736 |
| [hav infection in patients with chronic hepatitis c]. | in most cases, hepatitis a virus (hav) infection causes a self-limiting benign acute hepatitis which confers permanent acquired immunity. however, in patients with pre-existing chronic hepatitis, hav superinfection can cause acute hepatitis with severe progression leading to a fulminant form or linked to the risk of a rapid deterioration of hepatic function. for such a reason, some authors recommend anti-hav vaccination for subjects with hcv-correlated chronic hepatitis before the initiation of ... | 2007 | 17612281 |
| final report on the safety assessment of glycyrrhetinic acid, potassium glycyrrhetinate, disodium succinoyl glycyrrhetinate, glyceryl glycyrrhetinate, glycyrrhetinyl stearate, stearyl glycyrrhetinate, glycyrrhizic acid, ammonium glycyrrhizate, dipotassium glycyrrhizate, disodium glycyrrhizate, trisodium glycyrrhizate, methyl glycyrrhizate, and potassium glycyrrhizinate. | glycyrrhetinic acid and its salts and esters and glycyrrhizic acid and its salts and esters are cosmetic ingredients that function as flavoring agents or skin-conditioning agents - miscellaneous or both. these chemicals may be isolated from licorice plants. glycyrrhetinc acid is described as at least 98% pure, with 0.6% 24-oh-glycyrrhetinic acid, not more than 20 mu g/g of heavy metals and not more than 2 mu g/g of arsenic. ammonium glycyrrhizate has been found to be at least 98% pure and dipota ... | 2007 | 17613133 |
| epidemiology of travel-associated and autochthonous hepatitis a in austrian children, 1998 to 2005. | in austria, being an area of low hepatitis a endemicity, every year, several cases of this infectious disease are reported. the aim of the present study was to provide data on disease and hospitalization of children below the age of 15 for imported and autochthonous hepatitis a in austria. | 2007 | 17617847 |
| hepatitis a vaccination coverage among children aged 24-35 months--united states, 2004-2005. | after the licensure of hepatitis a vaccine in 1995 for children aged > or =24 months, the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) incrementally expanded the proportion of children for whom it recommended the vaccine. in 1996, acip recommended vaccinating children in communities that had high rates of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, including american indian/alaska native (ai/an) communities and selected hispanic and religious communities. in 1999, acip extended the recommendation ... | 2007 | 17625495 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus among the kuikuro and kaiabi indians of xingu national park, brazil. | a seroprevalence study to detect total antibodies against hepatitis a virus was done with 220 samples from 589 native indians from xingu national park, brazil, in five kaiabi and kuikuro villages, the most populous ethnic groups. using a commercial immunoassay kit we detected 97.7% positive samples (95% confidence interval: 95%-99%). we noticed a precocious seroconversion, before the age of six years, when the disease is usually asymptomatic. these results are similar to those found in the liter ... | 2007 | 17625692 |
| serological evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in an indigenous north american population. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are thought to be uncommon in north america. recently, hev transmission has been reported following the consumption of deer meat. because deer are closely related to caribou and caribou meat is a staple of the canadian inuit and the american eskimo diet, the present study explored the seroprevalence of hev infection in an isolated canadian inuit community. | 2007 | 17637946 |
| immunogenic epitopes on the surface of the hepatitis a virus capsid: impact of secondary structure and/or isoelectric point on chimeric virus assembly. | hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 2a has the capacity to harbor and expose a short foreign epitope. the chimeric virus, hav-gp41, bearing seven amino acids of the 2f5 epitope of the hiv glycoprotein gp41, was shown to replicate in cell culture and laboratory animals and to induce a humoral immune response. as an extension of this work, we now investigated the possibility to insert longer epitopes, their impact on genetic stability, and the production of chimeric hav. twenty-seven amino acid residu ... | 2007 | 17640757 |
| prevalence and severity of acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy: a prospective study from north india. | the present study aimed to find out the prevalence and severity of acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy in north india. the study was conducted on 97 consecutive pregnant patients in third trimester with acute viral hepatitis (avh) or fulminant hepatic failure (fhf). the patients were evaluated on the basis of history, examination, liver function profile and serological markers for hepatitis a,b,c and e viruses. hepatitis e virus (hev) was the causative agent in 47.4% o ... | 2003 | 17643015 |
| the underestimated risk of hepatitis a and hepatitis b: benefits of an accelerated vaccination schedule. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are vaccine-preventable. current recommendations advocate vaccination of non-immune adults at risk of exposure, including travelers to hav or hbv endemic areas, individuals with high risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection, and some correctional facility inmates. we review the use of an accelerated schedule to administer the combination hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine (twinrix). administering three doses over three weeks and a ... | 2008 | 17643334 |
