| [trans cutaneous infection of newborn rats and mice with plasmodium berghei]. | | 1951 | 14905669 |
| [study of the different routes of experimental inoculation of plasmodium berghei in albino rats and mice]. | | 1951 | 14905670 |
| [production of congenital malaria in the rat and mouse by placental passage of plasmodium berghei]. | | 1951 | 14905671 |
| [serological study of experimental plasmodium berghei infection in white rat; quantitative variations of sensitizor and alexin during the disease]. | | 1951 | 14905723 |
| the course of the blood-induced plasmodium berghei infection in white rats. | | 1951 | 14908565 |
| complete sporogenic development of plasmodium berghei in experimentally infected anopheles spp. | | 1951 | 14910642 |
| parasitic recrudescences in trophozoite-induced plasmodium berghei infections in the albino rat. | | 1951 | 14915458 |
| pathological processes in disease. iii. the oxygen uptake of blood from albino rats infected with plasmodium berghei. | | 1951 | 14915463 |
| [intracardiac inoculation of plasmodium berghei; technique and evaluation of method]. | | 1951 | 14926172 |
| [intracardiac reinoculation with plasmodium berghei in rats recovered from prior infection]. | | 1951 | 14926173 |
| [massive, intraperitoneal inoculation with plasmodium berghei in white rats]. | | 1951 | 14926174 |
| cortisone and plasmodium berghei infection in mice. | | 1952 | 14929234 |
| [on the long duration of latent metacritic infection in experimental malaria of plasmodium berghei in north african meriones]. | | 1951 | 14934327 |
| [innate resistance of guinea pig to plasmodium berghei malaria of rodents]. | | 1951 | 14934328 |
| cyclical transmission of plasmodium berghei in the laboratory. | | 1952 | 14941077 |
| [the possibility of preserving trypanosoma congolense and plasmodium berghei at -70 degrees c]. | | 1952 | 14945110 |
| synergistic effect of haemobartonella muris on plasmodium berghei in white rats. | | 1952 | 14952697 |
| [the development of plasmodium berghei in the atroparvus variant of anopheles maculipennis]. | | 1952 | 14953087 |
| studies on plasmodium berghei n. sp. vincke and lips, 1948. iii. latency, relapse and immunity in albino rats with blood-induced infections. | | 1951 | 14955278 |
| studies on plasmodium berghei n. sp. vincke and lips, 1948. iv. the reaction of blood-induced p. berghei in albino mice to quinine and sulphadiazine. | | 1951 | 14955279 |
| glutathione is involved in the antimalarial action of chloroquine and its modulation affects drug sensitivity of human and murine species of plasmodium. | ferriprotoporphyrin ix (fp) is released inside the food vacuole of the malaria parasite during the digestion of host cell hemoglobin. fp is detoxified by its biomineralization to hemozoin. this process is effectively inhibited by chloroquine (cq) and amodiaquine (aq). undegraded fp accumulates in the membrane fraction and inhibits enzymes of infected cells in parallel with parasite killing. fp is demonstrably degraded by reduced glutathione (gsh) in a radical-mediated mechanism. this degradation ... | 2003 | 14962364 |
| double-drug development against antioxidant enzymes from plasmodium falciparum. | new drugs against malaria are urgently and continuously needed. plasmodium parasites are exposed to higher fluxes of reactive oxygen species and need high activities of intracellular antioxidant systems. a most important antioxidative system consists of (di)thiols which are recycled by disulfide reductases (dr), namely both glutathione reductases (gr) of the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum and man, and the thioredoxin reductase (trxr) of p. falciparum. the aim of our interdisciplinary re ... | 2003 | 14962365 |
| a common cross-species function for the double epidermal growth factor-like modules of the highly divergent plasmodium surface proteins msp-1 and msp-8. | an understanding of structural and functional constraints on the c-terminal double epidermal growth factor (egf)-like modules of merozoite surface protein (msp)-1 and related proteins is of importance to the development of these molecules as malaria vaccines and drug targets. using allelic replacement, we show that plasmodium falciparum parasites can invade erythrocytes and grow efficiently in the absence of an msp-1 protein with authentic msp-1 egf domains. in this mutant parasite line, the msp ... | 2004 | 14976193 |
| enhanced cd8+ t cell immune responses and protection elicited against plasmodium berghei malaria by prime boost immunization regimens using a novel attenuated fowlpox virus. | sterile immunity can be provided against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria by ifn-gamma-secreting cd8(+) t cells that recognize parasite-infected hepatocytes. in this study, we have investigated the use of attenuated fowlpox virus (fpv) strains as recombinant vaccine vectors for eliciting cd8(+) t cells against plasmodium berghei. the gene encoding the p. berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) protein was inserted into an fpv vaccine strain licensed for use in chickens, webster's fpv, and the nove ... | 2004 | 14978115 |
| synthesis and blood-schizontocidal antimalarial activities of 2-substituted/2,5-disubstituted-8-quinolinamines and some of their amino acid conjugates. | thirteen new analogues (32-40, 45-48) of recently discovered potent blood-schizontocidal antimalarial agent, 2-tert-butylprimaquine (2) are synthesized and evaluated for in vivo antimalarial activities against drug-sensitive p. berghei strain and multi-drug resistant p. yoelii nigeriensis strain. two of the amino acid conjugates (47-48) have exhibited potent antimalarial activities similar to that of 2 against both drug-sensitive and multi-drug resistant strains. | 2004 | 14980613 |
| antimalarial activity of phenazines from lapachol, beta-lapachone and its derivatives against plasmodium falciparum in vitro and plasmodium berghei in vivo. | the antimalarial activity of benzo[a]phenazines synthesized from 1,2-naphthoquinone, lapachol, beta-lapachone and several derivatives have been tested against plasmodium falciparum in vitro using isolates of parasites with various susceptibilities to chloroquine and/or mefloquine. parasite growth in the presence of the test drugs was measured by incorporation of [(3)h]-hipoxanthine in comparison to controls with no drugs, always testing in parallel chloroquine, a standard antimalarial. among sev ... | 2004 | 14980653 |
