| phenotype and animal domestication: a study of dental variation between domestic, wild, captive, hybrid and insular sus scrofa. | identifying the phenotypic responses to domestication remains a long-standing and important question for researchers studying its early history. the great diversity in domestic animals and plants that exists today bears testament to the profound changes that domestication has induced in their ancestral wild forms over the last millennia. domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which wild organisms are moved to new anthropogenic environments. although modern genetics are significantly ... | 2015 | 25648385 |
| traditional zootherapeutic studies in india: a review. | the present study aims to review the zootherapeutic practices of the different ethnic communities of india. this work is also an attempt to present a list of animals' use for medicinal purposes by different communities of india. data were gathered from 15 published research papers of various authors on zootherapeutic studies in india from 2000 to 2007. approximately 109 animals and their 270 uses are reported in traditional medicine in different parts of india. of these, the highest numbers of a ... | 2008 | 18634551 |
| collagenase promotes the cellular responses to injury and wound healing in vivo. | this study focuses on the growth-promoting and migration-enhancing role that clostridial collagenase plays in vitro and in vivo. | 2005 | 16921413 |
| increased sinusoidal flow is not the primary stimulus to liver regeneration. | hemodynamic changes in the liver remnant following partial hepatectomy (phx) have been suggested to be a primary stimulus in triggering liver regeneration. we hypothesized that it is the increased sinusoidal flow per se and hence the shear-stress stimulus on the endothelial surface within the liver remnant which is the main stimulus to regeneration. in order to test this hypothesis we wanted to increase the sinusoidal flow without performing a concomitant liver resection. accordingly, we constru ... | 2010 | 20148099 |
| physiologic compliance in engineered small-diameter arterial constructs based on an elastomeric substrate. | compliance mismatch is a significant challenge to long-term patency in small-diameter bypass grafts because it causes intimal hyperplasia and ultimately graft occlusion. current engineered grafts are typically stiff with high burst pressure but low compliance and low elastin expression. we postulated that engineering small arteries on elastomeric scaffolds under dynamic mechanical stimulation would result in strong and compliant arterial constructs. this study compares properties of engineered a ... | 2009 | 19962188 |
| the risk of extrapolation in neuroanatomy: the case of the mammalian vomeronasal system. | the sense of smell plays a crucial role in mammalian social and sexual behaviour, identification of food, and detection of predators. nevertheless, mammals vary in their olfactory ability. one reason for this concerns the degree of development of their pars basalis rhinencephali, an anatomical feature that has been considered in classifying this group of animals as macrosmatic, microsmatic or anosmatic. in mammals, different structures are involved in detecting odours: the main olfactory system, ... | 2009 | 19949452 |
| surgical porcine myocardial infarction model through permanent coronary occlusion. | using domestic pigs as an animal model, we here validated a reproducible and standardized myocardial infarction (mi) surgical model, to achieve the largest possible infarct extent with the lowest morbidity and mortality. to this end, we included several anesthetic and perisurgical precautions to minimize surgical complications. mortality and morbidity rates were compared among groups of pigs that underwent permanent occlusion at different locations of either the left circumflex or left anterior ... | 0 | 22330353 |
| characterization of porcine ventral mesencephalic precursor cells following long-term propagation in 3d culture. | the potential use of predifferentiated neural precursor cells for treatment of a neurological disorder like parkinson's disease combines stem cell research with previous experimental and clinical transplantation of developing dopaminergic neurons. one current obstacle is, however, the lack of ability to generate dopaminergic neurons after long-term in vitro propagation of the cells. the domestic pig is considered a useful nonprimate large animal model in neuroscience, because of a better resembl ... | 2012 | 23258982 |
| a gene expression atlas of the domestic pig. | this work describes the first genome-wide analysis of the transcriptional landscape of the pig. a new porcine affymetrix expression array was designed in order to provide comprehensive coverage of the known pig transcriptome. the new array was used to generate a genome-wide expression atlas of pig tissues derived from 62 tissue/cell types. these data were subjected to network correlation analysis and clustering. | 2012 | 23153189 |
| analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution. | for 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. from domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic duroc pig (sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from europe and asia. wild pigs emerged in south east asia and subsequently spread across eurasia. our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between eu ... | 0 | 23151582 |
| high-resolution autosomal radiation hybrid maps of the pig genome and their contribution to the genome sequence assembly. | the release of the porcine genome sequence offers great perspectives for pig genetics and genomics, and more generally will contribute to the understanding of mammalian genome biology and evolution. the process of producing a complete genome sequence of high quality, while facilitated by high-throughput sequencing technologies, remains a difficult task. the porcine genome was sequenced using a combination of a hierarchical shotgun strategy and data generated with whole genome shotgun. in additio ... | 2012 | 23153393 |
| strong signatures of selection in the domestic pig genome. | domestication of wild boar (sus scrofa) and subsequent selection have resulted in dramatic phenotypic changes in domestic pigs for a number of traits, including behavior, body composition, reproduction, and coat color. here we have used whole-genome resequencing to reveal some of the loci that underlie phenotypic evolution in european domestic pigs. selective sweep analyses revealed strong signatures of selection at three loci harboring quantitative trait loci that explain a considerable part of ... | 2012 | 23151514 |
| cathelicidins: family of antimicrobial peptides. a review. | cathelicidins are small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides found in humans and other species, including farm animals (cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits and in some species of fish). these proteolytically activated peptides are part of the innate immune system of many vertebrates. these peptides show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi. apart from exerting direct antimicrobial effects, cathelicidins can also trigger specific ... | 2012 | 23065264 |
