| neonatal, urogenital isolates of biotype 4 nontypeable haemophilus influenzae express a variant p6 outer membrane protein molecule. | the p6 outer membrane protein is a highly conserved molecule which is present on the surface of all strains of haemophilus influenzae. sixty strains of nontypeable h. influenzae which caused invasive disease or colonized the female urogenital tract were studied with monoclonal antibodies 7f3 and 4g4, which recognize different surface-exposed epitopes on the p6 molecule. all 60 strains expressed the epitope recognized by 4g4, whereas 47 of 60 strains expressed the epitope recognized by antibody 7 ... | 1992 | 1373403 |
| a comparative genetic study of serologically distinct haemophilus influenzae type 1 immunoglobulin a1 proteases. | the bacterial immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) proteases are putative virulence factors secreted by a number of human pathogens capable of penetrating the mucosal barrier. among haemophilus influenzae strains, the iga1 protease is found in several allelic forms with different serological neutralizing properties. a comparison of the primary structures of four serologically distinct h. influenzae iga1 proteases suggests that this variation is caused by epitopes of the discontinuous conformational type. an ... | 1992 | 1373717 |
| haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide disrupts confluent monolayers of bovine brain endothelial cells via a serum-dependent cytotoxic pathway. | an in vitro blood-brain barrier (bbb) model consisting of primary cultures of bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells was used to examine the effect of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) on the bbb. whole bacteria and purified lipopolysaccharide (lps; greater than 10 ng/ml) caused marked cytotoxicity on the bovine brain endothelial cells. this effect could be completely blocked by polymyxin b. similar cytotoxic effects were observed with a cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cell line. s ... | 1992 | 1373754 |
| synthetic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies as immunogens for the induction of antibody response to haemophilus influenzae type b. | | 1992 | 1375252 |
| recombinant porin of haemophilus influenzae type b. | a protein of approximately 40 kda in the outer membrane of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) behaves as a porin and permits transmembrane diffusion of low-molecular-weight solutes. the gene for hib porin was cloned from an m13 library of chromosomal dna of hib strain atcc9795. the gene was subcloned into a new transfer vector as a prerequisite for its use in the baculovirus expression vector system. pure recombinant virus (acporin) was isolated. on infection of a cultivated insect cell line sf ... | 1992 | 1375253 |
| cloning and analysis of lipooligosaccharide synthesis genes of haemophilus influenzae type b that assemble or expose a 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid epitope in escherichia coli. | | 1992 | 1375254 |
| characterization of the human igg antibody vl repertoire to haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. | the human antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a good model for examining human v region repertoires. while the vl repertoire of human antibodies to hib polysaccharide is relatively simple and dominated by the product of a germline v kappa ii gene named a2, at least five other vl genes can be expressed by some individuals. these include at least two v kappa i products and at least one v kappa iii, one v kappa iv, and one v lambda product. the ... | 1992 | 1375255 |
| outer membrane proteins p1 and p2 of haemophilus influenzae type b: structure and identification of surface-exposed epitopes. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) p1 and p2 of haemophilus influenzae type b exhibit molecular size and antigenic variation. their structural genes have been cloned from prototype isolates of the most common disease-producing clonal groups. the derived amino acid sequences of p1 from strains of omp subtypes 1h, 3l, and 6u have three variable regions between highly conserved regions. an immunodominant surface-exposed epitope was identified near the carboxyl terminus of p1 proteins from subtype 1 ... | 1992 | 1375256 |
| antigenic sites on porin of haemophilus influenzae type b: mapping with synthetic peptides and evaluation of structure predictions. | the major surface-located protein in the outer membrane of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is porin, molecular mass, 38 kda, 341 amino acids. to define precisely the molecular reactivities of nine mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hib porin, overlapping hexapeptides corresponding to the entire sequence of porin were synthesized. the epitopes recognized by the mabs were mapped by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to stretches of 6 to 11 amino acids. antigenic sites between amino acid ... | 1992 | 1375930 |
| mechanisms of action of cicletanine in human and guinea pig resistance arteries. | human subcutaneous (s.c.) arteries and guinea pig mesenteric vessels (internal diameter 150-570 microns) were isolated and mounted on a microvascular myograph. cicletanine-induced relaxation curves were constructed after preconstriction with either depolarising potassium (kpss) or norepinephrine (ne) and in the presence and absence of indomethacin, glibenclamide, or tetraethylammonium chloride (tea). using only guinea pig vessels, cicletanine relaxation curves were constructed with and without c ... | 1992 | 1378119 |
| clarithromycin. a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. | clarithromycin is an acid-stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin. it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, similar to that of erythromycin and inhibits a range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, atypical pathogens and some anaerobes. significantly, clarithromycin demonstrates greater in vitro activity than erythromycin against certain pathogens including bacteroides melaninogenicus, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia tracho ... | 1992 | 1379907 |
| blood culture results as determinants in the organism identification of bacterial meningitis. | the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis depends on a lumbar puncture (lp). sometimes, antibiotics are administered before a lp that is delayed owing to prior need for computerized tomography (ct) scan, technical problems, inability to obtain consent, or an unstable patient. we examined the accuracy of blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) gram's stain, and antigen detection by latex for organism identification of meningitis. all patients admitted to the children's hospital of buffalo between ja ... | 1992 | 1381091 |
