| a simplification of the enzyme-linked immunospot technique. increased sensitivity for cells secreting igg antibodies to haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. | a simplified enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) technique is described for the detection of cells secreting antibodies to tetanus toxoid (tt), diphtheria toxoid (dt) or haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (prp). by combining the cell suspension with the enzyme-linked secondary antibodies in one incubation, the second incubation and washing procedure could be omitted from the original technique. the simplified assay had the same sensitivity for anti-tt and anti-dt spot-forming c ... | 1992 | 1474256 |
| evolution of airway microbiology in the infant with cystic fibrosis: role of nonpseudomonal and pseudomonal pathogens. | bacterial colonization of the airways of the infant with cystic fibrosis is usually established early in life, and, once established, is difficult to eradicate and is associated with progressive lung disease. thus, understanding of early airway microbiology is critical to the development of appropriate early interventions such as prophylactic antibiotics, immunotherapy, and, potentially, gene therapy. the barriers to the study of infant airway microbiology are discussed, and the properties of in ... | 1992 | 1475540 |
| pulmonary neoplasms in rats that inhaled cerium-144 dioxide. | the lung neoplasms induced in rats by inhaled, internally deposited 144ceo2 were described and classified using histologic criteria. f344 rats were exposed once or repeatedly by inhalation to 144ceo2 and observed for their life span. there was significant life shortening only in those rats with the highest radiation doses. in these rats, there was a high percentage of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, as well as much lower percentages of adenocarcinomas of the lung, hemangiosarcomas of the l ... | 1992 | 1475578 |
| the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the distribution and outcome of pneumonia in intensive care units. | to determine the frequency and distribution of pneumonia in an intensive care unit (icu), we retrospectively examined the records of 1,854 consecutive icu admissions between january 1987 and april 1990. a total of 266 patients met criteria for pneumonia (unilateral or bilateral infiltrate by chest roentgenogram, plus 2 of the following: leukocyte count > 10 x 10(9) per liter, temperature > 38.5 degrees c, or culture of blood or sputum positive for pathogens). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pa ... | 1992 | 1475945 |
| modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by tumor necrosis factor and antibody to tumor necrosis factor in the rat. | in an attempt to understand the role of tnf in the central nervous system (cns) pathophysiologic events associated with bacterial meningitis, we examined the effect of intravenous vs. intracisternal administration of tnf alpha on penetration of circulating 125i-labeled albumin into cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and csf white blood cell (wbc) counts in rats. intracisternal administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) resulted in dose- and time-dependent alterations of the csf penetration ... | 1992 | 1477182 |
| evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. infectious diseases society of america and the food and drug administration. | most children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis have no preceding illness. their early symptoms are pain and fever. a bacterial etiology is established in approximately 75% of cases by needle aspiration of the affected site or blood culture. clinical trials should be limited to cases of bacterial origin. the antimicrobial agents studied should be active against staphylococcus aureus and streptococci. if children < 5 years of age are included, the drug should also be active against beta-lacta ... | 1992 | 1477224 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. | to review the epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease, the first hib vaccine and its limitations, the characteristics and clinical efficacy of the newer conjugate vaccines, and the current recommendations for administration of hib vaccines. | 1992 | 1477450 |
| haemophilus test medium interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility tests with cefdinir, cefetamet, cefmetazole, cefpodoxime, cefdaloxime (ru29246, hr-916 metabolite), and trospectomycin. | the disk diffusion zones and the mics of six newer antimicrobials with significant activity against haemophilus influenzae were compared using the haemophilus test medium (htm) and national committee for clinical laboratory standards methods. the rank order of potency was cefpodoxime (mic50, < or = 0.03 micrograms/ml) > cefetamet > cefdinir > cefdaloxime = trospectomycin > cefmetazole (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). susceptible breakpoint interpretive criteria for htm tests were established that confo ... | 1992 | 1478050 |
| the sialylation of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by host factors: a major impact on pathogenicity. | the resistance of gonococci in most patients to complement mediated killing by human serum is due to sialylation of their lipopolysaccharide (lps) which prevents bactericidal antibody from reacting with target sites. two of the host factors responsible are: cytidine 5'-monophospho-n-acetyl neuraminic acid (cmp-nana), a well-known sialylating agent, and another factor which enhances the transfer of sialyl groups from cmp-nana to lps catalysed by a gonococcal sialyltransferase. the bacterial deter ... | 1992 | 1478464 |
| serratia marcescens forms a new type of cytolysin. | most serratia marcescens strains produce a new type of cytolysin (hemolysin) which is also found in other serratia species. the hemolytic polypeptide shla (m(r) 162 101) is secreted across the outer membrane through the help of the shlb protein which also involves conversion of an inactive precursor in an hemolytically active form. both proteins are synthesized with signal sequences which are released during export across the cytoplasmic membrane. mutants expressing inactive shlb derivatives are ... | 1992 | 1478465 |
| occurrence of multiple antimicrobial resistance among haemophilus influenzae type b causing meningitis. | among the 157 children with culture proven pyogenic meningitis who were admitted during 1987-1991, in the department of child health at the christian medical college and hospital, vellore, 40 had h. influenzae type b (hib) meningitis; 17 of these had multiantimicrobial resistant hib (mrhib) and 23 others had usual susceptibility hib (ushib) meningitis. the two groups were compared. children with mrhib meningitis who received optimal treatment with cefotaxime had excellent recovery. when cefotaxi ... | 1992 | 1478726 |
