| avoiding toxic levels of essential minerals: a forgotten factor in deer diet preferences. | ungulates select diets with high energy, protein, and sodium contents. however, it is scarcely known the influence of essential minerals other than na in diet preferences. moreover, almost no information is available about the possible influence of toxic levels of essential minerals on avoidance of certain plant species. the aim of this research was to test the relative importance of mineral content of plants in diet selection by red deer (cervus elaphus) in an annual basis. we determined minera ... | 2015 | 25615596 |
| unmanned aircraft systems for studying spatial abundance of ungulates: relevance to spatial epidemiology. | complex ecological and epidemiological systems require multidisciplinary and innovative research. low cost unmanned aircraft systems (uas) can provide information on the spatial pattern of hosts' distribution and abundance, which is crucial as regards modelling the determinants of disease transmission and persistence on a fine spatial scale. in this context we have studied the spatial epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) in the ungulate community of doñana national park (south-western spain) by mod ... | 2014 | 25551673 |
| modeling wood encroachment in abandoned grasslands in the eifel national park - model description and testing. | the degradation of natural and semi-natural landscapes has become a matter of global concern. in germany, semi-natural grasslands belong to the most species-rich habitat types but have suffered heavily from changes in land use. after abandonment, the course of succession at a specific site is often difficult to predict because many processes interact. in order to support decision making when managing semi-natural grasslands in the eifel national park, we built the woods-model (woodland successio ... | 2014 | 25494057 |
| gps based daily activity patterns in european red deer and north american elk (cervus elaphus): indication for a weak circadian clock in ungulates. | long-term tracking using global positioning systems (gps) is widely used to study vertebrate movement ecology, including fine-scale habitat selection as well as large-scale migrations. these data have the potential to provide much more information about the behavior and ecology of wild vertebrates: here we explore the potential of using gps datasets to assess timing of activity in a chronobiological context. we compared two different populations of deer (cervus elaphus), one in the netherlands ( ... | 2014 | 25208246 |
| carriage of staphylococcus aureus by free-living wild animals in spain. | the presence of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) was analyzed in different free-living wild animals to assess the genetic diversity and predominant genotypes on each animal species. samples were taken from the skin and/or nares, and isolates were characterized by spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. the proportion of mssa carriers were 5.00, 22.93, 19.78, and 17.67% in eurasian griffon vulture, iberian ibex, red deer, and wil ... | 2014 | 24907325 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis potentially reveals the existence of two groups of anaplasma phagocytophilum circulating in cattle in france with different wild reservoirs. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever, a disease with high economic impact for domestic ruminants in europe. epidemiological cycles of this species are complex, and involve different ecotypes circulating in various host species. to date, these epidemiological cycles are poorly understood, especially in europe, as european reservoir hosts (i.e. vertebrate hosts enabling long-term maintenance of the bacterium in the ecosystem), of the bacterium have not yet been clea ... | 2016 | 27876073 |
| markers for ongoing or previous hepatitis e virus infection are as common in wild ungulates as in humans in sweden. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. about 17% of the swedish population is immune to hev, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. however, clinical hepatitis e may also be overlooked. for identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. in order to identify whether hev may be spread from wild game, the prevalence of markers for past and/or ongoing infection was invest ... | 2016 | 27657108 |
| prevalence of liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) in wild red deer (cervus elaphus): coproantigen elisa is a practicable alternative to faecal egg counting for surveillance in remote populations. | red deer (cervus elaphus) are hosts of liver fluke (fasciola hepatica); yet, prevalence is rarely quantified in wild populations. testing fresh samples from remote regions by faecal examination (fe) can be logistically challenging; hence, we appraise frozen storage and the use of a coproantigen elisa (celisa) for f. hepatica surveillance. we also present celisa surveillance data for red deer from the highlands of scotland. diagnoses in faecal samples (207 frozen, 146 fresh) were compared using a ... | 2016 | 27598003 |
| effects of repeated comparative intradermal tuberculin testing on test results: a longitudinal study in tb-free red deer. | diagnosing tuberculosis (tb) in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) is challenging and might require combining cellular and humoral diagnostic tests. repeated skin-testing with mycobacterial purified protein derivatives (ppds) might sensitize or desensitize the subjects to both kinds of diagnostic tools. we evaluated the effect of repeated (every 6 months) comparative tuberculin skin testing on skin test and elisa responsiveness in farmed red deer hinds from a tb-free herd. eighteen 8-month old hin ... | 2016 | 27596591 |
| surveillance of bovine tuberculosis and risk estimation of a future reservoir formation in wildlife in switzerland and liechtenstein. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) caused by mycobacterium bovis or m. caprae has recently (re-) emerged in livestock and wildlife in all countries bordering switzerland (ch) and the principality of liechtenstein (fl). comprehensive data for swiss and liechtenstein wildlife are not available so far, although two native species, wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus), act as btb reservoirs elsewhere in continental europe. our aims were (1) to assess the occurrence of btb in these wil ... | 2013 | 23349839 |
| sequence analysis of bitter taste receptor gene repertoires in different ruminant species. | bitter taste has been extensively studied in mammalian species and is associated with sensitivity to toxins and with food choices that avoid dangerous substances in the diet. at the molecular level, bitter compounds are sensed by bitter taste receptor proteins (t2r) present at the surface of taste receptor cells in the gustatory papillae. our work aims at exploring the phylogenetic relationships of t2r gene sequences within different ruminant species. to accomplish this goal, we gathered a colle ... | 2015 | 26061084 |
