| trimetrexate. a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | trimetrexate is a folinic acid analogue structurally related to methotrexate, whose primary mechanism of action is believed to be inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. this reduces the production of dna and rna precursors and leads to cell death. trimetrexate is lipophilic and can passively diffuse across cell membranes including those of pneumocystis carinii and its mammalian host. to minimise toxicity, trimetrexate must be coadministered with calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium), a reduced f ... | 1995 | 7789290 |
| active immunity to pneumocystis carinii reinfection in t-cell-depleted mice. | immunocompetent c.b-17 mice were immunized against pneumocystis carinii by several intratracheal inoculations with infective p. carinii. these mice and another group of c.b-17 mice naive to p. carinii were then depleted of cd4+ cells by treatment with both anti-cd4 and anti-thy1 monoclonal antibodies. both groups of mice were then challenged with an infective inoculum containing 10(7) p. carinii organisms by intratracheal instillation. the mean log10 counts of p. carinii nuclei in the lungs of t ... | 1995 | 7790048 |
| collagenases and the serine proteinases elastase and cathepsin g in steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is characterized by the formation of leaky alveoli and a foamy alveolar exudate. to induce pcp, male wistar rats were immunosuppressed by oral dexamethasone treatment for 12 weeks, during which time all rats developed pcp. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) was analyzed at that time and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the cessation of dexamethasone treatment, during which time the rats were recovering from pcp and immunosuppression (and was compared with the balf ... | 1995 | 7790446 |
| surfactant adjunctive therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. | | 1995 | 7790617 |
| evidence of pneumocystis carinii in cell line cultures infected with peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia. | the detection of pneumocystis carinii was investigated in an in-vitro system consisting of a human lung epithelial cell line (a-549) inoculated with infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pmbc) from hiv-infected patients with proven or suspected p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), and from hiv-negative patients with other lung infections. supernates from cultures were sampled daily and evaluated for the presence of p. carinii by giemsa and immunofluorescence staining. p. carinii was isolated from ... | 1995 | 7791202 |
| successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice with benanomicin a (me1451). | benanomicin a (bnm-a) has antimycotic activities via binding to mannan in the cell walls of fungi. anti-pneumocystis carinii activity of the agent was examined in the p. carinii-infected balb/c nu/nu female mouse model because p. carinii also possesses mannan in the membranes. the infected mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of six doses of bnm-a (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg of body weight), 4 mg of pentamidine isethionate per kg, 100 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg combined wit ... | 1995 | 7793879 |
| cytomegalovirus infections of the nervous system in patients with aids. | retinitis due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a widely recognized complication of advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). less appreciated are other neurological manifestations of cmv infection in persons with aids. dr. j. allen mccutchan has comprehensively reviewed the various clinical presentations of cmv neurological disease as well as the methods of diagnosis, the neuropharmacology of available antiviral agents, the results of therapy, and the potential fo ... | 1995 | 7795068 |
| rapid oral desensitization to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz): use in prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids who were previously intolerant to tmp-smz. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) is the drug of choice as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. however, adverse reactions ascribed to tmp-smz are common in such patients. we previously described a rapid method of oral tmp-smz desensitization in patients with aids and varying degrees of intolerance to the drug. to assess the feasibility, safety, and long-term clinical utility of our desensitization protocol, we retrospectively studied 22 consecutive patient ... | 1995 | 7795084 |
| [atypical presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1995 | 7795126 |
| empirically treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in los angeles, chicago, and miami: 1987-1990. | many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with symptoms suggestive of pneumonia are treated empirically for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), although other bacterial infections (e.g., tuberculosis) and pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma may cause identical symptoms. empiric treatment for pcp may result in misdiagnosis and mistreatment. when the outcomes of cytologically confirmed versus empirically treated pcp cases were evaluated, the most important predictors of in-hospit ... | 1995 | 7797940 |