| lymphocyte depletion in experimental hemorrhagic shock in swine. | | 2012 | 23009382 |
| detection and molecular characterization of porcine picobirnavirus in feces of domestic pigs from kolkata, india. | picobirnaviruses (pbvs) are small, non-enveloped, 35-41 nm virion with bisegmented double-stranded rna genome. pbvs are widespread and were detected in feces of humans and a wide variety of animals. domestic pig, one of the ubiquitous farm animal reported incessant association with a variety of viral zoonoses. the objective of our study is to find out the incidence of pbv infection in healthy domestic pigs. the study was conducted by collecting feces of healthy/asymptomatic pigs from a piggery l ... | 2012 | 24293831 |
| cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in domestic pigs (sus scrofa). | we describe the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium pig genotype ii and propose the species name cryptosporidium scrofarum n. sp. to reflect its prevalence in adult pigs worldwide. oocysts of c. scrofarum are morphologically indistinguishable from c. parvum, measuring 4.81-5.96 μm (mean=5.16)×4.23-5.29 μm (mean=4.83) with a length to width ratio of 1.07±0.06 (n=400). oocysts of c. scrofarum obtained from a naturally infected pig were infectious for 8-week- ... | 2012 | 23021264 |
| theria-specific homeodomain and cis-regulatory element evolution of the dlx3-4 bigene cluster in 12 different mammalian species. | the mammalian dlx3 and dlx4 genes are configured as a bigene cluster, and their respective expression patterns are controlled temporally and spatially by cis-elements that largely reside within the intergenic region of the cluster. previous work revealed that there are conspicuously conserved elements within the intergenic region of the dlx3-4 bigene clusters of mouse and human. in this paper we have extended these analyses to include 12 additional mammalian taxa (including a marsupial and a mon ... | 2012 | 22951979 |
| microsatellite markers for identification and parentage analysis in the european wild boar (sus scrofa). | the wild boar (sus scrofa) is among the most widespread mammal species throughout the old world. presently, studies concerning microsatellites in domestic pigs and wild boars have been carried out in order to investigate domestication, social behavior and general diversity patterns among either populations or breeds. the purpose of the current study is to develop a robust set of microsatellites markers for parentage analyses and individual identification. | 2012 | 22943565 |
| altered expression of porcine piwi genes and pirna during development. | three sus scrofa piwi genes (piwil1, piwil2 and piwil4) encoding proteins of 861, 985 and 853 aminoacids, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. alignment of the piwi proteins showed the high identity between sus scrofa and homo sapiens. relative transcript abundance of porcine piwil1, piwil2 and piwil4 genes in testes, ovaries and oocytes derived from sexually immature and mature animals was examined using real-time pcr. expression of the three piwi mrnas was proved to be tissue specific and ... | 2012 | 22952772 |
| porcine kobuvirus in wild boars (sus scrofa). | fecal samples (n = 10) from 6- to 8-week-old wild boar piglets (sus scrofa), collected from an animal park in hungary in april 2011, were analyzed using viral metagenomics and complete genome sequencing. kobuvirus (genus kobuvirus, family picornaviridae) was detected in all (100 %) specimens, with the closest nucleotide (89 %) and amino acid (94 %) sequence identity of the strain wild boar/wb1-hun/2011/hun (jx177612) to the prototype porcine kobuvirus s-1-hun (eu787450). this study suggests that ... | 2012 | 22926717 |
| phylogenetic evidence that two distinct trichuris genotypes infect both humans and non-human primates. | although there has been extensive debate about whether trichuris suis and trichuris trichiura are separate species, only one species of the whipworm t. trichiura has been considered to infect humans and non-human primates. in order to investigate potential cross infection of trichuris sp. between baboons and humans in the cape peninsula, south africa, we sequenced the its1-5.8s-its2 region of adult trichuris sp. worms isolated from five baboons from three different troops, namely the cape penins ... | 2012 | 22952922 |
| nad(p)h cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase deficiency in leishmania major results in impaired linoleate synthesis followed by increased oxidative stress and cell death. | nad(p)h cytochrome b(5) oxidoreductase (ncb5or), comprising cytochrome b(5) and cytochrome b(5) reductase domains, is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. although ncb5or plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism of mice, so far no ncb5or gene has been reported in the unicellular parasitic protozoa leishmania species. we have cloned, expressed, and characterized ncb5or gene from leishmania major. steady state catalysis and spectral studies show that nadh can quickly reduce the ferric state ... | 2012 | 22923617 |
| characterization and repeat analysis of the compact genome of the freshwater pufferfish tetraodon nigroviridis. | tetraodon nigroviridis is a freshwater pufferfish 20-30 million years distant from fugu rubripes. the genome of both tetraodontiforms is compact, mostly because intergenic and intronic sequences are reduced in size compared to other vertebrate genomes. the previously uncharacterized tetraodon genome is described here together with a detailed analysis of its repeat content and organization. we report the sequencing of 46 megabases of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) end sequences, which repr ... | 0 | 10899143 |
| centromeric heterochromation exchange by an autosomal reciprocal 1/16 translocation in the pig (sus scrofa domestica). | | 0 | 22896238 |
| identification of the x chromosome of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica). | | 0 | 22896166 |
| [not available]. | | 0 | 22896144 |
| identification of the chromosomes of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica). an identification key and a landmark system. | | 0 | 22896553 |
| quantitative pcr method for sensitive detection of ruminant fecal pollution in freshwater and evaluation of this method in alpine karstic regions. | a quantitative taqman minor-groove binder real-time pcr assay was developed for the sensitive detection of a ruminant-specific genetic marker in fecal members of the phylum bacteroidetes. the qualitative and quantitative detection limits determined were 6 and 20 marker copies per pcr, respectively. tested ruminant feces contained an average of 4.1 x 10(9) marker equivalents per g, allowing the detection of 1.7 ng of feces per filter in fecal suspensions. the marker was detected in water samples ... | 0 | 16885315 |
| retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. | reconstruction of the placental mammalian (eutherian) evolutionary tree has undergone diverse revisions, and numerous aspects remain hotly debated. initial hierarchical divisions based on morphology contained many misgroupings due to features that evolved independently by similar selection processes. molecular analyses corrected many of these misgroupings and the superordinal hierarchy of placental mammals was recently assembled into four clades. however, long or rapid evolutionary periods, as w ... | 2006 | 16515367 |