| temporal dynamics of seed excretion by wild ungulates: implications for plant dispersal. | dispersal is a key process in metapopulation dynamics as it conditions species' spatial responses to gradients of abiotic and biotic conditions and triggers individual and gene flows. in the numerous plants that are dispersed through seed consumption by herbivores (endozoochory), the distance and effectiveness of dispersal is determined by the combined effects of seed retention time in the vector's digestive system, the spatial extent of its movements, and the ability of the seeds to germinate o ... | 2015 | 26257875 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of rhodococcus equi in wild boars (sus scrofa), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in poland. | rhodococcus equi is now considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen. sources and routes of human infection remain unclear but foodborne transmission seems to be the most probable way. strains of pig or bovine type are most often isolated from human cases and moreover r. equi is present in submaxillary lymph nodes of apparently healthy pigs and wild boars intended for human consumption. the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of r. equi in submaxillary lymph nodes in wild boars, roe dee ... | 2015 | 25997952 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in wild boars, red deer and roe deer in poland. | little is known about the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in wild life, particularly game animals in poland. meat juice collected during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 hunting seasons from 552 red deer (cervus elaphus), 367 wild boars (sus scrofa) and 92 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) was tested for t. gondii antibodies using the multi-species id screen toxoplasmosis indirect kit (idvet, montpellier, france). antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 24.1% of red deer (95% ci: 20.7%, 27.8%), 37.6% o ... | 2015 | 25993468 |
| what cues do ungulates use to assess predation risk in dense temperate forests? | anti-predator responses by ungulates can be based on habitat features or on the near-imminent threat of predators. in dense forest, cues that ungulates use to assess predation risk likely differ from half-open landscapes, as scent relative to sight is predicted to be more important. we studied, in the białowieża primeval forest (poland), whether perceived predation risk in red deer (cervus elaphus) and wild boar (sus scrofa) is related to habitat visibility or olfactory cues of a predator. we us ... | 2014 | 24404177 |
| environmental factors shaping ungulate abundances in poland. | population densities of large herbivores are determined by the diverse effects of density-dependent and independent environmental factors. in this study, we used the official 1998-2003 inventory data on ungulate numbers from 462 forest districts and 23 national parks across poland to determine the roles of various environmental factors in shaping country-wide spatial patterns of ungulate abundances. spatially explicit generalized additive mixed models showed that different sets of environmental ... | 2013 | 24244044 |
| evidence of shared bovine viral diarrhea infections between red deer and extensively raised cattle in south-central spain. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (sus scrofa). it is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. little is known about the sharing of bvdv infection between wild and domestic animals in the same habitat, which is importa ... | 2016 | 26767363 |
| long-term dynamics of coxiella burnetii in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | several aspects of the dynamics of coxiella burnetii that are relevant for the implementation of control strategies in ruminant herds with endemic q fever are unknown. we designed a longitudinal study to monitor the dynamics of exposure to c. burnetii in a red deer herd with endemic infection in order to allow the design of q fever-specific control approaches. other relevant aspects of the dynamics of c. burnetii - the effect of herd immune status, age, season, and early infection on exposure, t ... | 2015 | 26697437 |
| patterns of mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex excretion and characterization of super-shedders in naturally-infected wild boar and red deer. | wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) are the main maintenance hosts for bovine tuberculosis (btb) in continental europe. understanding mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) excretion routes is crucial to define strategies to control btb in free-ranging populations, nevertheless available information is scarce. aiming at filling this gap, four different mtc excretion routes (oronasal, bronchial-alveolar, fecal and urinary) were investigated by molecular methods in naturally inf ... | 2015 | 26518244 |
| sensitivity of bovine tuberculosis surveillance in wildlife in france: a scenario tree approach. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a common disease in cattle and wildlife, with an impact on animal and human health, and economic implications. infected wild animals have been detected in some european countries, and btb reservoirs in wildlife have been identified, potentially hindering the eradication of btb from cattle populations. however, the surveillance of btb in wildlife involves several practical difficulties and is not currently covered by eu legislation. we report here the first assessment ... | 2015 | 26517372 |
| patterns of lynx predation at the interface between protected areas and multi-use landscapes in central europe. | in central europe, protected areas are too small to ensure survival of populations of large carnivores. in the surrounding areas, these species are often persecuted due to competition with game hunters. therefore, understanding how predation intensity varies spatio-temporally across areas with different levels of protection is fundamental. we investigated the predation patterns of eurasian lynx (lynx lynx) on roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in both protected areas an ... | 2015 | 26379142 |
| challenges in identifying and determining the impacts of infection with pestiviruses on the herd health of free ranging cervid populations. | although most commonly associated with the infection of domestic livestock, the replication of pestiviruses, in particular the two species of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), occurs in a wide range of free ranging cervids including white-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk, red deer, roe deer, eland and mousedeer. while virus isolation and serologic analyses indicate that pestiviruses are circulating in these populations, little is known regarding their impact. the lack of regular survei ... | 2016 | 27379051 |
| wildlife interactions on baited places and waterholes in a french area infected by bovine tuberculosis. | interactions among wildlife species are major drivers for the transmission of multi-host pathogens, such as mycobacterium bovis, which also affect livestock. although france is officially free from bovine tuberculosis (btb), some areas are still harboring infection in cattle and wildlife. we aimed at characterizing the visits of susceptible wild species (badger, red deer, and wild boar) at baited places and waterholes, considered as possible hotspots for contacts. we described the visits in term ... | 2017 | 28138439 |
| susceptibility of european red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. | european red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) are susceptible to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, when challenged intracerebrally but their susceptibility to alimentary challenge, the presumed natural route of transmission, is unknown. to determine this, eighteen deer were challenged via stomach tube with a large dose of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent and clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, presence and dist ... | 2015 | 25615837 |
| post-entry blockade of small ruminant lentiviruses by wild ruminants. | small ruminant lentivirus (srlv) infection causes losses in the small ruminant industry due to reduced animal production and increased replacement rates. infection of wild ruminants in close contact with infected domestic animals has been proposed to play a role in srlv epidemiology, but studies are limited and mostly involve hybrids between wild and domestic animals. in this study, srlv seropositive red deer, roe deer and mouflon were detected through modified elisa tests, but virus was not suc ... | 2016 | 26738942 |
