| identification of diverse viruses in upper respiratory samples in dromedary camels from united arab emirates. | camels are known carriers for many viral pathogens, including middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). it is likely that there are additional, as yet unidentified viruses in camels with the potential to cause disease in humans. in this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing analysis on nasopharyngeal swab samples from 108 mers-cov-positive dromedary camels from a live animal market in abu dhabi, united arab emirates. we obtained a total of 846.72 million high-quality reads fr ... | 2017 | 28902913 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for <i>coxiella burnetii</i>, the causative agent of q fever in the dromedary camel (<i>camelus dromedarius</i>) population in algeria. | query (q) fever is a globally distributed zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii, a bacterial agent for which ruminants are the most prevalent natural reservoir. data regarding q fever infection in camels in algeria are limited. therefore, a survey to detect seroprevalence of c. burnetii antibodies was conducted among healthy camel populations in a vast area in southeastern algeria to determine distribution of the q fever causative organism and to identify risk factors associated with infe ... | 2017 | 28893076 |
| clotting factor viii (fviii) and thrombin generation in camel plasma: a comparative study with humans. | the objective of this study was to characterize the highly elevated levels of clotting factor viii (fviii) in camel plasma. whole blood was collected from healthy camels and factor viii clotting activity (fviii:c) assays were conducted using both the clotting and the chromogenic techniques. the anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (cpda) produced the highest harvest of fviii:c, the level of plasma factor viii, compared to heparin:saline and heparin:cpda anticoagulants. camel fviii ca ... | 2013 | 24082408 |
| occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild animals in state of paraná, brazil. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from wild birds and mammals from the state of paraná. in total, 220 stool samples were sent to parasitic diseases laboratory of the federal university of paraná during 13 months (jan/2013-jan/2014). a total of 52.7% (116/220) of the animals were positive for cysts, oocysts, eggs and/or trophozoites. in birds, the positivity rate was 37.9% (25/66) and mammals was 59.1% (91/154) ... | 2018 | 29340477 |
| molecular cloning, bioinformatics analysis, and expression of small heat shock protein beta-1 from camelus dromedarius, arabian camel. | small heat shock protein beta-1 (hspb-1) plays an essential role in the protection of cells against environmental stress.elucidation of its molecular, structural, and biological characteristics in a naturally wild-type model is essential. although the sequence information of the hspb-1 gene is available for many mammalian species, the hspb-1 gene of arabian camel (arabian camel hspb-1) has not yet been structurally characterized. we cloned and functionally characterized a full-length of arabian ... | 2017 | 29287083 |
| successful pregnancies from vitrified embryos in the dromedary camel: avoidance of a possible toxic effect of sucrose on embryos. | successful embryo cryopreservation facilitates the wider application of assisted reproduction technologies and also provides a useful method for gene banking of valuable genetics. unfortunately attempts to establish an effective cryopreservation protocol for camelid embryos have been unsuccessful. in the current study, a modified vitrification protocol with three steps was investigated, whereby embryos were exposed to solutions containing increasing amounts of glycerol and ethylene glycol for fi ... | 2017 | 29110898 |
| histological characterization of umbilical cord in alpaca (vicugna pacos). | the histomorphometric features of umbilical cord constituents in seven foetuses of alpaca (vicugna pacos) from cerro de pasco, department, peru, were determined. sections of 2-5 cm of umbilical cord were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for light microscopy. standard histological slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin, masson's trichrome and van gieson's trichrome were obtained. histologically, common features of umbilical artery and vein were observed as well as mucous c ... | 2017 | 28884482 |
| zoonotic origin and transmission of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the uae. | since the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012, there have been a number of clusters of human-to-human transmission. these cases of human-to-human transmission involve close contact and have occurred primarily in healthcare settings, and they are suspected to result from repeated zoonotic introductions. in this study, we sequenced whole mers-cov genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 23 confirmed mers cases in the united arab emirates (ua ... | 2017 | 29239118 |
| molecular evolution of mers coronavirus: dromedaries as a recent intermediate host or long-time animal reservoir? | while dromedary camels are the immediate animal source of mers coronavirus (mers-cov) infection, the evolutionary origin of mers-cov remains obscure. we analyzed 219 camel and human mers-cov genome sequences available in genbank. phylogenetic analysis showed that 5 and 214 strains belong to clade a and b, respectively, with clade a further divided into lineage a1 (3 human strains) and lineage a2 (2 camel strains), and clade b divided into b1 to b6 (each containing both human and camel strains). ... | 2017 | 29035289 |
| characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against the mers-coronavirus spike protein and their application in species-independent antibody detection by competitive elisa. | since discovering the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) as a causative agent of severe respiratory illness in the middle east in 2012, serological testing has been conducted to assess antibody responses in patients and to investigate the zoonotic reservoir of the virus. although the virus neutralization test is the gold standard assay for mers diagnosis and for investigating the zoonotic reservoir, it uses live virus and so must be performed in high containment laboratories ... | 2018 | 28993122 |
| first cloned bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) calf produced by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer: a step towards preserving the critically endangered wild bactrian camels. | studies were conducted to explore the possibility of employing dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes as recipient cytoplasts for the development of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt) embryos using skin fibroblast cells of an adult bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) and llama (llama glama) as donor nuclei. also, the embryos reconstructed with bactrian cells were transferred into the uterus of synchronized dromedary camel recipients to explore the possibility of using them ... | 2017 | 28545049 |
| factors affecting reproductive performance in dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia. | a survey of 7122 dromedary camels in 115 herds in saudi arabia was used to estimate the effects of herd size (hz; < 25 vs. 25-49 vs. 50-100 vs. > 100 camels), herder/camels ratio (h/c; 1:< 25 vs. 1:25-50 vs. 1:> 50), manager experience (me; < 5 vs. 5-10 vs. > 10 years), male/females ratio (m/f), housing system (hs; free vs. closed vs. mixed), length of the breeding season (winter vs. winter and spring vs. fall, winter and spring), age at first mating (3 vs. > 3 years), and time of mating after p ... | 2018 | 29450815 |
