| cmy-31 and cmy-36 cephalosporinases encoded by cole1-like plasmids. | two cmy-2 derivatives, cmy-31 (gln(215)-->arg) from salmonella enterica serotype newport and cmy-36 (ala(77)-->cys and gln(193)-->glu) from klebsiella pneumoniae, were characterized. both cephalosporinases functionally resembled cmy-2. bla(cmy) alleles occurred as parts of a putative transposon comprising isecp1b and a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence carried by cole1-like plasmids similar to cmy-5-encoding ptkh11 from klebsiella oxytoca. | 2009 | 19104021 |
| normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of lps from gram-negative bacteria. | there is now evidence that an increased translocation of lps from gram negative bacteria with subsequent gut-derived inflammation, i.e. induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative & nitrosative stress (io&ns), is a new pathway in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs). | 2008 | 19112401 |
| biodegradation potential of pure and mixed bacterial cultures for removal of 4-nitroaniline from textile dye wastewater. | environmentally toxic aromatic amines including nitroanilines are commonly generated in dye contaminated wastewater in which azo dyes undergo degradation under anaerobic conditions. the aim of this study was to develop a process for biological treatment of 4-nitroaniline. three bacteria identified as acinetobacter sp., citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from enrichment cultures of activated sludge on 4-nitroaniline, after which the isolates and the mixed culture were studi ... | 2009 | 19114284 |
| interleukin-17 in host defence against bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens. | the mammalian immune system is intricately regulated, allowing for potent pathogen-specific immunity to be rapidly activated in response to infection with a broad and diverse array of potential pathogens. as a result of their ability to differentiate into distinct effector lineages, cd4 t cells significantly contribute to pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. through the production of effector cytokines, cd4 t helper (th) cells orchestrate the precise mobilization of specific immune cells ... | 2009 | 19125888 |
| early development of lactic acidosis with short term linezolid treatment in a renal recipient. | | 2008 | 19129081 |
| [estimation of level of aminoglycosides susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from patients with systemic and general infections]. | susceptibility tests to aminoglycosides of 200 bacterial strains isolated in period 1.01.2007-30.04.2008 from hospitalized patients in different wroclaw clinics were performed. among tested strains were 96 gram-negative rods belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family, 74 non-fermentative rods and 30 strains of staphylococcus aureus. the results of antibiotic susceptibility determined by serial antibiotic dilution in solid medium indicated that among enterobacteriaceae the most susceptible to ami ... | 2008 | 19143174 |
| differential roles of interleukin-17a and -17f in host defense against mucoepithelial bacterial infection and allergic responses. | interleukin-17a (il-17a) is a cytokine produced by t helper 17 (th17) cells and plays important roles in the development of inflammatory diseases. although il-17f is highly homologous to il-17a and binds the same receptor, the functional roles of this molecule remain largely unknown. here, we demonstrated with il17a(-/-), il17f(-/-), and il17a(-/-)il17f(-/-) mice that il-17f played only marginal roles, if at all, in the development of delayed-type and contact hypersensitivities, autoimmune encep ... | 2009 | 19144317 |
| molecular identification of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria from raw cow's milk. | the aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to assess the microbiota of eight raw cow's milk samples at biotype and species level. sixty-six isolates from raw milk samples were screened by randomly amplified polymorphic dna-pcr (rapd-pcr) biotyping and representative strains of rapd-pcr profiles were identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing. pseudomonas spp. were the most commonly occurring contaminants along with enterobacteriaceae such as hafnia alvei, serratia marcescens and citrobact ... | 2009 | 19171267 |
| a prospective, descriptive study to identify the microbiological profile of chronic wounds in outpatients. | indiscriminate use of antibiotics for infected chronic wounds is a global problem that may contribute to delayed healing and the development of drug-resistant micro-organisms. a prospective, descriptive cohort study of 50 male and female outpatients (mean age 52.50 [+/- 14.84] years, range 18-90) with 52 chronic wounds was conducted to investigate the microbiological profile and prevalence of drug-resistant strains in chronic nonhealing wounds to develop an evidence-based approach to antibiotic ... | 2009 | 19174585 |
| [current bacterial causes of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease]. | introduction: osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease has been caused mainly by salmonella species, but in recent years, greater variation has resulted in other bacteria sometimes heading this list. we conducted this survey to determine the present distribution of causative bacteria, to improve initial probabilistic antibiotic therapy. | 2008 | 19188128 |
| modelling of infection by enteropathogenic escherichia coli strains in lineages 2 and 4 ex vivo and in vivo by using citrobacter rodentium expressing tccp. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains colonize the human gut mucosa via attaching-and-effacing (a/e) lesion formation, while in vitro they employ diverse strategies to trigger actin polymerization. strains belonging to the epec-1 lineage trigger strong actin polymerization via tyrosine phosphorylation of the type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector tir, recruitment of nck, and activation of n-wasp. strains belonging to epec-2 and epec-4 can trigger strong actin polymerization by dual ... | 2009 | 19188355 |
| accumulation of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes, qepa and qnrs1, in enterobacter aerogenes co-producing rmtb and class a beta-lactamase lap-1. | a new plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump gene, qepa, is known to be associated with the rmtb gene, which confers high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. we investigated the qepa gene in 573 ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae including one citrobacter freundii known to harbor rmtb. of them, two clonally unrelated e. aerogenes harbored qepa. both isolates co-harbored rmtb, qnrs1, qepa, and bla(lap-1) on an incfi type plasmid. the qepa was flanked by two copies of is26 containing iscr3c, ... | 2009 | 19201742 |
