| expansion of the hsfy gene family in pig lineages : hsfy expansion in suids. | amplified gene families on sex chromosomes can harbour genes with important biological functions, especially relating to fertility. the y-linked heat shock transcription factor (hsfy) family has become amplified on the y chromosome of the domestic pig (sus scrofa), in an apparently independent event to an hsfy expansion on the y chromosome of cattle (bos taurus). although the biological functions of hsfy genes are poorly understood, they appear to be involved in gametogenesis in a number of mamm ... | 2015 | 26055083 |
| serologic and molecular survey for hepatitis e virus in wild boar (sus scrofa) in central italy. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the role of wild boar (sus scrofa) as a reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev). sixty-four blood and faecal samples collected from wild boar hunted in central italy in 2011-2012 were examined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rt-pcr analysis. positive rt-pcr samples were further examined by nucleotide sequence determination and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. thirty-six sera (56.2%) were positive for hev-specific antibodies, and s ... | 2015 | 26199731 |
| validation of respiratory inductance plethysmography for measuring tidal volume in swine. | measuring tidal volume (vt) in nonintubated swine or swine with leaking breathing circuits is challenging. the aim of this study was to validate respiratory inductance plethysmography (rip) for measuring vt in swine that are comparable in size to adult humans. to determine calibration curves, vt and rip readings were obtained from anesthetized swine (n = 8; weight, 46-50 kg) during positive-pressure (mechanical) ventilation and spontaneous breathing. for positive-pressure ventilation, 6 pigs wer ... | 0 | 26141447 |
| optical coherence tomography of pulmonary arterial walls in humans and pigs (sus scrofa domesticus). | pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive elevation of the pulmonary pressures that, in the absence of therapy, results in chronic right-heart failure and premature death. the vascular pathology of pah is characterized by progressive loss of small (diameter, less than 50 μm) peripheral pulmonary arteries along with abnormal medial thickening, neointimal formation, and intraluminal narrowing of the remaining pulmonary arteries. vascular pathology ... | 0 | 26141446 |
| chest compression synchronized ventilation versus intermitted positive pressure ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pig model. | guidelines recommend mechanical ventilation with intermitted positive pressure ventilation (ippv) during resuscitation. the influence of the novel ventilator mode chest compression synchronized ventilation (ccsv) on gas exchange and arterial blood pressure compared with ippv was investigated in a pig model. | 2015 | 26011525 |
| the influence of antral ulcers on intramural gastric nerve projections supplying the pyloric sphincter in the pig (sus scrofa domestica)-neuronal tracing studies. | gastric ulcerations in the region of antrum pylori represent a serious medical problem in humans and animals. such localization of ulcers can influence the intrinsic descending nerve supply to the pyloric sphincter. the pyloric function is precisely regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic nerves. impaired neural regulation could result in pyloric sphincter dysfunction and gastric emptying malfunction. the aim of the study was to determine the effect of gastric antral ulcerations on the density and ... | 2015 | 25962176 |
| early postnatal respiratory viral infection induces structural and neurochemical changes in the neonatal piglet brain. | infections that cause inflammation during the postnatal period are common, yet little is known about their impact on brain development in gyrencephalic species. to address this issue, we investigated brain development in domestic piglets which have brain growth and morphology similar to human infants, after experimentally infecting them with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) to induce an interstitial pneumonia piglets were inoculated with prrsv on postnatal day (pd) 7 a ... | 2015 | 25967923 |
| pirnas from pig testis provide evidence for a conserved role of the piwi pathway in post-transcriptional gene regulation in mammals. | piwi-interacting (pi-) rnas guide germline-expressed piwi proteins in order to suppress the activity of transposable elements (tes). but notably, the majority of pachytene pirnas in mammalian testes is not related to tes. this raises the question of whether the piwi/pirna pathway exerts functions beyond te silencing. although gene-derived pirnas were described many times, a possible gene-regulatory function was doubted due to the absence of antisense pirnas. here we sequenced and analyzed pirnas ... | 2015 | 25950437 |
| a next generation semiconductor based sequencing approach for the identification of meat species in dna mixtures. | the identification of the species of origin of meat and meat products is an important issue to prevent and detect frauds that might have economic, ethical and health implications. in this paper we evaluated the potential of the next generation semiconductor based sequencing technology (ion torrent personal genome machine) for the identification of dna from meat species (pig, horse, cattle, sheep, rabbit, chicken, turkey, pheasant, duck, goose and pigeon) as well as from human and rat in dna mixt ... | 2015 | 25923709 |
| seroprevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy among wild boars in the republic of korea. | the importance of the wild boar as a reservoir of lawsonia intracellularis was assessed by investigating the seroprevalence of this pathogen among wild boars in the republic of korea. the extent of exposure to l. intracellularis among wild boars (sus scrofa coreanus) was monitored by a country-wide serological survey using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. | 2014 | 24393381 |
| characterization of the envelope glycoprotein of a novel filovirus, lloviu virus. | lloviu virus (llov), a novel filovirus detected in bats, is phylogenetically distinct from viruses in the genera ebolavirus and marburgvirus in the family filoviridae. while filoviruses are known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and/or nonhuman primates, llov is biologically uncharacterized, since infectious llov has never been isolated. to examine the properties of llov, we characterized its envelope glycoprotein (gp), which likely plays a key role in viral tropism and pathogenicity. ... | 2013 | 24131711 |
| a novel sp1/sp3 dependent intronic enhancer governing transcription of the ucp3 gene in brown adipocytes. | uncoupling protein (ucp) 3 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein implicated in lipid handling and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. its transcription is mainly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppar), a family of nuclear hormone receptors. employing bandshift assays, rna interference and reporter gene assays we examine an intronic region in the ucp3 gene harboring a cis-element essential for expression in brown adipocytes. we demonstrate binding of sp1 and sp3 to ... | 2013 | 24391766 |