| actinic cheilitis granulomatosa. | a granulomatous lesion of the lips caused by uvb-photosensitivity is described. a 31-year-old japanese man developed depigmented, swollen, erythematous lips with some erosions and bloody crusts which were present for 11 months. histologic examination revealed a dense dermal infiltration composed mainly of lymphoid-histiocytic cells. suprabasal clefts were associated with the invasion of lymphoid cells around them. results of patch and photopatch testing were negative. the minimal erythema dose 2 ... | 1992 | 1479115 |
| narrow-band sound localization related to external ear acoustics. | human subjects localized brief 1/6-oct bandpassed noise bursts that were centered at 6, 8, 10, and 12 khz. all testing was done under binaural conditions. the horizontal component of subjects' responses was accurate, comparable to that for broadband localization, but the vertical and front/back components exhibited systematic errors. specifically, responses tended to cluster within restricted ranges that were specific for each center frequency. the directional transfer functions of the subjects' ... | 1992 | 1479124 |
| increased concentration of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein in nephrotic syndrome: role in dyslipidemia. | hyperlipidemia is a prominent feature of the nephrotic syndrome. lipoprotein abnormalities include increased very low and low density lipoprotein (vldl and ldl) cholesterol and variable reductions in high density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol. we hypothesized that plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp), which influences the distribution of cholesteryl esters among the lipoproteins, might contribute to lipoprotein abnormalities in nephrotic syndrome. plasma cetp, apolipoprotein and lipo ... | 1992 | 1479291 |
| diuretic activity of organomercury (ii) complexes of theophylline and theobromine. | organomercury(ii) complexes of the types, p-xc6h4hgl (a) and p-xc6h4hgcl(l') (b) [lh = theophylline; l' = theobromine; x = me, no2], have been synthesised and characterized. conductance measurements indicate that the complexes are non-electrolytes. the structures of the complexes have been elucidated by spectral studies (ir, uv, and 1h, 13c nmr). the complexes have been tested for diuretic activity. the structure-activity relationship has been propounded. | 1992 | 1479363 |
| [basic and clinical study of meropenem in pediatric field]. | meropenem (mepm), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, was examined in a cooperative study involving 12 pediatric and 1 neonatologic facilities. the results are summarized as follows. 1. antibacterial activity antibacterial activity of mepm against stock organisms including 31 strains of streptococcus agalactiae, 14 of listeria monocytogenes, 4 of bordetella pertussis and 3 of neisseria meningitidis ranged from 0.025 to 0.10 micrograms/ml in mic90's, which were equal or lower than those of ... | 1992 | 1479687 |
| [laboratory and clinical evaluation of meropenem in pediatric field]. | we performed laboratory and clinical evaluation of meropenem (sm-7338, mepm), a new carbapenem antibiotics, in pediatric field. pharmacokinetics of mepm was examined with 5 patients, at a dose of 10 mg/kg via 30 minutes drip infusion. mean plasma concentrations at 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.5 hours after dose were 18.8, 6.97, 3.62, 1.14, 0.43 and 0.12 micrograms/ml, respectively, with a half life of 0.96 hour. the urine recovery rate in 6 hours was 70.4%. clinical efficacy of mepm was ev ... | 1992 | 1479689 |
| conjoined twins (thoracopagus) in a wistar rat (rattus norvegicus). | | 1992 | 1479817 |
| problems and dilemmas of antimicrobial resistance. | an important obstacle to the long-term efficacy of an antimicrobial agent is the appearance and spread of resistance to the agent. the fact that many antimicrobials are produced by microorganisms in nature may provide long-term selective pressure for the emergence of resistance in antibiotic-producing as well as -nonproducing organisms. indeed, the rapidity with which many resistances have appeared after the introduction of a new antibiotic suggests that these resistance genes were already prese ... | 1992 | 1480504 |
| recent developments in vaccines and immunization practices. | dramatic changes have been made in the recommended schedule for immunizations, and for a variety of reasons: greater understanding of risks associated with whole-cell pertussis vaccine; introduction of more immunogenic vaccines to prevent invasive disease caused by haemophilus influenzae type b; a national epidemic of measles that affected many vaccinated individuals; and the failure of targeted use of vaccine in high-risk patients to reduce the occurrence of hepatitis b. additional changes in r ... | 1992 | 1480505 |
| microbial flora of the trachea during intubation of patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. | the presence of haemophilus influenzae in the oropharynx is correlated with the subsequent development of chest infection. the importance of colonisation of the trachea by bacteria at the time of surgery is uncertain. this study investigated the tracheal flora at the time of intubation in 24 patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. | 1992 | 1481184 |
| [the spectrum of pathogens in positive blood cultures--tyrol 1991]. | in a recent study by the centers for disease control (cdc) it was noted that there had been a resurgence of gram-positive bacteremia together with an increase in fungemia. this reported trend is confirmed by data from the austrian tirol. in 1991 1,750 out of 13,679 specimens (12.8%) yielded bacterial or fungal growth, accounting for 1,248 cases of "bacteremia"; no decision was made about the clinical significance of the culture isolates. we consider laboratory reports of blood isolates to be fai ... | 1992 | 1481545 |
| pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of a single dose of ceftriaxone (1,000 milligrams intravenously) for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery. | the pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ceftriaxone after a single intravenous injection of 1,000 mg to 17 patients for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery were studied. the patients were scheduled for elective noncardiac thoracic surgery. adequate levels in serum (higher than or equal to the mic for 90% of isolates of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus spp., escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, and klebsiella pneumoniae) were found for all patients throughout the surgical p ... | 1992 | 1482149 |
| combined childhood immunizations. | | 1992 | 1482490 |
| chrominfo: a database for viewing and editing top-level chromosome data. | chrominfo is a prototype database that is intended to serve as a liaison tool for researchers working in different centers on mapping of the same mammalian chromosome. it provides a bird's-eye-view of top-level entities on a chromosome (such as gene loci, chromosome breakpoints and contigs) and relates them to one another in one dimension, the axis of the chromosome. consensus data can be entered, edited, queried and displayed in a variety of ways. summary evidence for consensus data can also be ... | 1992 | 1482899 |