| serological survey of coxiella burnetii at the wildlife-livestock interface in the eastern pyrenees, spain. | coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic bacterium that infects a wide range of animal species and causes the disease q fever. both wild and domestic ruminants may be relevant in the epidemiology of c. burnetii infection. in order to investigate the significance of the ruminant host community in the alpine and subalpine ecosystems of the eastern pyrenees, northeastern spain, in the epidemiology of q fever, a serological survey was performed on samples from 599 wild and 353 sympatric domestic ruminants. | 2016 | 27121001 |
| assessment of the genetic relationship between dictyocaulus species from bos taurus and cervus elaphus using complete mitochondrial genomic datasets. | dictyocaulus species are strongylid nematodes of major veterinary significance in ruminants, such as cattle and cervids, and cause serious bronchitis or pneumonia (dictyocaulosis or "husk"). there has been ongoing controversy surrounding the validity of some dictyocaulus species and their host specificity. here, we sequenced and characterized the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of dictyocaulus viviparus (from bos taurus) with dictyocaulus sp. cf. eckerti from red deer (cervus elaphus), used mt datase ... | 2012 | 23110936 |
| reconstructing the history of a fragmented and heavily exploited red deer population using ancient and contemporary dna. | red deer (cervus elaphus) have been an important human resource for millennia, experiencing intensive human influence through habitat alterations, hunting and translocation of animals. in this study we investigate a time series of ancient and contemporary dna from norwegian red deer spanning about 7,000 years. our main aim was to investigate how increasing agricultural land use, hunting pressure and possibly human mediated translocation of animals have affected the genetic diversity on a long-te ... | 2012 | 23009643 |
| positioning the red deer (cervus elaphus) hunted by the tyrolean iceman into a mitochondrial dna phylogeny. | in the last years several phylogeographic studies of both extant and extinct red deer populations have been conducted. three distinct mitochondrial lineages (western, eastern and north-african/sardinian) have been identified reflecting different glacial refugia and postglacial recolonisation processes. however, little is known about the genetics of the alpine populations and no mitochondrial dna sequences from alpine archaeological specimens are available. here we provide the first mitochondrial ... | 2014 | 24988290 |
| red deer synchronise their activity with close neighbours. | models of collective animal behaviour frequently make assumptions about the effects of neighbours on the behaviour of focal individuals, but these assumptions are rarely tested. one such set of assumptions is that the switch between active and inactive behaviour seen in herding animals is influenced by the activity of close neighbours, where neighbouring animals show a higher degree of behavioural synchrony than would be expected by chance. we tested this assumption by observing the simultaneous ... | 2014 | 24765578 |
| forensic dna barcoding and bio-response studies of animal horn products used in traditional medicine. | animal horns (ahs) have been applied to traditional medicine for more than thousands of years, of which clinical effects have been confirmed by the history. but now parts of ahs have been listed in the items of wildlife conservation, which limits the use for traditional medicine. the contradiction between the development of traditional medicine and the protection of wild resources has already become the common concern of zoophilists, traditional medical professionals, economists, sociologists. w ... | 2013 | 23409064 |
| late pleistocene/early holocene migratory behavior of ungulates using isotopic analysis of tooth enamel and its effects on forager mobility. | zooarchaeological and paleoecological investigations have traditionally been unable to reconstruct the ethology of herd animals, which likely had a significant influence on the mobility and subsistence strategies of prehistoric humans. in this paper, we reconstruct the migratory behavior of red deer (cervus elaphus) and caprids at the pleistocene-holocene transition in the northeastern adriatic region using stable oxygen isotope analysis of tooth enamel. the data show a significant change in δ18 ... | 2016 | 27275784 |
| the power of oral and nasal calls to discriminate individual mothers and offspring in red deer, cervus elaphus. | in most species, acoustical cues are crucial for mother-offspring recognition. studies of a few species of ungulates showed that potential for individual recognition may differ between nasal and oral contact calls. | 2015 | 25610491 |
| long-term dynamics of bluetongue virus in wild ruminants: relationship with outbreaks in livestock in spain, 2006-2011. | wild and domestic ruminants are susceptible to bluetongue virus (btv) infection. three btv serotypes (btv-4, btv-1 and btv-8) have been detected in spain in the last decade. even though control strategies have been applied to livestock, btv circulation has been frequently detected in wild ruminant populations in spain. the aim of the present study is to assess the role for wild ruminants in maintaining btv after the vaccination programs in livestock in mainland spain. a total of 931 out 1,914 (4 ... | 2014 | 24940879 |
| state-space modelling of the drivers of movement behaviour in sympatric species. | understanding animal movement behaviour is key to furthering our knowledge on intra- and inter-specific competition, group cohesion, energy expenditure, habitat use, the spread of zoonotic diseases or species management. we used a radial basis function surface approximation subject to minimum description length constraint to uncover the state-space dynamical systems from time series data. this approximation allowed us to infer structure from a mathematical model of the movement behaviour of shee ... | 2015 | 26580801 |
| cross-sectional study of schmallenberg virus seroprevalence in wild ruminants in poland at the end of the vector season of 2013. | in view of recurrent schmallenberg virus (sbv) infections all over europe between 2011 and 2013, a lively scientific debate over the importance of the sylvatic transmission cycle of the virus has emerged. the study presents results of serosurvey which included wild ruminants representing species of red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), european bison (bison bonasus), fallow deer (dama dama), mouflon (ovis orientalis musimon) hunted or immobilized at 34 different locations of ... | 2014 | 25528665 |
| a geographic cluster of malignant catarrhal fever in moose (alces alces) in norway. | three cases of lethal sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in free-ranging moose (alces alces) were diagnosed in lesja, norway, december 2008-february 2010. the diagnosis was based on pcr identification of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) dna (n = 3) and typical histopathologic lesions (n = 1). to study the possibility of subclinical or latent mcf virus (mcfv) infection in this moose population and in red deer (cervus elaphus), we examined clinically normal animals sampled during hunt ... | 2015 | 25574807 |
| molecular survey of anaplasma and ehrlichia of red deer and sika deer in gansu, china in 2013. | anaplasma and ehrlichia are important emerging tick-borne pathogens in both humans and animals. here, we conducted a molecular surveillance study in gansu, china to assess the prevalence of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. in red deer and sika deer based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis and sequencing of 16s rrna or msp genes. pcr revealed that the prevalence of anaplasma ovis, anaplasma bovis and anaplasma platys of the qilian mountain samples was 32%, 9% and 9%, respectively; the preval ... | 2016 | 25660960 |