| a universal method for species identification of mammals utilizing next generation sequencing for the analysis of dna mixtures. | species identification can be interesting in a wide range of areas, for example, in forensic applications, food monitoring and in archeology. the vast majority of existing dna typing methods developed for species determination, mainly focuses on a single species source. there are, however, many instances where all species from mixed sources need to be determined, even when the species in minority constitutes less than 1 % of the sample. the introduction of next generation sequencing opens new po ... | 2013 | 24358309 |
| gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: from animal model to patient. | to assess whether the use of porcine models is useful for learning endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd), thus contributing to its subsequent application in human patients. | 0 | 24363524 |
| interdisciplinary collaborative team for blastocyst implantation research: inception and perspectives. | | 2013 | 24286196 |
| filarial infections in semi-wild cattle of northeast india: first record of setaria digitata (von linstow 1906) in bos frontalis (lambert 1804). | the occurrence of adult setaria digitata, a filarial nematode of bovine host is reported for the first time from mithun (bos frontalis) of arunachal pradesh, india. during december 2011 to march 2012, a thorough survey was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and intensity of helminth infections among semi-wild cattle in northeast india. during the course of investigation, the relatively uncommon species of setaria was encountered among two out of eleven mithun examined. through light and scanni ... | 2013 | 26688636 |
| transcriptome profiling identifies differentially expressed genes in postnatal developing pituitary gland of miniature pig. | in recent years, tibetan pig and bama pig are popularly used as animal models for medical researches. however, little genomic information is available for the two breeds, particularly regarding gene expression pattern at the whole-transcriptome level. in this study, we characterized the pituitary transcriptome profile along their postnatal developmental stages within and between the two breeds in order to illustrate the differential dynamics and functions of differentially expressed genes. we ob ... | 2013 | 24282060 |
| an overview of the host spectrum and distribution of calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica): part 2-mammalia (excluding muroidea). | calodium hepaticum (syn. capillaria hepatica) is a globally distributed zoonotic nematode with low host specificity and a high affinity to the liver. although murid rodents are the main definite hosts, various other mammals can be affected with hepatic capillariasis: non-murid rodents, insectivora, chiroptera, lagomorpha, artiodactyla, perissodactyla, hyracoidea, marsupialia, carnivora, and primates. overall, more than 180 mammalian species (including humans) are known as suitable hosts of this ... | 2013 | 24257974 |
| an integrated pipeline for next generation sequencing and annotation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant intestinal fluke, fasciolopsis buski (lankester, 1857) looss, 1899. | helminths include both parasitic nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (trematode and cestode flatworms) that are abundant, and are of clinical importance. the genetic characterization of parasitic flatworms using advanced molecular tools is central to the diagnosis and control of infections. although the nuclear genome houses suitable genetic markers (e.g., in ribosomal (r) dna) for species identification and molecular characterization, the mitochondrial (mt) genome consistently provides a ... | 2013 | 24255820 |
| adhesion patterns of commensal and pathogenic escherichia coli from humans and wild animals on human and porcine epithelial cell lines. | different strategies of colonization or infection by e. coli result in formation of certain adhesion patterns which help also in classifying intestinal e. coli into pathotypes. little is known about adhesion patterns and host- and tissue adaption of commensal e. coli and about e. coli originating in clinically healthy hosts carrying pathotype-specific virulence-associated genes. | 2013 | 24188314 |
| ancient dna and population turnover in southern levantine pigs--signature of the sea peoples migration? | near eastern wild boars possess a characteristic dna signature. unexpectedly, wild boars from israel have the dna sequences of european wild boars and domestic pigs. to understand how this anomaly evolved, we sequenced dna from ancient and modern pigs from israel. pigs from late bronze age (until ca. 1150 bce) in israel shared haplotypes of modern and ancient near eastern pigs. european haplotypes became dominant only during the iron age (ca. 900 bce). this raises the possibility that european p ... | 2013 | 24186332 |
| splitting of a prevalent mycobacterium bovis spoligotype by variable-number tandem-repeat typing reveals high heterogeneity in an evolving clonal group. | mycobacterium bovis populations in countries with persistent bovine tuberculosis usually show a prevalent spoligotype with a wide geographical distribution. this study applied mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (miru-vntr) typing to a random panel of 115 m. bovis isolates that are representative of the most frequent spoligotype in the iberian peninsula, sb0121. vntr typing targeted nine loci: etr-a (alias vntr2165), etr-b (vntr2461), etr-d (miru4, vntr580), ... | 2013 | 23985914 |
| acute inflammatory response to transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery peritoneoscopy: an experimental study in swine. | to investigate the impact of transgastric peritoneal access on plasma biomarkers of acute inflammatory response in comparison to laparoscopy. | 0 | 24270956 |
| sperm nuclear architecture is locally modified in presence of a robertsonian translocation t(13;17). | in mammals, the non-random organization of the sperm nucleus supports an early function during embryonic development. altering this organization may interfere with the zygote development and reduce fertility or prolificity. thus, rare studies on sperm cells from infertile patients described an altered nuclear organization that may be a cause or a consequence of their respective pathologies. thereby, chromosomal rearrangements and aneuploidy can be studied not only for their adverse effects on pr ... | 2013 | 24205066 |
| conservation genomic analysis of domestic and wild pig populations from the iberian peninsula. | inbreeding is among the major concerns in management of local livestock populations. the effective population size of these populations tends to be small, which enhances the risk of fitness reduction and extinction. high-density snp data make it possible to undertake novel approaches in conservation genetics of endangered breeds and wild populations.a total of 97 representative samples of domestic and wild pig populations from the iberian peninsula, subjected to different levels of threat with e ... | 2013 | 24172017 |
| the hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi: cytoarchitecture, markers of neuronal function, principal cell numbers, and adult neurogenesis. | the brains of sengis (elephant shrews, order macroscelidae) have long been known to contain a hippocampus that in terms of allometric progression indices is larger than that of most primates and equal in size to that of humans. in this report, we provide descriptions of hippocampal cytoarchitecture in the eastern rock sengi (elephantulus myurus), of the distributions of hippocampal calretinin, calbindin, parvalbumin, and somatostatin, of principal neuron numbers, and of cell numbers related to p ... | 2013 | 24194702 |