| prevalence and characteristics of aac(6')-ib-cr in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens: a multicenter study from korea. | we investigated the prevalence of aac(6')-ib-cr and its association with other resistance genes in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae without any selection criteria. a total of 479 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae (179), citrobacter freundii (134), and serratia marcescens (166) from 12 laboratories between march and july 2005 were examined. we performed polymerase chain reaction for aac(6')-ib, bla(oxa-1), isecp1, and class 1 integron. the aac(6')-ib-cr was further identified by digestio ... | 2009 | 19216942 |
| evaluation of colostrum-derived human mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 (m-saa3) protein and peptide derivatives for the prevention of enteric infection: in vitro and in murine models of intestinal disease. | in vitro experiments confirmed that a 10-mer peptide derived from human mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 (m-saa3) protected intestinal epithelial cells from enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) adherence. the entire 42-mer human m-saa3 protein was even more effective, reducing epec binding by 72% relative to untreated cells (p<0.05), compared with 25% and 57% reductions for the human 10-mer and lactobacillus gg, respectively. however, none of the m-saa3 peptides reduced salmonella invasio ... | 2009 | 19220465 |
| [multitalented lymphostatin]. | gastrointestinal infections are a significant cause of diarrhea and a worldwide problem with annually one billion illnesses and 3 to 4 million deaths. gram negative bacteria like enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) in developing countries and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) in the developed world are responsible for the majority of acute diarrheal episodes, especially among children less than three years of age. pathogenic e. coli are supplied with an arsenal of effector proteins to modify and neut ... | 2009 | 19224428 |
| [a case of peritonitis due to streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus]. | a 55-year-old man admitted on april 1, 2008, for sudden abdominal pain onset whose laboratory data demonstrated apparent inflammation and whose computed tomography (ct) results showed free air and ascites underwent emergency surgery. an ascetic fluid sample submitted for bacteriological examination yielded streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. he was treated for 6 days with flomoxef (fmox; 3 g/day) and recovered, ... | 2009 | 19227226 |
| class 1 and class 2 integrons and plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in coliforms isolated from ten rivers in northern turkey. | we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in coliforms isolated from ten rivers in northern region of turkey. a total of 183 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was detected in 58%, 51.9%, 24%, 28.4%, and 12.5%, respectively. twelve (6.5%) phylogenetically distant organisms were detected to harbor self-transmissible p ... | 2009 | 19229487 |
| characterization of a beta-glucoside operon (bgc) prevalent in septicemic and uropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | escherichia coli strains, in general, do not ferment cellobiose and aryl-beta-d-glucosidic sugars, although "cryptic" beta-d-glucoside systems have been characterized. here we describe an additional cryptic operon (bgc) for the utilization of cellobiose and the aryl-beta-d-glucosides arbutin and salicin at low temperature. the bgc operon was identified by the characterization of beta-glucoside-positive mutants of an e. coli septicemia strain (i484) in which the well-studied bgl (aryl-beta-d-gluc ... | 2009 | 19233952 |
| 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying common uropathogens: a metabolic approach to the urinary tract infection. | to address the shortcomings of urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (uti), we used 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus mirabilis. | 2009 | 19239442 |
| contribution of the pst-phou operon to cell adherence by atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli and virulence of citrobacter rodentium. | strains of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) generally employ the adhesins bundle-forming pili (bfp) and intimin to colonize the intestine. atypical epec strains possess intimin but are negative for bfp and, yet, are able to cause disease. to identify alternative adhesins to bfp in atypical epec, we constructed a transposon mutant library of atypical epec strain e128012 (serotype o114:h2) using tnphoa. six mutants that had lost the ability to adhere to hep-2 cells were identified, and in ... | 2009 | 19255191 |
| detection of bacterioplankton in immersed cadavers using selective agar plates. | we measured bacterioplankton in blood from cadavers retrieved from the sea (n=12), near estuaries (n=4), rivers (fresh water, n=8) and from bathtubs (n=4) as well as from non-drowned victims (n=10) discovered near aquatic environments. blood from 11 victims drowned in seawater developed bioluminescent and/or blue colonies (oxidase test positive) on selective media containing 2-4% nacl. homology analyses of the 16s rrna gene showed that all of them were marine bacteria (genera: photobacterium, vi ... | 2009 | 19261520 |
| effect of probiotics lactobacillus acidophilus on citrobacter rodentium colitis: the role of dendritic cells. | modulation of the intestinal immune response early in life by administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or attenuating infectious diarrhea. we preinoculated the mice early in life with the probiotic bacteria lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm (la) at age 2 wk. dendritic cells (dcs) were collected and purified from mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) and spleens of the balbc/byj mice. dc isolation and adoptive transfer was used to examine the function of probiotics. we ... | 2009 | 19262293 |
| innate immune recognition of infected apoptotic cells directs t(h)17 cell differentiation. | adaptive immune responses rely on differentiation of cd4 t helper cells into subsets with distinct effector functions best suited for host defence against the invading pathogen. interleukin (il)-17-producing t helper cells (t(h)17) are a recently identified subset, separate from the t helper type 1 (t(h)1) and t helper type 2 (t(h)2) subsets. synergy between the cytokines transforming growth factor-beta and il-6 in vitro induces development of t(h)17 cells in mouse and human systems, whereas il- ... | 2009 | 19262671 |