| anaplasmataceae in wild ungulates and carnivores in northern spain. | wild vertebrates are essential hosts for tick-borne diseases but data on the prevalence and diversity of anaplasma spp. in wildlife are scarce. in this study, we used real-time pcr to investigate the distribution of anaplasma species in spleen samples collected from 625 wild animals (137 cervids, 227 wild boar, and 261 carnivores) in two regions in northern spain. a first generic real-time pcr assay was used to screen for the presence of anaplasma spp. followed by a second species-specific multi ... | 2016 | 26596894 |
| red deer (cervus elaphus) as a host for the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in yucatan, mexico. | rhipicephalus microplus is the most economically important cattle tick in the mexican tropics. wild ungulate species, including red deer (cervus elaphus), are gaining popularity in diversified livestock ranching operations in mexico. however, there is no information available on the susceptibility of red deer to infestation with the cattle tick, r. microplus, under hot, subhumid tropical conditions in mexico. biological data on r. microplus as an ectoparasite of cattle and red deer in a farm in ... | 2013 | 23423423 |
| molecular survey on the presence of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in wild red deer (cervus elaphus). | to estimate the prevalence of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in red deer (cervus elaphus) living in italian areas with high risk of arthropod exposure, blood samples from 60 red deer were tested by pcr for a. phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and piroplasms. thirty-four (56.67%) animals resulted positive for one or more pathogens. in particular, 24 (40%) red deer were positive for a. phagocytophilum, 16 (26.67%) for babesia divergens, 6 (1 ... | 2016 | 27477510 |
| molecular analysis of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia divergens in red deer (cervus elaphus) in western austria. | wild ungulates may act as reservoirs of various vector borne pathogens that can infect humans and domestic animals. in the present study, blood samples from 196 red deer (cervus elaphus) from western austria (vorarlberg, tyrol and salzburg) were collected on filter paper and tested for anaplasmataceae, piroplasmida, rickettsia and filarioid helminths using molecular tools. babesia divergens was detected in ten (5.1%) and anaplasma phagocytophilum in three (1.5%) of the 196 samples. filarioid hel ... | 2017 | 27417532 |
| wild boar (sus scrofa) - reservoir host of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and anaplasma phagocytophilum in slovakia. | in central europe the wild boar population is permanently growing and consequently cf foodborne infections. in this study serological and molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in wild boars was evaluated. moreover, same samples were screened for the presence and genetic variability of tick-borne bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. blood samples collected from 113 wild boars from southern slovakia were examined for antibodies to t. gondii by indirect and to n. caninum by ... | 2016 | 27078648 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes that are potentially virulent for human in wild ruminants and ixodes ricinus in central italy. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis worldwide. as is the case for many tick-borne diseases, the epidemiological cycle is associated to the environmental conditions, including the presence of wild vertebrate reservoir hosts, vectors, climate and vegetation. in this study a total number of 87 spleen samples of wild ruminants carcasses from central italy, and 77 ixodes ricinus collected from the same dead animals were screened for anaplasma phagocytophilum by us ... | 2016 | 27020736 |
| evaluation of microbial communities and symbionts in ixodes ricinus and ungulate hosts (cervus elaphus and ovis aries) from shared habitats on the west coast of norway. | recent reports suggest a potential for transmission of a newly discovered rickettsial endosymbiont, midichloria mitochondrii, to animals and humans from feeding ticks (ixodes ricinus). using molecular methods; i. ricinus, sheep and red deer in anaplasma phagocytophilum-endemic areas of norway, were examined to see if they were infected by m. mitochondrii or related organisms like wolbachia pipientis and rickettsia spp. a total of 532 ticks collected from pastures, 76 blood samples from grazing l ... | 2014 | 25132534 |
| genotyping of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from poland for selected genes. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a veterinary and medical tick-borne pathogen of vertebrates which invades granulocytes. the potential reservoirs of anaplasma include game animals and small mammals. the aim ofthis study was to gain insight into the variability ofnucleotide sequences of ribosomal and selected protein-coding genes (anka, msp4 and the groesl heat-shock protein operon) present in isolates of a. phagocytophilum collected from wild ruminants (cervus elaphus and capreolus capreolus) in pol ... | 2014 | 24745148 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in sympatric red deer (cervus elaphus) and sheep in southern norway. | infections by the ixodid tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum are common in domestic ruminants and cervids in the coastal areas of southern norway. previous experimental work has shown that a. phagocytophilum strains recovered from red deer (cervus elaphus) are infective in lambs, but epidemiological links between infections in red deer and sheep have yet to be established. to address this shortfall, the present study explores the genotypic relatedness between a. phagocy ... | 2013 | 23414797 |
| evidence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in game animals from slovenia. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis in mammalian hosts including humans. wild animals may play an important role in the epidemiology of this disease. the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infection with a. phagocytophilum among wildlife in slovenia. serum samples (n = 376) from the most important game species [red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), wild boar (sus scrofa), chamois (rupicapra ... | 2012 | 23160026 |
| ashworthius sidemi schulz, 1933 and haemonchus contortus (rudolphi, 1803) in cervids in france: integrative approach for species identification. | among gastro-intestinal nematodes, the blood-sucking worms belonging to the subfamily of haemonchinae are considered to be of pathogenic and economic great importance, particularly in small ruminants. haemonchus contortus, primary found in domestic ruminants and wild bovines (mouflon, chamois), is probably the most studied, but occurrence of ashworthius sidemi has gradually increased over recent years, especially in cervids and free roaming wild bovid as the european bison in eastern europe, and ... | 2016 | 27810500 |
| parasite infections in red deer cervus elaphus from krakow area, southern poland. | the study describes the parasitofauna of red deer cervus elaphus from kraków area (southern poland). the study was done in years 2011-2012 and included altogether 6 animals. five deer originated from the forest areas (hunted) and one came from the urban site (it died in a road accident). in addition to post-mortem examination, coproscopic analyses with sporulation were performed to define eimeria species diversity. the deer were infected with four species of nematodes: ashworthius sidemi, spicul ... | 2015 | 25911038 |