| phylogenetic distinction of inos and ido function in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression in mammalian species. | mammalian mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) have been shown to be strongly immunosuppressive in both animal disease models and human clinical trials. we have reported that the key molecule mediating immunosuppression by mscs is species dependent: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) in human and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in mouse. in the present study, we isolated mscs from several mammalian species, each of a different genus, and investigated the involvement of ido and inos during msc-med ... | 2013 | 24162664 |
| comparison of cold crystalloid and colloid infusions for induction of therapeutic hypothermia in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. | large-volume cold intravenous infusion of crystalloids has been used for induction of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. however, the effectiveness of cold colloids has not been evaluated. therefore, we performed an experimental study to investigate the cooling effect of cold normal saline compared to colloid solution in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. | 2013 | 24131867 |
| corrosion casting of the subglottis following endotracheal tube intubation injury: a pilot study in yorkshire piglets. | subglottic stenosis can result from endotracheal tube injury. the mechanism by which this occurs, however, is not well understood. the purpose of this study was to examine the role of angiogenesis, hypoxia and ischemia in subglottic mucosal injury following endotracheal intubation. | 2013 | 24401165 |
| adhesion of human and animal escherichia coli strains in association with their virulence-associated genes and phylogenetic origins. | intestinal colonization is influenced by the ability of the bacterium to inhabit a niche, which is based on the expression of colonization factors. escherichia coli carries a broad range of virulence-associated genes (vags) which contribute to intestinal (invags) and extraintestinal (exvags) infection. moreover, initial evidence indicates that invags and exvags support intestinal colonization. we developed new screening tools to genotypically and phenotypically characterize e. coli isolates orig ... | 2013 | 23872574 |
| chimeric anti-cd14 igg2/4 hybrid antibodies for therapeutic intervention in pig and human models of inflammation. | cd14 is a key recognition molecule of innate immune responses, interacting with several tlrs. tlr signaling cross-talks extensively with the complement system, and combined cd14 and complement inhibition has been proved effective in attenuating inflammatory responses. pig models of human diseases have emerged as valuable tools to study therapeutic intervention, but suitable neutralizing abs are rare. undesired fc-mediated functions, such as platelet activation and il-8 release induced by the por ... | 2013 | 24062486 |
| morphological features of the porcine lacrimal gland and its compatibility for human lacrimal gland xenografting. | in this study, we present first data concerning the anatomical structure, blood supply and location of the lacrimal gland of the pig. our data indicate that the porcine lacrimal gland may serve as a potential xenograft candidate in humans or as an animal model for engineering of a bioartificial lacrimal gland tissue construct for clinical application. for this purpose, we used different macroscopic preparation techniques and digital reconstruction of the histological gland morphology to gain new ... | 2013 | 24069265 |
| scaffold-based delivery of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for mandibular distraction osteogenesis: preliminary studies in a porcine model. | bone regeneration through distraction osteogenesis (do) is promising but remarkably slow. to accelerate it, autologous mesenchymal stem cells have been directly injected to the distraction site in a few recent studies. compared to direct injection, a scaffold-based method can provide earlier cell delivery with potentially better controlled cell distribution and retention. this pilot project investigated a scaffold-based cell-delivery approach in a porcine mandibular do model. | 2013 | 24040314 |
| systemic cd14 inhibition attenuates organ inflammation in porcine escherichia coli sepsis. | sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. upstream recognition molecules, like cd14, play key roles in the pathogenesis. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of systemic cd14 inhibition on local inflammatory responses in organs from septic pigs. pigs (n = 34) receiving escherichia coli-bacteria or e. coli-lipopolysaccharide (lps) were treated with an anti-cd14 monoclonal antibody or an isotype-matched control. lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys ... | 2013 | 23774598 |
| the impact of breed and tissue compartment on the response of pig macrophages to lipopolysaccharide. | the draft genome of the domestic pig (sus scrofa) has recently been published permitting refined analysis of the transcriptome. pig breeds have been reported to differ in their resistance to infectious disease. in this study we examine whether there are corresponding differences in gene expression in innate immune cells | 2013 | 23984833 |
| use of domesticated pigs by mesolithic hunter-gatherers in northwestern europe. | mesolithic populations throughout europe used diverse resource exploitation strategies that focused heavily on collecting and hunting wild prey. between 5500 and 4200 cal bc, agriculturalists migrated into northwestern europe bringing a suite of neolithic technologies including domesticated animals. here we investigate to what extent mesolithic ertebølle communities in northern germany had access to domestic pigs, possibly through contact with neighbouring neolithic agricultural groups. we emplo ... | 0 | 23982268 |
| endocrine rhythms in the brown bear (ursus arctos): evidence supporting selection for decreased pineal gland size. | many temperate zone animals adapt to seasonal changes by altering their physiology. this is mediated in large part by endocrine signals that encode day length and regulate energy balance and metabolism. the objectives of this study were to determine if the daily patterns of two important hormones, melatonin and cortisol, varied with day length in captive brown bears (ursus arctos) under anesthetized and nonanesthetized conditions during the active (march-october) and hibernation periods. melaton ... | 2013 | 24303132 |
| encoding of situations in the vocal repertoire of piglets (sus scrofa): a comparison of discrete and graded classifications. | two important questions in bioacoustics are whether vocal repertoires of animals are graded or discrete and how the vocal expressions are linked to the context of emission. here we address these questions in an ungulate species. the vocal repertoire of young domestic pigs, sus scrofa, was quantitatively described based on 1513 calls recorded in 11 situations. we described the acoustic quality of calls with 8 acoustic parameters. based on these parameters, the k-means clustering method showed a p ... | 2013 | 23967251 |