| site-specific integration of the haemophilus influenzae bacteriophage hp1: location of the boundaries of the phage attachment site. | plasmids containing dna segments from the attachment region of phage hp1 were constructed and tested for the ability to replace the phage attachment site substrate in site-specific recombination reactions. the distance separating the boundaries of the functional site was 418 bp. replacements within the 11-residue segment 5'-ggcggttatcg at the left boundary or within the 12-residue segment 5'-ggattttttgaa at the right boundary abolished substrate activity. a segment of the 418-residue sequence pr ... | 1992 | 1383194 |
| cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinomas. | a combined cytogenetic and molecular analysis was performed on 11 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. a simple karyotypic abnormality was detected in five tumors, whereas six had no apparent chromosome change. in four of five rearranged cases the presence of a specific chromosomal abnormality involving chromosome 10 (cases 1 and 2) and chromosome 1 (cases 3 and 4) was associated with the rearrangement of two protooncogenes: ret and ntrki (formerly trk), respectively, with different donor genes ... | 1992 | 1384673 |
| protective efficacy of clarithromycin and its 14-hydroxy metabolite against haemophilus influenzae in a murine septicaemia model. | | 1992 | 1385590 |
| [haemophilus b vaccines]. | | 1992 | 1386439 |
| the bactericidal activity and postantibiotic effect of trospectomycin. | trospectomycin sulfate (trospectomycin, trs) is a novel, broad-spectrum, aminocyclitol antibiotic that is being developed clinically for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and gonorrhea. this study investigated the bactericidal activity (by time-kill kinetics) and the postantibiotic effect (pae) of trs. species-dependent bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity was observed for trs; the antibiotic was bacteriostatic for staphylococc ... | 1992 | 1386566 |
| systemic hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with bronchiectasis. | systemic hypersensitivity vasculitis developed in a 53-year-old man during acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa. high grade fever, mononeuropathy multiplex, cutaneous vasculitis, and biopsy specimen-proved mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with crescent formation and leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with circulating immune complex occurred. corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy was effective for vasculitis and bronchiectasis. | 1992 | 1386569 |
| in vitro activity of clarithromycin and its 14-hydroxy-metabolite against 203 strains of haemophilus influenzae. | the in vitro activity of clarithromycin alone and in combination with its primary human metabolite, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, was determined against 203 strains of haemophilus influenzae. microdilution broth mics and mbcs of both clarithromycin and 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin were determined. the clarithromycin mic50 was 4 mg/l and the mic90 was 8 mg/l. the hydroxy metabolite was 2-4-fold more active with an mic50 and mic90 of 2 mg/l. the mbcs were equal to the mics. the microbicidal effect of co ... | 1992 | 1386590 |
| [ecologic significance of m. avium infectiousness of waterside and aquatic birds]. | a total of 777 specimens of the river-side and water birds of 36 species belonging to 8 orders were examined for infectivity by the causative agent of tuberculosis m. avium. examination was carried out in the northern zone of the land along the lower volga. infectivity was studied by serologic and bacteriologic tests. serologic examination showed that 104 out of the 399 birds were ait-positive (26.0 +/- 2.195%), in bacteriologic examination 73 out of the 378 specimens were infected (19.57 +/- 2. ... | 1992 | 1388267 |
| otitis media. sinus-related problems. | | 1992 | 1389372 |
| the epidemiology and prevention of haemophilus influenzae infections in australian aboriginal children. | | 1992 | 1389445 |
| conformational changes in phospholipase a2 upon binding to micellar interfaces in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitors. a 1h and 15n nmr study. | an nmr study has been made of porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2 (pla) in three environments: free in solution, in a binary complex with dodecylphosphocholine micelles, and in a ternary complex with a micelle and the substrate-like inhibitor (r)-1-octyl-2-(n-dodecanoylamino)-2-deoxyglycero-3-phosph oglycol. 1h and 15n chemical shifts, amide exchange rates, and noe intensities are compared for the enzyme in different environments. from these data, structural differences are found for the n-termi ... | 1992 | 1390760 |
| conformational changes in phospholipase a2 upon binding to micellar interfaces in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitors. a 1h and 15n nmr study. | an nmr study has been made of porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2 (pla) in three environments: free in solution, in a binary complex with dodecylphosphocholine micelles, and in a ternary complex with a micelle and the substrate-like inhibitor (r)-1-octyl-2-(n-dodecanoylamino)-2-deoxyglycero-3-phosph oglycol. 1h and 15n chemical shifts, amide exchange rates, and noe intensities are compared for the enzyme in different environments. from these data, structural differences are found for the n-termi ... | 1992 | 1390760 |
| [urinary tract infection caused by haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae]. | | 1992 | 1391008 |
| [resistance of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae to beta-lactam antibiotics. characterization of the beta-lactamases]. | we have studied the susceptibility to ampicillin and the characteristics of the beta-lactamase activity of the 169 haemophilus spp. strains (128 h. influenzae, 40 h. parainfluenzae and one h. paraphrophilus) isolated during 12 months, years 1988-1989, in the hospital del mar clinical microbiology laboratory. our objective was to know in the strains of our center the frequency of those resistant or slightly susceptible to ampicillin, the role of beta-lactamases in the loss of susceptibility and t ... | 1992 | 1391019 |