| pathogenic role of p-selectin in experimental cerebral malaria: importance of the endothelial compartment. | p-selectin is a leukocyte adhesion receptor expressed on the surface of activated platelets and endothelial cells. its role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria was explored in a murine model of cerebral malaria. infection of mice with plasmodium berghei anka led to p-selectin up-regulation in brain vessels of cerebral malaria-susceptible mice but not of cerebral malaria-resistant mice. treatment of susceptible mice with anti-mouse p-selectin mab failed to prevent the development of the neuro ... | 2004 | 14982832 |
| laboratory evaluation of the ict malaria p.f./p.v. immunochromatographic test for detecting the panmalarial antigen using a rodent malaria model. | we evaluated the ict malaria p.f./p.v. immunochromatographic test for the detection of the panmalarial antigen (pma) using a rodent malaria model. mice were infected with plasmodium berghei by mosquito bite, and blood was examined by microscopy and the ict test. treatment with artemether was started when the parasite density exceeded 70,000/microl. the ict pma band appeared when the parasite density was more than 2,000/microl, but it continued to be positive after the parasitemia became negative ... | 2004 | 14993624 |
| orally active antimalarials: hydrolytically stable derivatives of 10-trifluoromethyl anhydrodihydroartemisinin. | new fluoroartemisinin derivatives containing polar or water-soluble functionalities at c-16 (11a-j, 12a-g) were synthesized using the key intermediate 16-bromo-10-trifluoromethyl anhydrodihydroartemisinin 10. the substitution reaction from 10 was more selective than that from the nonfluorinated parent bromide; the allylic bromide 10 underwent no allylic rearrangement and provided only nucleophilic substitution products in high yields with n-, o-, and c-nucleophiles. among them, amines 11a-c appe ... | 2004 | 14998331 |
| ptramp; a conserved plasmodium thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein. | a gene encoding a 352 amino acid protein with a putative signal sequence, transmembrane domain and thrombospondin structural homology repeat was identified in the genome of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei. the protein localises in the apical organelles of p. falciparum and p. berghei merozoites within intraerythrocytic schizonts and has, therefore, been termed the plasmodium thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein (ptr ... | 2004 | 15003842 |
| brain gene expression, metabolism, and bioenergetics: interrelationships in murine models of cerebral and noncerebral malaria. | malaria infection can cause cerebral symptoms without parasite invasion of brain tissue. we examined the relationships between brain biochemistry, bioenergetics, and gene expression in murine models of cerebral (plasmodium berghei anka) and noncerebral (p. berghei k173) malaria using multinuclear nmr spectroscopy, neuropharmacological approaches, and real-time rt-pcr. in cerebral malaria caused by p. berghei anka infection, we found biochemical changes consistent with increased glutamatergic act ... | 2004 | 15003995 |
| complement-like protein tep1 is a determinant of vectorial capacity in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | anopheles mosquitoes are major vectors of human malaria in africa. large variation exists in the ability of mosquitoes to serve as vectors and to transmit malaria parasites, but the molecular mechanisms that determine vectorial capacity remain poorly understood. we report that the hemocyte-specific complement-like protein tep1 from the mosquito anopheles gambiae binds to and mediates killing of midgut stages of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. the dsrna knockdown of tep1 in adults ... | 2004 | 15006349 |
| plasmodium berghei parasite transformed with green fluorescent protein for screening blood schizontocidal agents. | high priority has been given to new assays that facilitate and accelerate the development of novel antimalarial compounds. unlike evaluation of drugs in vitro, in which new approaches have been used to expedite identification of parasites, the conventional in vivo murine assay requires determination of parasitemia by light microscopy, an incompatible technique to test large numbers of drugs. we have investigated the possibility of using an autonomously fluorescent plasmodium berghei strain, stab ... | 2004 | 15013738 |
| isonicotinic acid hydrazide: an anti-tuberculosis drug inhibits malarial transmission in the mosquito gut. | we studied the transmission-blocking effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh), a widely used anti-tuberculosis drug, against plasmodium gallinaceum and plasmodium berghei. inh-treatment of infected animals did not inhibit parasite development in the blood of the vertebrate host, but did inhibit exflagellation, ookinete formation, and oocyst development in the mosquito. oocyst development was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. the ed(50) in the p. gallinaceum/chicken/aedes aegypti model and ... | 2004 | 15013786 |
| transcriptional profiling reveals suppressed erythropoiesis, up-regulated glycolysis, and interferon-associated responses in murine malaria. | the primary pathophysiological events contributing to fatal malaria are the cerebral syndrome, anemia, and lactic acidosis. the molecular basis of each event has been unclear. in the present study, microarray analysis of murine transcriptional responses during the development of severe disease revealed temporal, organ-specific, and pathway-specific patterns. more than 400 genes in the brain and 600 genes in the spleen displayed transcriptional changes. dominant patterns revealed strongly suppres ... | 2004 | 15031794 |
| parasitology. new ways to control malaria. | | 2004 | 15044794 |