| 2,4-diamino-5-chloroquinazoline analogues of trimetrexate and piritrexim: synthesis and antifolate activity. | ten heretofore undescribed 2,4-diamino-5-chloroquinazoline analogues of trimetrexate (tmq) and piritrexim (ptx) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii. the most active quinazolines against both the p. carinii and the t. gondii enzyme were those with an arch2-nh or arnhch2 side chain. among arnh(ch2)n compounds with n = 1-3 and either 2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl or 3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl as the ar moiety ... | 1994 | 7799402 |
| pentamidine congeners. 2. 2-butene-bridged aromatic diamidines and diimidazolines as potential anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | we have synthesized cis and trans geometric isomers 1-8 as semirigid congeners of pentamidine. compounds 1-4 were more potent than pentamidine in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. these compounds also demonstrated no clinical toxicity or histopathologic abnormalities. introduction of methoxy substituents meta to the amidine or imidazoline groups of the phenyl rings as in compounds 5-8 generally resulted in compounds with decreased anti-p. carinii activity and incr ... | 1994 | 7799405 |
| legionella and pneumocystis pneumonias in asthmatic children on high doses of systemic steroids. | asthma is increasingly treated as an inflammatory disease with inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids. we report 3 cases of unusual pneumonias associated with high doses of oral steroids. two patients contracted legionella pneumonia and one patient contracted pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. with increasing usage, it is important for physicians to be aware of the possible infectious complications of high dose steroids. this report highlights the risk of corticosteroid treatment in asthma in pred ... | 1994 | 7800428 |
| [pulmonary infectious complications in hiv disease]. | the spectrum of hiv-related pulmonary infectious and noninfectious complications has enlarged considerably during the past years. because clinical and radiological presentation is generally nonspecific the diagnostic workup should be straightforward. the diagnosis of the still most important complication, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, can often be achieved by examination of sputum. if this is not possible, the next diagnostic step is bronchoalveolar lavage. due to rapid diagnosis and treatment ... | 1994 | 7801010 |
| improving long-term prognosis for survivors of mechanical ventilation in patients with aids with pcp and acute respiratory failure. five-year follow-up of intensive care unit discharges. | before 1987, the hospital survival of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation was less than 15%. hospital survival has improved since then, but concerns have been raised that the post-hospital discharge survival of these patients remains extremely poor. this study evaluated the long-term survival of patients discharged alive after an acute episode of acute respiratory failure caused by p cari ... | 1995 | 7802525 |
| methotrexate may affect certain t lymphocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis resulting in susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection. | | 1994 | 7802814 |
| a prospective population-based study of hiv perinatal transmission. | to estimate the perinatal hiv transmission rate and describe the natural history of infant hiv infection in a situation in which hiv status is known in more than 95% of delivering women. | 1994 | 7802983 |
| pancreatitis during intravenous pentamidine therapy in an aids patient with prior exposure to didanosine. | to report a case of an hiv-positive man who received sequential didanosine and pentamidine treatment and subsequently developed acute clinical pancreatitis. | 1994 | 7803875 |
| bidirectional effectors of a group i intron ribozyme from pneumocystis carinii. | the l-arginine acts stereoselectively on the pc1.lsu nuclear group i intron of pneumocystis carinii, competitively inhibiting the first step of the splicing reaction and stimulating the second step. a number of arginine-related compounds are more potent than l-arginine as stimulators and inhibitors. the most potent peptides tested are 10,000 times as effective as l-arginine in inhibiting ribozyme activity, and nearly 400 times as effective as stimulators. this phenomenon indicates that ribozymes ... | 1994 | 7804195 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacers of rrna genes. | | 1994 | 7804196 |
| dna analysis of pneumocystis carinii infecting finnish and english shrews. | | 1994 | 7804201 |
| susceptibility of pneumocystis carinii to a pichia anomala killer toxin. | | 1994 | 7804202 |
| sodium transport inhibitors decrease proliferation of pneumocystis carinii in short-term culture. | | 1994 | 7804203 |