| an evaluation of concept based latent semantic indexing for clinical information retrieval. | latent semantic indexing (lsi) of surgical case report text using icd-9-cm procedure codes and index terms was evaluated. the precision-recall performance of this two-step matrix retrieval process was compared with the smart document retrieval system, surface word matching, and humanly assigned procedure codes. human coding performed best, two-step lsi did less well than surface matching or smart. this evaluation suggests that concept-based lsi may be compromised by its two-stage nature and its ... | 1992 | 1482949 |
| hemichorea due to a cavernous angioma of the caudate. case report of an aged patient. | a 75 year old man presented left hemichorea due to a cavernous angioma of the head of the contralateral caudate. cavernous angiomas of the basal ganglia are an infrequent cause of hemichorea especially in older subjects but should be considered in the differential diagnosis. | 1992 | 1483861 |
| the repertoire of human antibody to the haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. | human antibody to the haemophilus influenzae capsular polysaccharide (hib cp) is restricted in diversity in the individual and the population with a limited number of variable region genes encoding antibody. antibody to the hib cp shows restricted isoelectric focusing gel patterns and light chain usage with frequent restriction to use of only kappa light chains. shared cross-reactive idiotypes are expressed on antibody. the heavy chain of antibody to the hib cp is predominantly encoded by two me ... | 1992 | 1484268 |
| human antibody responses to bacterial antigens: studies of a model conventional antigen and a proposed model b cell superantigen. | we have investigated the human antibody repertoires that bind to two different classes of bacterial antigens. immunization with the conventional antigen, type b capsular polysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae hib ps, uniformly induces iga and igg responses dominated by clones that use heavy chains structurally related to two subsets of vh3 genes, while in a minority of subjects antibodies from the vh1 or vh4 families are co-induced. in contrast, the "alternative binding site" of staphylococcal ... | 1992 | 1484269 |
| what preclinical data are needed to justify once-daily therapy? | before applying in clinical practice once-daily dosing of antimicrobials, one must take into consideration several factors that may influence the pharmacodynamic interaction between antimicrobials and microbes at the site of infection. the ideal agent should demonstrate rapid concentration-dependent killing activity and a post-antibiotic effect that could allow for a clinically significant delay with levels below the minimal inhibitory concentration before regrowth of the microorganism. the phar ... | 1992 | 1487558 |
| hiv and adolescents: an international perspective. | | 1992 | 1487572 |
| acute epiglottitis--25 years experience with nasotracheal intubation, current management policy and future trends. | during a 25-year period 168 adults and 111 children in copenhagen county were treated for acute epiglottitis. four patients, two children and two adults died, of these the two children and one adult had a cardiac arrest on arriving at the hospital. most children were treated by nasotracheal intubation while only some adults required nasotracheal intubation in order to secure the airway. our data indicate that intubation of adults with epiglottitis is technically more difficult than in children. ... | 1992 | 1487663 |
| glycine betaine transport by staphylococcus aureus: evidence for two transport systems and for their possible roles in osmoregulation. | the transport of glycine betaine by staphylococcus aureus was investigated. two transport systems were found that could be differentiated on the basis of their affinity for glycine betaine and their activation by osmotic pressure. the high-affinity system was relatively independent of osmotic pressure and exhibited a km of approximately 3 microm. this system was not inhibited by proline, for which a separate high-affinity transport system has been recently discovered. the low-affinity system was ... | 1992 | 1487723 |
| in vitro activity of ru 29246, the active compound of the cephalosporin prodrug ester hr 916. | the in vitro activity of ru 29246 was compared with those of other agents against 536 recent clinical isolates. the mics of ru 29246 for 90% of members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested (mic90s) were less than 2 micrograms/ml except those for morganella spp. (16 micrograms/ml) and proteus spp. (8 micrograms/ml). ru 29246 was active against staphylococcus aureus (mic90, < or = 8 micrograms/ml) and against staphylococcus saprophyticus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (mic90s, < or = 2 mi ... | 1992 | 1489178 |
| molecular basis of the efficacy of cefaclor against haemophilus influenzae. | cefaclor sustained its inhibitory activity against a beta-lactamase-producing strain of haemophilus influenzae. although a relatively high permeability coefficient was calculated for ampicillin compared with that calculated for cefaclor, the resulting periplasmic concentration of cefaclor was 5.7 times that of ampicillin. the efficacy of cefaclor may be due to its higher beta-lactamase resistance, which allows it to achieve a greater periplasmic concentration and adequate binding to crucial peni ... | 1992 | 1489208 |
| [unexpected fatalities in childhood caused by acute epiglottitis]. | report on two deaths from a natural internal cause in children beyond the first year of life. the children (a two-year and a three-year old boy), who seemed completely healthy, sudden suffered from acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract with dyspnea, inspiratory stridor, fever, dysphagia, and flow of saliva. the disease took a fulminant course and the children died within a few hours showing symptoms of intense dyspnea and cyanosis. the above symptoms and progress were typical of acut ... | 1992 | 1489325 |
| effect of heta-starch colloidal solutions on reticuloendothelial phagocytic system (res) function in burned and infected rats. | the biodistribution of the plasma expander colloidal solution, heta-starch (hes), has been examined in rats, subjected to thermal injury or sepsis. the ability of these solutions to alter res phagocytic function of [99mtc]-sulphur colloid ([99mtc]sc) uptake in vivo has been examined. the biodistribution of radiolabelled hes has been determined in normal rats. the hes colloidal solution has no deleterious effect upon res function in vivo in the thermally injured animals or the septic animals as c ... | 1992 | 1489495 |