| evidence that postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown is mediated by plasma factors that stimulate endothelial cell type i plasminogen activator inhibitor biosynthesis. | postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown has been attributed to an increase in plasma levels of type i plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) activity and may contribute to postoperative venous thrombosis. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the postoperative increase in pai-1 is contributed to by a plasma mediator(s) that stimulates pai-1 synthesis and secretion by vascular endothelium. plasma samples collected from patients (n = 11) before and after surgery for total hip replacement ... | 1992 | 1391943 |
| acute graft-versus-host disease: analysis of risk factors after allogeneic marrow transplantation and prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. | previous studies of risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) involved patients receiving predominantly single-agent prophylaxis. therefore, a retrospective analysis was performed on 446 patients, from a single institution, who received transplants of marrow from hla-identical siblings and the combination of cyclosporine (csp) and methotrexate (mtx) to determine risk factors for acute gvhd associated with this more effective form of gvhd prophylaxis. the incidences of grades ii-iv ... | 1992 | 1391947 |
| differentiation and erythropoietin receptor gene expression in human erythroid progenitor cells. | partially purified human burst-forming unit-erythroid (bfu-e) cells from peripheral blood were cultured for 6 to 8 days to obtain colony-forming unit-erythroid (cfu-e) cells. when these bfu-e-derived cfu-e were further purified and recultured in liquid suspension cultures with erythropoietin (epo), they matured and differentiated into reticulocytes in vitro. a maximum rate of hemoglobin synthesis was observed at day 10 of cumulative culture time by measuring 59fe incorporation into heme. withdra ... | 1992 | 1391953 |
| bone marrow stromal colony formation requires stimulation by haemopoietic cells. | in mouse bone marrow cultures plated at low cell density, stromal colonies formed from colony-forming unit fibroblastic (cfuf) failed to develop unless the cultures were supplemented with irradiated feeder cells. colony-stimulating activity was produced by irradiated bone marrow and spleen cells and by platelets, was dose dependent, not species specific and was maximal at high serum concentration. the efficiency of cfuf colony formation was 1.7 x 10(-4) for mechanically disaggregated and 14.6 x ... | 1992 | 1392694 |
| mechanisms of fibronectin-mediated attachment of osteoblasts to substrates in vitro. | adhesive proteins of plasma and the extracellular matrix, such as fibronectin, adsorbed onto surfaces mediate cell/substrate adhesion. in a series of experiments, the roles of the type iii connecting segment (iiics) adhesion sites (specifically, cs1 and cs5 peptides) of fibronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, endogenous proteins, and passive attachment in fibronectin-mediated osteoblast attachment were examined in vitro. the cs1 and cs5 peptides of the iiics of fibronectin had no effect on os ... | 1992 | 1392695 |
| vaccination against haemophilus influenzae b disease. | | 1992 | 1392989 |
| antibacterial activity of the investigational oral and parenteral cephalosporin bk-218. | bk-218 is a novel cephalosporin with a dual route of administration and spectrum of activity most similar to that of second-generation cephalosporins. bk-218 was active against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis but strains resistant to penicillins had higher mics. bk-218 had greater activity (8-fold) than cefuroxime or cefaclor against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus spp. moderate bk-218 activity was observed against neisseria gonorrhoeae and commonl ... | 1992 | 1396735 |
| preliminary interpretive criteria for the haemophilus test medium method using 30 micrograms cefepime disks. | | 1992 | 1396744 |
| bacteremia and biliary infection caused by haemophilus influenzae type e in an adult. | | 1992 | 1396761 |
| comparative in vitro activity of cefdinir (ci-983; fk-482) against staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli and respiratory tract pathogens. | the in vitro activity of cefdinir (ci-983; fk-482), a new oral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli and common respiratory tract pathogens. cefdinir (mic90 less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml) was more active than cefixime (mic90 greater than 64 micrograms/ml) and equally as active as cefuroxime (mic90 2.0 micrograms/ml) against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci. cefdinir was active against hae ... | 1992 | 1396778 |
| implementation of the haemophilus b vaccine for infants by family physicians. | this study surveyed the members of the department of family practice in a community hospital regarding the implementation of the newly recommended immunization protocol using haemophilus influenzae b vaccine (hboc) for infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. the purpose was to assess the ability of the physicians to alter their established practices in a timely fashion. the results show that initially 38/66 (58 percent) of the family physicians who care for infants and children were using the new ... | 1992 | 1397412 |
| multiply resistant haemophilus influenzae type b causing meningitis. | the isolation from patients of meningitis, of two multidrug resistant strains of h. influenzae is of relevance to the empirical treatment of meningitis patients. the isolates produced beta lactamase and had higher mics as compared to the four h. influenzae strains sensitive to the drugs commonly used for the treatment of meningitis. the cephalosporins and gentamicin were found to be effective antibiotic agents. the occurrence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cloxacillin, cotrimoxazo ... | 1992 | 1398808 |
| complement activation by polyclonal immunoglobulin g1 and g2 antibodies against staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae type b, and tetanus toxoid. | to obtain information on effector functions of human immunoglobulin g2 (igg2), we have measured the complement-activating properties of polyclonal igg subclass antibodies against bacterial antigens. igg1 and igg2 were purified from serum samples from five healthy individuals, and complement activation was measured with different bacterial antigens. we used staphylococcus aureus wood 46 (staw), which is a common antigen, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), which is a common pathogenic microorgan ... | 1992 | 1398995 |