| uptake and metabolism of fluorescent lipid analogs by pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804204 |
| a technique for cloning the telomeres and subtelomeric regions from pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804206 |
| antigenic differences among genetically distinct types of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804207 |
| chromosomal organization of msg antigen genes of rat pneumocystis carinii: tandem repeat and unique 5' utr sequence encoding intron. | | 1994 | 7804208 |
| detection of dna sequences identical to pneumocystis carinii in samples of ambient air. | | 1994 | 7804209 |
| chromosomal localization of 20 genes to five distinct pulsed field gel karyotypic forms of rat pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804210 |
| genetic diversity of pneumocystis carinii from different host species at the beta-tubulin gene locus and at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rrna gene cluster. | | 1994 | 7804211 |
| coinfection of rats with genetically diverse forms of pneumocystis carinii demonstrated by p. carinii inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase gene polymorphism. | | 1994 | 7804212 |
| assessment of pneumocystis carinii dna content. | | 1994 | 7804214 |
| revised nomenclature for pneumocystis carinii. the pneumocystis workshop. | | 1994 | 7804215 |
| pneumocystis carinii: what is it and from whence does it come? | | 1994 | 7804216 |
| comparison of the antigenic recognition of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii isolated from different rat strains. | | 1994 | 7804270 |
| identification of two genetically distinct strains of pneumocystis carinii in infected ferret lungs. | | 1994 | 7804271 |
| purine metabolism in pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804272 |
| pneumocystis carinii detected in air. | | 1994 | 7804273 |
| measurement of protein biosynthesis in pneumocystis carinii to investigate the effects of translation-specific inhibitors. | | 1994 | 7804274 |
| use of fluorescent probes to investigate the metabolic state of pneumocystis carinii mitochondria. | | 1994 | 7804275 |
| extent of fungal contamination in rat-derived pneumocystis carinii extracts and the effect on uptake of para-aminobenzoic acid. | | 1994 | 7804277 |
| dna amplification of a portion of the phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) gene in pneumocystis carinii-enriched extracts. | | 1994 | 7804278 |
| does pneumocystis carinii remain infectious in the bloodstream? | | 1994 | 7804281 |
| identification of an epoxy fatty acid in pneumocystis carinii lipids. | | 1994 | 7804282 |
| immuno electron microscopy of pneumocystis carinii exposed to a beta-1-3 glucan synthase inhibitor ly 302146. | | 1994 | 7804284 |
| the composition of pneumocystis carinii phospholipids. | | 1994 | 7804286 |
| effects of environmental factors and disinfectants on the survival of pneumocystis carinii outside the host. | | 1994 | 7804287 |
| a preliminary characterization of the pneumocystis carinii dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. | | 1994 | 7804288 |
| isoprenoid metabolism in pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804289 |
| evaluation of procedures used to isolate pneumocystis carinii from infected rat lungs. | | 1994 | 7804290 |
| phylogeny of pneumocystis carinii based on beta-tubulin sequence. | | 1994 | 7804291 |
| accumulation of surfactant protein d in the lung during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1994 | 7804292 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1994 | 7804293 |
| an experimental trial of artemether in treatment of pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed rats. | an immunosuppressed rat model was established by injecting cortisone acetate 25 mg/rat twice a week for 4 weeks and 12.5 mg/rat for another 2 weeks subcutaneously. a development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was found at the end of the 6th week in all rats. these rats were injected intramuscularly with artemether at 100 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days. all rats were necropsied at the end of the 8th week. the lung impression smears were stained with gomori's stain, and pneumocys ... | 1994 | 7805459 |
| measurement of cellular microbicidal activity against pneumocystis carinii in vitro. | as pneumocystis carinii cysts cannot be cultivated for enumeration of colony forming cells, two alternative approaches to measuring killing of p. carinii by mouse peritoneal cells were investigated. the cells tested were either normal resident peritoneal cells, or cells which were elicited by intraperitoneal injection of the bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the latter population showed enhanced antibacterial activity against listeria organisms and enhanced production of h2o2 in the presence of ... | 1994 | 7806265 |
| cost and outcome of intensive care for patients with aids, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure. | to determine the costs and outcomes associated with intensive care unit (icu) admission for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and severe respiratory failure. | 1995 | 7807663 |