| serum protein electrophoretic pattern in one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) in tripoli, libya. | the aim of this study was to characterize serum protein capillary electrophoretic pattern in apparently healthy adult male (age: 3-7 years) dromedary camels and also evaluate total protein and albumin levels using automated analyzer. blood samples were taken from 20 camels. 5ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein and serum was separated from samples by centrifugation. capillary electrophoresis of serum proteins identified six protein fractions in adult camels, including albumin, alpha1, ... | 2018 | 29445614 |
| effect of reproductive disorders on productivity and reproductive efficiency of dromedary she-camels in relation to cytokine concentration. | this experiment was conducted to study the effect of reproductive disorders on reproductive efficiency and milk production in relation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in dromedary she-camels. total of 20 late pregnant maghrabi she-camels, aging 6-9 years, weighing 420-550 kg, and between the second and third parities were divided into two groups. animals in the first group (n = 12) showed normal reproductive status (g1) at parturition, while those in the second one (n = 8) were suffered from rep ... | 2018 | 29423707 |
| development of an ultrasound-guided technique for retrobulbar nerve block in dromedary camels: a cadaveric study. | description of an ultrasound (us)-guided technique for retrobulbar nerve blockade in dromedary (camelus dromedarius) cadavers. | 2017 | 29415860 |
| comparing three superovulation protocols in dromedary camels: fsh, ecg-fsh and hmg. | the objective of this study was to compare three superovulation protocols in dromedary camels. follicular waves of dromedary camel donors (n=6) were synchronized using two gnrh injections. superovulation was initiated 2 days after the second injection (day 0 of experiment). the experiment was conducted using change over design, where all females received three superovulation treatments one after the other with a resting period of one month in between. superovulation was carried out for all donor ... | 2017 | 29387096 |
| construction of two whole genome radiation hybrid panels for dromedary (camelus dromedarius): 5000radand 15000rad. | the availability of genomic resources including linkage information for camelids has been very limited. here, we describe the construction of a set of two radiation hybrid (rh) panels (5000radand 15000rad) for the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) as a permanent genetic resource for camel genome researchers worldwide. for the 5000radpanel, a total of 245 female camel-hamster radiation hybrid clones were collected, of which 186 were screened with 44 custom designed marker loci distributed throughou ... | 2018 | 29386528 |
| differential glycosylation and modulation of camel and human hsp isoforms in response to thermal and hypoxic stresses. | increased expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) following heat stress or other stress conditions is a common physiological response in almost all living organisms. modification of cytosolic proteins including hsps byo-glcnac has been shown to enhance their capabilities for counteracting lethal levels of cellular stress. since hsps are key players in stress resistance and protein homeostasis, we aimed to analyze their forms at the cellular and molecular level using camel and human hsps as mode ... | 2018 | 29385708 |
| towards the description of livestock mobility in sahelian africa: some results from a survey in mauritania. | understanding spatio-temporal patterns of host mobility is a key factor to prevent and control animal and human diseases. this is utterly important in low-income countries, where animal disease epidemics have strong socio-economic impacts. in this article we analyzed a livestock mobility database, whose data have been collected by the centre national d'elevage et de recherches vétérinaires (cnerv) mauritania, to describe its patterns and temporal evolution. data were collected through phone and ... | 2018 | 29364989 |
| what is your diagnosis? mediastinal mass in a dromedary camel. | | 2018 | 29357114 |
| divergent cryptosporidium parvum subtype and enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dromedary camels in algeria. | little information is available on the occurrence of the zoonotic protists cryptosporidium spp. and none on enterocytozoon bieneusi in camels. this preliminary study was conducted to examine the identity of cryptosporidium subtypes and e. bieneusi genotypes in dromedary camels in algeria. a total of 39 fecal specimens were collected from young camels. pcr-sequence analysis of the small subunit rrna was used to detect and genotype cryptosporidium spp. cryptosporidium parvum present was further su ... | 2018 | 29327324 |
| prevalence and molecular identification of piroplasmids in iranian dromedaries ( camelus dromedarius). | camels ( camelus dromedarius) are important, multipurpose local animals in iran. despite their importance, camelid parasitic diseases have not received adequate attention in the veterinary literature. the present study investigated the prevalence of, and molecularly identified, camel piroplasms in iran. blood samples from 248 camels from five different regions of iran were screened for the presence of piroplasmid infection using an 18srrna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) sequencing method. of th ... | 2017 | 29297802 |
| rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) using lateral flow assay-based kit. | accurate early antemortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in dromedary camels is difficult due to the lack of reliable diagnostic test. the present study aimed to evaluate a lateral flow assay-based kit (rapid assay kit) in tuberculosis diagnosis that employs immuno-chromatographic detection of antibodies in serum, plasma, or whole blood. in a dromedary camel herd comprising 337 animals located at bikaner, rajasthan, india, 50 adult weak camels (11 males and 39 females) were tested by applying a singl ... | 2017 | 29264819 |
| the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius): cytoarchitecture and neurochemical anatomy. | in mammals, biological rhythms are driven by a master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of the hypothalamus. recently, we have demonstrated that in the camel, the daily cycle of environmental temperature is able to entrain the master clock. this raises several questions about the structure and function of the scn in this species. the current work is the first neuroanatomical investigation of the camel scn. we carried out a cartography and cytoarchitectural study of the ... | 2017 | 29249943 |
| screening and antitumor effect of an anti‑ctla‑4 nanobody. | cytotoxic t‑lymphocyte antigen‑4 (ctla‑4) is a critical negative regulator of immune responses. ctla‑4 is rapidly upregulated following t‑cell activation, and then binds to b7 molecules with a higher affinity than cd28. ctla‑4 may abolish the initiation of the responses of t cells by raising the threshold of signals required for full activation of t cells, and it also may terminate ongoing t-cell responses. this regulatory role has led to the development of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designed ... | 2018 | 29207143 |