| metallothioneins, unconventional proteins from unconventional animals: a long journey from nematodes to mammals. | metallothioneins (mts) are ubiquitous low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins characterized by high affinity for d10 electron configuration metals, including essential (zn and cu) and non-essential (cd and hg) trace elements. the biological role of these ancient and well-conserved multifunctional proteins has been debated since mts were first discovered in 1957. their main hypothesized functions are: (1) homeostasis of zn and cu; (2) detoxification of cd, and hg; and (3) free radical scaveng ... | 2014 | 24970224 |
| cone photoreceptors develop normally in the absence of functional rod photoreceptors in a transgenic swine model of retinitis pigmentosa. | human and swine retinas have morphological and functional similarities. in the absence of primate models, the swine is an attractive model to study retinal function and disease, with its cone-rich visual streak, our ability to manipulate their genome, and the differences in susceptibility of rod and cone photoreceptors to disease. we characterized the normal development of cone function and its subsequent decline in a p23h rhodopsin transgenic (tgp23h) miniswine model of autosomal dominant rp. | 2014 | 24618325 |
| whole-genome sequencing of berkshire (european native pig) provides insights into its origin and domestication. | domesticated organisms have experienced strong selective pressures directed at genes or genomic regions controlling traits of biological, agricultural or medical importance. the genome of native and domesticated pigs provide a unique opportunity for tracing the history of domestication and identifying signatures of artificial selection. here we used whole-genome sequencing to explore the genetic relationships among the european native pig berkshire and breeds that are distributed worldwide, and ... | 2014 | 24728479 |
| technical development of a new semispherical radiofrequency bipolar device (ronja): ex vivo and in vivo studies. | the aim of this study is to inform about the development of a new semispherical surgical instrument for the bipolar multielectrode radiofrequency liver ablation. present tools are universal; however they have several disadvantages such as ablation of healthy tissue, numerous needle punctures, and, therefore, longer operating procedure. our newly designed and tested semispherical surgical tool can solve some of these disadvantages. by conducting an in vivo study on a set of 12 pigs, randomly divi ... | 2014 | 24812620 |
| inflammation blood and tissue factors of plaque growth in an experimental model evidenced by a systems approach. | the multifactorial pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerotic lesion formation has been investigated in a swine model of high cholesterol diet induced atherogenesis and data processed by a systems approach. | 2014 | 24778640 |
| identification of g protein-coupled estrogen receptor in human and pig spermatozoa. | estrogens are known to influence functional properties of mammalian spermatozoa inducing rapid responses through the classical estrogen receptors (erα and erβ). recently, the g protein-coupled estrogen receptor (gper) has been identified as mediator of fast non-genomic estrogen effects in different cells. this work investigated the expression of gper in human and pig spermatozoa using immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and rt-pcr. gper was found to be confined to the mid-piece of human sp ... | 2014 | 24697543 |
| black cobra (naja naja karachiensis) lysates exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. | it is hypothesized that animals living in polluted environments possess antimicrobials to counter pathogenic microbes. the fact that snakes feed on germ-infested rodents suggests that they encounter pathogenic microbes and likely possess antimicrobials. the venom is used only to paralyze the rodent, but the ability of snakes to counter potential infections in the gut due to disease-ridden rodents requires robust action of the immune system against a broad range of pathogens. to test this hypothe ... | 2014 | 24625321 |
| segmented filamentous bacteria: commensal microbes with potential effects on research. | segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb) are commensal bacteria that were first identified in the ilea of mice and rats. morphologically similar bacteria occur in a broad range of host species, but all strains have been refractory to in vitro culture thus far. although sfb were once considered innocuous members of the intestinal microbiota of laboratory rodents, they are now known to affect the development of the immune system in rodents and, subsequently, the phenotype of models of both enteric and ... | 0 | 24674582 |
| novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus attachment to the respiratory tract of five animal models. | we determined the pattern of attachment of the avian-origin h7n9 influenza viruses a/anhui/1/2013 and a/shanghai/1/2013 to the respiratory tract in ferrets, macaques, mice, pigs, and guinea pigs and compared it to that in humans. the h7n9 attachment pattern in macaques, mice, and to a lesser extent pigs and guinea pigs resembled that in humans more closely than the attachment pattern in ferrets. this information contributes to our knowledge of the different animal models for influenza. | 2014 | 24478425 |
| porcine salivary analysis by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis in 3 models of acute stress: a pilot study. | the purpose of this research was to study changes in the salivary proteome of healthy pigs in stressful situations to identify any potential new salivary biomarker of stress. three groups of animals were subjected to 3 stress models: snaring restraint followed by simulated sampling of vena cava blood; brief transport by road; and restriction of movement in a digestibility cage. saliva was obtained from each animal before and 15 and 30 min after the induction of stress. the samples from the anima ... | 0 | 24688174 |
| genome-wide association studies for hematological traits in chinese sutai pigs. | it has been shown that hematological traits are strongly associated with the metabolism and the immune system in domestic pig. however, little is known about the genetic architecture of hematological traits. to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling hematological traits, we performed single marker genome-wide association studies (gwas) and haplotype analysis for 15 hematological traits in 495 chinese sutai pigs. | 2014 | 24674592 |
| medieval horse stable; the results of multi proxy interdisciplinary research. | a multi proxy approach was applied in the reconstruction of the architecture of medieval horse stable architecture, the maintenance practices associated with that structure as well as horse alimentation at the beginning of 13th century in central europe. finally, an interpretation of the local vegetation structure along morava river, czech republic is presented. the investigated stable experienced two construction phases. the infill was well preserved and its composition reflects maintenance pra ... | 2014 | 24670874 |