| characterization of multiple unique cdnas encoding the major surface glycoprotein of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii represents a group of related molecules that are encoded by multiple genes. we isolated seven unique msg cdnas from a library prepared from a single infected rat lung. the cdnas displayed both conserved and variant regions to previously described cdnas. these clones contained inserts that ranged in size from 0.4 to 1.8 kb and all contained a poly(a) tail. the largest clone, pc1410, hybridized to all 15 chromosomes resolved ... | 1994 | 7808998 |
| selective inhibition of topoisomerases from pneumocystis carinii compared with that of topoisomerases from mammalian cells. | type i and ii topoisomerase activities were partially purified from pneumocystis carinii. the catalytic (strand-passing) activities of both enzymes were selectively inhibited by members of a series of dicationic-substituted bis-benzimidazoles compared with those of topoisomerases of mammalian (calf thymus) origin. the most active inhibitors of the parasite enzymes were also highly effective in an in vivo animal model of p. carinii pneumonia. selected dicationic-substituted bis-benzimidazoles als ... | 1994 | 7810995 |
| thyroid dysfunction in hiv infection. | during infection with hiv, overt clinical or biochemical thyroid dysfunctions are rare. when present, thyroid failure generally results from the destruction of the thyroid gland by opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii, or tumoural processes such as ks. less frequently, hypothalamic-pituitary failure due to central nervous system infections is involved. some cases of thyroiditis with thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism due to pneumocystis carinii have also been reported. subtle alte ... | 1994 | 7811224 |
| hyponatraemia in aids. | hyponatraemia is very common in aids patients. it is observed in about 40-50% of hospitalized patients. it may contribute to overall mortality in advanced disease. vasopressin measurements in these patients basically present two distinct syndromes: hyponatraemia and 'normal' vasopressin levels (i.e. measurable vasopressin) and hyponatraemia with suppressed vasopressin. hyponatraemia with suppressed vasopressin is very rare and has only been observed in aids patients with dementia and primary pol ... | 1994 | 7811225 |
| keynote address: variations in the natural history of hiv infection. | in general, the natural history of hiv infection as revealed by prospective cohort studies such as the multicenter aids cohort study (macs) is consistent with our current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of hiv disease. although the limitations of cd4+ t cell counts as a predictor of response to therapy are now recognized, enumeration of these cells remains an important predictor of outcome. additional information regarding prognosis can be obtained using other immunological and virologic ... | 1994 | 7811537 |
| [pneumothorax in patients with aids]. | from january 1986 to 31 november 1993, 354 cases of aids (cdc criteria 1987) were diagnosed. the possible existence of spontaneous pneumothorax at any time during the evolution and its presumed cause were evaluated. | 1994 | 7811773 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunocompetent infant]. | | 1994 | 7811781 |
| routine analysis of induced sputum is not an effective strategy for screening persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus for mycobacterium tuberculosis or pneumocystis carinii. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | a prospective multicenter cohort study comprising 1,171 individuals who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) but did not have aids at the time of enrollment and 182 hiv-seronegative controls, was studied by means of routine induced-sputum analysis in an attempt to detect occult tuberculosis or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. one occult case of tuberculosis was discovered upon the patient's enrollment (at baseline); none were discovered during follow-up. two additional mycobac ... | 1994 | 7811858 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but no evident immunoincompetence. | | 1994 | 7811877 |
| increased pneumocystis carinii recovery from upper lobes in pneumocystis pneumonia. | | 1995 | 7812565 |
| evaluation of a prognostic score. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | (1) to evaluate a clinical score predicting the early death from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients and to compare it with lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels and karnofsky's performance score. (2) to compare the association of this score and partial oxygen pressure (pao2) at baseline (at ambiant air) with change in therapy. | 1995 | 7813259 |
| high-resolution computed tomography scan in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 7813300 |
| clinical response to the addition of clarithromycin in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia refractory to high dose co-trimoxazole. | | 1994 | 7814298 |