| effects of mosquito genes on plasmodium development. | malaria parasites must complete a complex developmental cycle in an anopheles mosquito vector before transmission to a vertebrate host. sexual development of the parasite in the midgut is initiated in the lumen immediately after the mosquito ingests infected blood, and the resulting ookinetes must traverse the surrounding epithelial layer before transforming into oocysts. the innate immune system of the mosquito is activated during midgut invasion, but to date, no evidence has been published ide ... | 2004 | 15044804 |
| efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intravenous nanocapsule formulations of halofantrine in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a new parenteral formulation of halofantrine were studied in mice infected with plasmodium berghei. the formulation consisted of nanocapsules with an oily core, prepared from either poly(d,l-lactide) (pla) homopolymer or pla that was surface modified with grafted polyethylene glycol chains. they were compared with a previously described intravenous halofantrine preparation. no toxic effects were observed with halofantrine in form of nanocapsules after intrave ... | 2004 | 15047523 |
| ctla-4-dependent mechanisms prevent t cell induced-liver pathology during the erythrocyte stage of plasmodium berghei malaria. | during the course of malaria several organs develop pathology. frequently also signs of hepatocyte damage are found. in the present work we studied the mechanisms leading to liver pathology during the erythrocyte stage of plasmodium berghei malaria. during infection, mice developed an inflammation of the liver, associated with infiltration of t cells, although only little tissue damage could be observed. histological analysis revealed the presence of ctl-associated antigen-4 (ctla-4)-positive t ... | 2004 | 15048707 |
| fitness of anopheline mosquitoes expressing transgenes that inhibit plasmodium development. | one potential strategy for the control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases is the introduction into wild vector populations of genetic constructs that reduce vectorial capacity. an important caveat of this approach is that the genetic construct should have minimal fitness cost to the transformed vector. previously, we produced transgenic anopheles stephensi expressing either of two effector genes, a tetramer of the sm1 dodecapeptide or the phospholipase a2 gene (pla2) from honeybee venom. ... | 2004 | 15082552 |
| contribution of cd1d-unrestricted hepatic dx5+ nkt cells to liver injury in plasmodium berghei-parasitized erythrocyte-injected mice. | inoculation with erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei, a protozoan causing mouse lethal malaria, induces liver injury in mice, although the parasite cannot invade host hepatocytes at this infectious stage. as previously reported, hepatic infiltrates participate in this liver injury by exerting their perforin-dependent killing action. here, we have investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying p. berghei-induced incidental liver injury. hepatic lymphocytes from p. berghei-infected mice ... | 2004 | 15096477 |
| comparative study of brain cd8+ t cells induced by sporozoites and those induced by blood-stage plasmodium berghei anka involved in the development of cerebral malaria. | to obtain insight into the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of plasmodium infections, we developed an improved rodent model that mimics human malaria closely by inducing cerebral malaria (cm) through sporozoite infection. we used this model to carry out a detailed study on isolated t cells recruited from the brains of mice during the development of cm. we compared several aspects of the immune response related to the experimental model of plasmodium berghei anka infection induced b ... | 2004 | 15102792 |
| [studies on the antigens of invasive stages of plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium berghei]. | to detect the rhoptry and surface proteins of invasive stages of plasmodium yoelii and p. berghei with monoclonal antibodies. | 2003 | 15108514 |
| fluoroartemisinin: trifluoromethyl analogues of artemether and artesunate. | the synthesis of a series of c-10 trifluoromethyl ethers of artemisinin has been achieved from key bromide 8, itself carried out in two steps from artemisinin. the substitution of 8 with methanol, ethanol, or succinic acid allowed the access of c-10 cf(3) analogues of beta-artemether, beta-arteether, or artesunate, respectively, in good yields (up to 89%). the presence of the cf(3) group at c-10 of artemisinin clearly increased the chemical stability under simulated stomach acid conditions. for ... | 2004 | 15115411 |
| identification and activity of a series of azole-based compounds with lactate dehydrogenase-directed anti-malarial activity. | plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, relies extensively on glycolysis coupled with homolactic fermentation during its blood-borne stages for energy production. selective inhibitors of the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), central to nad(+) regeneration, therefore potentially provide a route to new antimalarial drugs directed against a novel molecular target. a series of heterocyclic, azole-based compounds are described that preferentially inhibit p. falciparum ldh at sub-mi ... | 2004 | 15117937 |
| calcium and a calcium-dependent protein kinase regulate gamete formation and mosquito transmission in a malaria parasite. | transmission of malaria parasites to mosquitoes is initiated by the obligatory sexual reproduction of the parasite within the mosquito bloodmeal. differentiation of specialized transmission stages, the gametocytes, into male and female gametes is induced by a small mosquito molecule, xanthurenic acid (xa). using a plasmodium berghei strain expressing a bioluminescent calcium sensor, we show that xa triggers a rapid rise in cytosolic calcium specifically in gametocytes that is essential for their ... | 2004 | 15137943 |
| orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase exist as multienzyme complex in human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most lethal form of human malaria, totally depends on de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (oprt) and orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ompdc), the fifth and sixth enzymes in the pathway catalyzing formation of uridine 5'-monophosphate (ump), remain largely uncharacterized in the protozoan parasite. in this study, we achieved purification of oprt and ompdc to near homogeneity from p. falciparum cultiv ... | 2004 | 15147974 |