| a national collaborative study of resistance to antimicrobial agents in haemophilus influenzae in australian hospitals. the australian group for antimicrobial resistance (agar). | an australia-wide survey of the prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial agents among haemophilus influenzae was conducted on clinically significant isolates collected between july 1988 and september 1990. laboratories from the capital cities of each australian state and territory participated. nine hundred and seventy clinical isolates were examined for beta-lactamase production and the mics of ampicillin, coamoxiclav, chloramphenicol, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, tetracycline, rifampici ... | 1992 | 1399925 |
| bactericidal activity of beta-lactams and amikacin against haemophilus influenzae: effect on endotoxin release. | ampicillin or cefotaxime, alone or in combination with amikacin, were tested at levels achievable in csf for bactericidal activity against eight clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae serotype b. endotoxin release was determined by the limulus amoebocyte lysate test and by macrophage tumour necrosis factor production for each beta-lactam antibiotic, alone and in combination with amikacin. accelerated killing was observed when amikacin was added to ampicillin or cefotaxime; however, the addi ... | 1992 | 1399926 |
| in-vitro selection of ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae strains. | | 1992 | 1399935 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of rp 59500. | the in-vitro activity of rp 59500 was compared with that of other appropriate antibiotics against 131 staphylococci, 97 streptococci, 20 enterococci, 68 neisseria spp., 68 haemophilus influenzae, 21 moraxella catarrhalis and 250 gram-negative bacilli. rp 59500 was more active than oxacillin, vancomycin and erythromycin against staphylococci (mic 0.03-4 mg/l). rp 59500 inhibited streptococci between 0.03-1 mg/l and enterococci between 1-8 mg/l, but was less active than ampicillin and erythromycin ... | 1992 | 1399949 |
| generation of lipooligosaccharide mutants of haemophilus influenzae type b. | we previously reported the analysis of recombinant plasmids from haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) that lead to modifications of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) (y. abu kwaik, r. e. mclaughlin, m. a. apicella, and s. m. spinola, mol. microbiol. 5:2475-2480, 1991). the modified lps species are recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) 6e4 and 3f11. mab 6e4 binds to a stable 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid epitope, while mab 3f11 binds to a gal beta 1-4glcnac epitope that phase varies ... | 1992 | 1400198 |
| optimum use of selective plated media in primary processing of respiratory tract specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis. | a total of 258 respiratory tract specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis were inoculated onto nine different plated media, and the rates of recovery of potential pathogens were compared. media included sheep blood agar, enriched chocolate agar, macconkey agar for gram-negative bacilli, chocolate agar containing bacitracin for haemophilus spp., bromcresol green agar for yeasts, cetrimide agar for pseudomonas spp., sheep blood agar containing colistin and nalidixic acid for gram-positive cocc ... | 1992 | 1400978 |
| broth microdilution testing of haemophilus influenzae with haemophilus test medium versus lysed horse blood broth. canadian haemophilus study group. | broth microdilution testing of 702 community-acquired isolates of haemophilus influenzae from across canada was performed with both mueller-hinton broth supplemented with 3% lysed horse blood broth (lhb) (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) and haemophilus test medium (htm). the prevalence of beta-lactamase production was found to be 26% with no regional variation. mics determined with lhb tended to be higher than those with htm, but interpretive errors due to these differences were obs ... | 1992 | 1400992 |
| haemophilus influenzae is frequently detected with monoclonal antibody 8bd9 in sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis. | to determine the frequency of haemophilus influenzae in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), 477 sputum samples obtained from 86 cf patients were analyzed by standard culture and by the in situ immunoperoxidase staining technique with monoclonal antibody 8bd9. h. influenzae was isolated from 109 sputum samples (23%) from 45 patients (52%) and detected by immunoperoxidase staining in 175 sputum samples (37%) obtained from 63 patients (73%). the results of this study demonstrate the fre ... | 1992 | 1401024 |
| immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in allogeneic bone marrow recipients. | a randomized study was conducted in 40 allogeneic marrow recipients to compare the immunogenicity of two haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines (either the hib capsular polysaccharide [hib-cps] or tetanus toxoid-conjugated hib-cps [hib-cps-t]). a second injection consisted of hib-cps-t. before immunization, 3 patients had serum antibody levels > 1 microgram/ml. after the first injection, the response was better after hib-cps-t than after hib-cps but lower than in normal subjects; a number ... | 1992 | 1402013 |
| microbiological considerations of the etiological agents of lower respiratory tract infections. | one hundred eight-four sputum specimens from the same number of patients with lower respiratory tract infections were examined to determine the bacterial count and the relationship between the microorganisms isolated and the presumptive pathology. the sputa were subdivided into three groups; "high probability", "low probability", and "contaminated sputa", following the criteria of the microscopic readings: sputum with more than 25 white cells and low numbers of squamous epithelial cells represen ... | 1992 | 1403075 |