| an analysis of the action of an analogue of almitrine bismesylate in the rat model of hypoxic lung disease. | chronically hypoxic (ch) and normoxic control rats were used to assess the action of s9581, a water-soluble analogue of almitrine bismesylate. s9581 increased ventilation (ve) by 34% in control and 20% in ch rats. during acute hypoxia ve was raised and s9581 caused a further increase of 20% in both groups. low doses of s9581 and almitrine enhanced the hypoxic ventilatory response in ch rats while high doses depressed it in both groups. effects of s9581 on the pulmonary circulation were assessed ... | 1992 | 1489540 |
| conserved, extended mhc haplotypes. | extended major histocompatibility complex (mhc) haplotypes are fixed conserved regions of the short arm of the sixth human chromosome defined by their hla-b, complotype (bf, c2, c4a, c4b), hla-dr alleles. the regions of conservation may extend further. at least a third of normal mhc haplotypes in caucasians are extended, and they are largely responsible for previously observed linkage disequilibrium in the region. they are relatively population-specific. their presence has major implications for ... | 1992 | 1489551 |
| [pneumonia caused by meningococcus diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage]. | | 1992 | 1489784 |
| [nosocomial fungemia caused by candida parapsilosis]. | we review 27 episodes of nosocomial fungemia due to candida parapsilosis over a 6 year period, compared to a control group of 27 episodes of nosocomial fungemia due to candida albicans. during the study period, c. parapsilosis accounts for 23% of all yeast isolated from blood-cultures. fungemia due to c. parapsilosis was more frequently seen in males (23/4). more than half of the cases (15/27) presented in the postoperative period. in 89% of cases the patients were under total parenteral nutriti ... | 1992 | 1489791 |
| [furuncular myiasis caused by dermatobia hominis and importation of human tropical myiases]. | | 1992 | 1489808 |
| [anti-rho[d] antigen monoclonal antibodies. ii. serological characteristics of monoclonal igg1 antibodies]. | four igg1 monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to the rh antigen d, produced by stable epstein-barr virus transformed b-lymphoblastoid cell lines were assessed in different serological tests. their suitability in blood group typing was shown in antiglobulin, enzyme or albumin methods. the specificity and activity of moabs was tested with a panel of red cells of various rh-phenotypes. the supernatants of all four lines showed anti-d specificity and ability to react with du red cells. mean level of moabs ... | 1992 | 1490578 |
| immunization update. | during the 1970s and the early 1980s, immunization practices in the united states were unchanged. immunization against pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, and polio were routinely administered to children. infections with these organisms declined dramatically. nonetheless, research was vigorous, culminating in the 1980s in new vaccines and changes in immunization strategies and practices. this presentation will focus on these changes: universal hepatitis b immunization; two- ... | 1992 | 1490620 |
| membrane potential changes of phrenic motoneurons during fictive vomiting, coughing, and swallowing in the decerebrate cat. | 1. the patterns of membrane potential changes of phrenic motoneurons were compared during fictive vomiting, fictive coughing, and fictive swallowing in decerebrate, paralyzed cats. these fictive behaviors were identified by motor nerve discharge patterns similar to those recorded from the muscles of nonparalyzed animals. phrenic motoneurons (n = 54) were identified by antidromic activation from the thoracic phrenic nerve. intracellular recordings were obtained from 27 motoneurons during fictive ... | 1992 | 1491261 |
| [effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae b-diphtheria conjugate vaccination in german children]. | in 1990 the haemophilus influenzae b-diphtheria conjugate vaccine (hib-d) was introduced in germany. in addition, most children under 18 months of age failed to develop protective levels of hib antibodies in response to systemic infections. | 1992 | 1491705 |
| use of an adsorption enzyme immunoassay to evaluate the haemophilus ducreyi specific and cross-reactive humoral immune response of humans. | serodiagnosis of chancroid is limited by the cross-reactivity of haemophilus ducreyi with haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae. this research describes an adsorption enzyme immunoassay (eia) that assesses the humoral immune response of north americans and africans to h. ducreyi. adsorption effectively removed anti-h. influenzae and anti-h. parainfluenzae antibodies, revealing that north american control sera had no residual anti-h. ducreyi reactivity. however, african control se ... | 1992 | 1492255 |
| a technique for studies of the contractile apparatus in single human muscle fibre segments obtained by percutaneous biopsy. | human muscle samples were obtained with the percutaneous biopsy technique. the samples were membrane-hyperpermeabilized (skinned) using a chemical or freeze-drying technique. short single fibre segments were dissected from the sample, transferred to an experimental chamber, connected to a force transducer and manipulator, and exposed to temperature-controlled solutions. the force generating-capacity, the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to calcium and the caffeine threshold for calcium r ... | 1992 | 1492566 |
| eosinophil infiltration and enhancement of airway reactivity by leukocyte chemotactic factor, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp), in guinea pigs. | n-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fmlp) is a bacterial-derived chemotactic factor for eosinophils and neutrophils. this study is aimed to examine whether or not eosinophil infiltration induced by intra-airway administration of fmlp causes the damage of the bronchial epithelium and results in airway hyperresponsiveness in normal non-sensitized guinea pigs. in normal guinea pigs fmlp administered by aerosol inhalation or intratracheal injection caused significant infiltration of eosin ... | 1992 | 1492788 |
| bacteria and endotoxin in middle ear fluid and the course of secretory otitis media. | to determine the influence of bacteria and bacterial products on the course of secretory otitis media (som) following ventilation tube insertion we examined 68 middle ear effusions from 57 children with som. swabs were taken for bacteriological examination and the content of endotoxin was measured. the children were followed up for one year and relapse of som was recorded. bacteria were present in 38% of effusions and endotoxin was detectable in 96%. relapse occurred in 26% of the patients and w ... | 1992 | 1493632 |
| differential bacteriology in adenoid disease. | in order to define the differential bacteriology in adenoid disease, adenoids were obtained from 10 children with adenoid hypertrophy and 29 children with chronic adenoiditis. the patients' ages ranged from 18 months to 13 years. after removal of the adenoids, the surface organisms were destroyed by alcohol and flame disinfection. one gram of tissue was sampled for aerobic and anaerobic culture. there was an average of 4.8 isolates per specimen, with 4.2 aerobes and 0.6 anaerobes. the most commo ... | 1992 | 1494187 |