| malaria: the calcium connection. | | 2004 | 15152234 |
| bioimmunotherapy of rodent malaria: co-treatment with recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and an enkephalin fragment peptide tyr-gly-gly. | we have earlier shown that recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmgm-csf) and methionine-enkephalin co-treatment can protect mice from malaria. we now report the bioimmunotherapeutic effect of rmgm-csf and a synthetic enkephalin fragment peptide tyr-gly-gly (tgg) co-treatment on blood-induced plasmodium berghei infection in swiss mice. mice were completely aparasitimic following co-treatment with rmgm-csf (10.0 microg/kg) and tgg (2.0 mg/kg x 3 per day, intraperito ... | 2004 | 15158686 |
| t cell receptor-ligand interactions: a conformational preequilibrium or an induced fit. | kinetic parameters of t cell receptor (tcr) interactions with its ligand have been proposed to control t cell activation. analysis of kinetic data obtained has so far produced conflicting insights; here, we offer a consideration of this problem. as a model system, association and dissociation of a soluble tcr (st1) and its specific ligand, an azidobenzoic acid derivative of the peptide syipsaek-(aba)i (residues 252-260 from plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein), bound to class i mhc h-2k( ... | 2004 | 15178754 |
| new evidences of antimalarial activity of bidens pilosa roots extract correlated with polyacetylene and flavonoids. | bidens pilosa is among the several plants used in brazil to treat malaria. it was demonstrated that crude extracts from roots prepared with 80% ethanol by percolation are active in vitro against plasmodium falciparum and the activity is correlated with the presence of polyacetylene and flavonoids. this extract was submitted to column chromatography with ether and ether methanol (1:1) and two fractions, enriched in polyacetylene and flavonoids, respectively, were obtained. the extract and the fra ... | 2004 | 15182902 |
| ectopic expression of a cecropin transgene in the human malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae): effects on susceptibility to plasmodium. | genetically altering the disease vector status of insects using recombinant dna technologies is being considered as an alternative to eradication efforts. manipulating the endogenous immune response of mosquitoes such as the temporal and special expression of antimicrobial peptides like cecropin may result in a refractory phenotype. using transgenic technology a unique pattern of expression of cecropin a (ceca) in anopheles gambiae was created such that ceca was expressed beginning 24 h after a ... | 2004 | 15185949 |
| real-time, in vivo analysis of malaria ookinete locomotion and mosquito midgut invasion. | invasion of the anopheles mosquito midgut by the plasmodium ookinete is a critical step in the malaria transmission cycle. we have generated a fluorescent p. berghei transgenic line that expresses gfp in the ookinete and oocyst stages, and used it to perform the first real-time analysis of midgut invasion in the living mosquito as well as in explanted intact midguts whose basolateral plasma membranes were vitally stained. these studies permitted detailed analysis of parasite motile behaviour in ... | 2004 | 15186403 |
| imaging movement of malaria parasites during transmission by anopheles mosquitoes. | malaria is contracted when plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated into the vertebrate host during the blood meal of a mosquito. in infected mosquitoes, sporozoites are present in large numbers in the secretory cavities of the salivary glands at the most distal site of the salivary system. however, how sporozoites move through the salivary system of the mosquito, both in resting and feeding mosquitoes, is unknown. here, we observed fluorescent plasmodium berghei sporozoites within live anopheles s ... | 2004 | 15186404 |
| comparative and functional genomics of the innate immune system in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | in much of africa, the mosquito anopheles gambiae is the major vector of human malaria, a devastating infectious disease caused by plasmodium parasites. vector and parasite interact at multiple stages and locations, and the nature and effectiveness of this reciprocal interaction determines the success of transmission. many of the interactions engage the mosquito's innate immunity, a primitive but very effective defense system. in some cases, the mosquito kills the parasite, thus blocking the tra ... | 2004 | 15199960 |
| neuropeptide-containing cells in the cortex and striatum of mice with cerebral malaria. | central nervous system tissue of mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka (pba) exhibits similar histopathological features to those in post-mortem human cerebral malaria (cm) tissue. in this study, the neurochemical characteristics of pba-infected and control mice were compared. substance p-containing neurones were almost completely lost from the cortex and striatum of pba-infected mice seven days after inoculation, whereas the intensity of calbindin immunolabelling was increased compared wit ... | 2003 | 15206748 |
| recent developments in marine indole alkaloid synthesis. | the manzamine alkaloids such as manzamine a, b, and c belongs to a unique family of cyctotoxic beta-carbline linked azacycles, which have been isolated from several marine sponges. manzamine a has recently been shown to exhibit in vivo antimalarial activity against parasite plasmodium berghei. further progress was added recently by the isolation of the new and closely related members such as nakadomarin a, as well as an ingenious proposal for their biosynthetic pathway. martefragin a, isolated f ... | 2003 | 15206780 |