| morphogenesis of lingual papillae of one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) during prenatal life: a light and scanning electron microscopic study. | this study was made on 24 camel fetuses of crown-rump vertebral length (cvrl) ranging from 10.5 cm to 105 cm cvrl (94-352 days old). these camel fetuses were classified into three groups representing the three trimesters of prenatal life. during the first trimester (94-142 days), lingual papillae (circumvallate and lentiform papillae) were demonstrated on the lingual root, but lingual body and the apex were almost free of papillae except for some scattered epithelial projections especially near ... | 2018 | 29152779 |
| aerobic bacteriological studies on the respiratory tracts of apparently healthy and pneumonic camels (camelus dromedaries) in selected districts of afar region, ethiopia. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and identify bacterial species from the respiratory tract of apparently healthy and pneumonic camels in asayita and dubti woredas in the afar region, ethiopia. from a total of 74 lung tissue and 74 tracheal swab samples staphylococcus aureus, 16.3%, streptococcus equi subsp. equi, 13.0%, and pasteurella multocida, 10.9%, were dominant isolates from pneumonic lungs; escherichia coli, 12.7%, proteus species, 10.9%, and klebsiella pneumoniae, 9.1%, w ... | 2017 | 29147933 |
| influence of dietary chromium yeast supplementation on apparent trace elements metabolism in growing camel (camelus dromedarius) reared under hot summer conditions. | this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary chromium (cr) supplementation on the apparent metabolism of some trace elements in camel calves reared under hot summer conditions. the study was conducted on a total of 15 male camel calves (5-6 months old) reared under hot summer conditions for 12 weeks. the animals were housed individually under shelter and divided into three dietary treatment groups (diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg cr/kg dm), five animals each. at the end of the ... | 2017 | 29116605 |
| physical and kinematic properties of cryopreserved camel sperm after elimination of semen viscosity by different techniques. | this investigation aimed to determine the influence of using different techniques for liquefaction of semen on post-thaw physical and dynamic characteristics of camel spermatozoa. a total of 144 ejaculates were collected from 3 adult camels, camelus dromedarius, twice-weekly over 3 consecutive breeding seasons. a raw aliquot of each ejaculate was evaluated for physical and morphological properties, whereas the remaining portion was diluted (1:3) with glycerolated tris lactose egg yolk extender, ... | 2017 | 29102407 |
| purification of camel liver catalase by zinc chelate affinity chromatography and ph gradient elution: an enzyme with interesting properties. | climate change and increasing temperatures are global concerns. camel (camelus dromedarius) lives most of its life under high environmental stress in the desert and represent ideal model for studying desert adaptation among mammals. catalase plays a key role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. for the first time, catalase from camel liver was purified to homogeneity by zinc chelate affinity chromatography using ph gradient elution, a better separation was obtained. a purification fold ... | 2017 | 29100758 |
| source, treatment and type of nuclear donor cells influences in vitro and in vivo development of embryos cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer in camel (camelus dromedarius). | experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of source, treatment and type of nuclear donor cells on embryonic and fetal development of somatic cell nuclear-transfer reconstructs in dromedary camel. in experiment 1, actively growing, serum starved or confluent skin fibroblast cells were used as nuclear donors. in experiment 2, skin fibroblasts from 4 different animals while in experiment 3, skin fibroblasts and cumulus cells from the same animal were used as nuclear donors. in all the three ... | 2018 | 29078197 |
| superovulatory response following fsh, ecg-fsh and hmg and pregnancy rates following transfer of hatched blastocyst embryos with different diameter and shape in dromedary camel. | the objectives of this study were to compare three superovulation protocols and to investigate the effect of embryo diameter and shape on pregnancy rates in dromedary camel. in experiment 1, following follicular wave synchronization of donors using two injections of gnrh (25 μg, im), superovulation was initiated 2 days after the second gnrh (day 0 of experiment). then, donors were assigned into three groups (n = 5) and received 1) fsh alone (390 mg), 2) ecg (1000 iu; single dose on day 0) and fs ... | 2018 | 29059602 |
| developmental competence of dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes selected using brilliant cresyl blue staining - erratum. | | 2017 | 29032770 |
| origins and pathogenesis of middle east respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus: recent advances. | middle east respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (mers-cov) has been a significant research focus since its discovery in 2012. since 2012, 2,040 cases and 712 deaths have been recorded (as of august 11, 2017), representing a strikingly high case fatality rate of 36%. over the last several years, mers-cov research has progressed in several parallel and complementary directions. this review will focus on three particular areas: the origins and evolution of mers-cov, the challenges and achie ... | 2017 | 29026532 |
| a novel and innovative hair test to determine glucocorticoid levels in racing camels for use in assessment of doping, health, and disease. | the aim of this project was to develop and validate a new test for the analysis of glucocorticoids in camel hair and to use the new test to analyse hair samples from a variety of camel breeds in sports and racing applications. these findings could be of importance when evaluating racing camels for suspected doping offenses or for injury and disease control. camel hair samples were collected from 30 non-racing dromedary camels along with 3 racing camels in al ain, uae and were decontaminated, pul ... | 2017 | 28994213 |
| molecular studies on cystic echinococcosis of camel (camelus dromedarius) and report ofechinococcus ortleppiin iran. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases; caused by different genotypes ofechinococcusspp. camels have an important role in transmission cycle ofe. granulosusespecially, in desert areas. this study aimed to investigate molecular characterization of hydatid cysts isolates from one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius)and to show its molecular and phylogenic status in this important ce host in the central part of iran. | 2017 | 28979341 |
| disseminated toxoplasmosis in a captive adult dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | an 11-yr-old dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) at a zoo in south florida presented with diarrhea while being treated with enrofloxacin and dexamethasone for a chronic skin condition. three weeks after initiation of therapy with dexamethasone, the camel developed diarrhea, which worsened despite treatment with antibiotics. the animal became increasingly debilitated, developed hemorrhagic diarrhea, declined rapidly over the next 3 days, and died despite aggressive fluid therapy and supportive ... | 2017 | 28920819 |