| ferric-ion-photosensitized damage to dna by hydroxyl and non-hydroxyl radical mechanisms. | iron(iii) and uva (320-400 nm) light strongly diminished the transforming activity of haemophilus influenzae dna in the presence of oxygen. iron(iii) alone in the absence of light had no measurable effect on the transforming activity. the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) conferred virtually complete protection, but hydroxyl radical scavengers (mannitol, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and dimethyl sulfoxide) inhibited only a small fraction of the inactivation. treatment of p ... | 1992 | 1403376 |
| unforgettable patients. | | 1992 | 1403407 |
| response to haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children undergoing splenectomy. | asplenic children are at increased risk for serious infection with polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria including haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), streptococcus pneumoniae, and neisseria meningitidis. immunization with polysaccharide vaccines is recommended for children undergoing splenectomy. in 1987 a new more immunogenic hib vaccine was licensed in the us to replace the pure hib polysaccharide vaccine that was licensed in 1985. this polysaccharide-conjugate vaccine consists of the hib pol ... | 1992 | 1403533 |
| identification of two subclasses of iga in the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes). | chimpanzee secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) was separated into two fractions by chromatography using the terminal galactose-binding lectin jacalin. the siga fraction bound by jacalin was cleaved by haemophilus influenzae iga1 protease, whereas the siga nonbinding fraction was not cleaved. it is proposed that these fractions represent iga1 and iga2 subclasses because the presence or absence of galactose-terminal oligosaccharides (jacalin binding) and susceptibility or resistance to iga1 protease ... | 1992 | 1404336 |
| minimal requirements for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 v3 domain to support the syncytium-inducing phenotype: analysis by single amino acid substitution. | the third variable domain (v3) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 external envelope contains determinants of cell tropism, cytopathicity, and infectivity and elicits antibodies able to block infectivity in vitro and in vivo. our study encompassed point-mutational analysis of hxb-2 viruses containing patient-derived v3 regions and expressing a non-syncytium-inducing, low-replicating phenotype in t-cell line supt1. the mutation within v3 of a serine at position 306 into an also naturally o ... | 1992 | 1404617 |
| [clinical significance of respiratory infections associated with lung cancer patients]. | an attempt was made to interpret the clinical significance of secondary infections associated with lung cancer. the incidence of secondary infections was 51.4% in 214 in-patients with lung cancer in our institution in 1988 and 1989, and almost all of them had respiratory infections caused by commonly encountered bacteria. the incidence of infection was high in lung cancer of cell types other than adenocarcinoma, and in those with hypoalbuminemia, impaired cellular immunity and obstruction of the ... | 1992 | 1405100 |
| [general vaccination against haemophilus influenzae type b--unified decision for the entire country is needed]. | | 1992 | 1405940 |
| meningitis vaccines. | | 1992 | 1406436 |
| [neonatal sepsis in the first days of life caused by haemophilus influenzae]. | | 1992 | 1407158 |
| [diagnosis in recurrent bacterial meningitis; a literature study]. | recurrent bacterial meningitis can be caused by different mechanisms. in order to make the diagnostics more efficient, we studied literature to find these underlying mechanisms. two groups could be identified: group i, patients with a congenital or posttraumatic defect in the bones of the skull and group ii, patients with a deficiency of a component of complement. the patients in group i were much younger at the time of their first meningitis and suffered more often from otitis, rhinorrhoea and ... | 1992 | 1407194 |
| development of the human antibody repertoire. | | 1992 | 1408460 |
| igg1, igg2 and igm responses to two haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in young infants. | prp-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex (prp-ompc) and oligosaccharide linked to variant diphtheria toxin (hboc) haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines have both been licensed for united states infants at 2 months of age. differences in serologic responses for these vaccines have been noted with prp-ompc producing an early response at 2 months of age and hboc producing a higher response after a third dose at 6 months of age. to further characterize the nature of these di ... | 1992 | 1408486 |
| validating current immunization practice with young infants. | | 1992 | 1408553 |
| follow-up of patients with occult bacteremia in pediatric emergency departments. | blood cultures are frequently obtained in pediatric emergency departments (eds) from febrile young children at risk for bacteremia and subsequent development of serious bacterial infections. this study of 105 children with occult bacteremia treated in two large urban pediatric eds describes the follow-up of these patients and the impact that positive blood culture results have on the detection of serious illness. seventy-seven percent of patients had a follow-up visit in the ed, 8% had follow-up ... | 1992 | 1408974 |
| [value of corticosteroids in bacterial meningitis]. | bacterial meningitis mortality largely results from the intense host inflammation response to infection. lysis of bacteria releases bacterial components that stimulate production of cytokines. cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of these cytokines have been shown to correlate with the severity of the meningitis in both experimental and clinical situations. dexamethasone has an antiinflammatory effect superior to methylprednisolone. it is the only agent with which significant clinical studies have ... | 1992 | 1409465 |
| inspiratory muscle activity during pulmonary edema in anesthetized dogs. | pulmonary edema is known to induce a rapid and shallow breathing pattern. however, its effects on the level and pattern of distribution of motor activity to the respiratory muscles is unclear. in the present study we evaluated the effect of oleic acid induced pulmonary edema on the electrical activity of the inspiratory muscles (costal and crural diaphragm and parasternal and external intercostal muscles) in the dog, and related it to the transdiaphragmatic pressure and ventilatory parameters ov ... | 1992 | 1410842 |