| the bacterial virulence factor lymphostatin compromises intestinal epithelial barrier function by modulating rho gtpases. | lymphocyte inhibitory factor a (lifa) in citrobacter rodentium encodes the large toxin lymphostatin, which contains two enzymatic motifs associated with bacterial pathogenesis, a glucosyltransferase and a protease. our aim was to determine the effects of each lymphostatin motif on intestinal epithelial-barrier function. in-frame mutations of c. rodentium lifa glucosyltransferase (crglm21) and protease (crprm5) were generated by homologous recombination. infection of both model intestinal epithel ... | 2009 | 19286565 |
| antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus species isolated from telephone receivers. | microorganisms are transferred to everyday objects from the environment and infected individuals. pathogenic microbes are transmissible from the air, skin, hands and other interpersonal contacts and cause diseases most of the time. this study centres on the microbial assessment of telephone receivers, their ability to transfer bacterial infections and the isolation of these microorganisms from receivers, with an emphasis on staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. | 2009 | 19296038 |
| emergence of a plasmid mediated bla (vim-1) in citrobacter koseri: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (italy). | | 2009 | 19297281 |
| novel ctx-m {beta}-lactamase genotype distribution and spread into multiple species of enterobacteriaceae in changsha, southern china. | the aim of this study was to undertake a survey of the occurrence of ctx-m and shv extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) genotypes in enterobacteriaceae from hunan province, china. | 2009 | 19297379 |
| leptoglycin: a new glycine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin secretion of the south american frog leptodactylus pentadactylus (leptodactylidae). | antimicrobial peptides are components of innate immunity that is the first-line defense against invading pathogens for a wide range of organisms. here, we describe the isolation, biological characterization and amino acid sequencing of a novel neutral glycine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide from skin secretion of leptodactylus pentadactylus named leptoglycin. the amino acid sequence of the peptide purified by rp-hplc (c(18) column) was deduced by mass spectrometric de novo sequencing and conf ... | 2009 | 19298834 |
| effects of an alternative cefepime dosing strategy in pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by enterobacter spp, citrobacter freundii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa: a single-center, open-label, prospective, observational study. | various dosing strategies for cefepime have been developed in an effort to maximize pharmacodynamic exposure of this agent against gram-negative infections. an assessment of cefepime dosing strategies is warranted given recent reports of poorer treatment outcomes associated with cefepime compared with other antibiotics, particularly in patients infected with gram-negative organisms with elevated mics. | 2009 | 19302902 |
| targeted capture of pathogenic bacteria using a mammalian cell receptor coupled with dielectrophoresis on a biochip. | efficient capture of target analyte on biosensor platforms is a prerequisite for reliable and specific detection of pathogenic microorganisms in a microfluidic chip. antibodies have been widely used as ligands; however, because of their occasional unsatisfactory performance, a search for alternative receptors is underway. heat shock protein 60 (hsp60), a eukaryotic mitochondrial chaperon protein is a receptor for listeria adhesion protein (lap) during listeria monocytogenes infection. this paper ... | 2009 | 19317455 |
| genomic analysis of the pai icl3 locus in pathogenic lee-negative shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) causes a spectrum of human illnesses such as haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. although the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) seems to confer enhanced virulence, lee-negative stec strains are also associated with severe human disease, suggesting that other unknown factors enhance the virulence potential of stec strains. a novel hybrid pathogenicity island, termed pai i(cl3), has been previously characterized in the lee-negative ... | 2009 | 19332804 |
| molecular characterisation of the reca locus in clinical isolates of verocytotoxigenic e. coli o157:h7. | molecular epidemiology of verocytoxigenic escherichia coli o157:h7 is important to help elucidate reservoirs and modes of transmission, particularly between animals and humans. as the reca gene locus is now beginning to gain application in bacterial genotyping schemes, and as it has not been examined previously in e. coli o157 isolates, this study aims to examine potential polymorphic variation as a possible epidemiological marker for the subspecies characterisation of clinically significant ver ... | 2009 | 19348125 |
| bacterial indicators of pollution of the douala lagoon, cameroon: public health implications. | indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes which are often heavily laden with sewage microorganisms some of which are pathogenic to humans into aquatic environments near cities could serve as potential dangers to human health. | 2008 | 19357756 |
| conjugal transformation and transposon and chemical mutagenesis of gram-negative selenate-respiring citrobacter sp. strain jsa. | conjugal mating between selenate-reducing citrobacter sp. strain jsa and escherichia coli s17-1 bearing psup2021 allowed transposon mutagenesis and chromosomal transformation. kanamycin-resistant transconjugants were obtained successfully by this method from a freshwater selenate-respiring citrobacter sp. strain jsa. the maximum frequency of kanamycin-resistant tn5 transconjugants was 3.6 x 10(-6) per recipient of this strain. of these transconjugants, eight strains of selenate reduction-deficie ... | 2009 | 19365687 |
| [real-time pcr for fast detection of plasmid-mediated qnr genes in extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae]. | to develop a fast and reliable real time pcr technique for detecting plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnra, qnrb and qnrs. | 2010 | 19375248 |
| role of azithromycin against clinical isolates of family enterobacteriaceae: a comparison of its minimum inhibitory concentration by three different methods. | to determine the effect of azithromycin, a new azalide antibiotic, on clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae and to determine and compare its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) by disk diffusion, agar dilution and e-test methods. | 2009 | 19384031 |
| learning susceptibility of a pathogen to antibiotics using data from similar pathogens. | selection of empirical antibiotic therapy relies on knowledge of the in vitro susceptibilities of potential pathogens to antibiotics. in this paper the limitations of this knowledge are outlined and a method that can reduce some of the problems is developed. | 2009 | 19387503 |