| isolation and characterization of the trophectoderm from the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). | we isolated and characterized trophoblast from in vivo-derived camel embryos and compared with embryonic stem-like cells. camel embryos were flushed on day 8 post-insemination and used to derive trophectoderm and embryonic stem-like cells under feeder-free culture conditions using a basement membrane matrix. embryos were evaluated for the expression of pou5f1, myc, klf4, sox2, cdx2, and krt8 mrna transcripts by relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction. camel embryos grew and expanded to ∼ ... | 2017 | 28863999 |
| data characterizing the genomic structure of the t cell receptor (trb) locus incamelus dromedarius. | these data are presented in support of structural and evolutionary analysis of the published article entitled "the occurrence of three d-j-c clusters within the dromedary trb locus highlights a shared evolution in tylopoda, ruminantia and suina" (antonacci et al., 2017) [1]. here we describe the genomic structure and the gene content of the t cell receptor beta chain (trb) locus incamelus dromedarius.as in the other species of mammals, the general genomic organization of the dromedary trb locus ... | 2017 | 28856181 |
| effect of genetic and nongenetic factors on chemical composition of individual milk samples from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) under intensive management. | the aims of the present study were to monitor the changes in gross chemical composition of individual dromedary camel milk over a 5-yr period, to provide reference values, and to determine the effect of genetic and nongenetic factors influencing camel milk composition under intensive management. a total of 1,528 lactating dromedary camels were included in the study. animals were fed a constant diet and were milked twice a day in a herringbone parlor. milk samples were collected at monthly interv ... | 2017 | 28843681 |
| l-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and improves in vitro development of embryos in dromedary camels (camelus dromedaries). | the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of l-carnitine (lc) addition during either ivm or ivc on the developmental potential of camel oocytes. in experiment 1; camel oocytes were matured in the absence (control) or presence of different concentrations of lc (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg and 1 mg/ml) for 30 h followed by in vitro fertilization and culture up to blastocyst stage. our results demonstrated that oocytes treated with 0.5 mg/ml lc showed higher (p < 0.05) rates of matura ... | 2017 | 28802113 |
| single layer centrifugation of fresh dromedary camel semen improves sperm quality and in vitro fertilization capacity compared with simple sperm washing. | single layer centrifugation (slc) through a colloid is a tool for selecting viable mammalian spermatozoa but has not been used previously for fresh dromedary camel sperm. semen from six camels (2 ejaculates/male) was diluted 1:5 (v:v) or 1:10 (v:v) in a tris-citrate-fructose buffer for mechanical liquefaction by gentle pipetting. following liquefaction, semen was processed either by slc or by centrifugation without a colloid (control). total and progressive motilities, casa kinematics, vitality ... | 2017 | 28801955 |
| impact of cryopreservation method on dromedary camel ovary structure, viability, and development of antral follicular oocytes. | the objectives of this study were, a) to compare two different vitrification techniques, the solid surface vitrification (ssv) and direct vitrification (dv) method, b) to evaluate the effect of four cryoprotectant agents and their toxicity on the morphological appearance and ultrastructural of camel ovarian cortex, c) to examine the development of oocytes recovered from the vitrified ovarian cortex. fragments of ovarian cortex were exposed to equilibration solution consisting of tcm- 199 with 10 ... | 2017 | 28750938 |
| investigation on papillomavirus infection in dromedary camels in al-ahsa, saudi arabia. | we investigated two outbreaks of papillomatosis between 2013 and 2015 in al ahsa region of eastern saudi arabia involving fourteen dromedary camels. the disease affected both young and adult animals and occurred in coincidence with demodectic mange infestation. diagnosis was made based on gross and histopathological characteristics of the wart lesion and was confirmed by pcr. rolling circle amplification followed by degenerate primer pcr and sequencing of the amplicons revealed the presence of b ... | 2017 | 28717601 |
| developmental competence of dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes selected using brilliant cresyl blue staining. | the objectives of the present studies were to investigate the developmental capacity of dromedary camel oocytes selected by brilliant cresyl blue (bcb) staining and to investigate the expression of select transcripts in germinal vesicle (gv) stage oocytes. these transcripts included bmp15 and gdf9 as important transcripts for folliculogenesis and oocyte development, zar1 and mater as maternal transcripts required for embryonic development, cyclin b1 and cdk1 as cell cycle regulators and oct4 and ... | 2017 | 28693630 |
| in vivoimmunotherapy of lung cancer using cross-species reactive vascular endothelial growth factor nanobodies. | lung cancer is the main leading cause of cancer death worldwide. angiogenesis is the main step in proliferation and spreading of tumor cells. targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is an effective approach for inhibition of cancer angiogenesis. nanobodies (nbs) are a novel class of antibodies derived from the camel. unique characteristics of nbs like their small size and good penetration to tumor tissues makes them promising tools in drug development. development of nbs targeting bo ... | 2017 | 28656083 |
| reactivity of commercially available monoclonal antibodies to human cd antigens with peripheral blood leucocytes of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to cell surface molecules have been proven as a key tool for phenotypic and functional characterization of the cellular immune response. one of the major difficulties in studying camel cellular immunity consists in the lack of mabs that dtect their leukocyte differentiation antigens. in the present study two-parameter flow cytometry was used to screen existing commercially available mabs to human leukocyte antigens and major histocompatibility molecules (mhc) for the ... | 2017 | 28652982 |
| the occurrence of three d-j-c clusters within the dromedary trb locus highlights a shared evolution in tylopoda, ruminantia and suina. | the αβ t cells are important components of the adaptive immune system and can recognize a vast array of peptides presented by mhc molecules. the ability of these t cells to recognize the complex depends on the diversity of the αβ tr, which is generated by a recombination of specific variable, diversity and joining genes for the β chain, and variable and joining genes for the α chain. in this study, we analysed the genomic structure and the gene content of the trb locus in camelus dromedarius, wh ... | 2017 | 28577760 |
