| comparison of five repetitive-sequence-based pcr typing methods for molecular discrimination of salmonella enterica isolates. | five repetitive-element pcr (rep-pcr) techniques [primer sets eric1r-eric2 and rep1r-rep2i and primers eric2, boxa1r, and (gtg)5] were evaluated for the discrimination of salmonella enterica isolates at the serotype level. on the basis of number, even distribution over the whole fingerprint, and clarity of bands in the fingerprints, the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) primer set and the (gtg)5 primer were chosen for use in the following experiments. for these two primer se ... | 2005 | 16081887 |
| dna sequence-based subtyping and evolutionary analysis of selected salmonella enterica serotypes. | while serotyping and phage typing have been used widely to characterize salmonella isolates, sensitive subtyping methods that allow for evolutionary analyses are essential for examining salmonella transmission, ecology, and evolution. a set of 25 salmonella enterica isolates, representing five clinically relevant serotypes (serotypes agona, heidelberg, schwarzengrund, typhimurium, and typhimurium var. copenhagen) was initially used to develop a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for salmon ... | 2005 | 16081897 |
| pilot study to evaluate microarray hybridization as a tool for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain differentiation. | in developed countries, salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovars enteritidis and typhimurium range among the most common causes of bacterial food-borne infections. the surveillance and typing of epidemic salmonella strains are important tools in epidemiology. usually, salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovars are differentiated by serotyping for diagnostic purposes. further differentiation is done by phage typing as well as molecular typing techniques. here we have designed and evaluated a prot ... | 2005 | 16081956 |
| dissemination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen clonal types through a contract heifer-raising operation. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen isolates from a heifer-raising operation and from 11 dairy herds that had their calves contracted to the heifer-raising operation were examined for their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. results of the study showed that the heifer-raising operation could serve as a clearinghouse for salmonella serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen and perhaps other salmonella serotypes. | 2005 | 16081980 |
| correlation of phenotype with the genotype of egg-contaminating salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | the genotype of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was correlated with the phenotype using dna-dna microarray hybridization, ribotyping, and phenotype microarray analysis to compare three strains that differed in colony morphology and phage type. no dna hybridization differences were found between two phage type 13a (pt13a) strains that varied in biofilm formation; however, the ribotype patterns were different. both pt13a strains had dna sequences similar to that of bacteriophage fels2, whe ... | 2005 | 16085829 |
| nmr assays for carbohydrate-based vaccines. | antibodies against the cell surface carbohydrates of many microbial pathogens protect against infection. this was initially exploited by the development of purified polysaccharide vaccines, but glycoconjugate vaccines, in which the cell surface carbohydrate of a microbial pathogen is covalently attached to an appropriate carrier protein, are proving the most effective means to generate this protective immunity. carbohydrate-based vaccines against haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningit ... | 2005 | 16087046 |
| insights into the genome of the enteric bacterium escherichia blattae: cobalamin (b12) biosynthesis, b12-dependent reactions, and inactivation of the gene region encoding b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase by a new mu-like prophage. | the enteric bacterium escherichia blattae has been analyzed for the presence of cobalamin (b12) biosynthesis and b12-dependent pathways. biochemical studies revealed that e. blattae synthesizes b12 de novo aerobically and anaerobically. genes exhibiting high similarity to all genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, which are involved in the oxygen-independent route of b12 biosynthesis, were present in the genome of e. blattae dsm 4481. the dha regulon encodes the key enzymes for the an ... | 2004 | 16088217 |
| [nation-wide outbreak of salmonella give in germany, 2004]. | in spring and summer 2004, a multistate outbreak of infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar give (s. give), a relatively rare serovar in germany, was detected. in order to identify a common exposure and to describe the characteristics of infections caused by s. give, an outbreak investigation was performed. | 2005 | 16088767 |
| case report: salmonella infection following total hip arthroplasty. | a case of a total hip arthroplasty infection with staphylococcus aureus, co-infected with salmonella choleraesuis was treated with two-stage exchange and administration of vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. no signs of re-infection have appeared fourteen months after surgery. cases of salmonella infection of hip prostheses are quite rare, with only a handful of reports in the literature. | 2005 | 16089070 |
| cellular immune response induced by salmonella enterica serotype typhi iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins at peripheral and mucosal levels. | the role of purified iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins (iromps) from salmonella enterica serotype typhi in modulation of specific t-cell responses was studied. the cellular immune response induced by iromps was measured by assessing the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response, lymphocyte proliferation, t-cell phenotyping and cytokine-producing cells using lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and peyer's patches of iromps-immunized, immunized-challenged, infected and control mice. iromp ... | 2005 | 16091431 |
| longitudinal monitoring of two commercial layer flocks and their environments for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other salmonellae. | between august 20, 2001, and september 17, 2002, 1429 samples including drag swabs, egg belt or egg rollout swabs, fan-blade swabs, rodent organ and intestinal pools, beetle (alphitobius diaperinus) pools, housefly (musca domestica) pools, chicken organ and intestinal pools, and egg pools were obtained for salmonella culture from two flocks from two different commercial layer ranches. the two ranches were purposefully selected for the study based on their previous status of salmonella enteritidi ... | 2005 | 16094821 |
| conservation of the n-terminus of some phage tail proteins. | to study the interaction between lipopolysaccharide and protein, a comparative approach was employed using seven salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium typing phages as the protein model systems. this interaction has been studied in detail in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage p22 system and involves only the viral tailspike protein. similarity between these phages and phage p22 was monitored in this report by assaying restriction endonuclease digestions, capsid size, reactivity ... | 2005 | 16096708 |