| two chromosomally located qnrb variants, qnrb6 and the new qnrb16, in citrobacter spp. isolates causing bacteraemia. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance genes qnra, qnrb and qnrs in a collection of enterobacteriaceae causing bacteraemia. the presence of the three genes was tested for using multiplex pcr in 306 clinical isolates. plasmid analysis was performed using i-ceui and s1 nuclease digestion and hybridization with specific probes for the qnr and 23s rrna genes. five strains were found to carry a qnr gene, one of which, qnrb16, a new varian ... | 2009 | 19392890 |
| cardiac tamponade caused by polymicrobial gram-negative organisms. | polymicrobial gram-negative pericarditis is a rare entity. we describe the first case of suppurative pericarditis with citrobacter diversus and proteus mirabilis. | 2009 | 19395299 |
| linear alkylbenzene sulfonate tolerance in bacteria isolated from sediment of tropical water bodies polluted with detergents. | the discharge of untreated detergent-bearing waste introduces linear alklcylbenzene sulfonates (las) to the aquatic environment. the surfactant persists in some streams and rivers in nigeria, some is adsorbed to suspended materials and end in the sediment of the receiving water bodies. in this study, bacteria isolated from sediments of some tropical detergent-effluent-polluted streams were tested for tolerance to las using the media dilution technique. las-tolerance was indicated by growth of th ... | 2008 | 19419067 |
| dark secrets behind the shimmer of contact lens: the indian scenario. | we studied the bacteriological profile of soft contact lens and its accessories among the asymptomatic subjects and monitored the compliance level with the lens use and its cleaning protocol. | 2009 | 19426534 |
| diversity of culturable sulfidogenic bacteria in two oil-water separation tanks in the north-eastern oil fields of india. | sulfidogenic communities in the production waters of onshore oil fields in north-eastern india were examined using a culturing approach. production water samples were inoculated into medium selective for sulfate reducing bacteria (srb) and thiosulfate reducing bacteria (trb). the total number of viable sulfidogenic microorganisms in the samples obtained from the two production water tanks was approximately 10(5) mpn ml(-1) (most probable number per ml). most of the isolates were thermo-tolerant ... | 2010 | 19427389 |
| [ability of opportunistic enterobacteria to adapt to different temperatures]. | to study variability of enzymatic apparatus of opportunistic enterobacteria. | 2009 | 19459471 |
| citrobacter rodentium colitis evokes post-infectious hyperexcitability of mouse nociceptive colonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. | to investigate the possible contribution of peripheral sensory mechanisms to abdominal pain following infectious colitis, we examined whether the citrobacter rodentium mouse model of human e. coli infection caused hyperexcitability of nociceptive colonic dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons and whether these changes persisted following recovery from infection. mice were gavaged with c. rodentium or distilled water. perforated patch clamp recordings were obtained from acutely dissociated fast blue ... | 2009 | 19470777 |
| antibiotic resistance of gram negatives isolates from loggerhead sea turtles (caretta caretta) in the central mediterranean sea. | previous studies on fish and marine mammals support the hypothesis that marine species harbor antibiotic resistance and therefore may serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistance genetic determinants. the aim of this study was to assess the resistance to antimicrobial agents of gram negative strains isolated from loggerhead sea turtles (carettacaretta). oral and cloacal swabs from 19 live-stranded loggerhead sea turtles, with hooks fixed into the gut, were analyzed. the antimicrobial resistance ... | 2009 | 19473669 |
| temporal alterations in brain water diffusivity in neonatal meningitis. | to compare changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (adc) in neonatal meningitis using serial diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi). | 2009 | 19485957 |
| bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions and block cell detachment. | the rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. nevertheless, many pathogenic bacteria, including shigella, are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the epithelium efficiently. here we show that the shigella flexneri effector ospe (consisting of ospe1 and ospe2 proteins), which is highly conserved among enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, citrobacter rodentium and salmonella strains, rei ... | 2009 | 19489119 |
| bacterial flora in normal adult maxillary sinuses. | conflicting data exist about the presence of bacteria in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. this study was designed to determine the bacterial flora and to quantify the level of bacterial presence in healthy maxillary sinus cavities. | 2009 | 19490798 |
| bacterial ampd at the crossroads of peptidoglycan recycling and manifestation of antibiotic resistance. | the bacterial enzyme ampd is an early catalyst in commitment of cell wall metabolites to the recycling events within the cytoplasm. the key internalized metabolite of cell wall recycling, beta-d-n-acetylglucosamine-(1-->4)-1,6-anhydro-beta-n-acetylmuramyl-l-ala-gamma-d-glu-meso-dap-d-ala-d-ala (compound 1), is a poor substrate for ampd. two additional metabolites, 1,6-anhydro-n-acetylmuramyl-peptidyl derivatives 2a and 2c, served as substrates for ampd with a k(cat)/k(m) of >10(4) m(-1) s(-1). t ... | 2009 | 19496566 |
| activity of the anti-mrsa carbapenem razupenem (ptz601) against enterobacteriaceae with defined resistance mechanisms. | razupenem (previously known as ptz601, pz-601, smp-601 or sm-216601) is a novel carbapenem, active against enterobacteriaceae as well as gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. | 2009 | 19497942 |
| methionine gamma-lyase: mechanistic deductions from the kinetic ph-effects. the role of the ionic state of a substrate in the enzymatic activity. | we have studied and compared the ph-dependencies of the main kinetic parameters for the alpha,gamma-elimination reactions of methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) of citrobacter intermedius with natural substrate, l-methionine, with its phosphinic analogue, and for alpha,beta-elimination reaction with s-methyl-l-cysteine. from the ph-dependency of k(cat)/k(m) for the reaction with l-methionine we have concluded that mgl is selective with respect to the zwitterionic form of its natural substrate. for the ... | 2009 | 19501676 |