| usefulness of pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii dna. | diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is based on the identification of the various stages of the parasite in lung samples by standard staining techniques. we therefore assessed the value of the pcr for detection of p. carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, and blood samples relative to that of standard staining techniques. | 1994 | 7814571 |
| [aids and lung diseases--special reference to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1994 | 7814964 |
| health status and function with zidovudine or zalcitabine as initial therapy for aids. a randomized controlled trial. roche 3300/actg 114 study group. | to evaluate the functional and health status implications of prescribing zalcitabine or zidovudine for initial therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1995 | 7815656 |
| the yeast killer phenomenon: a hypothetical way to control pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is an important agent of pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals, especially in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids patients p. carinii attaches specifically to type 1 pneumocytes. although this phenomenon must play a marked role in pneumocystosis pathophysiology, no therapeutic molecules able to inhibit specifically the parasite attachment were found. a killer toxin, secreted by the yeast pichia anomala, induced a significant decrease in p. carinii in vitro attachmen ... | 1994 | 7815973 |
| rapid method for detection of aspergillus 5s ribosomal rna using a genus-specific oligonucleotide probe. | ribosomal rna (rrna) is present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. although sequences are conserved, variations in nucleic acid composition are known to be species specific. formalin or bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 17 cases of culture proven aspergillus sp infections were studied by a rapid (< 30 minutes) in situ hybridization procedure using a biotinylated oligonucleotide dna probe complementary to nucleic acids 1-22 of aspergillus sp 5s rrna sequence. positivity ... | 1995 | 7817944 |
| the use of intravenous pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. | the purpose of this study is to report on the use of monthly intravenous pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) within a central london hiv unit. a retrospective case note analysis of hiv-seropositive individuals using intravenous pentamidine as pcp prophylaxis was carried out. aspects examined included reasons for using the regimen, compliance, adverse reactions and episodes of pcp. eight patients were studied. there was no prophylaxis failure in 5 patients. thr ... | 1994 | 7819354 |
| specific detection of aspergillus and penicillium species from respiratory specimens by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method capable of detecting both aspergillus fumigatus infections, pulmonary non-fumigatus aspergillus species (spp.) and penicillium spp. from clinical specimens was established. the primer pair was designed on the basis of the sequence of the 18s-ribosomal rna gene of a. fumigatus and p. notatum. a 385 bp product was successfully amplified by this pcr method from all of 12 medically important aspergillus spp. and penicillium spp. (38 strains), but not from hum ... | 1994 | 7823410 |
| [the host-opportunistic protozoa system. the dissemination of pneumocystis infection in white rats under the influence of drug-induced and biological immunosuppression]. | the main purpose of the present study is the investigation of relationships of pneumocystis carinii with the organism of white rat wistar, which is natural carrier of this parasite. the series of experiments has shown that the immunosuppressor tricort-40 (corticosteroid of prolonged activity) in a short time reactivates the pneumocystis infection. the parasites have been observed in a great number in the lungs and rarely in the liver. the reactivation and dissemination of the pneumocystis infect ... | 1994 | 7824287 |
| [diffuse ground-glass opacity of the lung. a guide to interpreting the high-resolution computed tomographic (hrct) picture]. | the so-called ground glass pulmonary opacity is characterized by a slight increase in lung density, with persistent visibility of vascular structures and bronchial walls. if vessels are obscured, the term consolidation is preferred. this kind of pulmonary opacity, which may be patchy or diffuse, was well known in conventional radiology, but has been recently re-evaluated, following the increasingly widespread use of high resolution ct of the lung. ground glass opacity is commonly observed in pat ... | 1994 | 7824771 |
| [early cytomegalovirus retinitis]. | we report the clinical course of cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) from the initial onset. the patient was a 40-year-old human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive male with hemophilia a. he was diagnosed as having aids on the basis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed a small white punctate lesion at the macular area in his right eye. because the lesion enlarged gradually with hemorrhages, it was sus ... | 1994 | 7825512 |
| aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | | 1995 | 7825610 |