| echography of clinically relevant disorders in the genital tract of female dromedary camels. | the aim of this study was to characterize the clinically relevant genital tract disorders of dromedary camels. reproductive tract examinations were performed via transrectal palpation, ultrasonography and vaginal exploration. the ultrasonic appearance of the reproductive pathology was described and compared with its morphology at laparotomy, after surgical removal, during postmortem examination or upon slaughter. diagnosis was also confirmed by histopathology. the most frequently encountered fol ... | 2017 | 28545987 |
| production and preclinical assessment of camelid immunoglobulins against echis sochureki venom from desert of rajasthan, india. | snakebite is a significant cause of death and disability in subsistent farming populations of rural india. antivenom is the most effective treatment of envenoming and is manufactured from igg of venom-immunised horses. because of complex fiscal reasons, the production, testing and delivery of antivenoms designed to treat envenoming by the most medically-important snakes in the region has been questioned time to time. in this study, we report successful immunisation of dromedaries (camelus dromed ... | 2017 | 28528176 |
| in vitro production of sudanese camel (camelus dromedarius) embryos from epididymal spermatozoa and follicular oocytes of slaughtered animals. | application of assisted reproductive technology in camelidea, such as artificial insemination (ai) and embryo transfer, has been slow in comparison to that for other livestock species. in egypt, there are few attempts to establish in vitro maturation (ivm) and fertilization (ivf) techniques in dromedary camel. the present study was carried out to produce sudanese camel embryos using in vitro matured oocytes and epididymal spermatozoa. dromedary camel ovaries were collected from abattoirs and the ... | 2017 | 28525345 |
| morphometric assessment of in vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes determines the developmental competence after parthenogenetic activation. | the aim of the current study was to improve the selection method of camel oocytes after in vitro maturation by reducing exclusion criteria that were based only on the presence of the first polar body. a combined nuclear and morphometric assessment of camel oocytes after in vitro maturation was included to perform a judgment. the nuclear status of the oocytes, including the presence of the first polar body, meiosis i stage, and lack of nuclear materials, was investigated. the morphometric criteri ... | 2017 | 28460668 |
| seroprevalence of brucella antibodies in camels in katsina state, nigeria. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the status of brucella infection in one-humped (dromedary) camels in the north and central senatorial districts of katsina state, nigeria. nine hundred and eighty serum samples from live and slaughtered camels were tested. modified rose bengal plate test (rbpt) and serum agglutination test (sat) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, (edta) were used as screening and standard tests, respectively. the prevalence of brucella antibodies were 110 ( ... | 2017 | 28456876 |
| antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel (camelus dromedarius) milk on spontaneously hypertensive rats. | hypertension is one of the most common diseases in worldwide, thus prevention of hypertension is important in reducing the risks of cardiovascular disease. milk contains bioactive peptides released during milk fermentation which lead to exhibit angiotensin i converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory. | 2017 | 28421799 |
| effects of natural environment on reproductive histo-morphometric dynamics of female dromedary camel. | camel shows a seasonal breeding pattern with enhanced reproductive activity during the period of low climatic temperature, high rainfall and better food conditions. therefore, the study was conducted to explore the underlying seasonal effects on histological dimensions of reproductive tract in adult female one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) kept in the natural environment of pakistan. a total 25 reproductive tracts were collected during spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons and were anal ... | 2017 | 28413155 |
| investigation of the osteometry of the skull of the one-humped camels. part ii: sex dimorphism and geographical variations in adults. | sexual dimorphism in the skull of different species has been of importance in archaeological, forensic and anatomical studies; also, a variation in phenotypic and genetic traits across geographic space is a recurring phenomenon in biological species. this study investigated 10 adult camels from each of three geographical locations in northern nigeria, for sex- and location-based variations in the skulls. in one location, male skulls had greater absolute osteometric values but there were no signi ... | 2012 | 22893998 |
| osteometry of the skull of one-humped camels. part i: immature animals. | the aim of this study was to investigate osteometric indices of immature camels (2-3 years old) in nigeria. the cranial length, viscerocranial length, maximum zygomatic width, neurocranial volume, skull and facial index for females and males were 22.1 cm and 22.3 cm; 16.3 cm and 16.7 cm; 15.8 cm and 16.1 cm; 479 ml and 496 ml; 40.9 and 41.3, and 96.4 and 96.2 respectively. the mean orbital horizontal and vertical diameters of young camels were similar to each other giving a near complete circula ... | 2012 | 22893997 |
| bionomics of ticks collected from sinai peninsula: 2- abundance, attachment sites, and density estimators of ticks infesting arabian camels. | ten camels were examined monthly from january to december 1999, in beer lehfen north sinai gavernorate. a total of 5468 adult ticks of 6 species and subspecies of genus hyalomma; h. dromedrii, h. ipmeltatum, h. a. excavatum, h. a. anatolicum, h. schulzei, and h. marginatum rufipes, in addition to 115 hyalomma nymphs' species were collected. of these, the first 4 types represented about 96.2% of the total collection. the infestation rate was higher during the period from march to november. the av ... | 2001 | 11478447 |
| a quantitative study on the retial arteries in one-humped camels. | the brain arteries of camels were injected with latex and the rostral epidural rete mirabile, which is situated inside the cavernous sinus at the base of the brain, was studied both grossly and quantitatively. the rostral epidural rete mirabile is formed by the retial branches of the maxillary and external ophthalmic arteries and also the internal carotid artery. when the ratio of the blood supply to the rete was estimated from the diameter of each vessel, it was found that the branches of the m ... | 1998 | 9728280 |
| gross and histologic study of the rostral epidural rete mirabile and the cavernous sinus in one-humped camels. | gross and histologic features of the rostral epidural rete mirabile (carotid rete) and the cavernous sinus in one-humped camels were studied. it was evident that the branches of the carotid rete share a common tunica adventitia with the veins of the cavernous sinus. transmission electron microscopy of the rostral epidural rete mirabile and the cavernous sinus revealed gap junctions in endothelial cells lining the walls of the arterial rete branches and veins. the internal elastic lamina of rete ... | 1991 | 1892276 |
| cephalopina titillator (clark 1797) infection in saudi arabian camels. | | 1983 | 6650025 |
| a study of induced dysfunction of the facial nerve in one-humped camels. | | 1972 | 5039471 |
| hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses. | the four endemic human coronaviruses hcov-229e, -nl63, -oc43, and -hku1 contribute a considerable share of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. while their clinical representation resembles that of many other agents of the common cold, their evolutionary histories, and host associations could provide important insights into the natural history of past human pandemics. for two of these viruses, we have strong evidence suggesting an origin in major livestock species ... | 2018 | 29551135 |
| development and utilization of vhh antibodies derived from camelus dromedarius against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is an acute, highly contagious, and economically devastating viral disease of domestic and wildlife species. for effective implementation of fmd control program, there is an imperative need for developing a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostics which help in the identification of serotypes involved in the outbreaks. the humoral immune response of the camelidae is unique since in these animals 75% of circulating antibodies are constituted by heavy-chain antibodie ... | 2018 | 29527970 |
| importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on mers-cov spike to avoid neutralization escape. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes a highly lethal pulmonary infection with ∼35% mortality. the potential for a future pandemic originating from animal reservoirs or healthcare-associated events is a major public health concern. there are no vaccines or therapeutic agents currently available for mers-cov. using a probe-based single b cell-cloning strategy, we have identified and characterized multiple neutralizing mabs specifically binding to the receptor binding doma ... | 2018 | 29514901 |
| rapid detection of mers coronavirus-like viruses in bats: pote1ntial for tracking mers coronavirus transmission and animal origin. | recently, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based rapid nucleocapsid protein detection assay for diagnosis of mers coronavirus (mers-cov) in humans and dromedary camels. in this study, we examined the usefulness of this assay to detect other lineage c betacoronaviruses closely related to mers-cov in bats. the rapid mers-cov nucleocapsid protein detection assay was tested positive in 24 (88.9%) of 27 tylonycteris bat cov hku4 (ty-batcov-hku4) rna-positive alimentary samples of tylonycteris pachy ... | 2018 | 29511173 |
| mers coronaviruses from camels in africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. although mers-cov infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across africa as well as in the arabian peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the arabian peninsula. mers-covs from africa have hitherto been poorly studied. we genetically and phenotypically characterized mers-cov from dromedaries sam ... | 2018 | 29507189 |
| blood meal identification in the cryptic species anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii using maldi-tof ms. | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently emerged in entomology as a technique to identify arthropods and their blood meal source. in this study, female anopheles gambiae were fed on five host blood sources: ocelot (leopardus pardalis), binturong (arctictis binturong), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), jaguar (panthera onca) and hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), while anopheles coluzzii were fed on three hosts: dromedary (camelus ... | 2018 | 30052501 |
| identification of a novel betacoronavirus (merbecovirus) in amur hedgehogs from china. | while dromedaries are the immediate animal source of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) epidemic, viruses related to mers coronavirus (mers-cov) have also been found in bats as well as hedgehogs. to elucidate the evolution of mers-cov-related viruses and their interspecies transmission pathway, samples were collected from different mammals in china. a novel coronavirus related to mers-cov, erinaceus amurensis hedgehog coronavirus hku31 (ea-hedcov hku31), was identified from two amur hedgeho ... | 2019 | 31653070 |
| adaptive evolution of mers-cov to species variation in dpp4. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) likely originated in bats and passed to humans through dromedary camels; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying cross-species adaptation remain poorly understood. variation in the host receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4), can block the interaction with the mers-cov spike protein and form a species barrier to infection. to better understand the species adaptability of mers-cov, we identified a suboptimal species-derived variant of dp ... | 2018 | 30110630 |
| [advances in the animal models of mers-cov]. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was first isolated in 2012 from patients that died from severe pneumonia. it was another coronavirus which resulted in severe infection of humans, apart from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. the development of an appropriate animal model is necessary to study the pathogenesis and to evaluate the intervening measures against mers-cov infection. to date, several small animals(e.g., mice, syrian hamsters, and ferrets) hav ... | 2016 | 29963837 |
| immunization of human hepatitis e viruses conferred protection against challenge by a camel hepatitis e virus. | dromedary camel hepatitis e virus is a novel hev that belongs to the family hepeviridae, and is classified as genotype 7 hev (hev-7). since hev-7 is transmitted from camels to humans and causes acute hepatitis e, this virus is a non-negligible pathogen for zoonosis, and a vaccine against hev-7 infection is urgently needed. here, we first intravenously inoculated hev-7 to rhesus monkeys to explore the susceptibility, and we established an animal model. we then used virus-like particles (vlps) of ... | 2020 | 32980200 |
| evaluation of the immune status of birds and domestic and companion animals for the influenza a virus in eastern saudi arabia. | influenza type a virus infections are still one of the major concerns for the health of humans and various species of domestic and companion animals. wild birds play an essential role in the transmission cycle of the virus. regularly monitoring the spread of the virus is a significant step in its mitigation. highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including h5n1 and h5n8, have been reported in birds in the arabian peninsula, including saudi arabia, in recent decades. this study aimed to evalu ... | 2020 | 33132612 |
| first report of pcr-based detection of helicobacter species dna in camelus dromedarius in egypt. | helicobacter species infections have epidemiological and zoonotic impacts, and different species of helicobacter have been implicated in infecting humans and animals. the aim of this study was to investigate helicobacter species infections in camelus dromedarius. | 2020 | 33132603 |
| high rate of circulating mers-cov in dromedary camels at slaughterhouses in riyadh, 2019. | mers-cov is a zoonotic virus that has emerged in humans in 2012 and caused severe respiratory illness with a mortality rate of 34.4%. since its appearance, mers-cov has been reported in 27 countries and most of these cases were in saudi arabia. so far, dromedaries are considered to be the intermediate host and the only known source of human infection. this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and the infection rate of mers-cov in slaughtered food-camels in riyadh, saudi arabia. a t ... | 2020 | 33120981 |