| specificity analysis of a novel phage-derived ligand in an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7. | an assay using a phage-derived ligand to capture escherichia coli o157:h7 prior to antibody detection was evaluated for assay specificity. analysis of 200 strains showed that the assay was highly specific for the o157 serogroup. it detected all the o157:h7 strains including shiga toxin-producing o157 nonmotile strains as well as o157 non-h7 strains. in addition, the assay detected various o157:h7 phenotypic variants that are not easily detected by routine analytical methods, as well as a rough s ... | 2009 | 19517737 |
| distribution of espm and espt among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) translocate dozens of type iii secretion system effectors, including the wxxxe effectors map, espm and espt that activate rho gtpases. while map, which is carried on the lee pathogenicity island, is absolutely conserved among epec and ehec strains, the prevalence of espm and espt is not known. here we report the results of a large screen aimed at determining the prevalence of espm and espt among clinical epec and ehec ... | 2009 | 19528152 |
| decreased expression of colonic slc26a3 and carbonic anhydrase iv as a cause of fatal infectious diarrhea in mice. | citrobacter rodentium causes epithelial hyperplasia and colitis and is used as a model for enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infections. little or no mortality develops in most inbred strains of mice, but c3h and fvb/n mice exhibit fatal outcomes of infection. here we test the hypothesis that decreased intestinal transport activity during c. rodentium infection results in fatality in c3h/heou and fvb/n mice. susceptible strains were compared to resistant c57bl/6 mice and to ... | 2009 | 19546193 |
| pathogenic bacteria induce colonic pept1 expression: an implication in host defense response. | expression of the di/tripeptide transporter pept1 has been observed in the colon under inflammatory conditions; however, the inducing factors and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. here, we address the effects of pathogenic bacteria on colonic pept1 expression together with its functional consequences. | 2009 | 19549526 |
| antibiotic susceptibility profiles of uncommon bacterial species causing severe infections in italy. | this study presents the results of the italian "severe infections project" involving bacteria that can be considered rare causes of disease. we isolated 30 uncommon human pathogens from a total of 60 strains (1.2% of all the isolates). the most frequent sources of uncommon human pathogens were primary bloodstream infections (48.3%) and pneumonia (20%). species such as comamonas testosteroni, enterococcus hirae, kluyvera ascorbata, kluyvera cryocrescens, leclercia adecarboxylata and ochrobactrum ... | 2009 | 19567344 |
| structure of an abequose-containing o-polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii o22 strain pcm 1555. | the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o22 (strain pcm 1555) was degraded under mild acidic conditions and the o-polysaccharide released was isolated by gel chromatography. sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h roesy and (1)h,(13)c hmbc experiments, showed that the repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide has the following structure: alpha-abep 1 -->3 --> 2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1--> ... | 2009 | 19576576 |
| production of l-dopa and dopamine in recombinant bacteria bearing the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene. | given the well-established beneficial effects of vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) on heterologous organisms, the potential of this protein for the production of l-dopa and dopamine in two bacteria, citrobacter freundii and erwinia herbicola, was investigated. the constructed recombinants bearing the vhb gene (vgb(+)) had substantially higher levels of cytoplasmic l-dopa (112 mg/l for c. freundii and 97 mg/l for e. herbicola) than their respective hosts (30.4 and 33.8 mg/l) and the vgb(-) control st ... | 2009 | 19585534 |
| influence of long-term consumption of a lactococcus lactis strain on the intestinal immunity and intestinal flora of the senescence-accelerated mouse. | the senescence-accelerated mouse develops normally until 5-6 months of age and then displays rapid and irreversible advancement of senescence manifesting as clinical signs and gross lesions. to clarify the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the physiological changes with increasing age, heat-killed lactococcus lactis g50 was administered to 1-month-old senescence-accelerated-prone mouse (samp)6 mice for 11 months, a senescence-accelerated mouse strain that develops senile osteoporosis. mice fed g ... | 2009 | 19586567 |
| genetic context of plasmid-carried blacmy-2-like genes in enterobacteriaceae. | analysis of 15 european clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates showed that differences in the genetic context of blacmy-2-like genes reflected the replicon type, usually inca/c or inci1. these blacmy-2 loci may originate from the same isecp1-mediated mobilization from the citrobacter freundii chromosome as structures described in earlier studies. | 2009 | 19596889 |
| synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole incorporating diphenylsulfone moieties. | a series of thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole incorporating diphenylsulfone moieties were synthesized starting from 5-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thioles 3a-c, x=h, cl, br. thus, alkylation of 1,2,4-triazoles 3 with phenacyl bromide or 4-bromophenacyl bromide afforded s-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles 4, 5. these new intermediates 4 and 5, in the presence of h(2)so(4) (c), were cyclized to 2-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(4-y-phenyl)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b]-[1,2,4]-triazoles 6, 7 ... | 2009 | 19616347 |
| bacterial contamination of blood and blood components in three major blood transfusion centers, accra, ghana. | reports from studies conducted in several countries indicate a high incidence of bacterial contamination of donor blood. the prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and its products in ghana is not known. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and its products at the three major blood transfusion centers in the greater accra region of ghana. stored whole blood and its products were cultured on different media, and isolates were identified ... | 2009 | 19628902 |