| influence of topical steroid treatment on maxillary sinusitis. | the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of budesonide administered as a nasal aerosol in addition to sinus washings and erythromycin therapy was assessed by comparison with placebo in a randomized, double-blind study of 40 patients with chronic or recurrent maxillary sinusitis. most of the patients had been referred for operative treatment. corticosteroid therapy, 400 micrograms daily, or placebo was continued for 3 months. budesonide and antral irrigations reduced nasal symptoms more effectiv ... | 1992 | 1411095 |
| on the relationship between theoretical presumptions asbestos genotoxicity and the practical monitoring of exposed workers. | from the genotoxic viewpoint, there exists a sufficient evidence for asbestos carcinogenicity to human population and animals. asbestos is a solid cancer promoter (cocarcinogen) of non-mutagenic character having epigenetic effects (15, 16). no data have been published on its mutagenic activity in "in vivo" conditions in man. the only results are those of our pilot study carried out in the period of 1981-1983, which cast doubts on the official view of non-mutagenic character of asbestos--at least ... | 1992 | 1411244 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of upper respiratory tract pathogens in sweden: a seven year follow-up study including loracarbef. swedish respiratory tract study group. | the antibiotic susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated in five different geographical areas of sweden in 1990 and compared with results from similar investigations performed in 1983 and 1986. tests on 100 isolates per species and laboratory were performed by the disk diffusion method, and 10% of the strains plus all resistant ones were sent to the central laboratory for determination of mics of ampicill ... | 1992 | 1411315 |
| recurrent pneumococcal pneumonia in an hiv-positive patient with lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. | lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (lip) is a rare complication of aids in adults. patients with aids and lip are at high risk for bacterial pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococcus aureus. we have described an hiv-positive patient with lip complicated by recurrent pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae; recurrence was apparently prevented by maintenance penicillin therapy. | 1992 | 1411720 |
| [bacteriological examination of bronchial aspirates obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy]. | we present the bacteriological findings in 329 aspirates from fiberoptic bronchoscopy. quantitative cultures were not performed. 92 of the patients had radiologically confirmed pneumonia, 58 possibly had infectious bronchitis or pneumonia which was not verified radiologically, 154 had other pulmonary diseases and 25 had no verified pulmonary disease. 13% of aspirates contained no bacterial isolates and 33% revealed growth of multiple bacteria, classified as "normal pharyngeal flora". among the 5 ... | 1992 | 1412305 |
| [the morphofunctional characteristics of the effect of centimeter-range microwaves on the rat liver depending on the exposure parameters]. | | 1992 | 1413583 |
| uses and technique of pediatric lumbar puncture. | to review diagnostic and therapeutic indications, contraindications, complications, and technique of pediatric lumbar puncture with emphasis on diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in bacteremia, cellulitis, and fever with seizures and to discuss cerebrospinal fluid findings in partially treated infection and traumatic blood-contaminated spinal tap. | 1992 | 1415042 |
| risk factors for invasive haemophilus influenzae type b in los angeles county children 18-60 months of age. | potential factors that confer risk or protection for invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease were evaluated in los angeles county children 18-60 months of age by case-control methods. in this age group, 79 h. influenzae type b cases were identified by overlapping surveillance methods, and 221 random controls were selected by random digit dialing. cases and controls were similar in sex, prior health, proportion attending day care, parental educational level, history of breast feeding, and ... | 1992 | 1415144 |
| bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | | 1992 | 1416398 |
| [acute otitis media in childhood. clinical and microbiological study of 50 cases]. | fifty cases of acute otitis media effusion (aome) in children less than 14 years of age are reported. the largest age group consisted of children less than 22 months of age (22 cases). otolgia or irritability (80%) and fever (66%) were the most common symptoms. tympanocentesis of the middle-ear effusion was performed in all of the cases. haemophilus influenzae was recovered in 13 patients (26%), s. pneumoniae in 12 (24%), s. pyogenes in 4 (8%), p. aeruginosa in 2 (4%), anaerobic bacteria in 2 (4 ... | 1992 | 1416537 |
| inhibition of nasopharyngeal colonization of hemophilus influenzae by oral immunization. | nontypeable hemophilus influenzae organisms were inoculated into the nasopharynx of balb/c mice immunized by oral administration of formalin-killed bacteria. salivary antibodies and the colonization of h influenzae in the nasopharynx were investigated in order to clarify the effect of oral immunization. salivary immunoglobulin a antibody titers against h influenzae were significantly increased by oral immunization, but salivary immunoglobulin g antibody titers were not. the bacteria inoculated i ... | 1992 | 1416646 |
| in vitro activity and susceptibility to hydrolysis of s-1006. | the in vitro activity of s-1006, the active component of a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, s-1108, inhibited 90% of staphylococcus aureus isolates at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of group a, b, c, f, and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml, and all haemophilus influenzae isolates at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml. although 50% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than or equal ... | 1992 | 1416835 |