| [antimicrobial activities of ceftazidime on fresh clinical isolates]. | antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime (caz) was compared with those of other cephem antibiotics against clinically isolated strains sent to us by medical institutions throughout japan in 1989 and 1991. those strains separated and identified from samples collected from patients with various infections were also examined, and the following results were obtained. 1. the results suggested that, compared with reports of studies conducted with clinical isolates in early 1980's, mic90 of caz in 1991 we ... | 1992 | 1494227 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefetamet against clinically isolated microbial strains collected from urban rti patients]. | the authors studied antimicrobial activities of cefetamet (cfmt) and other leading oral antimicrobials of beta-lactam class against clinically isolated strains from urban respiratory tract infection (rti) patients from january to march, 1992. 1. cfmt showed potent antimicrobial activities against "3 primary pathogens" of rtis i.e., streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, but the drug had a slightly higher mic than those of a few oxime-type cephems already on ... | 1992 | 1494228 |
| [clinical evaluation of a new oral cephem, cefprozil in children]. | cefprozil (cfpz, bmy-28100) was evaluated for its efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics in children. cfpz was effective against streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infections, staphylococcal skin infections and escherichia coli urinary tract infections, but was less effective against lower respiratory tract infections and otitis media due to haemophilus influenzae. no adverse reactions were encountered in 46 cases treated with cfpz. with a premeal administration of 7. ... | 1992 | 1494233 |
| [clinical study on cefprozil in pediatrics]. | clinical efficacy and safety of cefprozil (cfpz, bmy-28100), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, were studied in our pediatric department. clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness and side effects were studied in 116 pediatric patients with ages ranging 4 months to 11 years. cfpz was given 4.6-14.1 mg/kg daily in 3 times for 3-10 days. clinical efficacies were evaluated in 112 patients, and the therapeutic effectiveness were excellent in 1 and good in 6 for 7 patients with acute p ... | 1992 | 1494236 |
| [laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil in the field of pediatrics]. | laboratory and clinical studies on cefprozil (cfpz, bmy-28100), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of cfpz were determined upon oral administration of cfpz after meal at doses of 4 mg/kg granules in a case, 7.5 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 15 mg/kg granules in one. peak serum levels of cfpz were obtained at an hour in 3 cases and at 2 hour ... | 1992 | 1494237 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefprozil in pediatric patients]. | cefprozil (cfpz, bmy-28100), a new oral cephem antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activities, absorption and excretion upon administration. its clinical efficacies were also studied in pediatric patients with infections. a study on antibacterial activities of cfpz against 11 clinical isolates including 6 species found that its activities against staphylococcus aureus, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, escherichia coli and haemophilus influenzae were equal or superior to those of ccl. whe ... | 1992 | 1494238 |
| [overall clinical evaluation of cefprozil against infections in pediatric fields. pediatric study group for cefprozil]. | cefprozil (cfpz, bmy-28100) granule preparation was studied for pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical aspects in the pediatric infections. the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. serum concentrations and urinary excretion. the pharmacokinetics of cfpz in pediatrics was investigated by single oral administration of fine granules at doses of 4.0, 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg. peak blood levels of cfpz were 3.06, 4.62 and 9.65 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 1.00-1.30 hours after each dose ... | 1992 | 1494240 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of 5% and 10% granules of cefdinir in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefdinir (cfdn, fk482), a new oral cephalosporin, 5% and 10% granules, were performed in the field of pediatrics. the results are summarized below. 1. antibacterial activities antibacterial activities of cfdn against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were studied in comparison with those of cefaclor (ccl), cefi ... | 1992 | 1495196 |
| [pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 10% fine granules in pediatrics]. | cefdinir (cfdn), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in a 10% fine granular form, was administered to 8 children and concentrations of the drug in plasma and urine and urinary recovery rates of the drug were determined. the subjects were divided into 2 groups of 4 children each; one group received 3 mg/kg of cfdn at 1 hour before meal (in the fasting state), and the other, at 30 minutes after meal. to study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean dose of 4.8 mg/kg t.i.d. was a ... | 1992 | 1495197 |
| [peripheral blood cells secreting specific antibodies after oral stimulation with a ribosomal vaccine]. | this investigation was designed to investigate mechanisms underlying oral immunization in humans after ingestion of the ribosomal vaccine d53. immunofluorescence and elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) spot techniques were used for peripheral blood studies. the first part of the investigation was a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 12 healthy volunteers; counts of cells containing immunoglobulins and cells producing specific antibodies were higher in the individuals given the oral r ... | 1992 | 1495849 |
| the utility of an anti-fos ribozyme in reversing cisplatin resistance in human carcinomas. | the results presented here demonstrate that expression of a fos ribozyme limits fos protein synthesis and enhances sensitivity of a2780ddp cells to antineoplastic agents, including cisplatin. moreover, the reversal of this resistance is associated with down-regulation of dtmp synthase, dna polymerase beta, topoisomerase i and hmtii-a, genes previously linked to dna synthesis and repair. thus these studies further implicate the role of the c-fos gene in dna synthesis through modulation of express ... | 1992 | 1496917 |
| [anti-haemophilus b vaccine]. | | 1992 | 1497430 |