| short report: lethal malaria in cytosolic phospholipase a2- and phospholipase a2iia-deficient mice. | lipid mediators play important roles in the pathogenesis of malaria. phospholipase a2s are enzymes involved in the production of these mediators, and they function in inflammation. among them, cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, the first intermediate in the production of lipid mediators. plasmodium berghei anka causes cerebral malaria in cl57b/6 mice, and we recently produced cpla2-deficient mice with this background. with the expectation of ... | 2004 | 15211007 |
| a small peptide (cel-1000) derived from the beta-chain of the human major histocompatibility complex class ii molecule induces complete protection against malaria in an antigen-independent manner. | cel-1000 (dgqeekagvvstgliggg) is a novel potential preventative and therapeutic agent. we report that cel-1000 confers a high degree of protection against plasmodium sporozoite challenge in a murine model of malaria, as shown by the total absence of blood stage infection following challenge with 100 sporozoites (100% protection) and by a substantial reduction (400-fold) of liver stage parasite rna following challenge with 50,000 sporozoites. cel-1000 protection was demonstrated in a/j (h-2(a)) a ... | 2004 | 15215094 |
| the mb2 gene family of plasmodium species has a unique combination of s1 and gtp-binding domains. | identification and characterization of novel plasmodium gene families is necessary for developing new anti-malarial therapeutics. the products of the plasmodium falciparum gene, mb2, were shown previously to have a stage-specific pattern of subcellular localization and proteolytic processing. | 2004 | 15222903 |
| progress in dna-based heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies for malaria. | an effective vaccine against malaria is urgently required to relieve the immense human suffering and mortality caused by this parasite. a successful subunit vaccine against the liver stage of malaria will require the induction of high levels of protective t cells. despite success in small animal models, dna vaccines fail to induce strong cellular immune responses in humans. however, dna vaccines can induce a t-cell response that can be strongly boosted by recombinant viral vectors. we have evalu ... | 2004 | 15233731 |
| increased parasitaemia and delayed parasite clearance in schistosoma mansoni and plasmodium berghei co-infected mice. | identifying factors that contribute to malaria susceptibility, severity and treatment failure remains one of the major research areas in malaria control strategies. in the present study, we superinfected schistosoma mansoni infected mice with a lethal strain plasmodium berghei anka to assess whether or not infection with s. mansoni affects parasite development, parasitaemia and parasite reduction or clearance following antimalarial treatment. mice infected with p. berghei alone were used as cont ... | 2004 | 15234665 |
| antimalarial activities of tithonia diversifolia (asteraceae) and crossopteryx febrifuga (rubiaceae) on mice in vivo. | ethanolic extracts of the aerial part of tithonia diversifolia and the stem bark of crossopteryx febrifuga were investigated against early, residual (repository) and established malaria infections in vivo using swiss albino mice at a dose range of 50-400 mg/kg per day. chloroquine at 5 mg/kg per day was used as the positive control for the early and established infections while pyrimethamine at 1.2 3/kg per day was used as the positive control for the residual infection test. dose dependent chem ... | 2004 | 15234749 |
| mosquito--malaria interactions: a reappraisal of the concepts of susceptibility and refractoriness. | this paper considers the available literature on the transmission of malaria by insects and concludes that, in contrast to the commonly held view (that implies mosquitoes are naturally vectors of malaria), it is more useful to consider that mosquitoes, like plants, normally express a variety of gene products, which together render the host resistant to infection. the consequences of this hypothesis upon current research are that when studying the passage of the malarial parasite through a compet ... | 2004 | 15242703 |
| plasmodium induces swelling-activated clc-2 anion channels in the host erythrocyte. | intraerythrocytic growth of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum depends on delivery of nutrients. moreover, infection challenges cell volume constancy of the host erythrocyte requiring enhanced activity of cell volume regulatory mechanisms. patch clamp recording demonstrated inwardly and outwardly rectifying anion channels in infected but not in control erythrocytes. the molecular identity of those channels remained elusive. we show here for one channel type that voltage dependence, ... | 2004 | 15272009 |
| plasmodium berghei: the application of cultivation and purification techniques to molecular studies of malaria parasites. | species of malaria parasites that infect rodents provide models for the study of the biology of malaria parasites that infect humans. in this article, chris janse and andy waters describe some of the recent advances in the cultivation and purification methodology of one of these species, plasmodium berghei. the improvement of these techniques, and the increasing knowledge about the molecular biology of p. berghei enhance the value of this particular rodent model for the investigation of many asp ... | 1995 | 15275357 |
| duffy antigen is important for the lethal effect of the lethal strain of plasmodium yoelii 17xl. | we studied the potential role of the duffy antigen and glycophorin a as receptors for rodent malaria parasite invasion of erythrocytes. parasitemia increased exponentially after infection with plasmodium berghei nk65, p. chabaudi, and p. vinckei in duffy antigen knockout, glycophorin a knockout, and wild-type mice, indicating that the duffy antigen and glycophorin a are not essential for these malaria parasites. however, parasitemia of the duffy antigen knockout mice infected with p. yoelii 17xl ... | 2004 | 15278442 |