| in vitro activity of mc-352, a new 16-membered macrolide. | the in vitro activity of mc-352, 3,4'-dideoxy-5-o-mycaminosyltylonolide, was compared with those of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and rokitamycin. the mc-352 mic90 (mic for 90% of isolates) for erythromycin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis was less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, similar to those of the other agents. the mc-352 mic50 for erythromycin-resistant s. aureus was 2 micrograms/ml, similar to that of rokitamycin. the mc-352 mic90 (0.12 micrograms/ml) for ... | 1992 | 1416853 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e1077, a novel parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | e1077 is a new injectable cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including staphylococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the in vitro activities of e1077 against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mic of e1077 for 90% of the strains tested [mic90], 0.78 microgram/ml) and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mic90, 50 micrograms/ml) were similar to those of cefpirome and flomoxef. against enterococcu ... | 1992 | 1416879 |
| in vitro activity of l-627, a new carbapenem. | the in vitro activity of l-627, a new parenterally administered carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, meropenem, fce 22101 (a penem), ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. l-627 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic for 90% of strains tested [mic90] ranging from 0.03 to 4 micrograms/ml). l-627 displayed activity equal to that of meropenem against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml), although, as with other carbapenems, the antipseudomonal activity was re ... | 1992 | 1416883 |
| mycotic aneurysm of the aortic arch masquerading as systemic lupus erythematosus. | the case is described of a patient with mycotic aneurysm of the aortic arch whose clinical and serological features were indistinguishable from those of systemic lupus erythematosus. surgical resection and repair of the aneurysm resolved her clinical symptoms and the serological abnormalities. | 1992 | 1417142 |
| surgical management of infective endocarditis in children. | infective endocarditis occurs infrequently in the general pediatric population, occurring mostly in patients with congenital heart disease. this study reviews our surgical experience with infective endocarditis based on a policy of aggressive intervention, conservative operative debridement, and creative reconstruction options using pericardium and prosthetic heart valves. from 1982 to 1989, 16 patients, 3 weeks to 16 years of age, underwent 19 intracardiac operations for infective endocarditis ... | 1992 | 1417235 |
| endophthalmitis caused by gram-negative organisms. | the medical records of 52 patients (53 eyes) with culture-proven gram-negative endophthalmitis between january 1982 and december 1990 were reviewed. pseudomonas aeruginosa (23% [12/53]) and haemophilus influenzae (19% [10/53]) were the most frequent isolates in this series. overall, 26 (49%) of 53 treated patients achieved 20/400 or better visual acuity. fifty-two (98%) of the original 53 gram-negative isolates were sensitive to the aminoglycoside antibiotics. to determine their sensitivity to r ... | 1992 | 1417545 |
| adherence of haemophilus influenzae to middle ear mucosa injured by killed h. influenzae. | repetitive acute otitis media is due to recurrent bacterial infection of middle ear superimposed on chronic otitis media with effusion. endotoxin, one of the constituents of haemophilus influenzae, is present in some cases in the middle ear effusion of otitis media with effusion and has been demonstrated experimentally to damage the middle ear mucosa. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of killed h. influenzae on the adherence of h. influenzae and h. parainfluenzae to the middle ea ... | 1992 | 1417576 |
| complementary dna cloning and expression of pit-1/ghf-1 from the domestic turkey. | the transition from egg laying to incubation activity in birds is associated with a dramatic rise in serum prolactin levels. to further our understanding of the regulation of prolactin gene expression in birds, a cdna clone encoding turkey pit-1/ghf-1 was isolated. the turkey cdna, designated tpit-1/ghf-1, was 1,123 nucleotides in length and encoded a protein of 327 amino acids, including a conserved 80-amino-acid pou-specific domain and a 60-amino-acid pou homeodomain. tpit-1/ghf-1 pou-specific ... | 1992 | 1418622 |
| [epidemic outbreak of viral meningitis caused by type 30 echo virus]. | the clinical records of 15 children admitted to hospital infantile de méxico federico gómez with diagnosis of viral meningitis were reviewed. they were part of 19 patients admitted with this diagnosis during a 5 week period (march 22 to april 30, 1992) and represent a significant increase of aseptic meningitis compared with the same periods of previous years at hospital infantile de mexico and in mexico city where there is an ongoing epidemic outbreak of this entity. all the patients studied had ... | 1992 | 1418647 |
| ethanol drinking patterns in a continuous-access operant situation: effects of ethanol concentration and response requirements. | rats, initiated to self-administer ethanol with either a sucrose-substitution procedure or a secondary-conditioning procedure, were maintained in a continuous-access environmental system in which operant lever press responses were required to receive 10% ethanol and food reinforcement. water available from a drinking tube was electronically monitored to detect licks. total daily consumption and patterns of food, water, and ethanol responding were analyzed under conditions in which the concentrat ... | 1992 | 1418666 |
| effects of morphine on acquisition and maintenance of ethanol and water intake patterns in rats. | two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of chronic subcutaneous injections of morphine (1.0 mg/kg) or saline on the pattern and amount of sweetened ethanol and water intake in fluid restricted long-evans rats. following daily injections, 2-h two-bottle choice tests were conducted with water and an ethanol solution (15% ethanol v/v in 5% sucrose w/v). during a 20-day acquisition phase (experiment 1), ethanol intake patterns and amounts did not differ between saline (n = 6) and morphi ... | 1992 | 1418670 |
| do central antiadrenergic actions contribute to the atypical properties of clozapine? | full neuropharmacological understanding of the atypical antipsychotic agent clozapine remains elusive. antidopaminergic actions of most neuroleptics probably contribute to their antipsychotic benefits, but also to neurological side-effects. clinical evidence of abnormalities of dopamine (da) and serotonin (5-ht) in psychotic disorders is inconsistent, but there is substantial metabolic and post-mortem evidence for hyperactivity of noradrenaline (na). clozapine is only weakly antidopaminergic but ... | 1992 | 1418884 |