| [bacteriology of mucoviscidosis during a 5-year period]. | we have studied the bacteriology of mucoviscidosis cases from 1985 to 1989. | 1992 | 1498172 |
| [stimulative effect of electro-blunt-tip needle on the points of human skin and its analgesia in rats]. | the stimulative effect of electro-blunt-tip needle (a kind of electroacupuncture stimulating on the surface of skin point) on the 120 points of human skin was observed in 12 healthy volunteers. it was shown that the substitute typical electro-blunt-tip needle stimulator and its special pen-like electrode by a general electroacupuncture stimulator and a tape-like adjustable electrode and similar therapeutic effects. it was found in animal experiment that the pain threshold determined with rat tai ... | 1992 | 1498534 |
| transient cardiac constriction following purulent pericarditis. | transient cardiac constriction is an unusual complication of purulent pericarditis. it should be suspected in the presence of clinical and haemodynamic deterioration when signs of activity have abated. features of cardiac constriction were observed in a 4-year-old boy 2 weeks after surgical drainage. the patient was managed conservatively without surgery and the outcome was good. follow up 2 years later showed a healthy boy with a normal cardiological examination. | 1992 | 1499574 |
| laboratory and clinical evaluations of media for the primary isolation of haemophilus species. | there has not previously been an objective comparison of medium formulations for the primary isolation of haemophilus species. this study was undertaken to evaluate the components required for the optimal growth of large, easily identifiable colonies of these bacteria. we compared six medium bases and seven supplements for their ability to support the growth of 86 strains of haemophilus influenzae and 17 strains of other species of haemophilus. by using a growth index that combines colony size a ... | 1992 | 1500494 |
| development of revised quality control limits for disk diffusion susceptibility tests of selected cephem antibiotics with haemophilus influenzae and description of a new control strain. | inconsistent quality control results in disk diffusion testing of cefaclor, cefamandole, cefonicid, and cefuroxime with haemophilus influenzae atcc 49247 and haemophilus test medium (htm) prompted a search for an alternative control strain that would provide more reliable results. a five-laboratory study was conducted to evaluate two candidate h. influenzae strains as possible alternatives to the aforementioned strain. repetitive testing of the candidate strains and h. influenzae atcc 49247 over ... | 1992 | 1500510 |
| haemophilus influenzae atcc 49766, an alternative quality control strain for monitoring broth microdilution susceptibility tests with selected beta-lactams. | a beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant strain of haemophilus influenzae is currently used for quality control of broth microdilution tests performed with haemophilus test medium (htm). studies with eight lots of htm broth documented the fact that mic limits for some antimicrobial agents are unrealistically stringent; i.e., only three of eight lots of htm broth were satisfactory for testing cefaclor. an alternative, ampicillin-susceptible strain of h. influenzae (atcc 49766) was found to ... | 1992 | 1500511 |
| immunity to haemophilus influenzae type b on sample population from central italy. | a study on natural immunity to haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was carried out in the province of siena on 474 subjects ranging in age from 3 days to 70 years. the titration of antibody to capsular polysaccharide (prp) was performed by the radioantigen-binding assay (raba) method. a total of 66.67% of the population studied presented an antibody level considered to be protective (greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram ml-1). seropositivity was 5.7% in the 5-7 month age group and 29.09% in t ... | 1992 | 1502841 |
| new macrolide antibiotics. | | 1992 | 1503358 |
| in vitro activity of ro 23-9424, a dual-action antibacterial agent, against bacterial isolates from cancer patients compared with those of other agents. | the in vitro activity of ro 23-9424 against bacterial isolates from patients with cancer was compared with those of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone, and ceftazidime. ro 23-9424 inhibited the majority of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae and all aeromonas isolates at a concentration of less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml. it was also active against acinetobacter spp. and haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. the mic for 90% of isolates (mic90) ... | 1992 | 1503453 |
| retinoids and cancer prevention. | as indicated above, in some cases the effects of retinoids appear to be species-specific. although retinyl acetate and 4-hpr are ineffective in preventing mammary cancer induced by dmba or occurring spontaneously in mice, these retinoids prevent carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in rats. in contrast, retinoids have modest chemopreventive activity for bladder cancer in various strains of both mice and rats and may have some therapeutic and preventive effects in human bladder. retinyl palmitate is ... | 1992 | 1503802 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a major cause of serious infections in childhood. new vaccines have been developed which are effective in invoking immunity against this organism when administered to children of all ages, including young infants. their widespread introduction in the uk should lead to a dramatic decline in the incidence of hib disease. | 1992 | 1504687 |
| the effects of neurotensin on gaba and acetylcholine release in the dorsal striatum of the rat: an in vivo microdialysis study. | the effects of local perfusion with the tridecapeptide neurotensin (nt) on endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), acetylcholine (ach) and choline release in the dorsal neostriatum were monitored using in vivo microdialysis in the halothane anaesthetized rat. the results show that nt (10 and 1000 nm) differentially regulates striatal gaba release without significantly influencing the release of either striatal ach or choline. nt increased striatal gaba release both in the absence and presence ... | 1992 | 1504761 |
| elevated content and secretion of gut gli in vmh-lesioned rats. | gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gli), a supposed intestinal growth factor in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract, and weight of the gastrointestinal tract, an intestinal growth indicator, were examined in ventromedial hypothalamic (vmh)-lesioned rats 1 week after vmh lesions. postprandial plasma gut gli in vmh-lesioned rats was significantly higher than that in control rats. the content of gut gli in all gastrointestinal sections except the duodenum in vmh-lesioned rats was significantly g ... | 1992 | 1504851 |