| animal study assessing safety of an acoustic coupling fluid that holds the potential to avoid surgically induced artifacts in 3d ultrasound guided operations. | use of ultrasound in brain tumor surgery is common. the difference in attenuation between brain and isotonic saline may cause artifacts that degrade the ultrasound images, potentially affecting resection grades and safety. our research group has developed an acoustic coupling fluid that attenuates ultrasound energy like the normal brain. we aimed to test in animals if the newly developed acoustic coupling fluid may have harmful effects. | 2014 | 24666721 |
| xenoantibody response to porcine islet cell transplantation using gtko, cd55, cd59, and fucosyltransferase multiple transgenic donors. | promising developments in porcine islet xenotransplantation could resolve the donor pancreas shortage for patients with type 1 diabetes. using α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout (gtko) donor pigs with multiple transgenes should extend xenoislet survival via reducing complement activation, thrombus formation, and the requirement for exogenous immune suppression. studying the xenoantibody response to gtko/hcd55/hcd59/hht islets in the pig-to-baboon model, and comparing it with previously ana ... | 2014 | 24645827 |
| lapita diet in remote oceania: new stable isotope evidence from the 3000-year-old teouma site, efate island, vanuatu. | remote oceania was colonized ca. 3000 bp by populations associated with the lapita cultural complex, marking a major event in the prehistoric settlement of the pacific islands. although over 250 lapita sites have been found throughout the western pacific, human remains associated with lapita period sites are rare. the site of teouma, on efate island, vanuatu has yielded the largest burial assemblage (n=68 inhumations) of lapita period humans ever discovered, providing a unique opportunity for as ... | 2014 | 24598939 |
| assessment of regional ventilation distribution: comparison of vibration response imaging (vri) with electrical impedance tomography (eit). | vibration response imaging (vri) is a bedside technology to monitor ventilation by detecting lung sound vibrations. it is currently unknown whether vri is able to accurately monitor the local distribution of ventilation within the lungs. we therefore compared vri to electrical impedance tomography (eit), an established technique used for the assessment of regional ventilation. | 2014 | 24475160 |
| the role of viral and host micrornas in the aujeszky's disease virus during the infection process. | porcine production is a primary market in the world economy. controlling swine diseases in the farm is essential in order to achieve the sector necessities. aujeszky's disease is a viral condition affecting pigs and is endemic in many countries of the world, causing important economic losses in the swine industry. micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding rnas which modulates gene expression in animals, plants and viruses. with the aim of understanding mirna roles during the aujeszky's disease virus [ad ... | 2014 | 24475202 |
| domestication and the mitochondrial genome: comparing patterns and rates of molecular evolution in domesticated mammals and birds and their wild relatives. | studies of domesticated animals have led to the suggestion that domestication could have significant effects on patterns of molecular evolution. in particular, analyses of mitochondrial genome sequences from domestic dogs and yaks have yielded higher ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions in the domesticated lineages than in their wild relatives. these results are important because they imply that changes to selection or population size operating over a short timescale can cause si ... | 0 | 24459286 |
| substantial variation in the extent of mitochondrial genome fragmentation among blood-sucking lice of mammals. | blood-sucking lice of humans have extensively fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes. human head louse and body louse have their 37 mt genes on 20 minichromosomes. in human pubic louse, the 34 mt genes known are on 14 minichromosomes. to understand the process of mt genome fragmentation in the blood-sucking lice of mammals, we sequenced the mt genomes of the domestic pig louse, haematopinus suis, and the wild pig louse, h. apri, which diverged from human lice approximately 65 ma. the 37 mt genes ... | 0 | 23781098 |
| performance characteristics of qpcr assays targeting human- and ruminant-associated bacteroidetes for microbial source tracking across sixteen countries on six continents. | numerous quantitative pcr assays for microbial fecal source tracking (mst) have been developed and evaluated in recent years. widespread application has been hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding the geographical stability and hence applicability of such methods beyond the regional level. this study assessed the performance of five previously reported quantitative pcr assays targeting human-, cattle-, or ruminant-associated bacteroidetes populations on 280 human and animal fecal samples from ... | 2013 | 23755882 |
| insulin affects sperm capacity in pig through nitric oxide. | insulin (ins) has recently been demonstrated to have the ability to induce the capacitation process in pig spermatozoa. in various mammalian species, capacitation has been linked to the nitric oxide (no) signalling; therefore, this study investigated no production in ins-treated pig spermatozoa by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. for the same samples, sperm capacitation was evaluated by chlortetracycline staining, protein tyrosine phosphorylation pattern and acrosomal status. a significant i ... | 2013 | 23728590 |
| biological significance of urolithins, the gut microbial ellagic acid-derived metabolites: the evidence so far. | the health benefits attributed to pomegranate have been associated with its high content in polyphenols, particularly ellagitannins. this is also the case for other ellagitannin-containing fruits and nuts including strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, walnuts, and muscadine grapes. the bioavailability of ellagitannins and ellagic acid is however very low. these molecules suffer extensive metabolism by the gut microbiota to produce urolithins that are much better absorbed. urolithins circulate in p ... | 2013 | 23781257 |
| molecular investigation of torque teno sus virus in geographically distinct porcine breeding herds of sichuan, china. | torque teno sus virus (ttsuv), infecting domestic swine and wild boar, is a non-enveloped virus with a circular, single-stranded dna genome. which has been classified into the genera iotatorquevirus (ttsuv1) and kappatorquevirus (ttsuv2) of the family anelloviridae. a molecular study was conducted to detect evidence of a phylogenic relationship between these two porcine ttsuv genogroups from the sera of 244 infected pigs located in 21 subordinate prefectures and/or cities of sichuan. | 2013 | 23705989 |