| development of 12 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers using a next generation sequencing approach for spiculopteragia spiculoptera, a nematode parasite of deer. | twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were produced and characterized for spiculopteragia spiculoptera (nematoda, trichostrongyloidae) a common parasite of abomasum of roe and red deer, using next generation sequencing approach, and two multiplexes pcr were developed with these markers. polymorphism of each locus was tested in 40 individuals of this species from diverse wild populations of cervids, and was tested for crossed-amplification on four other species of nematodes, close to s. ... | 2014 | 25257224 |
| the first detection of nematodes ashworthius sidemi in elk alces alces (l.) in poland and remarks of ashworthiosis foci limitations. | ashworthius sidemi, a nematode belonging to the family of trichostrongylidae, is a primary parasite of the asian deer, mainly sika deer (cervus nippon), with which it was introduced to ukraine, as well as slovakia, the czech republic and france. migrating red deer carried this parasite from neighboring countries to polish territory. until now, in poland, this parasite has been recorded in european bison, red deer, roe deer and fallow deer. as a result of post-mortem examinations of 10 elk, 2 of ... | 2013 | 24338312 |
| babesia odocoilei infection in a saskatchewan elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) herd. | an 8-year-old female elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) cow, presented for chronic severe weight loss and unthriftiness, was diagnosed with babesia odocoilei infection based on blood smear evaluation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and dna sequence analysis. subsequently, velvet antler from a male that died acutely on the same farm was also pcr positive for babesia spp. both animals originated from a game ranch of saskatchewan-bred and -raised animals with no known history of tick exposure, but w ... | 2013 | 23780934 |
| dances with anthrax: wolves (canis lupus) kill anthrax bacteremic plains bison (bison bison bison) in southwestern montana. | bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax, was recovered from two plains bison (bison bison bison) cows killed by wolves (canis lupus) in montana, usa, without associated wolf mortality in july 2010. this bison herd experienced an epizootic in summer 2008, killing ∼ 8% of the herd, the first documented in the region in several decades. no wolf deaths were associated with the 2008 event. surveillance has continued since 2008, with research, ranch, and wildlife personnel diligent during summer. as ... | 2014 | 24484485 |
| absence of antibodies specific to besnoitia spp. in european sheep and goats from areas in spain where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic. | besnoitia besnoiti and b. caprae, which infect bovids (cattle and antelopes) and goats, respectively, are responsible for besnoitiosis, a chronic and debilitating disease. bovine besnoitiosis is considered to be a reemerging disease in central and western europe. in addition, infection by besnoitia spp. has been reported in reindeer from sweden and finland. recently, the parasite was also detected in roe deer and red deer from spain, where an interconnection between the domestic and sylvatic cyc ... | 2017 | 27815735 |
| the role of wild ruminants as reservoirs of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, a parasitic disease caused by besnoitia besnoiti, has been reported mainly in beef cattle raised under extensive pastoral systems and is considered to be re-emerging in western europe. horizontal transmission probably occurs either by means of blood sucking arthropods or as a consequence of direct contact between infected and non-infected cattle. however, the role that wild ruminants (e.g., red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus)) may play in the parasit ... | 2016 | 27198769 |
| blood-feeding patterns of horse flies in the french pyrenees. | horse flies can mechanically transmit besnoitia besnoiti, the agent of bovine besnoitiosis. although previously limited to enzootic areas, especially the french pyrenees mountains, bovine besnoitiosis is now considered a re-emerging disease in western europe. to improve understanding of the role of horse flies as mechanical vectors, this study investigated their blood-feeding ecology in the eastern french pyrenees, in two high-altitude summer pastures whose main domestic ungulates were cattle, a ... | 2014 | 24210525 |
| first serosurvey of besnoitia spp. infection in wild european ruminants in spain. | besnoitia besnoiti has been reported to affect cattle, wildebeest, kudu and impala, and b. tarandi other wild ruminants (caribou, reindeer, mule deer and musk ox), causing similar characteristic clinical signs and lesions. however, both besnoitia species have been reported in different geographical areas and the link between the sylvatic and domestic life cycles of besnoita spp. in wild ruminants and cattle remains unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of specific antibodie ... | 2013 | 23790546 |
| bluetongue in europe and the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of disease. | the article reviews a current bluetongue (bt) epidemiological situation in europe, bt restricted zones and the role of wild ungulates as a reservoir for bluetongue virus (btv) and its transmission. bt has been eradicated from central and northern europe, however it is still circulating in some regions of southern and south-eastern europe. according to the recent information of the directoriate general for health and consumer affairs (dg sanco) disease caused by btv1 was spreading at the beginnin ... | 2015 | 26172200 |
| spatial-temporal trends and factors associated with the bluetongue virus seropositivity in large game hunting areas from southern spain. | an epidemiological study was carried out to determine the spatial-temporal trends and risk factors potentially involved in the seropositivity to bluetongue virus (btv) in hunting areas with presence of red deer (cervus elaphus). a total of 60 of 98 (61.2%; ci95% : 51.6-70.9) hunting areas sampled presented at least one seropositive red deer. antibodies against btv were detected in juvenile animals during the hunting seasons 2007/2008 to 2013/2014 in 15 of 98 (15.3%) hunting areas, which indicate ... | 2016 | 25482024 |
| wild ungulates as sentinel of btv-8 infection in piedmont areas. | bluetongue caused by the genotype 8 virus (btv-8) appeared for the first time in btv free areas in northern italy in 2008. the presence of domestic animals outbreaks, abundant wild ungulates populations, and ongoing regional btv control plans, made this area interesting to evaluate the role of wild ruminants in btv-8 epidemiology. we analyzed spleen samples from hunted red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and alpine chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) by quantitative rt-pcr. sampl ... | 2014 | 25306211 |
| survey of bluetongue virus infection in free-ranging wild ruminants in switzerland. | in 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv-8) was detected for the first time in central europe. measures to control the infection in livestock were implemented in switzerland but the question was raised whether free-ranging wildlife could be a maintenance host for btv-8. furthermore toggenburg orbivirus (tov), considered as a potential 25th btv serotype, was detected in 2007 in domestic goats in switzerland and wild ruminants were considered a potential source of infection. to assess prevalences ... | 2013 | 23941229 |