| differentiation of whole bacterial cells based on high-throughput microarray chip printing and infrared microspectroscopic readout. | using robotic automation, a microarray printing protocol for whole bacterial cells was developed for subsequent label-free and nondestructive infrared microspectroscopic detection. using this contact microspotting system, 24 microorganisms were printed on zinc selenide slides; these were 6 species of listeria, 10 species of vibrio, 2 strains of photobacterium damselae, yersinia enterocolitica 289, bacillus cereus atcc 14529, staphylococcus aureus, atcc 19075 (serotype 104 b), shigella sonnei 201 ... | 2009 | 19630511 |
| community-wide response of the gut microbiota to enteropathogenic citrobacter rodentium infection revealed by deep sequencing. | we investigated the spatial and temporal response of the murine gut microbiome to infection with citrobacter rodentium, an attaching-and-effacing bacterium that provokes innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in transient bacterial colitis. previous studies have suggested that c. rodentium-induced inflammation is associated with an increased abundance of enterobacteriaceae. we report here a deeper analysis of this model using dna bar coding and 454 pyrosequencing to characterize 101,894 ... | 2009 | 19635824 |
| resistance against broad-spectrum beta-lactams among uropathogens in children. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence trends and risk factors for urinary tract infection (uti) caused by enterobacteriaceae resistant to broad-spectrum beta-lactams in children. all enterobacteriaceae uropathogens from children <15 years during the 11-year period 1997-2007 were included, and risk factors were evaluated. of 523 enterobacteriaceae isolated from 473 children, 30 (5.73%) were phenotypically resistant to broad-spectrum beta-lactams (18 escherichia coli, ten klebsie ... | 2009 | 19636594 |
| phenotypic characterization of human pathogenic bacteria in fish from the coastal waters of south west cameroon: public health implications. | increasing economic and recreational opportunities, attractive scenery and a perception of a better quality of life are luring people to the coast. unfortunately, these activities together with the commensurate increase in population in the area inevitably result in pollution of coastal waters with excessive microorganisms and other pollutants. microbial pollutants not only contaminate the coastal water but also aquatic food sources, thus posing a health risk to consumers. fish is a major source ... | 2009 | 19658320 |
| involvement of t helper type 17 and regulatory t cell activity in citrobacter rodentium invasion and inflammatory damage. | citrobacter rodentium is a murine pathogen that transiently colonizes the lumen of the large intestine. c. rodentium induces colitis, but the relative importance and temporal induction of the t helper type 17 (th17) and regulatory t cell (t(reg)) pathways in protection from the infection and inflammation have not been assessed. our aim was to investigate the key immunological signalling events associated with successful clearance of c. rodentium. mice were challenged with luminescent-tagged c. r ... | 2009 | 19659780 |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide ameliorates intestinal barrier disruption associated with citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens attach to the apical surface of epithelial cells and disrupt epithelial barrier function, increasing permeability and allowing luminal contents access to the underlying milieu. previous in vitro studies demonstrated that the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) regulates epithelial paracellular permeability, and the high concentrations and close proximity of vip-containing nerve fibers to intestinal epithelial cells would support such a func ... | 2009 | 19661153 |
| screening, purification, and identification of the enzyme producing n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester. | screening was carried out for microorganisms able to produce n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester [apm] from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. of the 422 strains examined, 44 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were found to produce apm. the enzyme catalyzing apm production was purified and identified as dipeptidase e. | 2009 | 19664550 |
| th17 cytokines and host-pathogen interactions at the mucosa: dichotomies of help and harm. | the mucosal surfaces are often the first site of interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and the host. activation of the mucosal immune response has the important function of containing an infection and preventing dissemination of pathogens to systemic sites (barrier function). numerous lines of evidence suggest that the barrier function is orchestrated by a subset of cytokines (interleukin (il-)17 and il-22), which belong to the th17 family. il-17 and il-22 induce expression of antimicrob ... | 2009 | 19665391 |
| [antimicrobial activity of tebipenem against various clinical isolates from various specimen, mainly urinary tract]. | tebipenem is the active metabolite of me1211, tebipenem pivoxil, a novel oral carbapenem that possesses potent activity against almost pathogens except for pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this study, we compared the susceptibility of tebipenem with current antibiotics against various organisms isolated from various specimen, mainly urinary tract. tebipenem had a potent activity against neisseria gonorrhoeae; its activity was comparable to it of cefixime that has most potent activity among oral antibi ... | 2009 | 19673353 |
| cxcr2-dependent mucosal neutrophil influx protects against colitis-associated diarrhea caused by an attaching/effacing lesion-forming bacterial pathogen. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is a major cause of diarrheal disease in young children, yet symptoms and duration are highly variable for unknown reasons. citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen that shares important functional features with epec, colonizes mice in colon and cecum and causes inflammation, but typically little or no diarrhea. we conducted genome-wide microarray studies to define mechanisms of host defense and disease in c. rodentium infection. a significant fract ... | 2009 | 19675161 |
| hidden qnrb12 gene in a finnish faecal microbiota isolate from 1994. | | 2009 | 19692413 |
| bacteria isolated from 25 hydatid cysts in sheep, cattle and goats. | bacteria were isolated from 12 of 25 hydatid cysts collected from the lungs and livers of cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered in the province of messina, sicily, italy. citrobacter freundii was isolated from seven of the cysts, aeromonas hydrophila from three, staphylococcus species from two, salmonella species from two and escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris from one. | 2009 | 19700784 |