| a plasmodium berghei reference line that constitutively expresses gfp at a high level throughout the complete life cycle. | green fluorescent protein (gfp) is a well-established reporter protein for the examination of biological processes. this report describes a recombinant plasmodium berghei, pbgfpcon, that constitutively expresses gfp in a growth responsive manner in its cytoplasm from a transgene that is integrated into the genome and controlled by the strong promoter from a p. berghei elongation factor-1alpha gene. all life cycle forms of pbgfpcon except for male gametes can be easily visualized by fluorescent m ... | 2004 | 15279948 |
| mulinane-type diterpenoids from azorella compacta display antiplasmodial activity. | two mulinane-type diterpenoids were isolated from azorella compacta; namely 20-hydroxymulin-11,13-dienyl acetate and 13,14-dihydroxymulin-11-en-20-oic acid. the structures were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data. these compounds, as well as three previously isolated diterpenes, were evaluated as potential in vivo growth inhibitors of plasmodium berghei nk 65 on infected mice at an intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg/day. sixty percent and forty-two percent growth inhibition were obt ... | 2004 | 15280000 |
| [preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against the region ii+ motif in circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum]. | to develop and identify the monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against region ii+ motif in circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | 2004 | 15281447 |
| intravital microscopy demonstrating antibody-mediated immobilisation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites injected into skin by mosquitoes. | previous studies have shown that mosquitoes inject plasmodium sporozoites into avascular portions of the skin of their rodent host rather than directly into the blood circulation. then, over time, these sporozoites move into the circulation, from where they reach the liver to initiate a malaria infection. by use of intravital microscopy of the skin, we present direct morphological evidence of mosquito probing that introduces sporozoites into avascular tissue, of the migration of these sporozoite ... | 2004 | 15313126 |
| identification of an antimalarial synthetic trioxolane drug development candidate. | the discovery of artemisinin more than 30 years ago provided a completely new antimalarial structural prototype; that is, a molecule with a pharmacophoric peroxide bond in a unique 1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle. available evidence suggests that artemisinin and related peroxidic antimalarial drugs exert their parasiticidal activity subsequent to reductive activation by haem, released as a result of haemoglobin digestion by the malaria-causing parasite. this irreversible redox reaction produces carbo ... | 2004 | 15318224 |
| disruption of plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein 7 gene modulates parasite growth in vivo. | merozoite invasion of red blood cells is crucial to the development of the parasite that causes malaria. merozoite surface proteins (msps) mediate the first interaction between parasite and erythrocyte. in plasmodium falciparum, they include a complex of products from at least 3 genes (msp1, msp6, and msp7), one of which, msp7, is part of a gene family containing 3 and 6 adjacent members in plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium falciparum, respectively. we have identified and disrupted msp7 in the pl ... | 2005 | 15339842 |
| quantitative plasmodium sporozoite neutralization assay (tsna). | the circumsporozoite (cs) protein is the major surface protein of plasmodium sporozoites. antibodies to the immunodominant repeat domain of cs immobilize sporozoites and prevent infection of hepatocytes. plasmodium falciparum vaccines containing cs repeats are undergoing human trials in endemic areas, and proof of efficacy has been obtained. the correlates of protection are under investigation. levels of anti-repeat antibodies in the serum of the human volunteers have been measured mostly by enz ... | 2004 | 15350520 |
| plasmodium berghei ookinetes induce nitric oxide production in anopheles pseudopunctipennis midguts cultured in vitro. | the anopheles pseudopunctipennis nitric oxide synthase gene (apnos) was identified and its partial sequence showed high homology with nos from a. stephensi, a. gambiae (putative sequence), and drosophila melanogaster. apnos was mainly expressed in male and female adult mosquitoes and was induced by a blood meal. nitric oxide (no) was produced by in vitro-cultured mosquito midguts inoculated by enema with plasmodium berghei ookinetes, saccharomyces cerevisiae, gram-positive bacteria (micrococcus ... | 2004 | 15350609 |
| effector and memory cd8+ t cells as seen in immunity to malaria. | transgenic (tg) mice carrying a t-cell receptor (tcr) specific for a cd8(+) t-cell epitope expressed in pre-erythrocytic stages of plasmodium yoelii has proven to be a valuable tool to advance our understanding of this anti-parasite t-cell response, as it occurs in vivo. the visualization of cd8(+) t cells in vivo and ex vivo greatly facilitated research aimed at characterizing basic features of this t-cell response such as the kinetics of differentiation and proliferation and the in vivo antige ... | 2004 | 15361248 |
| a profound alteration of blood tcrb repertoire allows prediction of cerebral malaria. | cerebral malaria (cm) is one of the severe complications of plasmodium infection. in murine models of cm, talphabeta cells have been implicated in the neuropathogenesis. to obtain insights into the tcrb repertoire during cm, we used high throughput cdr3 spectratyping and set up new methods and software tools to analyze data. we compared pbl and spleen repertoires of mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka that developed cm (cm(+)) or not (cm(-)) to evidence modifications of the tcrb repertoir ... | 2004 | 15383590 |
| merozoite surface protein 4/5 provides protection against lethal challenge with a heterologous malaria parasite strain. | immunization with merozoite surface protein 4/5 (msp4/5), the murine malaria homologue of plasmodium falciparum msp4 and msp5, has been shown to protect mice against challenge by parasites expressing the homologous form of the protein. the gene encoding msp4/5 was sequenced from a number of plasmodium yoelii isolates in order to assess the level of polymorphism in the protein. the gene was found to be highly conserved among the 13 p. yoelii isolates sequenced, even though many of the same isolat ... | 2004 | 15385485 |