| sirt1 inhibits akt2-mediated porcine adipogenesis potentially by direct protein-protein interaction. | compared with the rodent, the domestic pig is a much better animal model for studying adipogenesis and obesity-related diseases. currently, the role of akt2 and sirt1 in porcine adipogenesis remains elusive. in this study, we defined the effect of akt2 and sirt1 on porcine preadipocyte lipogenesis and the regulatory mechanism. first, we found that akt2 was widely expressed in porcine various tissues and at high level in adipose tissue. further analysis showed that the expression level of akt2 wa ... | 2013 | 23951196 |
| influence of sclerotomy use on vitreous incarceration in an experimental model of vitrectomized eye. | to evaluate the influence of sclerotomy use during vitrectomy (vitreous cutter, illumination probe, or infusion-line entrance) on postoperative vitreous incarceration using an experimental model of vitrectomized eye. | 2013 | 23983452 |
| cryptosporidium suis and cryptosporidium scrofarum in eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa) in central europe. | from 2011 to 2012, to identify cryptosporidium spp. occurrence in eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa) 29 randomly selected localities (both forest areas and enclosures) across the central european countries of austria, the czech republic, poland, and the slovak republic were investigated. cryptosporidium oocysts were microscopicaly detected in 11 out of 460 faecal samples examined using aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining. sixty-one cryptosporidium infections, including the 11 infections that wer ... | 2013 | 23916060 |
| new hosts of simplicimonas similis and trichomitus batrachorum identified by 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences. | trichomonads are obligate anaerobes generally found in the digestive and genitourinary tract of domestic animals. in this study, four trichomonad isolates were obtained from carabao, dog, and pig hosts using rectal swab. genomic dna was extracted using chelex method and the 18s rrna gene was successfully amplified through novel sets of primers and undergone dna sequencing. aligned isolate sequences together with retrieved 18s rrna gene sequences of known trichomonads were utilized to generate ph ... | 2013 | 23936631 |
| evolutionary dynamics of copy number variation in pig genomes in the context of adaptation and domestication. | copy number variable regions (cnvrs) can result in drastic phenotypic differences and may therefore be subject to selection during domestication. studying copy number variation in relation to domestication is highly relevant in pigs because of their very rich natural and domestication history that resulted in many different phenotypes. to investigate the evolutionary dynamic of cnvrs, we applied read depth method on next generation sequence data from 16 individuals, comprising wild boars and dom ... | 2013 | 23829399 |
| spargana in a weasel, mustela sibirica manchurica, and a wild boar, sus scrofa, from gangwon-do, korea. | to know the status of sparganum (plerocercoid of spirometra erinacei) infection in the korean wild life, several species of wild animals were captured in gangwon-do and examined for their status of infection with spargana. from february to december 2011, a total of 62 wild boars, 5 badgers, 1 weasel, 1 siberian chipmunk, and 53 wild rodents were captured, and their whole muscles were examined with naked eyes for the presence of spargana worms. from the weasel and 1 wild boar, a total of 5 sparga ... | 2013 | 23864753 |
| 3d organization of telomeres in porcine neutrophils and analysis of lps-activation effect. | while the essential role of 3d nuclear architecture on nuclear functions has been demonstrated for various cell types, information available for neutrophils, essential components of the immune system, remains limited. in this study, we analysed the spatial arrangements of telomeres which play a central role in cell fate. our studies were carried out in swine, which is an excellent model organism for both biomedical research and agronomic applications. we isolated bacterial artificial chromosome ... | 2013 | 23803152 |
| using na3po4 to enhance in vitro animal models of aortic valve calcification. | the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valvular disease (cavd) involves an active inflammatory process of valvular interstitial cells (vics) characterized by the activation of specific osteogenic signaling pathways and apoptosis. this process can be studied by analyzing certain molecular markers and gene expression pathways of spontaneous calcification. the purpose of our study is to investigate the role of sodium phosphate (na3po4) as a calcification promoter, with the aim of improving in vitro an ... | 0 | 27376093 |
| microbial biofilm community variation in flowing habitats: potential utility as bioindicators of postmortem submersion intervals. | biofilms are a ubiquitous formation of microbial communities found on surfaces in aqueous environments. these structures have been investigated as biomonitoring indicators for stream heath, and here were used for the potential use in forensic sciences. biofilm successional development has been proposed as a method to determine the postmortem submersion interval (pmsi) of remains because there are no standard methods for estimating the pmsi and biofilms are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats. we soug ... | 2016 | 27681897 |
| denosumab could be a potential inhibitor of valvular interstitial cells calcification in vitro. | denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody and novel antiresorptive agent that works by binding receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (rankl) and inhibiting the signaling cascade that causes osteoclast maturation, activity, and survival. we aimed to elucidate the effect of denosumab in the process of spontaneous and induced calcification in an in vitro porcine valvular interstitial cells (vics) model. | 0 | 27468412 |
| pharmacokinetics of 1-methyl-l-tryptophan after single and repeated subcutaneous application in a porcine model. | increased activity of the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is associated with immunological and neurological disorders, and inhibition of its enzyme activity could be a therapeutic approach for treatment of these disorders. the aim of the present study was to establish a large animal model to study the accumulation of the potential ido inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-mt) in blood and different organs of domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica). because 1-mt has not be ... | 2015 | 26725587 |
| evidence for adaptation of porcine toll-like receptors. | naturally endemic infectious diseases provide selective pressures for pig populations. toll-like receptors (tlrs) represent the first line of immune defense against pathogens and are likely to play a crucial adaptive role for pig populations. this study was done to determine whether wild and domestic pig populations representing diverse global environments demonstrate local tlr adaptation. the genomic sequence encoding the ectodomain, responsible for interacting with pathogen ligands of bacteria ... | 2015 | 26701185 |