| bluetongue virus serotype 1 in wild ruminants, france, 2008-10. | the persistence of bluetongue virus serotype 1 (btv-1) circulation was evaluated in red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), mouflons (ovis ammon), and pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) sampled during two hunting seasons between september 2008 and february 2010 in the east pyrenean mountains, france. the prevalence of btv antibody in red deer was high and not significantly different between the two hunting seasons (50.9% and 49.6%, respectively). the prevalence o ... | 2012 | 23060507 |
| global gene expression analysis in skin biopsies of european red deer experimentally infected with bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 8. | bluetongue virus (btv) is a double-stranded rna virus transmitted by blood-feeding biting midges of the genus culicoides to wild and domestic ruminants, causing high morbidity and variable mortality. the aim of this study was to characterize differential gene expression in skin biopsies of red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds experimentally infected with btv serotypes 1 and 8. skin biopsies were collected from btv-1 and btv-8 experimentally infected and control hinds at 14 and 98 days post-infection ... | 2012 | 22835526 |
| putative risk factors for infections with toggenburg orbivirus in goat herds in southern switzerland (canton of ticino). | toggenburg orbivirus (tov), only detected in goats, has been described as a member of the bluetongue virus (btv) serogroup. the transmission pathway of the virus seems different from other bluetongue viruses (btvs). the objective of this study was to explore risk factors, especially the influence of alpine pasture and the presence of other livestock species, for the presence of tov infected goats on farms. between february 2008 and september 2009, blood samples were collected and analyzed for to ... | 2012 | 22739059 |
| evidence for btv-4 circulation in free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus) in cabañeros national park, spain. | bluetongue (bt) is an infectious disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (btv). btv-4 spread through southern spain from 2004 to 2006, whereas a btv-1 outbreak that started in southern spain in 2007 is still ongoing. vaccination and movement restriction regulations are applied to domestic ruminants to control bt, but the potential reservoir role of wild european ungulates has not been clarified so far. the aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of btv in the ... | 2012 | 22525011 |
| a serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in turkish zoos. | zoos and zoologic gardens make optimal environments for interspecies transmission of viral infections. there are seven zoos and several small zoologic collections in turkey. this study aimed to determine the current status of viral infections in captive ungulates living in these environments. blood samples were taken from 163 captive animals from two zoos. there were 39 cameroon sheep (ovis ammon f aries), 11 barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), 57 pygmy goats (capra hircus), 9 angora goats (capra ... | 2011 | 22946369 |
| pestivirus in alpine wild ruminants and sympatric livestock from the cantabrian mountains, spain. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) were investigated at the wildlife-livestock interface in the distribution area of chamois in the cantabrian mountains, north-western spain. from 2010 to 2014, sera from sympatric wild (n=167) and domestic (n=272) ruminants were analysed for pestivirus antibodies by celisa, virus neutralisation test (vnt) and for the presence of pestiviral rna using a reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. results showed a higher seroprevalence in cattle ... | 2016 | 27083871 |
| absence of circulation of pestivirus between wild and domestic ruminants in southern spain. | ruminant pestiviruses (family flaviviridae) affect both wild and domestic ruminants worldwide, causing reproductive disorders and severe economic losses. wild (n=1442) and domestic (n=373) ruminants from southern spain were tested for the presence of antibodies to pestiviruses. seropositivity was detected by both elisa and virus neutralisation test in 1/892 (0.1 per cent) red deer, 29/125 (23.2 per cent) cattle and 17/157 (10.8 per cent) sheep. pestivirus-specific antibodies to bovine viral diar ... | 2016 | 26864026 |
| detection of invasive borrelia burgdorferi strains in north-eastern piedmont, italy. | following reports of human cases of lyme borreliosis from the ossola valley, a mountainous area of piemonte, north-western italy, the abundance and altitudinal distribution of ticks, and infection of these vectors with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were evaluated. a total of 1662 host-seeking ixodes ricinus were collected by dragging from april to september 2011 at locations between 400 and 1450 m above sea level. additional 104 i. ricinus were collected from 35 hunted wild animals (4 chamois, ... | 2015 | 25220838 |
| blood feeding on large grazers affects the transmission of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by ixodes ricinus. | the presence of ixodes ricinus and their associated borrelia infections on large grazers was investigated. carcases of freshly shot red deer, mouflon and wild boar were examined for the presence of any stage of i. ricinus. questing ticks were collected from locations where red deer and wild boar are known to occur. presence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. dna was examined in a fraction of the collected ticks. larvae, nymphs and adult ticks were found on the three large grazers. red deer had the hig ... | 2014 | 25113977 |
| borrelia burgdorferi serosurvey in wild deer in england and wales. | lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the united kingdom and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. however, limited information is available on its epidemiology and dynamics in the u.k. a survey in wild deer to investigate the presence of antibodies reactive to borrellia burgdorferi was conducted to obtain initial information on the distribution pattern of the spirochete in england and wales. samples from roe deer (n=604) and red deer (n=80) were collected in eight ... | 2012 | 22448654 |
| papillomavirus in healthy skin and mucosa of wild ruminants in the italian alps. | we investigated healthy skin and mucosal specimens of wild ruminants in the italian alps. we identified bovine papillomavirus (bpv)-2 dna in the healthy skin of wild ruminants and documented coinfection of bpv-1 and cervus elaphus papillomavirus (cepv)-1 in a healthy red deer (cervus elaphus). we also demonstrated cross-infections of bpvs of the genus xipapillomavirus, both as single virus infection and also in association with deltapapillomavirus types 1 and 2, confirming that host tropism of p ... | 2016 | 26540178 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus in free-ranging wild ruminants in switzerland: low prevalence of infection despite regular interactions with domestic livestock. | | 2012 | 23107231 |
| brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock in the greater yellowstone ecosystem: inferences from dna genotyping. | the wildlife of the greater yellowstone ecosystem carries brucellosis, which was first introduced to the area by cattle in the 19th century. brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock has been difficult to study due to challenges in culturing the causative agent, brucella abortus . we examined b. abortus transmission between american bison ( bison bison ), rocky mountain elk ( cervus elaphus nelsoni), and cattle ( bos taurus ) using variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers on dn ... | 2017 | 28118557 |