| response of plasmodium berghei to antimalarial drugs. | | 1949 | 15398092 |
| [tissular phase of plasmodium berghei]. | | 1950 | 15413859 |
| [effect of splenectomy on the evolution and relapse of plasmodium berghei vincke and lips infection in the white rat]. | | 1950 | 15435003 |
| inducible peroxidases mediate nitration of anopheles midgut cells undergoing apoptosis in response to plasmodium invasion. | plasmodium berghei invasion of anopheles stephensi midgut cells causes severe damage, induces expression of nitric-oxide synthase, and leads to apoptosis. the present study indicates that invasion results in tyrosine nitration, catalyzed as a two-step reaction in which nitric-oxide synthase induction is followed by increased peroxidase activity. ookinete invasion induced localized expression of peroxidase enzymes, which catalyzed protein nitration in vitro in the presence of nitrite and h(2)o(2) ... | 2004 | 15456781 |
| conditional mutagenesis using site-specific recombination in plasmodium berghei. | reverse genetics in plasmodium, the genus of parasites that cause malaria, still faces major limitations. only red blood cell stages of this haploid parasite can be transfected. consequently, the function of many essential genes in these and subsequent stages, including those encoding vaccine candidates, cannot be addressed genetically. here, we establish conditional mutagenesis in plasmodium by using site-specific recombination and the flp/frt system of yeast. site-specific recombination is ind ... | 2004 | 15465918 |
| proteome analysis of rhoptry-enriched fractions isolated from plasmodium merozoites. | the rhoptries of plasmodium species participate in merozoite invasion and modification of the host erythrocyte. however, only a few rhoptry proteins have been identified using conventional gene identification protocols. to investigate the protein organization of this organelle and to identify new rhoptry proteins, merozoite rhoptries from three different plasmodium rodent species were enriched by sucrose density gradient fractionation, and subjected to proteome analysis using multidimensional pr ... | 2004 | 15473688 |
| antimalarial activity of bidens pilosa l. (asteraceae) ethanol extracts from wild plants collected in various localities or plants cultivated in humus soil. | bidens pilosa (asteraceae), a medicinal plant used worldwide, has antimalarial activity as shown in previous work. this study tested ethanol extracts from wild plants collected in three different regions of brazil and from plants cultivated in various soil conditions. the extracts were active in mice infected with p. berghei: doses of < or =500 mg/kg administered by oral route reduced malaria parasitaemia and mouse mortality; higher doses were found to be less effective. tested in vitro against ... | 2004 | 15476304 |
| plasmodium berghei: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate reverses chloroquino-resistance in experimental malaria infection; correlation with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione synthesis pathway. | in plasmodium falciparum-infected cells or in p. berghei infected mice, increase of reduced glutathione (gsh) levels confers resistance to chloroquine (cq). gsh is synthesized within the cells through a complex biochemical pathway composed of several well known enzymes, in which glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) plays an important role. the physiological hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (dheas) is a potent inhibitor of g6pd activity, and g6pd deficiency is known to exert antimalaria ... | 2004 | 15476661 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimalarial studies of striga hermonthica and tapinanthus sessilifolius extracts. | the antimalarial activities of the methanol extracts of striga hermonthica (whole plant) and tapinanthus sessilifolius (leaves), commonly used in northern nigeria for the treatment of malaria, were evaluated. in the in vitro antiplasmodial analysis, the extracts of t. sessilifolius and s. hermonthica utilized in the study, displayed mild to weak activities with ic50 values of 200.5 and 274.8 microg/ml respectively. this was investigated, using the multidrug resistant plasmodium falciparum, k1 st ... | 2004 | 15490799 |
| plasmodium berghei: efficacy and safety of combinations of chloroquine and promethazine in chloroquine resistant infections in gravid mice. | efficacy and safety of combinations ofchloroquine (cq) and doses of promethazine (pr) against cq resistant plasmodium berghei infections in gravid mice was evaluated. parasites were cleared faster in mice treated with cq combined with doses of pr ranging from 20mg/kg to 50mg/kg (3.4 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.7) compared with cq alone (4.7 +/- 0.8) (p<0.5). parturition resulting in live pups in animals treated with cq and 20mg/ kg and 30mg/kg of pr (81%) was significantly higher than in animals treate ... | 2004 | 15490800 |
| a protective merozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum shares an epitope with surface antigens of paramecium. | a plasmodium falciparum cdna expression clone, lambdapf9, had been identified earlier as a protective epitope, using anti-lambdapf9 antibodies and combinatorial phagotopes. a segment of the pf9 gene showed homology with paramecium immobilization surface antigens such as 51b, 51a and 156g. a synthetic pf9-peptide was designed from this region, and specific antibodies were raised. each of these anti-pf9 antibodies and combinatorial reagents, as well as anti-paramecium 51b antibodies, recognized th ... | 2004 | 15491471 |
| platelet depletion by anti-cd41 (alphaiib) mab injection early but not late in the course of disease protects against plasmodium berghei pathogenesis by altering the levels of pathogenic cytokines. | accumulating evidence indicates that platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of experimental severe malaria (esm) elicited by infection with plasmodium berghei. mice injected on day 1 of p berghei infection (early) with either anti-cd41 or anti-cd61 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) exhibited significantly (p<.001) increased survival from esm compared with infection controls, indicating that platelets function early in the disease. in contrast, groups of mice treated on days 4, 5, and 6 (l ... | 2005 | 15494426 |