| cumulative stress in research animals: telomere attrition as a biomarker in a welfare context? | progress in improving animal welfare is currently limited by the lack of objective methods for assessing lifetime experience. i propose that telomere attrition, a cellular biomarker of biological age, provides a molecular measure of cumulative experience that could be used to assess the welfare impact of husbandry regimes and/or experimental procedures on non-human animals. i review evidence from humans that telomere attrition is accelerated by negative experiences in a cumulative and dose-depen ... | 2015 | 26645576 |
| no evidence of gouléako and herbert virus infections in pigs, côte d'ivoire and ghana. | a recent report suggested that 2 novel bunyaviruses discovered in insects in côte d'ivoire caused lethal disease in swine in south korea. we conducted cell culture studies and tested serum from pigs exposed to mosquitoes in côte d'ivoire and ghana and found no evidence for infection in pigs. | 0 | 26583956 |
| one health, multiple challenges: the inter-species transmission of influenza a virus. | influenza a viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. influenza a viruses are unique in many ways. firstly, they are unique in the diversity of host species that they infect. this includes waterfowl (the original reservoir), terrestrial and aquatic poultry, swine, humans, horses, dog, cats, whales, seals and several other mammalian species. secondly, they are unique in their capacity to evolve and adapt, following crossing the species barrier, i ... | 0 | 26309905 |
| use of fish scale-derived biocornea to seal full-thickness corneal perforations in pig models. | the aim of this study was to test the use of biocornea, a fish scale-derived collagen matrix for sealing full-thickness corneal perforations in mini-pigs. two series of experiments were carried out in 8 lan-yu and 3 göttingen mini-pigs, respectively. a 2mm central full thickness corneal perforation was made with surgical scissors and 2mm trephines. the perforations were sealed immediately by suturing biocornea to the wounded cornea. the conditions of each patched cornea were followed-up daily fo ... | 2015 | 26599018 |
| simulating the distribution of individual livestock farms and their populations in the united states: an example using domestic swine (sus scrofa domesticus) farms. | livestock distribution in the united states (u.s.) can only be mapped at a county-level or worse resolution. we developed a spatial microsimulation model called the farm location and agricultural production simulator (flaps) that simulated the distribution and populations of individual livestock farms throughout the conterminous u.s. using domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) as an example species, we customized iterative proportional-fitting algorithms for the hierarchical structure of the u.s ... | 2015 | 26571497 |
| monoclonal antibodies to human butyrylcholinesterase reactive with butyrylcholinesterase in animal plasma. | five mouse anti-human butyrylcholinesterase (bche) monoclonal antibodies bind tightly to native human bche with nanomolar dissociation constants. pairing analysis in the octet system identified the monoclonal antibodies that bind to overlapping and independent epitopes on human bche. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 4 monoclonal antibodies are deposited in genbank. our goal was to determine which of the 5 monoclonal antibodies recognize bche in the plasma of animals. binding of monoclo ... | 2015 | 26585590 |
| the biarzo case in northern italy: is the temporal dynamic of swine mitochondrial dna lineages in europe related to domestication? | genetically-based reconstructions of the history of pig domestication in europe are based on two major pillars: 1) the temporal changes of mitochondrial dna lineages are related to domestication; 2) near eastern haplotypes which appeared and then disappeared in some sites across europe are genetic markers of the first near eastern domestic pigs. we typed a small but informative fragment of the mitochondrial dna in 23 sus scrofa samples from a site in north eastern italy (biarzo shelter) which pr ... | 2015 | 26549464 |
| interchangeability of electrocardiography and blood pressure measurement for determining heart rate and heart rate variability in free-moving domestic pigs in various behavioral contexts. | this study assessed the interchangeability between heart rate (hr) and heart rate variability (hrv) measures derived from a series of interbeat intervals (ibis) recorded via electrocardiogram (ecg) and intra-arterial blood pressure (bp) in various behavioral contexts. five minutes of simultaneously recorded ibis from ecg and bp signals in 11 female domestic pigs during resting, feeding, and active behavior were analyzed. comparisons were made for measures of hr, the standard deviation of ibis, a ... | 2015 | 26664979 |
| evidence for litter differences in play behaviour in pre-weaned pigs. | the aim of this study was to analyse spontaneous play behaviour in litters of domestic pigs (sus scrofa) for sources of variation at individual and litter levels and to relate variation in play to measures of pre and postnatal development. seven litters of commercially bred piglets (n = 70) were born (farrowed) within a penning system (pigsafe) that provided opportunities for the performance of spontaneous play behaviours. individual behaviour was scored based on an established play ethogram for ... | 0 | 26937060 |
| controlling of csfv in european wild boar using oral vaccination: a review. | classical swine fever (csf) is among the most detrimental diseases for the swine industry worldwide. infected wild boar populations can play a crucial role in csf epidemiology and controlling wild reservoirs is of utmost importance for preventing domestic outbreaks. oral mass vaccination (omv) has been implemented to control csf in wild boars and limit the spill over to domestic pigs. this retrospective overview of vaccination experiences illustrates the potential for that option. the c-strain l ... | 2015 | 26557109 |
| a novel colonoscope with panoramic visualization detected more simulated polyps than conventional colonoscopy in a live swine model. | the aer-o-scope™ colonoscope system (aos) combines panoramic 360° view with standard forward view. we assessed the aos's ability to identify lesions implanted in live swine, compared to conventional colonoscopy (cc). | 2015 | 26716128 |
| miniature swine as a clinically relevant model of graft-versus-host disease. | miniature swine provide a preclinical model of hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct) for studies of graft-versus-host disease. hct between mhc-matched or -mismatched pigs can be performed to mimic clinical scenarios with outcomes that closely resemble those observed in human hct recipients. with myeloablative conditioning, hct across mhc barriers is typically fatal, with pigs developing severe (grade iii or iv) gvhd involving the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. unlike rodent models, ... | 0 | 26473348 |
| osteochondrosis, but not lameness, is more frequent among free-range pigs than confined herd-mates. | organic pig production is expanding and amongst the objectives of organic farming are enhancing animal health and welfare. however, some studies have reported a higher prevalence of lameness and joint condemnation at slaughter in free-range/organic pigs than in conventionally raised pigs. organic slaughter pigs have free-range housing in which indoor and outdoor access is compulsory, while in conventional farming the pigs are commonly confined to indoor pens. the present study evaluated the effe ... | 2015 | 26416598 |