| the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the breath of some infected dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | dromedary camels remain the currently identified reservoir for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). the virus is released in the secretions of the infected camels, especially the nasal tract. the virus shedding curve through the nasal secretions was studied. although human transmission of the virus through the respiratory tract of close contact people with dromedary reported previously, the exact mechanism of transmission is still largely unknown. the main goal of this st ... | 2020 | 33050973 |
| human animal interface of sars-cov-2 (covid-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence. | coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to infect both humans and animals. however, the evidence of inter-transmission of coronavirus between humans and companion animals is still a debatable issue. there is substantial evidence that the virus outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission because this new virus belongs to the same family of viruses as sars-cov associated with civet cats, and mers-cov associated with dromedary camels. while the whole world is investigating the po ... | 2020 | 32926266 |
| susceptibility to sars, mers, and covid-19 from animal health perspective. | viruses are having great time as they seem to have bogged humans down. severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), and novel coronavirus (covid-19) are the three major coronaviruses of present-day global human and animal health concern. covid-19 caused by sars-cov-2 is identified as the newest disease, presumably of bat origin. different theories on the evolution of viruses are in circulation, yet there is no denying the fact that the animal source is the s ... | 2020 | 32821661 |
| first report on bartonella henselae in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | bartonellosis is one of the clinically underdiagnosed emerging bacterial diseases among domestic livestock, particularly in camels. until now, the natural infection of camels with bartonella species was not investigated in tunisia. in the attempt of filling this gap in knowledge, a total of 412 dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) as well as 300 associated ticks (hyalomma dromedarii (160; 53.4%), h. impeltatum (131; 43.6%) and h. excavatum (9; 3%) were screened for the presence of bartonella s ... | 2020 | 32777455 |
| isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in samburu county, kenya. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria are of public health significance, and zoonotic infection is attributed to the sociocultural practice of consumption of raw milk and the close human-livestock contact in pastoral communities. this study aimed at isolation, identification of mycobacteria from human sputum and camel milk and risk factors assessment in samburu east, kenya. six hundred and twelve camels and 48 people presumed to have tuberculosis (tb) from 86 households in wamba and waso regions were scr ... | 2020 | 32697047 |
| characterization of salmonella frintrop isolated from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | different studies have reported the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of salmonella in dromedary camels and its role in camelid-associated salmonellosis in humans, but little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter in dromedaries. here, we investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of campylobacter and salmonella in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). a total of 54 individuals were sampled from two different dromedary farms located in tenerife (canary ... | 2020 | 32678976 |
| genome-wide diversity and global migration patterns in dromedaries follow ancient caravan routes. | dromedaries have been essential for the prosperity of civilizations in arid environments and the dispersal of humans, goods and cultures along ancient, cross-continental trading routes. with increasing desertification their importance as livestock species is rising rapidly, but little is known about their genome-wide diversity and demographic history. as previous studies using few nuclear markers found weak phylogeographic structure, here we detected fine-scale population differentiation in drom ... | 2020 | 32678279 |
| genomic signatures of domestication in old world camels. | domestication begins with the selection of animals showing less fear of humans. in most domesticates, selection signals for tameness have been superimposed by intensive breeding for economical or other desirable traits. old world camels, conversely, have maintained high genetic variation and lack secondary bottlenecks associated with breed development. by re-sequencing multiple genomes from dromedaries, bactrian camels, and their endangered wild relatives, here we show that positive selection fo ... | 2020 | 32561887 |
| challenge infection model for mers-cov based on naturally infected camels. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging virus that infects humans and camels with no approved antiviral therapy or vaccine. some vaccines are in development for camels as a one-health intervention where vaccinating camels is proposed to reduce human viral exposure. this intervention will require an understanding of the prior exposure of camels to the virus and appropriate vaccine efficacy studies in camels. | 2020 | 32552831 |
| genomic sequencing and analysis of eight camel-derived middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) isolates in saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe respiratory illness in humans; the second-largest and most deadly outbreak to date occurred in saudi arabia. the dromedary camel is considered a possible host of the virus and also to act as a reservoir, transmitting the virus to humans. here, we studied evolutionary relationships for 31 complete genomes of betacoronaviruses, including eight newly sequenced mers-cov genomes isolated from dromedary camels in saudi arabia. throu ... | 2020 | 32503352 |
| gangrenous mastitis in dromedary camels in uae caused by streptococcus agalactiae. | mastitis is a disease of economic concern that affects dairy industry worldwide. this study aimed to investigate and identify possible etiologies encountered in an episode of acute gangrenous mastitis in lactating she-camels in al dhafra region, abu dhabi emirate, united arab emirates (uae). beside the routine clinical examination, conventional bacteriological methods were used to isolate and identify possible aerobic/anaerobic bacterial or fungal pathogens from cultured milk samples collected f ... | 2020 | 32493341 |
| seroprevalence of dromedary camel hev in domestic and imported camels from saudi arabia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) imposes a major health concern in areas with very poor sanitation in africa and asia. the pathogen is transmitted mainly through ingesting contaminated water or food, coming into contact with affected people, and blood transfusions. very few reports including old reports are available on the prevalence of hev in saudi arabia in humans and no reports exist on hev prevalence in camels. dromedary camel trade and farming are increasing in saudi arabia with importation occurri ... | 2020 | 32443401 |