| mild therapeutic hypothermia is superior to controlled normothermia for the maintenance of blood pressure and cerebral oxygenation, prevention of organ damage and suppression of oxidative stress after cardiac arrest in a porcine model. | mild therapeutic hypothermia (ht) has been implemented in the management of post cardiac arrest (ca) syndrome after the publication of clinical trials comparing ht with common practice (ie, usually hyperthermia). current evidence on the comparison between therapeutic ht and controlled normothermia (nt) in ca survivors, however, remains insufficient. | 2013 | 23688243 |
| reintroductions and genetic introgression from domestic pigs have shaped the genetic population structure of northwest european wild boar. | population genetic studies focus on natural dispersal and isolation by landscape barriers as the main drivers of genetic population structure. however, anthropogenic factors such as reintroductions, translocations and wild x domestic hybridization may also have strong effects on genetic population structure. in this study we genotyped 351 single nucleotide polymorphism markers evenly spread across the genome in 645 wild boar (sus scrofa) from northwest europe to evaluate determinants of genetic ... | 2013 | 23688182 |
| structural and functional annotation of the porcine immunome. | the domestic pig is known as an excellent model for human immunology and the two species share many pathogens. susceptibility to infectious disease is one of the major constraints on swine performance, yet the structure and function of genes comprising the pig immunome are not well-characterized. the completion of the pig genome provides the opportunity to annotate the pig immunome, and compare and contrast pig and human immune systems. | 2013 | 23676093 |
| assessment of postoperative analgesia after application of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for surgery in a swine femoral fracture model. | management of pain in research swine used for studies involving painful procedures is a considerable challenge. here we assessed whether a regional anesthesia method is effective for pain control of hindlimb injuries in pigs used for research in bone fracture healing. for this randomized controlled study, we administered regional anesthesia before an experimental femoral injury was produced. using ultrasound guidance, we placed sterile infusion catheters near the sciatic and femoral nerves and a ... | 0 | 23849409 |
| prevalence and characterization of influenza viruses in diverse species in los llanos, colombia. | while much is known about the prevalence of influenza viruses in north america and eurasia, their prevalence in birds and mammals in south america is largely unknown. to fill this knowledge gap and provide a baseline for future ecology and epidemiology studies, we conducted 2 years of influenza surveillance in the eastern plains (los llanos) region of colombia. real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) identified influenza viruses in wild birds, domestic poultry, swine a ... | 2013 | 26038461 |
| phylogenetic analyses of novel squamate adenovirus sequences in wild-caught anolis lizards. | adenovirus infection has emerged as a serious threat to the health of captive snakes and lizards (i.e., squamates), but we know relatively little about this virus' range of possible hosts, pathogenicity, modes of transmission, and sources from nature. we report the first case of adenovirus infection in the iguanidae, a diverse family of lizards that is widely-studied and popular in captivity. we report adenovirus infections from two closely-related species of anolis lizards (anoles) that were re ... | 2013 | 23593364 |
| multi frequency phase fluorimetry (mfpf) for oxygen partial pressure measurement: ex vivo validation by polarographic clark-type electrode. | measurement of partial pressure of oxygen (po2) at high temporal resolution remains a technological challenge. this study introduces a novel po2 sensing technology based on multi-frequency phase fluorimetry (mfpf). the aim was to validate mfpf against polarographic clark-type electrode (cte) po2 measurements. | 2013 | 23565259 |
| pandemic influenza a viruses escape from restriction by human mxa through adaptive mutations in the nucleoprotein. | the interferon-induced dynamin-like mxa gtpase restricts the replication of influenza a viruses. we identified adaptive mutations in the nucleoprotein (np) of pandemic strains a/brevig mission/1/1918 (1918) and a/hamburg/4/2009 (ph1n1) that confer mxa resistance. these resistance-associated amino acids in np differ between the two strains but form a similar discrete surface-exposed cluster in the body domain of np, indicating that mxa resistance evolved independently. the 1918 cluster was conser ... | 2013 | 23555271 |
| novel insights into the genetic diversity of balantidium and balantidium-like cyst-forming ciliates. | balantidiasis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease with pigs serving as reservoir hosts. however, balantidium coli has been recorded in many other mammalian species, including primates. here, we evaluated the genetic diversity of b. coli in non-human primates using two gene markers (ssrdna and its1-5.8sdna-its2). we analyzed 49 isolates of ciliates from fecal samples originating from 11 species of captive and wild primates, domestic pigs and wild boar. the phylogenetic trees were computed ... | 2013 | 23556024 |
| phasic contractions in urinary bladder from juvenile versus adult pigs. | alterations in properties of the bladder with maturation are relevant physiologically and pathophysiologically. the aim of this study was to investigate alterations in bladder properties with maturation in juvenile vs. adult pig, focussing on differences between layers of the bladder wall (mucosa vs. detrusor) and the presence and functional contribution of interstitial cells (ics). | 2013 | 23516515 |
| the phylogenetic status of typical chinese native pigs: analyzed by asian and european pig mitochondrial genome sequences. | china is one of the most diverse countries, which have developed 88 indigenous pig breeds. several studies showed that pigs were independently domesticated in multiple regions of the world. the purpose of this study was to investigate the origin and evolution of chinese pigs using complete mitochondrial genomic sequences (mtdna) from asian and european domestic pigs and wild boars. thirty primer pairs were designed to determine the mtdna sequences of xiang pig, large white, lantang, jinhua and p ... | 2013 | 23497624 |
| the spatial ecology of free-ranging domestic pigs (sus scrofa) in western kenya. | in many parts of the developing world, pigs are kept under low-input systems where they roam freely to scavenge food. these systems allow poor farmers the opportunity to enter into livestock keeping without large capital investments. this, combined with a growing demand for pork, especially in urban areas, has led to an increase in the number of small-holder farmers keeping free range pigs as a commercial enterprise. despite the benefits which pig production can bring to a household, keeping pig ... | 2013 | 23497587 |