| the importance of the canonical wnt signaling pathway in the porcine endometrial stromal stem/progenitor cells: implications for regeneration. | the regenerative ability of the endometrium is strongly associated with the presence of adult stem/progenitor cells. purposes of the present study were (1) to establish the presence of stem/progenitor cells in porcine endometrial stroma using a clonogenic assay and (2) to investigate whether the canonical wnt pathway affects the potential of stem/progenitor cells to undergo self-renewal or differentiation. the utility of endometrial stromal clones as a model for stem/progenitor studies was evalu ... | 2015 | 26414529 |
| spatiotemporal trends in the discovery of new swine infectious agents. | a literature review was conducted to assess the spatiotemporal trend and diversity of infectious agents that were newly found in pigs between 1985 and 2010. we identified 173 new variants from 91 species, of which 73 species had not been previously described in pigs. these new species, of which one third was zoonotic, were taxonomically diverse. they were identified throughout the study period, predominantly in the main pork producing countries, with the rate of discovery of new virus variants d ... | 2015 | 26412219 |
| assessment of ttx-s and ttx-r action potential conduction along neurites of ngf and gdnf cultured porcine drg somata. | nine isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels (nav) have been characterized and in excitable tissues they are responsible for the initiation and conduction of action potentials. for primary afferent neurons residing in dorsal root ganglia (drg), individual neurons may express multiple nav isoforms extending the neuron's functional capabilities. since expression of nav isoforms can be differentially regulated by neurotrophic factors we have examined the functional consequences of exposure to eit ... | 2015 | 26407014 |
| signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and amino acid concentration in pig skeletal muscles depend on the dietary protein level, genotype and developmental stages. | muscle growth is regulated by the homeostatic balance of the biosynthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. to elucidate the molecular interactions among diet, pig genotype, and physiological stage, we examined the effect of dietary protein concentration, pig genotype, and physiological stages on amino acid (aa) pools, protein deposition, and related signaling pathways in different types of skeletal muscles. the study used 48 landrace pigs and 48 pure-bred bama mini-pigs assigned to each of 2 ... | 2015 | 26394157 |
| mitochondrial genome analyses suggest multiple trichuris species in humans, baboons, and pigs from different geographical regions. | the whipworms trichuris trichiura and trichuris suis are two parasitic nematodes of humans and pigs, respectively. although whipworms in human and non-human primates historically have been referred to as t. trichiura, recent reports suggest that several trichuris spp. are found in primates. | 2015 | 26367282 |
| genome-wide analysis of dna methylation in pigs using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. | dna methylation plays a major role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. although a few dna methylation profiling studies of porcine genome which is one of the important biomedical models for human diseases have been reported, the available data are still limited. we tried to study methylation patterns of diverse pig tissues as a study of the international swine methylome consortium to generate the swine reference methylome map to extensively evaluate the methylation profile of the pi ... | 2015 | 26358297 |
| the genetics of deafness in domestic animals. | although deafness can be acquired throughout an animal's life from a variety of causes, hereditary deafness, especially congenital hereditary deafness, is a significant problem in several species. extensive reviews exist of the genetics of deafness in humans and mice, but not for deafness in domestic animals. hereditary deafness in many species and breeds is associated with loci for white pigmentation, where the cochlear pathology is cochleo-saccular. in other cases, there is no pigmentation ass ... | 2015 | 26664958 |
| pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline free acid in male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) after subcutaneous administration. | trauma is a common sequela to agonistic social encounters in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), and veterinarians often prescribe antibiotics as part of a balanced treatment plan. long-acting, single-dose, injectable antibiotics for use in rhesus macaques are unavailable currently. ceftiofur crystalline free acid (ccfa) is a long-acting, single-dose, injectable third-generation cephalosporin that provides at least 7 d of ceftiofur therapeutic plasma concentrations in swine (sus scrofa domesticus) ... | 0 | 26424255 |
| comparison of heart rate and blood pressure with toe pinch and bispectral index for monitoring the depth of anesthesia in piglets. | determining depth of anesthesia (doa) is a clinical challenge in veterinary medicine, yet it is critical for the appropriate oversight of animals involved in potentially painful experimental procedures. here, we investigated various parameters used to monitor conscious awareness during surgical procedures and refined the application of noxious stimuli to anesthetized animals. specifically we used a common stimulus, a compressive toe pinch (tp), to determine physiologic changes that accompanied a ... | 0 | 26424252 |
| radionuclide therapy of unresectable tumors with avidinox and (90)y-biotindota: tongue cancer paradigm. | local treatment of unresectable tumors is challenging, particularly with radioactivity. current practice relies on external beam irradiation or on a variety of medical devices for brachytherapy. both approaches proved useful in controlling tumor growth, but are characterized by poor compliance of the patient, significant side-effects, high costs, and technological complexity, which hamper widespread use. the authors recently described a novel form of radionuclide therapy based on the oxidized fo ... | 2015 | 26167947 |
| urinary hepcidin levels in iron-deficient and iron-supplemented piglets correlate with hepcidin hepatic mrna and serum levels and with body iron status. | among livestock, domestic pig (sus scrofa) is a species, in which iron metabolism has been most intensively examined during last decade. the obvious reason for studying the regulation of iron homeostasis especially in young pigs is neonatal iron deficiency anemia commonly occurring in these animals. moreover, supplementation of essentially all commercially reared piglets with iron entails a need for monitoring the efficacy of this routine practice followed in the swine industry for several decad ... | 2015 | 26323096 |
| exploring evidence of positive selection reveals genetic basis of meat quality traits in berkshire pigs through whole genome sequencing. | natural and artificial selection following domestication has led to the existence of more than a hundred pig breeds, as well as incredible variation in phenotypic traits. berkshire pigs are regarded as having superior meat quality compared to other breeds. as the meat production industry seeks selective breeding approaches to improve profitable traits such as meat quality, information about genetic determinants of these traits is in high demand. however, most of the studies have been performed u ... | 2015 | 26289667 |
| effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on growth performance, carcass trait, meat quality, and plasma metabolites in pigs of different genotypes. | the protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes. | 2015 | 26279834 |
| increasing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow negatively affects left ventricular performance in a porcine model of cardiogenic shock. | the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between extracorporeal blood flow (ebf) and left ventricular (lv) performance during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va ecmo) therapy. | 2015 | 26275717 |
| hybrid-modality ocular imaging using a clinical ultrasound system and nanosecond pulsed laser. | hybrid optical modality imaging is a special type of multimodality imaging significantly used in the recent past in order to harness the strengths of different imaging methods as well as to furnish complementary information beyond that provided by any individual method. we present a hybrid-modality imaging system based on a commercial clinical ultrasound imaging (usi) system using a linear array ultrasound transducer (ust) and a tunable nanosecond pulsed laser as the source. the integrated syste ... | 2015 | 26835487 |
| genomic diversity and differentiation of a managed island wild boar population. | the evolution of island populations in natural systems is driven by local adaptation and genetic drift. however, evolutionary pathways may be altered by humans in several ways. the wild boar (wb) (sus scrofa) is an iconic game species occurring in several islands, where it has been strongly managed since prehistoric times. we examined genomic diversity at 49 803 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 99 sardinian wbs and compared them with 196 wild specimens from mainland europe and 105 domestic pig ... | 2015 | 26243137 |
| spontaneous dilated cardiomyopathy and right-sided heart failure as a differential diagnosis for hepatosis dietetica in a production pig. | an experimentally naïve 37.7-kg yorkshire-crossbred gilt died unexpectedly 2 d after arrival. necropsy revealed severe dilated cardiomyopathy characterized grossly by markedly dilated ventricles and thinned ventricular walls and interventricular septum. histologically there was multifocal myofiber attenuation and patchy loss of myofiber cross striations. the liver contained submassive to massive, diffuse hepatic centrilobular hemorrhage and degeneration. these lesions supported a diagnosis of di ... | 0 | 26310462 |
| disease risks associated with free-ranging wild boar in saskatchewan. | this study investigated the disease status of saskatchewan's feral wild boar population. whole carcasses, tissue samples, and/or serum from 81 hunter-killed boars from saskatchewan were submitted to the canadian wildlife health cooperative (cwhc) between 2009 and 2014. serological tests were negative for prrs, h1n1, and h3n2 swine influenza, pcv-2, and tge/prcv in 22/22 boars and for toxoplasma gondii and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 20/20 boars. of 20 boars whose sera were tested 20 were positiv ... | 0 | 26246630 |
| mechanistic insights into glucan phosphatase activity against polyglucan substrates. | glucan phosphatases are central to the regulation of starch and glycogen metabolism. plants contain two known glucan phosphatases, starch excess4 (sex4) and like sex four2 (lsf2), which dephosphorylate starch. starch is water-insoluble and reversible phosphorylation solubilizes its outer surface allowing processive degradation. vertebrates contain a single known glucan phosphatase, laforin, that dephosphorylates glycogen. in the absence of laforin, water-soluble glycogen becomes insoluble, leadi ... | 2015 | 26231210 |
| the evolution of stomach acidity and its relevance to the human microbiome. | gastric acidity is likely a key factor shaping the diversity and composition of microbial communities found in the vertebrate gut. we conducted a systematic review to test the hypothesis that a key role of the vertebrate stomach is to maintain the gut microbial community by filtering out novel microbial taxa before they pass into the intestines. we propose that species feeding either on carrion or on organisms that are close phylogenetic relatives should require the most restrictive filter (meas ... | 2015 | 26222383 |
| hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activities in three mammalian species: aquatic (mirounga angustirostris), semi-aquatic (lontra longicaudis annectens) and terrestrial (sus scrofa). | aquatic and semiaquatic mammals have the capacity of breath hold (apnea) diving. northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) have the ability to perform deep and long duration dives; during a routine dive, adults can hold their breath for 25 min. neotropical river otters (lontra longicaudis annectens) can hold their breath for about 30 s. such periods of apnea may result in reduced oxygen concentration (hypoxia) and reduced blood supply (ischemia) to tissues. production of adenosine 5'-tri ... | 2015 | 26283971 |
| an mrna vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein induces protection against lethal infection in mice and correlates of protection in adult and newborn pigs. | rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease of the central nervous system (cns). in unvaccinated or untreated subjects, rabies virus infection causes severe neurological symptoms and is invariably fatal. despite the long-standing existence of effective vaccines, vaccine availability remains insufficient, with high numbers of fatal infections mostly in developing countries. nucleic acid based vaccines have proven convincingly as a new technology for the fast development of vaccines against newly emer ... | 2016 | 27336830 |
| improved bleeding scores using gelfoam(®) powder with incremental concentrations of bovine thrombin in a swine liver lesion model. | topical hemostatic agents are used intra-operatively to prevent uncontrolled bleeding. gelfoam(®) powder contains a hemostatic agent prepared from purified pork skin gelatin, the efficacy of which is increased when combined with thrombin. however, the effect of increasing concentrations of thrombin on resultant hemostasis is not known. this study sought to evaluate the ability of various concentrations of thrombin in combination with gelfoam powder to control bleeding using a swine liver lesion ... | 0 | 27334382 |
| cross-reactivity of porcine immunoglobulin a antibodies with fecal immunoglobulins of wild boar (sus scrofa) and other animal species. | fecal samples obtained from wild boar habitats are useful for the surveillance of diseases in wild boar populations; however, it is difficult to determine the species of origin of feces collected in natural habitats. in this study, a fecal iga elisa was evaluated as a method for identifying the porcine species from fecal samples. both domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica) and wild boars (sus scrofa coreanus) showed significantly higher levels of fecal iga than other animal species. additionally, ... | 2016 | 27340389 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves survival in a novel 24-hour pig model of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is increasingly being used to treat severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). however, there is limited clinical evidence about how to optimize the technique. experimental research can provide an alternative to fill the actual knowledge gap. the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an animal model of acute lung injury (ali) which resembled severe ards, and which could be successfully supported with ecmo. eighteen pigs were r ... | 2016 | 27398166 |