| plasmodium falciparum carbonic anhydrase is a possible target for malaria chemotherapy. | plasmodiumfalciparum is responsible for the majority of life-threatening cases of human malaria. the global emergence of drug-resistant malarial parasites necessitates identification and characterization of novel drug targets. carbonic anhydrase (ca) is present at high levels in human red cells and in p. falciparum. existence of at least three isozymes of the alpha < class was demonstrated in p. falciparum and a rodent malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. the major isozyme ca1 was purified and ... | 2004 | 15499996 |
| anti-malarial activity of some xanthones isolated from the roots of andrographis paniculata. | four xanthones were isolated from the roots of andrographis paniculata using a combination of column and thin-layer chromatographic methods. they were characterized as (i) 1,8-di-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-xanthone, (ii) 4,8-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-xanthone, (iii) 1,2-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-xanthone and (iv) 3,7,8-trimethoxy-1-hydroxy xanthone by ir, ms and nmr spectroscopic methods. in vitro study revealed that compound 1,2-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-xanthone possessed substantial anti-plasmodial acti ... | 2004 | 15507344 |
| rifampicin antagonizes the effect of choloroquine on chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei in mice. | chloroquine (cq)-resistant plasmodium falciparum appears to decrease cq accumulation in its food vacuole by enhancing its efflux via an active membrane pump, which has been reported to be a p-glycoprotein-like transporter. rifampicin (rif) is a p-glycoprotein inhibitor and also has some antimalarial activity. it is hoped that a combination of choloroquine-rifampicin (cq + rif) would be advantageous in the treatment of cq-resistant malaria. swiss albino mice were inoculated with cq-resistant p. b ... | 2004 | 15507775 |
| essential role of membrane-attack protein in malarial transmission to mosquito host. | after ingestion of infected blood by a mosquito, malarial parasites are fertilized in the mosquito midgut and develop into motile ookinetes. these ookinetes invade epithelial cells by rupturing the cell membrane and migrate through the cytoplasm toward the basal lamina, on which they develop to oocysts. here we report that a microneme protein with a membrane-attack complex and perforin (macpf)-related domain, which we name membrane-attack ookinete protein (maop), is produced in the ookinete stag ... | 2004 | 15520375 |
| a malaria membrane skeletal protein is essential for normal morphogenesis, motility, and infectivity of sporozoites. | membrane skeletons are structural elements that provide mechanical support to the plasma membrane and define cell shape. here, we identify and characterize a putative protein component of the membrane skeleton of the malaria parasite. the protein, named pbimc1a, is the structural orthologue of the toxoplasma gondii inner membrane complex protein 1 (tgimc1), a component of the membrane skeleton in tachyzoites. using targeted gene disruption in the rodent malaria species plasmodium berghei, we sho ... | 2004 | 15533999 |
| detection of a new cerebral malaria susceptibility locus, using cba mice. | human cerebral malaria (cm) during acute plasmodium falciparum infection is a serious neurological complication that leads to coma and death. p. berghei anka infection of cba mice is a useful experimental model of cm. to identify host susceptibility loci, we performed chromosomal mapping in crossbred populations of both cm-susceptible cba and cm-resistant dba/2 mice. one significant region for a cm-susceptible locus in cba mice was mapped to h2 region on chromosome 17, tentatively designated cms ... | 2004 | 15536567 |
| increased expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in murine malaria infection is predominantly localised to the vascular endothelium. | products of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism have been implicated in the pathogenesis of murine and human cerebral malaria. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway and we have developed an immunohistochemical method for its detection in tissues from normal and malaria-infected mice. mice were infected with plasmodium berghei anka, a murine model of cerebral malaria, or p. berghei k173, a non-cerebral malaria model. vascular endothelial cel ... | 2004 | 15542091 |
| activity of benzothiazoles and chemical derivatives on plasmodium falciparum. | malaria is a major health concern particularly in africa which has about 90% of the worldwide annual clinical cases. the increasing number of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum justifies the search for new drugs in this field. antimalarial activity of 2-substituted 6-nitro- and 6-amino-benzothiazoles and their anthranilic acids has been tested. an in vitro study has been performed on w2 and 3d7 strains of p. falciparum and on clinical isolates from malaria-infected patients. toxicity has been ... | 2004 | 15552398 |
| identification and characterisation of rama homologues in rodent, simian and human malaria species. | | 2004 | 15555735 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of peptidomimetic protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors with improved membrane permeability. | a series of protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor ester prodrugs of fti-2148 (17) were synthesized in order to evaluate the effects of ester structure modification on antimalarial activity and for further development of a farnesyltransferase inhibitor with in vivo activity. evaluation against p. falciparum in red blood cells showed that all the investigated esters exhibited significant antimalarial activity, with the benzyl ester 16 showing the best inhibition (ed50=150 nm). additionally, compou ... | 2004 | 15556768 |