| make the most of your samples: bayes factor estimators for high-dimensional models of sequence evolution. | accurate model comparison requires extensive computation times, especially for parameter-rich models of sequence evolution. in the bayesian framework, model selection is typically performed through the evaluation of a bayes factor, the ratio of two marginal likelihoods (one for each model). recently introduced techniques to estimate (log) marginal likelihoods, such as path sampling and stepping-stone sampling, offer increased accuracy over the traditional harmonic mean estimator at an increased ... | 2013 | 23497171 |
| high frequency of human blood in triatoma dimidiata captured inside dwellings in a rural community in the yucatan peninsula, mexico, but low antibody seroprevalence and electrocardiographic findings compatible with chagas disease in humans. | we studied a small rural community of 411 inhabitants localized in the state of campeche in the yucatan peninsula, mexico. in 44 collected triatomines captured inside the houses, human feeding source was revealed in 23 of 44 (52%) samples, and chicken feeding source was revealed in 16 of 44 (36%) samples. in a set of 29 triatomines, mouse was the feeding source in 13 (44%) samples, and dog was the feeding source in 7 (24%) samples. infection index with trypanosoma cruzi in collected triatomines ... | 2013 | 23296447 |
| distinct gene expression profiles in egg and synergid cells of rice as revealed by cell type-specific microarrays. | double fertilization in flowering plants refers to a process in which two sperm cells, carried by the pollen tube, fertilize both the egg and the central cell after their release into a synergid cell of the female gametophyte. the molecular processes by which the female gametophytic cells express their unique functions during fertilization are not well understood. genes expressed in egg and synergid cells might be important for multiple stages of the plant reproductive process. here, we profiled ... | 2010 | 21106719 |
| infrahepatic caudal/inferior vena cava interruption with azygos/hemiazygos continuation. vascular anomaly in swine. | swine are commonly used as a model to study congenital cardiovascular defects that occur in humans and these models have been both spontaneous and experimentally induced. ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect (asd) are examples of experimentally induced models. absence of caudal/inferior vena cava (cvc/ivc) with azygos/hemiazygos continuation is an uncommon vascular anomaly. | 2010 | 22933907 |
| house infestation dynamics and feeding sources of triatoma dimidiata in central veracruz, mexico. | chagas disease is endemic in the state of veracruz, mexico, and we investigated here the dynamics of house infestation by chagas disease vectors to understand disease transmission and design effective control interventions. bug collections in 42 rural villages confirmed the widespread distribution of triatoma dimidiata in central veracruz. unexpectedly, collection data further indicated a clear pattern of seasonal infestation by mostly adult bugs. analysis of feeding sources with a polymerase ch ... | 0 | 22492153 |
| epidemiological significance of the domestic black pig (sus scrofa) in maintenance of bovine tuberculosis in sicily. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an emerging disease among wild animals in many parts of the world. wildlife reservoir hosts may thus represent a potential source of infection for livestock and humans. we investigated the role played by the sicilian black pig, an autochthonous free- or semi-free-ranging domestic pig breed, as a potential source of btb infection in an area where btb prevalence in cattle is high. we initially performed a preliminary field study to assess the occurrence of btb in such ... | 2012 | 22322347 |
| anomalous right coronary artery originating from the left sinus of valsalva in a yucatan minipig. | a 39.2-kg, castrated male yucatan minipig (sus scrofa domestica) was presented for enrollment in a coronary artery study. angiography revealed an anomalous right coronary artery originating from the left sinus of valsalva. the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and anomalous right coronary arteries were implanted with metallic stents without complications. the minipig remained on the study for 3 mo until it reached its predetermined study endpoint, during which time it showed no clinical ... | 0 | 22546919 |
| the validation of a functional, isolated pig bladder model for physiological experimentation. | characterizing the integrative physiology of the bladder requires whole organ preparations. the purpose of this study was to validate an isolated large animal (pig) bladder preparation, through arterial and intravesical drug administration, intravesical pressure recording, and filming of surface micromotions. female pig bladders were obtained from the local abattoir and arterially perfused in vitro. arterial and intravesical pressures were recorded at varying volumes. bladder viability was asses ... | 2012 | 22479248 |
| coronary versus carotid blood flow and coronary perfusion pressure in a pig model of prolonged cardiac arrest treated by different modes of venoarterial ecmo and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is increasingly used in cardiac arrest (ca). adequacy of carotid and coronary blood flows (cabf, cobf) and coronary perfusion pressure (copp) in ecmo treated ca is not well established. this study compares femoro-femoral (ff) to femoro-subclavian (fs) ecmo and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (iabp) contribution based on cabf, cobf, copp, myocardial and brain oxygenation in experimental ca managed by ecmo. | 2012 | 22424292 |
| involvement of complexin 2 in docking, locking and unlocking of different snare complexes during sperm capacitation and induced acrosomal exocytosis. | acrosomal exocytosis (ae) is an intracellular multipoint fusion reaction of the sperm plasma membrane (pm) with the outer acrosomal membrane (oam). this unique exocytotic event enables the penetration of the sperm through the zona pellucida of the oocyte. we previously observed a stable docking of oam to the pm brought about by the formation of the trans-snare complex (syntaxin 1b, snap 23 and vamp 3). by using electron microscopy, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques in combination ... | 2012 | 22412896 |
| interaction of the conceptus and endometrium to establish pregnancy in mammals: role of interleukin 1β. | implantation and the establishment of pregnancy in mammals involves an intricate interplay of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, ions and the extracellular matrix between the uterine epithelium, stroma, immune cells and the conceptus trophectoderm. the divergent nature of implantation in the mouse, human and pig provides not only an interesting contrast in the establishment of pregnancy and early embryonic development but also intriguing similarities with regard to early endo ... | 2012 | 22382391 |