| tumor necrosis factor and chemotherapeutic agents. potentiation of cytotoxicity with interferon gamma. | this study examined combinations of the recombinant human cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, with doxorubicin and dactinomycin as well as other drugs on six squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of head and neck origin using the 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide proliferation assay. interferon gamma significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor alpha with dactinomycin on all six cell lines investigated, while in four of six cell ... | 1992 | 1418895 |
| bacteremia during tonsillectomy. | to determine the risk of bacteremia during tonsillectomy, we cultured blood specimens that were taken from 32 children during surgery and tonsillar swabs that were obtained just before excision, and compared the results with quantitative cultures of the excised tonsillar tissue. twenty-five children had haemophilus influenzae within the tonsillar tissue (density range, 10(3) to 10(8) colony-forming units per gram), and seven had streptococcus pyogenes (density, 10(3) colony-forming units per gra ... | 1992 | 1418902 |
| molecular genetics and genetic epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. introductory remarks: risk factor levels and variability. | | 1992 | 1418917 |
| a two-year prospective, nationwide study to determine the epidemiology and impact of invasive childhood haemophilus influenzae type b infection in israel. the israeli pediatric bacteremia and meningitis group. | accurate data on invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease from countries other than the united states and western europe are limited, and none are available from the middle east. we report the results of a nationwide prospective epidemiological study in israel whose purpose was to provide a background for decisions regarding the need for hib conjugate vaccinations. during the 2 study years, 344 patients less than 13 years of age with a positive blood or csf culture for hib were seen ... | 1992 | 1420692 |
| aids enteropathy. | chronic diarrhea is one of the hallmarks of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. the symptoms of this complication are troublesome, have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life, and in severe cases can lead to extreme abnormalities in fluids and electrolytes and can even cause death. the workup for aids-associated diarrhea is often frustrating and frequently unrewarding. however, during the last 10 years, much has been learned about the causes of diarrhea; while tre ... | 1992 | 1420693 |
| antibacterial oxazolidinones. in vitro activity of a new analogue, e3709. | the oxazolidinone compound e3709, which contains a 4-pyridyl group, was found to be more active in vitro than other members of this series, such as dup 721. mic90 for staphylococci(including methicillin-resistant isolates), streptococci (including enterococcus faecalis), clostridia, and diphtheroids was less than 0.5 micrograms/ml. haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and bacteroides fragilis were less susceptible, with an mic90 between 2 and 8 micrograms/ml. e3709 mics of gram-negativ ... | 1992 | 1424519 |
| in vitro activity of cefprozil (bmy 28100) and cefepime (bmy 28142) against streptococcus pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae, and provisional interpretive criteria for disk diffusion and dilution susceptibility tests with haemophilus influenzae. | the in vitro activities of two new cephalosporins, an oral agent, cefprozil and a parenteral compound, cefepime, were assessed against recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. in general, both cefprozil and cefepime mics were higher for beta-lactamase-producing strains of m. catarrhalis in comparison to strains that lacked beta-lactamase. by contrast, beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of h. influenzae had s ... | 1992 | 1424521 |
| pneumonia due to haemophilus influenzae among mechanically ventilated patients. incidence, outcome, and risk factors. | incidence and potential risk factors for pneumonia due to haemophilus influenzae in adults treated with mechanical ventilation in a medical-surgical icu were investigated. diagnosis was established in 91 episodes and h influenzae was isolated in 20 of them. mean onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) due to h influenzae was 10.8 days after intubation. six patients with h influenzae vap died in the icu. of 13 risk factors for developing vap due to h influenzae, an absence of prior antibio ... | 1992 | 1424890 |
| in vitro susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae to cefaclor, cefixime, cefetamet and loracarbef. | the susceptibility of 2,212 haemophilus influenzae isolates cultured in uk clinical laboratories in 1991 was determined for four orally-administered beta-lactam drugs. these isolates included 1,893 ampicillin-susceptible, 191 beta-lactamase-positive and 128 ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative haemophilus influenzae. while 150 (6.8%) isolates were resistant to cefaclor (mic > or = 16 mg/l) and 85 (3.8%) to loracarbef, all were inhibited by < or = 2 mg/l cefetamet and < or = 1 mg/l cefix ... | 1992 | 1425737 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new antibiotic vermisporin. | the antimicrobial activity of vermisporin, a new antibiotic produced by fermentation of the fungus ophiobolus vermisporis, was tested in vitro. vermisporin inhibited 90% of bacteroides fragilis and other bacteroides spp. at 1 microgram/ml (range 0.25-1 micrograms/ml). clostridium perfringens were inhibited by 1 microgram/ml (range 0.25-2 micrograms/ml). vermisporin inhibited 90% of staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, at 0.5 micrograms/ml (range 0.12-0.5 ... | 1992 | 1425739 |
| cortical visual impairment following bacterial meningitis: magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potentials findings in two cases. | cortical visual impairment (cvi) following bacterial meningitis is a very uncommon complication. two children with cvi following bacterial meningitis are reported. bacterial agents were haemophilus influenzae type b in one and meningococci in the other child. both children showed only insufficient recovery from cvi, mental retardation and residual neurological symptoms. flash visual evoked potentials (vep) showed preserved cortical response at onset of cvi. re-evaluations several months later sh ... | 1992 | 1425803 |