| occurrence of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae in otitis media with effusion. | eighty mucoid effusion samples obtained from 56 patients with otitis media with effusion (ome) were subjected to quantitative and qualitative bacteriological analysis using standard culturing methods, direct microscopy and immunofluorescent assay. 30% of the samples contained culture-positive pathogens (h. influenzae, s. pneumoniae, b. catarrhalis), with counts never exceeding 5 x 10(5) per ml. in addition, 19% of the samples had dormant h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae, which did not grow on sta ... | 1992 | 1505082 |
| post-tonsillectomy bacteraemia. | post-tonsillectomy bacteraemia is a well recognized aetiological factor in streptococcal endocarditis. prophylactic penicillin has been recommended to reduce its incidence in susceptible patients undergoing tonsillectomy. recent studies have shown a change in the microflora and an increase in the number of penicillin resistant organisms in the tonsils of patients undergoing tonsillectomy. the aim of this study has been to assess the incidence of post-tonsillectomy bacteraemia, identify the organ ... | 1992 | 1505085 |
| in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent. | the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-61827) was compared with that of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin and selected members of other groups of antimicrobial agents, against 684 recent distinct clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. against members of the enterobacteriaceae, ciprofloxacin was slightly more active than tosufloxacin, which was more active than temafloxacin. the mic90 of tosufloxacin for all species of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acineto ... | 1992 | 1506348 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with meropenem in the pediatric field. pediatric study group of meropenem]. | pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations in pediatrics were made on meropenem (sm-7338, mepm), a new parenteral dehydropeptidase-1 stable carbapenem used without any inhibitors, at 33 medical institutions. the results are summarized as follows. 1. pharmacokinetic studies. mepm at a dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg was administered to 53 children by 30-minute drip infusion. peak plasma concentrations (cmax's) and plasma half-lives (t1/2's) of these doses were 28.5, 47.2 and 130.0 micrograms/ml, and 0. ... | 1992 | 1507401 |
| [clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of meropenem and its effect on fecal flora in children]. | forty-five children were treated with meropenem (mepm) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. the ages of the patients ranged from 1 month to 9 years and their body weights from 5.2 to 25 kg. doses given were 17.2-45.5 mg/kg every 6 to 8 hours for 2 to 24.5 days. those patients who responded to the mepm treatment included 15 children with pneumonia, 7 with pharyngitis, 3 with cervical lymphadenitis, 3 with cellulitis, 10 with urinary tract infections and 4 with other infectio ... | 1992 | 1507402 |
| [clinical evaluation of meropenem in children]. | meropenem (mepm) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. the following results were obtained. mepm was given to 12 patients with infections: 5 with pneumonia, 1 with bacterial meningitis, 2 with pharyngitis, 4 with skin and soft tissue infections. therapeutic responses were "excellent" in 5, "good" in 4 and "fair" in 3, with an efficacy rate of 75%. adverse reactions were not noted. no abnormalities were shown in laboratory data. it has been concluded that mepm is a useful drug for the treatm ... | 1992 | 1507404 |
| [clinical evaluation of meropenem in the pediatric field]. | we studied the clinical efficacy of meropenem (sm-7338, mepm), a new parenteral carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotic, in pediatric field. thirteen patients with 2 months to 8 years and 8 months of ages, with acute infectious diseases were administered with doses at 39.3 to 76.7 mg/kg/day of mepm intravenously. the diagnoses consisted of 7 respiratory tract infections, 1 sepsis, 2 orbital cellulitis, 1 parotid abscess, 1 lymphadenitis and 1 pyoderma. the clinical efficacy rate was 84.6% (11/13), and ... | 1992 | 1507405 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological and clinical studies have been performed on meropenem (mepm, sm-7338), a newly developed carbapenem antibiotic, in the pediatric field. 1. antibacterial activities of mepm against 24 clinical isolates were determined. mepm showed excellent activity against gram-positive bacteria including staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria, especially escherichia coli and branhamella catarrhalis. against haemophilus influenzae, mepm had a higher activity than imipenem and flomoxef, ... | 1992 | 1507406 |
| [need for vaccination of all infants against haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1992 | 1507958 |
| ore2, a mutation affecting proline biosynthesis in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, leads to a cdc phenotype. | we report here the isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae which exhibit cdc phenotypes. the recessive mutations defined four complementation groups, named ore1, ore2, ore3 and ore4. at the non-permissive temperature, strains bearing these mutations arrested in the g1 phase of the cell cycle. the wild-type allele of the gene altered in ore2 mutants was cloned. the nucleotide sequence of a fragment which can complement the mutation showed the presence of a ... | 1992 | 1508147 |
| isolation and characterization of mutants of aspergillus niger deficient in extracellular proteases. | in the present study, the extracellular protease activity in a strain of the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger was investigated and mutant strains deficient in the production of extracellular proteases were isolated. the major protease, which is responsible for 80-85% of the total activity, is aspergillopepsin a, a protein of ca. 43 kda, the activity of which is inhibited by pepstatin. in addition, a second protease, aspergillopepsin b, is produced, which is much less sensitive to inhibition ... | 1992 | 1508158 |
| acetylcholine-induced coronary vasoconstriction and negative inotropy in the neonatal pig heart. | we investigated the influence of exogenously administered acetylcholine, nitric oxide, adp, atp, bradykinin, and substance p on coronary vascular tone in isolated, neonatal pig hearts (less than or equal to 4 d). paced (180 bpm), isovolumically beating hearts underwent retrograde aortic perfusion, with an erythrocyte-enriched solution (hematocrit 0.15-0.20) at constant coronary flow (approximately 2.5 ml/min/g) corresponding to a perfusion pressure of approximately 60 mm hg. agonists were inject ... | 1992 | 1508617 |