| effects of various anesthetic protocols on 18f-flurodeoxyglucose uptake into the brains and hearts of normal miniature pigs (sus scrofa domestica). | this study used positron emission tomography-computed tomography (pet-ct) to evaluate the effects of 4 anesthetic protocols on 2-deoxy-2-[18f]-fluoro-d-glucose (18f-fdg) accumulation in the brains and hearts of miniature pigs (sus scrofa domestica). the 18f-fdg standard uptake value was quantified by dividing the brain into 6 regions: cerebellum, brainstem, and frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. five (2 female and 3 male) clinically normal miniature pigs were premedicated with med ... | 0 | 22776126 |
| preparative isolation and purification of three glycine-conjugated cholic acids from pulvis fellis suis by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with elsd detection. | coupled with evaporative light scattering detection, a high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) method was developed for preparative isolation and purification of three glycine-conjugated cholic acids, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (gcdca), glycohyodeoxycholic acid (ghdca) and glycohyocholic acid (ghca) from pulvis fellis suis (pig gallbladder bile) for the first time. the separation was performed with a two-phase solvent system consisted of chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (65:30:10: ... | 2012 | 23008527 |
| characterization of a novel porcine enterovirus in wild boars in hungary. | porcine enteroviruses (pevs) are members of the family picornaviridae, genus enterovirus. until now, only three different pev genotypes (pev-9 and -10, and pev-3h/pev-14) have been detected in domestic pigs, and there is no information about the presence of pevs in wild animals. here, we identify and characterize the complete genomes of pev originated from 5 of 10 (50%) of wild boar (sus scrofa) piglets by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. wild boar/wbd/2011/hun (jn807387) pev showed only 67% amino aci ... | 2012 | 22350652 |
| solexa sequencing identification of conserved and novel micrornas in backfat of large white and chinese meishan pigs. | the domestic pig (sus scrofa), an important species in animal production industry, is a right model for studying adipogenesis and fat deposition. in order to expand the repertoire of porcine mirnas and further explore potential regulatory mirnas which have influence on adipogenesis, high-throughput solexa sequencing approach was adopted to identify mirnas in backfat of large white (lean type pig) and meishan pigs (chinese indigenous fatty pig). we identified 215 unique mirnas comprising 75 known ... | 2012 | 22355364 |
| functional significance of the taper of vertebrate cone photoreceptors. | vertebrate photoreceptors are commonly distinguished based on the shape of their outer segments: those of cones taper, whereas the ones from rods do not. the functional advantages of cone taper, a common occurrence in vertebrate retinas, remain elusive. in this study, we investigate this topic using theoretical analyses aimed at revealing structure-function relationships in photoreceptors. geometrical optics combined with spectrophotometric and morphological data are used to support the analyses ... | 2012 | 22250013 |
| a comparative study of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in experimentally infected pigs. | mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) and mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) are opportunistic pathogens that may infect several species, including humans and pigs. mah is however more frequently isolated from pigs than maa, and it is unclear if this is due to difference in virulence or in exposure to the two organisms. clinical isolates of each subspecies were administered perorally to ten domestic pigs, respectively. the animals were sacrificed at six and 12 weeks after inoculation. ... | 2012 | 22284630 |
| community dynamics of carrion flies and their parasitoids in experimental carcasses in central argentina. | insects are the predominant group regarding both species richness and abundance that develop on carrion. among them, the most important decomposers using carrion as a source of food for their development are the immature stages of the dipteran families calliphoridae, muscidae, and sarcophagidae. the large numbers of their larvae in carcasses are attacked by a rich community of parasitoids, including species of braconidae, ichneumonidae, and pteromalidae (hymenoptera: parasitica). the objective o ... | 0 | 22963038 |
| honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of misiones, argentina. | honey-based mixtures used in home medicine by nonindigenous population of misiones, argentina. medicinal mixtures are an underinvestigated issue in ethnomedical literature concerning misiones, one of the most bioculturally diverse province of argentina. the new culturally sensitive politics of the provincial health system is a response to cultural practices based on the medicinal use of plant and animal products in the home medicine of the local population. honey-based medicinal formulas were in ... | 2012 | 22315632 |
| wild boar: an increasing concern for aujeszky's disease control in pigs? | the goal of this study was describing the temporal evolution of aujeszky's disease virus (adv) contact prevalence among eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) populations under different management regimes and contact likelihoods with domestic pigs. given the recent increase in wild boar abundance throughout europe, we hypothesized that wild boar contact with adv would remain stable in time even after significant reduction of adv prevalence in domestic pigs. | 2012 | 22251441 |
| the genome sizes of megabats (chiroptera: pteropodidae) are remarkably constrained. | it has long been recognized that bats and birds contain less dna in their genomes than their non-flying relatives. it has been suggested that this relates to the high metabolic demands of powered flight, a notion that is supported by the fact that pterosaurs also appear to have exhibited small genomes. given the long-standing interest in this question, it is surprising that almost no data have been presented regarding genome size diversity among megabats (family pteropodidae). the present study ... | 2009 | 19324635 |
| effect of betaine supplementation on power performance and fatigue. | the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 15 days of betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, power performance and rate of fatigue in active college-aged men. | 2009 | 19250531 |
| lateral geniculate body evoked potentials elicited by visual and electrical stimulation. | blind individuals who have photoreceptor loss are known to perceive phosphenes with electrical stimulation of their remaining retinal ganglion cells. we proposed that implantable lateral geniculate body (lgb) stimulus electrode arrays could be used to generate phosphene vision. we attempted to refine the basic reference of the electrical evoked potentials (eeps) elicited by microelectrical stimulations of the optic nerve, optic tract and lgb of a domestic pig, and then compared it to visual evok ... | 2014 | 25120343 |
| genetic structure of wild boar (sus scrofa) populations from east asia based on microsatellite loci analyses. | wild boar, sus scrofa, is an extant wild ancestor of the domestic pig as an agro-economically important mammal. wild boar has a worldwide distribution with its geographic origin in southeast asia, but genetic diversity and genetic structure of wild boar in east asia are poorly understood. to characterize the pattern and amount of genetic variation and population structure of wild boar in east asia, we genotyped and analyzed microsatellite loci for a total of 238 wild boar specimens from ten loca ... | 2014 | 25034725 |