| reconstructing jaw defects with mscs and plga-encapsulated growth factors. | cell and growth factor-based tissue engineering has shown great potentials for skeletal regeneration. this study tested its feasibility in reconstructing large mandibular defects and compared the efficacy of varied construction materials and sealing methods. bilateral mandibular critical-size (5-cm(3)) defects were created on six 4-month-old domestic pigs, and grafted with β-tricalcium phosphate (βtcp) only (group-a), βtcp with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs) (gro ... | 2016 | 27398152 |
| honest signaling in domestic piglets (sus scrofa domesticus): vocal allometry and the information content of grunt calls. | the information conveyed in acoustic signals is a central topic in mammal vocal communication research. body size is one form of information that can be encoded in calls. acoustic allometry aims to identify the specific acoustic correlates of body size within the vocalizations of a given species, and formants are often a useful acoustic cue in this context. we conducted a longitudinal investigation of acoustic allometry in domestic piglets (sus scrofa domesticus), asking whether formants of grun ... | 2016 | 27059064 |
| identification of bapa in strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from wild animals kept in captivity in sinaloa, mexico. | bapa, previously named stm2689, encodes the bapa protein, which, along with cellulose and fimbriae, constitutes biofilms. biofilms are communities of microorganisms that grow in a matrix of exopolysaccharides and may adhere to living tissues or inert surfaces. biofilm formation is associated with the ability to persist in different environments, which contributes to the pathogenicity of several species. we analyzed the presence of bapa in 83 strains belonging to 17 serovars of salmonella enteric ... | 2016 | 27379195 |
| foraging choices of vampire bats in diverse landscapes: potential implications for land-use change and disease transmission. | in latin america, the common vampire bat desmodus rotundus is the primary reservoir of rabies, a zoonotic virus that kills thousands of livestock annually and causes sporadic and lethal human rabies outbreaks. the proliferation of livestock provides an abundant food resource for this obligate blood-feeding species that could alter its foraging behaviour and rabies transmission, but poor understanding of the dietary plasticity of vampire bats limits understanding of how livestock influences rabie ... | 2016 | 27499553 |
| elemental analysis of bone, teeth, horn and antler in different animal species using non-invasive handheld x-ray fluorescence. | mineralized tissues accumulate elements that play crucial roles in animal health. although elemental content of bone, blood and teeth of human and some animal species have been characterized, data for many others are lacking, as well as species comparisons. here we describe the distribution of elements in horn (bovidae), antler (cervidae), teeth and bone (humerus) across a number of species determined by handheld x-ray fluorescence (xrf) to better understand differences and potential biological ... | 2016 | 27196603 |
| the relationship between mitochondrial dna haplotype and the reproductive capacity of domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus). | the maternally inherited mitochondrial genome encodes key proteins of the electron transfer chain, which produces the vast majority of cellular atp. mitochondrial dna (mtdna) present in the mature oocyte acts as a template for all mtdna that is replicated during development to meet the specific energy requirements of each tissue. individuals that share a maternal lineage cluster into groupings known as mtdna haplotypes. mtdna haplotypes confer advantages and disadvantages to an organism and this ... | 2016 | 27188709 |
| diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is the etiological agent of one of the most infectious diseases of domestic dogs, also known as a highly prevalent viral infectious disease of carnivores and posing a conservation threat to endangered species around the world. to get a better panorama of cdv infection in different orders, a retrospective and documental systematic review of the role of cdv in different non-dog hosts was conducted. the bibliographical data were collected from medline/pubmed and scopus ... | 2016 | 27170307 |
| abstract: prs psrc podium proofs 2016. | | 2016 | 27867775 |
| radiographic morphometry of the lumbar spine in munich miniature pigs. | the incidence of human spinal column disease remains high, and animal models still play important roles in prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic research. because of their similar size to humans, pigs remain an important spine model. for pigs to serve as a model for the human spine, basic similarities and differences must be understood. in this study, morphometric data of the lumbar spine of munich miniature pigs (troll) were recorded radiologically, evaluated, and compared with recorded hum ... | 0 | 27177570 |
| meiotic recombination analyses in pigs carrying different balanced structural chromosomal rearrangements. | correct pairing, synapsis and recombination between homologous chromosomes are essential for normal meiosis. all these events are strongly regulated, and our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in this regulation is increasing rapidly. chromosomal rearrangements are known to disturb these processes. in the present paper, synapsis and recombination (number and distribution of mlh1 foci) were studied in three boars (sus scrofa domestica) carrying different chromosomal rearrangements. one (t34he) ... | 2016 | 27124413 |
| molecular microevolution and epigenetic patterns of the long non-coding gene h19 show its potential function in pig domestication and breed divergence. | the domestic pig sus scrofa domesticus originated from the wild boar s. scrofa about 10,000 years ago. during domestication, drastic morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes developed between domestic pigs and wild boars through artificial and natural selection. the long non-coding rna (lncrna) h19, which is located within the imprinting gene cluster h19-igf2, plays an important role in regulating muscle development in humans and mice. this study systematically analyzed the molecular ... | 2016 | 27107967 |
| screening of bcl-2 associated x protein gene polymorphism associated with scrotal hernia in domesticated swine using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | this study was conducted to screen scrotal hernia in domesticated swine from selected breeders in the philippines. this defect is associated with a cytosine to thymine mutation in the bcl-2 associated x protein (bax) gene of swine. | 2016 | 27165023 |