| atovaquone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 7825771 |
| atovaquone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 7825772 |
| antibiotics that inhibit fungal cell wall development. | the discovery of antifungal agents that possess selective toxicity against the eukaryotic fungal cell remains an important scientific challenge. the growing medical need for safe and effective antifungal agents stems from the rapidly increasing population of immunocompromised patients. although the treatment of fungal infections is progressing steadily, currently available agents act on targets that are also found in mammalian cells. ideally, a selectively toxic antifungal agent should be develo ... | 1994 | 7826015 |
| indium-111 labelled pooled human immunoglobulin imaging to monitor the efficacy of specific therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | functional imaging is ideally suited to monitoring the effect of specific therapy on disease processes. in this pilot study five patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were imaged with indium-111 labelled pooled human immunoglobulin (111in-hig) during infection and after therapy for pcp. the lung activity of 111in-hig, measured as a lung/heart ratio, was calculated in a study performed during infection with pcp and after therapy. in all five patients the lung/heart ratio of ... | 1994 | 7828626 |
| antibiotic policies in dutch hospitals for the treatment of pneumonia. | the guidelines used in dutch hospitals for the treatment of pneumonia as described in antibiotic formularies are described. a total of 42 formularies were examined. amoxycillin was the most frequently used agent in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and a wide variety of drugs was used for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, of which cefuroxime, alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside, was used most often. benzylpenicillin was the most frequently used drug in community-acqui ... | 1994 | 7829419 |
| [prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with hiv infection using pentamidine aerosols. retrospective study of 465 cases]. | at least 80% of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients not given prophylaxis therapy against pneumocystis carinii develop pneumonia, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. we therefore retrospectively evaluated prophylaxis protocols given from march 1988 to july 1991 at the pasteur institute hospital. | 1994 | 7831262 |
| community-acquired pneumonia: the future of the microbiology laboratory: focused diagnosis or syndromic management? | the traditional classification of community-acquired pneumonia into typical and atypical pneumonia to facilitate successful empirical treatment is no longer optimal. an accurate prediction of cause and adequate empirical therapy cannot be provided with this approach in severely ill patients. there is an increasing spectrum of recognized treatable pathogens presenting as community-acquired pneumonia including legionella species, chlamydia pneumoniae, and pneumocystis carinii in addition to the tr ... | 1994 | 7831539 |
| the opportunistic and bacterial infections associated with pediatric human immunodeficiency virus disease. | opportunistic and bacterial infections remain the leading causes of death of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children, despite recent advances in the diagnosis of hiv infection during early infancy; antiretroviral therapies; advances in the treatment of some infections; an improved understanding of the cellular immune systems during early childhood; and new strategies for the prevention of some infections. however, these advances appear to be changing the natural history of pediatric hiv i ... | 1994 | 7833561 |
| epidemiology of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united states. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is a growing problem for children worldwide. as of 31 december 1992, 4249 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) under 13 years of age had been reported to the us centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). hiv is transmitted to children predominantly from their mothers. nearly all cases of hiv infection acquired from blood transfusions in the united states occurred before donor-screening practices were implemented in march 1985 ... | 1994 | 7833562 |
| the use of antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of infection in hiv-infected children. | children with hiv infection have an unusual susceptibility to bacterial infection, related to several immune abnormalities. selection of initial antibiotic therapy must be individualized in these children. patients with community-acquired disease are most likely to have infection by polysaccharide-encapsulated bacterial organism, most commonly streptococcus pneumoniae and less frequently by haemophilus influenzae type b. if it is possible to treat the patients at home, the use of amoxicillin-cla ... | 1994 | 7833566 |