| impaired function of cd4+/cd25+ t regulatory lymphocytes characterizes the self-limited hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) causes a transient illness leaving permanent protection against reinfection. few data are available on the regulatory mechanisms involved in the cd4+ t helper activation. we aimed to investigate the frequency and function of cd3+/cd4+/cd25+ t cells with regulatory function (tregs) during acute hav infection. | 2008 | 17645467 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis a virus in urban sewage in rio de janeiro, brazil. | a one-year survey was conducted to examine hepatitis a virus (hav) prevalence, distribution of genotypes and their relationship to bacterial indicators in raw and treated sewage samples. | 2007 | 17651213 |
| analysis of hepatitis a virus protein 2b in sera of hepatitis a of various severities. | in our recent study of the full-length hepatitis a virus (hav) genome from some patients with fulminant hepatitis and acute hepatitis, possible associations were suggested between the severity of hepatitis a and the amino acid substitutions in the nonstructural protein 2b. we therefore analyzed hav 2b from many patients with various clinical disease severities. | 2007 | 17653652 |
| molecular genetic analysis of two loci (ity2 and ity3) involved in the host response to infection with salmonella typhimurium using congenic mice and expression profiling. | numerous genes have been identified to date that contribute to the host response to systemic salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. we have previously identified two loci, ity2 and ity3, that control survival to salmonella infection in the wild-derived inbred molf/ei mouse using a (c57bl/6j x molf/ei)f(2)cross. we validated the existence of these two loci by creating congenic mice carrying each quantitative trait locus (qtl) in isolation. subcongenic mice generated for each locus allowed us t ... | 2007 | 17660555 |
| hepatitis a virus in surface water in south africa: what are the risks? | the aim of this study was to assess the potential risk of infection constituted by hav to persons using surface dam and river water for domestic and recreational purposes. it estimates the potential risk using a deterministic exponential risk assessment model with mean values and conservative assumptions. hepatitis a virus was detected in 17.5% of river and 14.9% of dam water samples tested. the number of indicator organisms in these sources exceeded drinking and recreational water quality guide ... | 2007 | 17674572 |
| hepatitis a, b, c, d, e, g: an update. | acute and chronic liver diseases are an assortment of disorders brought to the clinician's attention by abnormal liver function tests or specific signs and symptoms. the differential diagnosis includes disorders that have primary or secondary liver involvement. this paper will be limited to the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the different viral liver diseases: a, b, c, d, e and g. | 2007 | 17684813 |
| outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. part 1. description of the problem, methods, and agents involved. | food workers in many settings have been responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks for decades, and there is no indication that this is diminishing. the committee on control of foodborne illnesses of the international association for food protection was tasked with collecting and evaluating any data on worker-associated outbreaks. a total of 816 reports with 80,682 cases were collected from events that occurred from 1927 until the first quarter of 2006. most of the outbreaks reviewed were from ... | 2007 | 17685355 |
| rising hepatitis a immunity in u.s. military recruits. | the u.s. military immunizes new recruits against hepatitis a. since 2001, immunization with the hepatitis a vaccine has been recommended for civilian adolescents in higher risk areas. recently, the armed forces epidemiological board recommended serologic screening where feasible to reduce redundant recruit immunizations. | 2007 | 17691697 |
| prevalence of viral and mycobacterial co-infections in perinatally hiv-infected children. | the progression of hiv disease may be affected by co-infection with other viruses. this study investigates the prevalence of epstein-barr virus (ebv); cytomegalovirus (cmv); herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2; hepatitis a, b, and c (ha, hb, hc); and tuberculosis in perinatally hiv-infected children. electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (eia) against ebv, cmv, hsv 1 and 2, hav hbv hcv, and skin testing with purified protein derivative was performed on 45 perinatally hiv-infected children. c ... | 2006 | 17696043 |
| concomitant administration of a virosome-adjuvanted hepatitis a vaccine with routine childhood vaccines at age twelve to fifteen months: a randomized controlled trial. | the objectives of this trial were to test for noninferiority of a virosomal hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine (epaxal) coadministered with routine childhood vaccines compared with epaxal given alone and to an alum-adjuvanted hav vaccine (havrix junior) coadministered with routine childhood vaccines. | 2007 | 17721372 |
| poly(a) binding protein, c-terminally truncated by the hepatitis a virus proteinase 3c, inhibits viral translation. | proteolytic cleavage of translation initiation factors is a means to interfere with mrna circularization and to induce translation arrest during picornaviral replication or apoptosis. it was shown that the regulated cleavages of eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4g and poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) by viral proteinases correlated with early and late arrest of host cap-dependent and viral internal ribosome entry site (ires)-dependent translation, respectively. here we show that in contrast to c ... | 2007 | 17726047 |
| molecular evolution of hepatitis a virus in a human diploid cell line. | to investigate the hotspots, direction, and the time course of evolution of hepatitis a virus in the process of consecutive cell culture passage in human kmb17 diploid cells. | 2007 | 17729420 |