| risk assessment and management of brucellosis in the southern greater yellowstone area (ii): cost-benefit analysis of reducing elk brucellosis prevalence. | recent cases of bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus) in cattle (bos taurus) and domestic bison (bison bison) of the southern greater yellowstone area (sgya) have been traced back to free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus). several management activities have been implemented to reduce brucellosis seroprevalence in elk, including test-and-slaughter, low-density feeding at elk winter feedgrounds, and elk vaccination. it is unclear which of these activities are most cost-effective at reducing the risk of ... | 2016 | 27836044 |
| integrating ecology with management to control wildlife brucellosis. | bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus) in the greater yellowstone ecosystem have long been infected with brucella abortus. the continued culling of large numbers of yellowstone bison to reduce the risk of brucellosis transmission to cattle could negatively affect long-term conservation. a desirable management objective is to reduce the level of b. abortus infection while conserving wildlife populations. identifying the ecological factors that influence immune suppression and vulnerabilityt ... | 2013 | 23837381 |
| an ecological perspective on brucella abortus in the western united states. | after a hiatus during the 1990s, outbreaks of brucella abortus in cattle are occurring more frequently in some of the western states of the united states, namely, montana, wyoming and idaho. this increase is coincidentwith increasing brucellosis seroprevalence in elk (cervus elaphus), which is correlated with elk density. vaccines are a seductive solution, but their use in wildlife systems remains limited by logistical, financial, and scientific constraints. cattle vaccination is ongoing in the ... | 2013 | 23837367 |
| risks of brucella abortus spillover in the greater yellowstone area. | recurrent spillover of brucella abortus from wildlife reservoirs to domestic cattle in the greater yellowstone area (gya) has prevented the united states from completely eradicating bovine brucellosis. risks to cattle are a function of the size and location of wildlife and livestock populations, the degree and nature of spatio-temporal interactions between the various hosts, the level of disease in wildlife, and the susceptibility of livestock herds. while the brucellosis prevalence in wild, fre ... | 2013 | 23837366 |
| evaluation of transmission of brucella abortus strain 19 in bison by intravaginal, intrauterine, and intraconjunctival inoculation. | bovine brucellosis, caused by the bacterium brucella abortus, is endemic in bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) populations in the area of yellowstone national park, usa. two strategies have been proposed to reduce the risk of transmission of disease in bison: remote vaccination with the vaccine rb51, and the use of immunocontraception of bison to decrease shedding of organisms from infected females. the frequent occurrence of venereal transmission in bison would complicate eith ... | 2013 | 23778600 |
| pathology of brucella ovis infection in red deer stags (cervus elaphus). | to describe the pathology of the reproductive tract of red deer stags with active brucella ovis infection and in stags in which b. ovis infection had resolved. | 2012 | 22352933 |
| identity of rumen fluke in deer. | as evidence is growing that in many temperate areas paramphistome infections are becoming more common and widespread, this study was undertaken to determine the role of deer as reservoirs for rumen fluke infections in livestock. a total of 144 deer faecal samples (88 from fallow deer, 32 from red deer and 24 samples from sika, sika/red deer hybrids) were screened for the presence of fluke eggs. based on the its-2 rdna locus plus flanking 5.8s and 28s sequences (its-2+), fluke eggs were identifie ... | 2014 | 25127736 |
| a field survey on the status of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in hangul (cervus elaphus hanglu) in dachigam national park of kashmir. | one year crossectional survey was carried out to determine and describe the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasite infections in hangul (cervus elaphus hanglu) in dachigam national park of kashmir through faecal examinations. out of 153 faecal samples examined, 82 (53.59 %) were found infected with git helminthes. in present study seven helminth species were found, including five nematode [haemonchus contortus (55.39 %), trichuris ovis (39.75 %), dictyocaulus viviparus (28.4.00 %) ... | 2016 | 27605778 |
| establishment rate of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | to investigate the establishment of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in red deer, five red deer and five sheep aged 5-6 months were challenged with a mixed burden of sheep gin at a rate of 327l3/kg bodyweight. the lsmean (se) establishment rates (%) for haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, cooperia curticei, trichostrongylus spp. and oesophagostomum+chabertia spp. were 18.6 (0.03), 35.5 (0.04), 30.7 (0.04), 74.9 (0.05), 19.9 (0.06), respectively in sheep and 10.5 (0.03), 1.0 (0 ... | 2015 | 25657087 |
| coxiella burnetii shedding by farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | wildlife and notably deer species--due to the increasing relevance of deer farming worldwide--may contribute to the maintenance of coxiella burnetii, the causal agent of q fever. currently, there are no precedents linking exposure to deer species with human q fever cases. however, a human case of q fever was recently diagnosed in a red deer (cervus elaphus) farm, which led us to investigate whether deer could be a source for environmental contamination with c. burnetii and ascertain the implicat ... | 2015 | 24127840 |
| chlamydiosis: seroepidemiologic survey in a red deer (cervus elaphus) population in italy. | chlamydiae are obligate, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that are responsible for important diseases in humans, other mammals, and birds. studies have shown that chlamydiae could be present in wild ruminants, but the serodiagnostic method most commonly used did not allow identification of chlamydial species. we determined the prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pecorum, chlamydia suis, chlamydia abortus, and chlamydia psittaci in 271 red deer (cervus elaphus) of a central italian populat ... | 2012 | 22493128 |
| deer as a potential wildlife reservoir for parachlamydia species. | wildlife populations represent an important reservoir for emerging pathogens and trans-boundary livestock diseases. however, detailed information relating to the occurrence of endemic pathogens such as those of the order chlamydiales in such populations is lacking. during the hunting season of 2008, 863 samples (including blood, conjunctival swabs, internal organs and faeces) were collected in the eastern swiss alps from 99 free-living red deer (cervus elaphus) and 64 free-living roe deer (capre ... | 2012 | 22460045 |
| novel sequence types of chlamydia pecorum infect free-ranging alpine ibex (capra ibex) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in switzerland. | chlamydia pecorum, a recognized pathogen of domesticated ruminants and koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), has been recently reported in a broad range of other wildlife species including water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), ibex (capra ibex), chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), red deer (cervus elaphus), and birds. this identification raises questions as to whether cross-host transmission may be a factor in the epidemiology of infections in these species. to begin to address this question, we employed a c. ... | 2015 | 25647593 |