| conformational changes of cytosolic loops of bovine rhodopsin during the transition to metarhodopsin-ii: an investigation by fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. | in order to assign the structural changes of the protein, observed in the fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) difference spectra of the rhodopsin-metarhodopsin-ii transition, to specific regions of the protein, rhodopsin was treated by proteases. nonilluminated and bleached rhodopsin was treated with protease k and papain. rhodopsin digested in the bleached state was subsequently regenerated with 11-cis-retinal. from these modified samples the rhodopsin-metarhodopsin-ii ft-ir difference spectra w ... | 1992 | 1508983 |
| the crisis in antibiotic resistance. | the synthesis of large numbers of antibiotics over the past three decades has caused complacency about the threat of bacterial resistance. bacteria have become resistant to antimicrobial agents as a result of chromosomal changes or the exchange of the exchange of genetic material via plasmids and transposons. streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and staphylococci, organisms that cause respiratory and cutaneous infections, and members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas familie ... | 1992 | 1509257 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of sce-2787, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | sce-2787, a new cephalosporin having a condensed azolium moiety in the 3 position and an aminothiadiazolyl group in the 7 beta side chain, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities in comparison with those of ceftazidime, flomoxef, cefpirome, and e1040. against methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, sce-2787 was more active than ceftazidime and e1040 and was as active as flomoxef and cefpirome, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic ... | 1992 | 1510428 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ljc 10,627. | the in vitro activity of ljc 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. ljc 10,627 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, hafnia alvei, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus rettgeri, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae ... | 1992 | 1510436 |
| molecular basis of the non-beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in strains of haemophilus influenzae isolated in canada. | a study recently conducted across canada showed that 64 of 2,503 clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae were resistant to beta-lactams without production of a beta-lactamase (l. d. tremblay, j. l'ecuyer, p. provencher, m. g. bergeron, and canadian study group, can. med. assoc. j. 143:895-900, 1990). the beta-lactamase-negative strains formed three distinct groups, with ampicillin mics of 0.5 to 1, 2 to 4, and greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for groups i, ii, and iii, respectively. ... | 1992 | 1510447 |
| beta-nerve growth factor influences the expression of androgen-binding protein messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat testis. | the effect of infusion of nerve growth factor (ngf) into the rat testis on the expression of androgen-binding protein (abp) mrna was studied. a major 1.7-kb and a minor 3.7-kb abp mrna were present at all stages of the seminiferous epithelium with maximal levels at stages viii-xi and the lowest levels at stages iv-vi. infusion of 15 ng/h of ngf with a mini-osmotic pump for 14 days resulted in a 2-fold increase of abp mrna as revealed by northern blots, whereas the mrna level of another sertoli c ... | 1992 | 1511092 |
| modification of some markers of inflammation during treatment for acute respiratory exacerbation in cystic fibrosis. | an objective approach for monitoring the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis was evaluated. eleven biochemical markers of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophil count, c-reactive protein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, fibronectin, alpha-1 glycoprotein, alpha-2 macroglobulin, c3, granulocyte elastase and anti-pseudomonas igg) were measured in blood serum and plasma from 46 cystic fibrosis patients with chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa co ... | 1992 | 1511195 |
| how is rat liver s-adenosylmethionine synthetase regulated? | the in vivo regulation of s-adenosylmethionine synthetase, a key enzyme in methionine metabolism, is so far unknown. the enzyme activity has been shown to be modulated by glutathione and the oxidation state of its sulfhydryl groups. analysis of the protein sequence has revealed the presence of putative phosphorylation sites. a mixed regulatory mechanism combining phosphorylation and the oxido/reduction of sulfhydryl groups is proposed. the role of glutathione in this mechanism is also discussed. | 1992 | 1511738 |
| cloning, characterization, and dna base sequence of the high-level streptomycin resistance gene stra1 of haemophilus influenzae rd. | the high-level streptomycin resistance stra1 gene of haemophilus influenzae rd was cloned in plasmid pat4 as a 2.1-kbp ecori insert. it was later replaced in pat4 by the wild-type stra+ gene. plasmid pat4 carrying the stra+ gene is highly unstable and renders chromosomally resistant recipients sensitive to streptomycin. the stra+ gene and the instability factor both reside on a 500-base hindiii-ecori subfragment. the two biological activities are also expressed in escherichia coli. both wild-typ ... | 1992 | 1512195 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) in children. the results are summarized as follow: 1. twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with papm/bp. each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. treatments were continued for 5-22 days. clinical efficacies of papm/bp in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 ... | 1992 | 1512926 |
| [bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. | we carried out bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp), a newly-developed carbapenem antibiotic, in pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. when antibacterial activities of panipenem (papm) were determined, it was found that mics against such gram-positive cocci as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae and against such gram-negative rods as escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and branhamella catarrhalis wer ... | 1992 | 1512929 |
| [sputum penetration of levofloxacin and its clinical efficacy in patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infections]. | sputum penetration of levofloxacin (lvfx) was evaluated after a single oral dose of 100 mg or 200 mg to 4 patients with copious purulent sputa. the sputum concentration of lvfx reached maximum levels of 1.27 and 4.36 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, and still remained at concentrations of 0.32 and 1.68 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after administration of 100 mg and 200 mg, respectively. the auc ratio of sputum/serum was 0.9-1.0, indicating good sputum penetration of lvfx in these patients. the clinical eff ... | 1992 | 1512940 |