| comparative study of anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l.) fruits. | simultaneous comparison of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l) fruits for their anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity is reported. the aim of this study was to investigate and to compare anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry and blueberry fruits and their skins. the investigations revealed that the highest amount of total anthocyanins was observed in fruits skins of blueberry cultivars. the resul ... | 2009 | 19702172 |
| an outer membrane protease of the omptin family prevents activation of the citrobacter rodentium phopq two-component system by antimicrobial peptides. | the phopq two-component system of the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica senses and controls resistance to alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides (amps) by regulating covalent modifications of lipid a. a homologue of the phopq operon was found in the genome of the murine enteric extracellular pathogen, citrobacter rodentium. here we report that c. rodentium phopq was apparently unable to mediate activation of target genes in the presence of alpha-helical amps. however, these amps activated ... | 2009 | 19708916 |
| [formation of biofilms by fecal strains of enterobacteria and yeast fungi from candida genus]. | to assess the ability of bacteria and candida genus' yeast fungi from human fecal microflora to form biofilms. | 2009 | 19715202 |
| citrobacter koseri meningitis: a neurosurgical condition? | a 2-month-old girl developed meningitis, ventriculitis and brain abscess in the course of citrobacter koseri infection. she was successfully treated with the combined use of antibiotics, intra-cavitary urokinase and surgery, thus avoiding the development of hydrocephalus and of ventricular loculation. c. koseri is a gram-negative pathogen with a strong predilection for the neonatal brain. brain abscesses develop in roughly 77% of cases, causing severe neurological sequels in one-half and death i ... | 2010 | 19717321 |
| genetic structure and distribution of the colibactin genomic island among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a genomic island encoding the biosynthesis and secretion pathway of putative hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide colibactin has been recently described in escherichia coli. colibactin acts as a cyclomodulin and blocks the eukaryotic cell cycle. the origin and prevalence of the colibactin island among enterobacteria are unknown. we therefore screened 1,565 isolates of different genera and species related to the enterobacteriaceae by pcr for the presence of this dna element. the island was dete ... | 2009 | 19720753 |
| neonatal enteral feeding tubes as loci for colonisation by members of the enterobacteriaceae. | the objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal nasogastric enteral feeding tubes are colonised by the opportunistic pathogen cronobacter spp. (enterobacter sakazakii) and other enterobacteriaceae, and whether their presence was influenced by the feeding regime. | 2009 | 19723318 |
| overexpression, purification and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the controller protein c.csp231i from citrobacter sp. rfl231. | restriction-modification controller proteins play an essential role in regulating the temporal expression of restriction-modification genes. the controller protein c.csp231i represents a new class of controller proteins. the gene was sublconed to allow overexpression in escherichia coli. the protein was purified to homogeneity and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals diffracted to 2.0 a resolution and belonged to space group p2(1). an electrophoretic mobility ... | 2009 | 19724127 |
| steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam, administered by prolonged infusion, in hospitalised patients requiring antimicrobial therapy. thirteen patients received 4.5 g every 8 h (q8h), infused over 4 h, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental methods. monte carlo simulations (10,000 patients) were performed to calculate the cumulative fraction of response (cfr) for seven gram-negativ ... | 2009 | 19726163 |
| international survey of cronobacter sakazakii and other cronobacter spp. in follow up formulas and infant foods. | a coordinated survey for cronobacter and related organisms in powdered infant formula, follow up formula and infant foods was undertaken by 8 laboratories in 7 countries in recognition of and in response to the data needs identified in an fao/who call for data in order to develop global risk management guidance for these products. the products (domestic and imported) were purchased from the local market and were categorised according to their principle ingredients. a total of 290 products were a ... | 2009 | 19729216 |
| a new method for gene synthesis and its high-level expression. | an optimized citrobacter braakii phytase gene, appa-c, was chemically synthesized by oligonucleotides synthesis and over-lap pcr method. the appa-c gene encoding 423 amino acids was cloned into expression vector ppic9 and transformed into methylotropic yeast pichia pastoris. from about 2000 transformants, 400 transformants exhibiting phytase activity were obtained. one transformant showing the strongest phytase activity was selected for detailed analyses in 5 l bioreactor. under control of the h ... | 2009 | 19733600 |
| isolation of faecal coliform bacteria from the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis). | to determine whether american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) are an unrecognized poikilothermic source of faecal coliform and/or potential pathogenic bacteria in south carolina's coastal waters. | 2010 | 19735329 |
| extended spectrum ampc and metallo-beta-lactamases in serratia and citrobacter spp. in a disc approximation assay. | this study aimed to develop a novel model for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), ampc and metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl) producing serratia and citrobacter species using cefoperazone sulbactam as well as other inducer-substrate combinations in a disc approximation assay. in the absence of molecular tools in developing countries, we attempted to standardize simple phenotypic techniques for detection of beta-lactamases to allow effective patient care in our countries. these techni ... | 2009 | 19759472 |
| extended spectrum ampc and metallo-beta-lactamases in serratia and citrobacter spp. in a disc approximation assay. | this study aimed to develop a novel model for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), ampc and metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl) producing serratia and citrobacter species using cefoperazone sulbactam as well as other inducer-substrate combinations in a disc approximation assay. in the absence of molecular tools in developing countries, we attempted to standardize simple phenotypic techniques for detection of beta-lactamases to allow effective patient care in our countries. these techni ... | 2009 | 19759492 |
| enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from nest run cart shelves in commercial shell egg processing facilities. | enterobacteriaceae, including salmonella, may be recovered from foods and processing facilities. high levels of enterobacteriaceae in the processing plant environment can be an indication of inadequate sanitation. this experiment was designed to determine if nest run egg carts serve as reservoirs for enterobacteriaceae. eggs that are produced by hens not housed in buildings connected to the processing plant are referred to as nest run. many of these eggs are transported to the plant on carts to ... | 2009 | 19762864 |
| prognostic serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in paediatric patients with sepsis. | to study the association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in paediatric patients with different etiological agents and levels of sepsis. | 2009 | 19762956 |
| nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms on a spinal cord rehabilitation ward. | to study the mechanism of nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms (hrmos). | 2009 | 19777864 |
| molecular analysis of intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to evaluate different molecular tools based on the 16s rrna gene, internal transcribed spacer, and the rpob gene to examine the bacterial populations present in juvenile rainbow trout intestines. dna was extracted from both pooled intestinal samples and bacterial strains. genes were pcr-amplified and analysed using both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. because of the high cultivability of the ... | 2010 | 19780831 |
| intestinal microbial ecology in premature infants assessed with non-culture-based techniques. | to use high throughput techniques to analyze intestinal microbial ecology in premature neonates, who are highly susceptible to perturbations of the luminal environment associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) and late-onset sepsis. | 2010 | 19783002 |
| comparison of beta-lactamase genes in clinical and food bacterial isolates in india. | the present study aimed to determine the occurrence of human disease-causing enteric bacteria on raw vegetables, fruits, meats, and milk products sold in indian markets. the study further aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance rates and the presence of blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc. | 2009 | 19801801 |
| the susceptibility of nosocomial pathogens to ceftazidime. | the activities in vitro of ceftazidime and of cefuroxime have been compared against 201 strains of bacteria which had been isolated either from outbreaks of nosocomial infection or were typical of strains causing such outbreaks. ceftazidime was found to be about 1000 times more active against pseudomonas spp. and proteus vulgaris, and between 10 and 100 times more active against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, proteus rettgeri, proteus morgani ... | 1981 | 19802966 |
| the in-vitro activity of ceftazidime compared with that of other cephalosporins. | the in-vitro activity of ceftazidime was compared with the activities of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefsulodin, cefuroxime, cephalothin and cefatriaxon against 331 clinical bacterial isolates. against escherichia coli, salmonella, enterobacter, proteus mirabilis and indole-positive proteus ceftazidime, with mic90 of < or = 0.25 mg/l, was more active than cephalothin, cefoperazone and cefuroxime but less active than cefotaxime and ceftriaxone klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia, acinetobacter and citr ... | 1981 | 19802968 |
| in-vitro comparison of ceftazidime and nine other antimicrobial agents against hospital strains of gram-negative bacteria. | the agar dilution in-vitro susceptibility of 370 isolates of aerobic gram-negative bacteria isolated at ben taub general hospital in houston, texas were determined for five new and five currently available agents. ceftazidime, moxalactam, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime and cefoperazone, all of which are new beta-lactam compounds, were compared with two penicillins, piperacillin, ticarcillin, and three aminoglycosides, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. ceftazidime inhibited 100% of pseudomonas strain ... | 1981 | 19802969 |
| ceftazidime, a pseudomonas-active cephalosporin: in-vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation including recommendations for disc diffusion susceptibility tests. | the in-vitro qualities of ceftazidime, as compared to other beta-lactams and three other antimicrobials (amikacin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol), were evaluated in a multilaboratory, multiphasic study in the united states. a total of 12,986 recent clinical isolates were tested by reference dilution methods in six medical centres over 45-60 days. ceftazidime was superior to the comparison cephalosporin (cefamandole) and comparable in spectrum and activity to gentamicin against enterobacteriacea ... | 1981 | 19802985 |
| comparative pharmacodynamics of intermittent and prolonged infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam using monte carlo simulations and steady-state pharmacokinetic data from hospitalized patients. | prolonging the infusion of a beta-lactam antibiotic enhances the time in which unbound drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (ft>mic). | 2009 | 19809009 |
| in-vitro studies with ceftazidime against aerobic gram-negative bacilli and bacteroides fragilis group. | the in-vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli has been assessed for ceftazidime and compared to amikacin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, moxalactam, ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime. using the ics-who agar dilution method, we found that ceftazidime was the most active beta-lactam agent tested against 147 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a mode mic=2 mg/l and all but 2% of isolates inhibited at 32 mg/l. 100% of indole-positive and nega ... | 1981 | 19810170 |
| in-vitro activity of ceftazidime, a beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin. | the in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime were evaluated against 700 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ceftazidime was less active than penicillins or older cephalosporins against staphylococcus spp. and streptococcus spp., and it did not inhibit streptococcusfaecalis. however, ceftazidime was as active as moxalactam and cefoperazone against escherichia coli, klebsiella and proteus mirabilis with mics less than 0.2 mg/l. ceftazidime also inhibited enterobacter, ci ... | 1981 | 19810175 |