| seeded amplification of chronic wasting disease prions in nasal brushings and recto-anal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues from elk by real-time quaking-induced conversion. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, was first documented nearly 50 years ago in colorado and wyoming and has since been detected across north america and the republic of korea. the expansion of this disease makes the development of sensitive diagnostic assays and antemortem sampling techniques crucial for the mitigation of its spread; this is especially true in cases of relocation/reintroduction or prevalence studies of large or protected herds, w ... | 2016 | 26888899 |
| progressive accumulation of the abnormal conformer of the prion protein and spongiform encephalopathy in the obex of nonsymptomatic and symptomatic rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease. | the purpose of our study was to describe the progressive accumulation of the abnormal conformer of the prion protein (prp(cwd)) and spongiform degeneration in a single section of brain stem in rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease (cwd). a section of obex from 85 cwd-positive elk was scored using the presence and abundance of prp(cwd) immunoreactivity and spongiform degeneration in 10 nuclear regions and the presence and abundance of prp(cwd) in 10 axonal tract ... | 2015 | 26185123 |
| genotyping of velvet antlers for identification of country of origin using mitochondrial dna and fluorescence melting curve analysis with locked nucleic acid probes. | velvet antlers are used medicinally in asia and possess various therapeutic effects. prices are set according to the country of origin, which is unidentifiable to the naked eye, and therefore counterfeiting is prevalent. additionally, antlers of the canadian elk, which can generate chronic wasting disease, are prevalently smuggled and distributed in the market. thus, a method for identifying the country of origin of velvet antlers was developed, using polymorphisms in mitochondrial dna, fluoresc ... | 2016 | 26094991 |
| prion amplification and hierarchical bayesian modeling refine detection of prion infection. | prions are unique infectious agents that replicate without a genome and cause neurodegenerative diseases that include chronic wasting disease (cwd) of cervids. immunohistochemistry (ihc) is currently considered the gold standard for diagnosis of a prion infection but may be insensitive to early or sub-clinical cwd that are important to understanding cwd transmission and ecology. we assessed the potential of serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (spmca) to improve detection of cwd prior ... | 2015 | 25665713 |
| mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease risk at communal use sites of elk and deer. | free-ranging cervids acquire most of their essential minerals through forage consumption, though occasionally seek other sources to account for seasonal mineral deficiencies. mineral sources occur as natural geological deposits (i.e., licks) or as anthropogenic mineral supplements. in both scenarios, these sources commonly serve as focal sites for visitation. we monitored 11 licks in rocky mountain national park, north-central colorado, using trail cameras to quantify daily visitation indices (d ... | 2014 | 24711146 |
| assessing the susceptibility of transgenic mice overexpressing deer prion protein to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. | several transgenic mouse models have been developed which facilitate the transmission of chronic wasting disease (cwd) of cervids and allow prion strain discrimination. the present study was designed to assess the susceptibility of the prototypic mouse line, tg(cerprp)1536(+/-), to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) prions, which have the ability to overcome species barriers. tg(cerprp)1536(+/-) mice challenged with red deer-adapted bse resulted in 90% to 100% attack rates, and bse from catt ... | 2014 | 24257620 |
| a case of chronic wasting disease in a captive red deer (cervus elaphus). | a 22-month-old, female red deer (cervus elaphus) was submitted to the university of minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory for necropsy and chronic wasting disease (cwd) testing. the deer was found positive for the abnormal prion protein in the obex and the retropharyngeal lymph node by immunohistochemical staining. microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy and immunohistochemical staining patterns and intensity were similar to those in cwd-positive elk and experimentally infected red ... | 2013 | 23950558 |
| early detection of chronic wasting disease prions in urine of pre-symptomatic deer by real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of captive and free-ranging deer (odocoileus spp), elk (cervus elaphus nelsonii) and moose (alces alces shirasi). unlike in most other prion diseases, in cwd prions are shed in urine and feces, which most likely contributes to the horizontal transmission within and between cervid species. to date, cwd ante-mortem diagnosis is only possible by immunohistochemical detection of protease resistant prion protein (prp (sc) ) in tonsil or recto-anal muco ... | 2015 | 23764839 |
| experimental chronic wasting disease in wild type vm mice. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a naturally occurring prion disease in north american deer (odocoileus species), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (alces alces). the disease was first confirmed in the republic of korea in 2001, and subsequent cases were diagnosed in 2004, 2005 and 2010. the experimental host range of cwd includes ferrets, several species of voles, white-footed mice, deer mice and syrian golden hamsters. in addition, cwd was transmitted to the transgenic mous ... | 2013 | 23708962 |
| efficacy of antemortem rectal biopsies to diagnose and estimate prevalence of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cow elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | a reliable antemortem test is needed to understand the ecology of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). we measured the ability of antemortem biopsy samples from the rectal mucosa to detect the abnormal prion protein associated with cwd (prp(cwd)), the relationship between test results from the obex and rectal biopsies at varying stages of cwd progression, and the prevalence of cwd in free-ranging elk from rocky mountain national park, colorado, usa. we sampled and place ... | 2013 | 23568902 |
| strain characterization of the korean cwd cases in 2001 and 2004. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) has been recognized as a naturally occurring prion disease in north american deer (odocoileus species), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (alces alces). the disease was confirmed only in elk in the republic of korea in 2001, 2004 and 2005. epidemiological investigations showed that cwd was introduced via importation of infected elk from canada between 1994 and 1997. in spite of the increasing geographic distribution and host range of cwd, little ... | 2013 | 22972463 |
| detection of prpcwd in feces from naturally exposed rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) using protein misfolding cyclic amplification. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting captive and free-ranging cervids. currently, tests for cwd in live animals involve relatively invasive procedures to collect lymphoid tissue biopsies and examine them for cwd-associated, protease-resistant cervid prion protein (prp(cwd)) detected by immunohistochemistry (ihc). we adapted an ultrasensitive prion detection system, protein misfolding cyclic amplification (pmca), to detect prp(cwd) in rocky mountain ... | 2012 | 22493117 |