| molecular evolution and structural mapping of n-terminal domain in spike gene of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen circulating in the arabian peninsula since 2012. there is no vaccine for mers and anti-viral treatment is generally not applicable. we investigated the evolution of the mers-cov spike gene sequences and changes in viral loads over time from patients in saudi arabia from 2105-2017. all the mers-cov strains belonged to lineage 5, and showed high sequence homology (99.9%) to 2017 strains. recombination analysi ... | 2020 | 32370153 |
| properties of coronavirus and sars-cov-2. | were identified beginning with the discovery of sars-cov in 2002. with the recent detection of sars-cov-2, there are now seven human coronaviruses. those that cause mild diseases are the 229e, oc43, nl63 and hku1, and the pathogenic species are sars-cov, mers-cov and sars-cov-2 coronaviruses (order nidovirales, family coronaviridae, and subfamily orthocoronavirinae) are spherical (125nm diameter), and enveloped with club-shaped spikes on the surface giving the appearance of a solar corona. withi ... | 2020 | 32342926 |
| ca2+ ions promote fusion of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus with host cells and increase infectivity. | fusion with, and subsequent entry into, the host cell is one of the critical steps in the life cycle of enveloped viruses. for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), the spike (s) protein is the main determinant of viral entry. proteolytic cleavage of the s protein exposes its fusion peptide (fp), which initiates the process of membrane fusion. previous studies on the related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) fp have shown that calcium ions (ca2+) play an ... | 2020 | 32295925 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) seropositive camel handlers in kenya. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is a respiratory disease caused by a zoonotic coronavirus (mers-cov). camel handlers, including slaughterhouse workers and herders, are at risk of acquiring mers-cov infections. however, there is limited evidence of infections among camel handlers in africa. the purpose of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies to mers-cov in high-risk groups in kenya. sera collected from 93 camel handlers, 58 slaughterhouse workers and 35 camel herders, we ... | 2020 | 32260186 |
| coxiella burnetii in camels (camelus dromedarius) from algeria: seroprevalence, molecular characterization, and ticks (acari: ixodidae) vectors. | q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by coxiella burnetii that most commonly infects not only a variety of mammals but also arthropods and in particularly ticks. the aim of this study was to detect c. burnetii infection in camels including ixodid ticks using serological and molecular assays. between july 2018 to june 2019, blood samples from 184 male and female camels (camelus dromedarius) were collected from 3 regions of south-east algeria and serum samples were tested for antibodies ... | 2020 | 32173315 |
| zoonotic implications of camel diseases in iran. | approximately 60% of all human pathogens and 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (of animal origin). camel zoonotic diseases can be encountered in all camel-rearing countries. in this article, all studies carried out on camel zoonotic diseases in iran are reviewed to show the importance of camels for public health in this country. more than 900 published documents were systematically searched to find relevant studies from 1,890 until late 2018. the collected articles were classified ... | 2020 | 32160657 |
| seroprevalence of middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus in dromedaries and their traders in upper egypt. | camel trade in egypt depends mainly on importation. seemingly healthy imported camels are responsible for the ingress of serious diseases into egypt. a striking example of this concerning public health globally is the middle east respiratory coronavirus (mers-cov) which causes case fatalities of over 34%. here, we determined the seroepidemiological situation of the mers-cov in imported camels and their traders in upper egypt. | 2020 | 32146454 |
| spatial association between primary middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and exposure to dromedary camels in saudi arabia. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is an emerging zoonotic disease. exposure to dromedary camels (camelus dromedaries) has been consistently considered the main source of primary human infection. although saudi arabia reports the highest rate of human mers-cov infection and has one of the largest populations of dromedary camels worldwide, their spatial association has not yet been investigated. thus, this study aimed to examine the correlation between the spatial distributio ... | 2020 | 32112508 |
| ticks and associated pathogens in camels (camelus dromedarius) from riyadh province, saudi arabia. | camel production in saudi arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. ticks and tick-borne pathogens (tbps) affect the health and wellbeing of camels consequently diminishing their productivity and performances. in addition, camels may act as hosts for tbps (e.g. anaplasma phagocytophilum) causing diseases in humans. the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from sa ... | 2020 | 32111251 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) infection causes a spectrum of respiratory illness, from asymptomatic to mild to fatal. mers-cov is transmitted sporadically from dromedary camels to humans and occasionally through human-to-human contact. current epidemiologic evidence supports a major role in transmission for direct contact with live camels or humans with symptomatic mers, but little evidence suggests the possibility of transmission from camel products or asymptomatic mer ... | 2020 | 31961300 |
| camelids: new players in the international animal production context. | the camelidae family comprises the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus), the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius), and four species of south american camelids: llama (lama glama), alpaca (lama pacos) guanaco (lama guanicoe), and vicuña (vicugna vicugna). the main characteristic of these species is their ability to cope with either hard climatic conditions like those found in arid regions (bactrian and dromedary camels) or high-altitude landscapes like those found in south america (south american ... | 2020 | 31898022 |
| antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in humans. | the middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is the second novel zoonotic disease infecting humans caused by coronavirus (cov) in this century. to date, more than 2200 laboratory-confirmed human cases have been identified in 27 countries, and more than 800 mers-cov associated deaths have been reported since its outbreak in 2012. rapid laboratory diagnosis of mers-cov is the key to successful containment and prevention of the spread of infection. though the gold standard for diagnosing mers-cov in ... | 2020 | 31883089 |
| zoonotic parasites of dromedary camels: so important, so ignored. | with a global population of about 35 million in 47 countries, dromedary camels play a crucial role in the economy of many marginal, desert areas of the world where they survive under harsh conditions. nonetheless, there is scarce knowledge regarding camels' parasite fauna which can reduce their milk and meat productions. in addition, only scattered information is available about zoonotic parasites transmitted to humans via contamination (e.g. cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, balantidium ... | 2019 | 31881926 |