| [pulmonary mucormycosis in an hiv-infected patient]. | a 51-year-old man, known to have chronic-aggressive hepatitis b, hiv infection and exertional dyspnoea, was hospitalized because of acute physical deterioration, cough with whitish exudate and dyspnoea at rest. despite a cd4/cd8 ratio of 0.16 no prophylactic measures against pneumocystis carinii had been taken. on examination the lungs were unremarkable, but the liver was enlarged and there were petechiae over all parts of the body. laboratory tests showed impaired liver functions and a rise in ... | 1995 | 7835242 |
| the use of aerosolized pentamidine for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with leukemia. | we report our experience giving aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) to 9 children (mean age, 7.33 years; range 3-17 years) with leukemia who were unable to tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) due to allergy or myelosuppression. the dose of pentamidine was modified for each child to correct for weight and approximate alveolar ventilation. we were able to administer the drug to younger children by using a cushioned face mask in place of the ... | 1994 | 7838621 |
| use of beta-1,3-glucan-specific antibody to study the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii and effects of pneumocandin b0 analog l-733,560. | a new class of promising antipneumocystis agents, cyclic lipopeptide pneumocandin analogs, has been shown to effectively prevent pneumocystis carinii cyst development in murine models. these compounds are believed to inhibit the biosynthesis of beta-1,3-glucan, a major constituent of the cell walls of various pathogenic fungi. however, all evidence of the presence of this polymer in p. carinii cysts is based on indirect methods. to address this, highly specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum was ra ... | 1994 | 7840554 |
| outcome of intensive care in patients with hiv infection. | to examine icu admission rates and diagnoses of patients with hiv infection and to determine the outcomes of different critical illnesses. | 1995 | 7842785 |
| congenital cytomegalovirus infection as a result of nonprimary cytomegalovirus disease in a mother with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a pregnant woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had nonprimary cytomegalovirus (cmv) viremia and died of complications from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cmv sinusitis and pneumonitis. a boy was delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation as the mother's health deteriorated and fetal distress developed. the infant died soon after delivery of interstitial pneumonitis and hyaline membrane disease with invasive cmv disease that affected the kidneys, adrenal glands, and plac ... | 1995 | 7844681 |
| invasive trichosporon beigelii infection in immunosuppressed rats. | fulminant systemic mycoses were seen as complications in rats undergoing drug trials for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. rats were immunosuppressed with corticosteroids and by feeding with a low-protein diet. homogenized pulmonary tissue from a rat with pneumocystosis was inoculated transtracheally. secondary invasive mycosis was found in 56 of 59 rats examined. trichosporon beigelii was identified as the causative agent in the majority of cases. after examining possible sources ... | 1994 | 7845415 |
| high failure rate of dapsone and pentamidine as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | | 1994 | 7845719 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with recurrent pneumothorax and pleuritis]. | a report on three hiv-positive patients with recurrent pneumothorax in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on whom partial parietal pleurectomy and in two cases also a wedge-shaped pulmonary resection were performed. histology revealed granulomatous necrotising pneumonia involving the visceral pleura, and a partly honeycomb-shaped metaplasia of the pulmonary tissue. a fibrinous and partly granulomatous necrotising pneumocystis carinii pleuritis of both pleural membranes was seen, being the morphologi ... | 1994 | 7845958 |
| lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this retrospective study determined the clinical course of lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. a total of 23 patients with hiv infection archived as lung cancer were studied: 16 were identified from about 1,000 lung cancer patients entered in the tumor registry and medical records of jackson memorial hospital, 7 were identified from about 1,000 hiv-positive patients entered in the special immunology registry of veterans administration medical center, 4 pati ... | 1995 | 7847261 |
| the tolerance for zidovudine plus thrice weekly or daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with and without leucovorin for primary prophylaxis in advanced hiv disease. california collaborative treatment group. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is the preferred agent for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection, but frequent adverse events limit its usefulness. intermittent dosing and supplementation with leucovorin have been tried in attempts to improve tolerance. we evaluated these strategies in persons with advanced hiv disease. | 1995 | 7847434 |