| genomic analysis reveals selection for asian genes in european pigs following human-mediated introgression. | the independent domestication of local wild boar populations in asia and europe about 10,000 years ago led to distinct european and asian pig breeds, each with very different phenotypic characteristics. during the industrial revolution, chinese breeds were imported to europe to improve commercial traits in european breeds. here we demonstrate the presence of introgressed asian haplotypes in european domestic pigs and selection signatures on some loci in these regions, using whole genome sequence ... | 2014 | 25025832 |
| stereological estimation of total cell numbers in the human cerebral and cerebellar cortex. | our knowledge of the relationship between brain structure and cognitive function is still limited. human brains and individual cortical areas vary considerably in size and shape. studies of brain cell numbers have historically been based on biased methods, which did not always result in correct estimates and were often very time-consuming. within the last 20-30 years, it has become possible to rely on more advanced and unbiased methods. these methods have provided us with information about fetal ... | 2014 | 25076882 |
| complete genome sequences of two central european brucella suis bv. 2 haplotype 2c strains isolated from wild boars. | the brucella suis haplotype 2c is commonly isolated from wild boars and domestic pigs across central europe, though it is rarely described in the iberian peninsula. we report here the complete and annotated genome sequences of two haplotype 2c strains isolated from wild boars in the northeast region of spain, above the ebro river. | 2014 | 25013144 |
| design and development of exome capture sequencing for the domestic pig (sus scrofa). | the domestic pig (sus scrofa) is both an important livestock species and a model for biomedical research. exome sequencing has accelerated identification of protein-coding variants underlying phenotypic traits in human and mouse. we aimed to develop and validate a similar resource for the pig. | 2014 | 24988888 |
| laparoscopic anterior resection: new anastomosis technique in a pig model. | bowel anastomosis after anterior resection is one of the most difficult tasks to perform during laparoscopic colorectal surgery. this study aims to evaluate a new feasible and safe intracorporeal anastomosis technique after laparoscopic left-sided colon or rectum resection in a pig model. | 0 | 25392669 |
| a novel strain of porcine adenovirus detected in urinary bladder urothelial cell culture. | contamination of cell cultures is the most common problem encountered in cell culture laboratories. besides the secondary cell contaminations often occurring in the cell laboratories, the contaminations originating from donor animal or human tissue are equally as common, but usually harder to recognize and as such require special attention. the present study describes the detection of porcine adenovirus (padv), strain padv-svn1 in cultures of normal porcine urothelial (npu) cells isolated from u ... | 2014 | 24960273 |
| targeting the ion channel kv1.3 with scorpion venom peptides engineered for potency, selectivity, and half-life. | ion channels are an attractive class of drug targets, but progress in developing inhibitors for therapeutic use has been limited largely due to challenges in identifying subtype selective small molecules. animal venoms provide an alternative source of ion channel modulators, and the venoms of several species, such as scorpions, spiders and snails, are known to be rich sources of ion channel modulating peptides. importantly, these peptides often bind to hyper-variable extracellular loops, creatin ... | 2014 | 24939846 |
| untangling the hybrid nature of modern pig genomes: a mosaic derived from biogeographically distinct and highly divergent sus scrofa populations. | the merging of populations after an extended period of isolation and divergence is a common phenomenon, in natural settings as well as due to human interference. individuals with such hybrid origins contain genomes that essentially form a mosaic of different histories and demographies. pigs are an excellent model species to study hybridization because european and asian wild boars diverged ~1.2 mya, and pigs were domesticated independently in europe and asia. during the industrial revolution in ... | 2014 | 24863459 |
| meiotic recombination analyses of individual chromosomes in male domestic pigs (sus scrofa domestica). | for the first time in the domestic pig, meiotic recombination along the 18 porcine autosomes was directly studied by immunolocalization of mlh1 protein. in total, 7,848 synaptonemal complexes from 436 spermatocytes were analyzed, and 13,969 recombination sites were mapped. individual chromosomes for 113 of the 436 cells (representing 2,034 synaptonemal complexes) were identified by immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the average total length of autosomal synaptonemal co ... | 2014 | 24919066 |
| genome-wide identification of long intergenic noncoding rna genes and their potential association with domestication in pigs. | thousands of long intergenic noncoding rnas (lincrnas) have been identified in the human and mouse genomes, some of which play important roles in fundamental biological processes. the pig is an important domesticated animal, however, pig lincrnas remain poorly characterized and it is unknown if they were involved in the domestication of the pig. here, we used available rna-seq resources derived from 93 samples and expressed sequence tag data sets, and identified 6,621 lincrna transcripts from 4, ... | 2014 | 24891613 |
| using biplanar fluoroscopy to guide radiopaque vascular injections: a new method for vascular imaging. | studying vascular anatomy, especially in the context of relationships with hard tissues, is of great interest to biologists. vascular studies have provided significant insight into physiology, function, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary patterns. injection of resin or latex into the vascular system has been a standard technique for decades. there has been a recent surge in popularity of more modern methods, especially radiopaque latex vascular injection followed by ct scanning and dig ... | 2014 | 24835249 |
| repeated evolution of chimeric fusion genes in the β-globin gene family of laurasiatherian mammals. | the evolutionary fate of chimeric fusion genes may be strongly influenced by their recombinational mode of origin and the nature of functional divergence between the parental genes. in the β-globin gene family of placental mammals, the two postnatally expressed δ- and β-globin genes (hbd and hbb, respectively) have a propensity for recombinational exchange via gene conversion and unequal crossing-over. in the latter case, there are good reasons to expect differences in retention rates for the re ... | 2014 | 24814285 |