| delivery of heterologous protein antigens via hemolysin or autotransporter systems by an attenuated ler mutant of rabbit enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | in this report, we describe the use of an attenuated regulatory mutant of a rabbit enteropathogenic escherichia coli (repec) as a live vaccine vector to deliver heterologous protein antigens using two dedicated transport systems, a salmonella autotransporter and the e. coli hemolysin apparatus. we previously reported that an isogeneic ler (lee encoded regulator) mutant of repec o103:h2 is attenuated and immunogenic in rabbits. we first evaluated the salmonella autotransporter misl containing the ... | 2006 | 16098637 |
| bacterial genome size reduction by experimental evolution. | bacterial evolution toward endosymbiosis with eukaryotic cells is associated with extensive bacterial genome reduction and loss of metabolic and regulatory capabilities. here we examined the rate and process of genome reduction in the bacterium salmonella enterica by a serial passage experimental evolution procedure. the initial rate of dna loss was estimated to be 0.05 bp per chromosome per generation for a wt bacterium and approximately 50-fold higher for a muts mutant defective in methyl-dire ... | 2005 | 16099836 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium in four animal facilities. | in 1999 and 2000, 3 state health departments reported 4 outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness due to salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in employees, clients, and client animals from 3 companion animal veterinary clinics and 1 animal shelter. more than 45 persons and companion animals became ill. four independent investigations resulted in the testing of 19 human samples and >200 animal samples; 18 persons and 36 animals were culture-positive for s. typhimurium. one outbreak was due to mul ... | 2005 | 16102313 |
| hospital-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in egypt: a focus on community-acquired bloodstream infections. | acute febrile illness (afi) is a common syndrome in egypt. however its etiologies are not well characterized. to determine the relative frequency of pathogen etiologies and possibly improve diagnostic, clinical management and public health measures, we implemented laboratory-based surveillance in a network of infectious disease hospitals throughout egypt. admitted patients with afi provided background details and a blood sample for bacterial culture and serologic analysis. case definitions were ... | 2005 | 16103611 |
| solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. | the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (eos) of cinnamon (cinnamon zeylanicum), clove (syzygium aromaticum), basil (ocimum basillicum), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), dill (anethum graveolens), and ginger (zingiber officinalis) was evaluated over a range of concentrations in two types of contact tests (solid and vapor diffusion). the eos were tested against an array of four gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes ... | 2005 | 16104824 |
| [diagnosis of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever by serological and genetical methods]. | | 2005 | 16111223 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fimbrial proteins serve as antigens during infection of mice. | the salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium genome contains 13 operons with homology to fimbrial gene sequences. here we investigated the role of 11 serotype typhimurium fimbrial proteins, including fima, agfa (csga), bcfa, stba, stha, lpfa, pefa, stda, stca, stia, and stfa, as antigens during the infection of genetically resistant mice (cba). upon the growth of serotype typhimurium in standard laboratory broth culture, only the expression of fima could be detected by western blot analysis. the ... | 2005 | 16113248 |
| microarray-based detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium transposon mutants that cannot survive in macrophages and mice. | dna microarrays provide an opportunity to combine the principles of signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) with microarray technology to identify potentially important bacterial virulence genes. the scope of dna microarrays allows for less laborious screening on a much larger scale than possible by stm alone. we have adapted a microarray-based transposon tracking strategy for use with a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cdna microarray in order to identify genes important for survival and repl ... | 2005 | 16113260 |
| rate of inversion of the salmonella enterica shufflon regulates expression of invertible dna. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi and some strains (vi(+)) of serovar dublin use type ivb pili to facilitate bacterial self-association, but only when the pilv proteins (potential minor pilus proteins) are not synthesized. pilus-mediated self-association may be important in the pathogenesis of enteric fever. we have suggested that the rate of rci-catalyzed inversion of dna encoding the c-terminal portions of the pilv proteins controls pilv protein synthesis. this potentially represents a novel m ... | 2005 | 16113273 |
| salmonella pathogenicity island 2-dependent expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in macrophages. | salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2), which is located at centisome 30.7 on the chromosome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, is required for growth within macrophages and systemic infection in mice. we recently reported that the infection of macrophages with salmonella induces the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in a manner dependent on spi-2. in the present study, gene expression analysis using a cdna array further showed the involvement of spi-2 in the expression of suppressor of ... | 2005 | 16113275 |
| characterization of fimh adhesins expressed by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum: reconstitution of mannose-binding properties by single amino acid substitution. | recombinant fimh adhesins of type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum, in contrast to those of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, did not bind to high-mannose oligosaccharides or to human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. however, mutated fimh proteins from biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum, in which the isoleucine at position 78 was replaced by the threonine found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, bound well to glycoproteins carrying hig ... | 2005 | 16113346 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum from salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum by pcr-rflp of the fimh gene. | in our studies on fimh adhesins expressed by different salmonella serovars, we cloned and sequenced the fimh genes from salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar gallinarum and s. enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar pullorum. comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 544 bp from the a of the start codon of the fimh open reading frame (orf). further analysis of the restriction enzyme sites in fimh ge ... | 2005 | 16115094 |
| salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis infection of the porcine jejunal peyer's patch rapidly induces il-1beta and il-8 expression. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is an enteric pathogen of swine, producing septicemia, enterocolitis, pneumonia, and hepatitis. the initial molecular events at the site of salmonella infection are hypothesized to be critical in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses; however, the acute immune response elicited by porcine intestinal tissues is not well understood. to address this need, we employed explants of jejunal peyer's patch (jpp) mucosa from pigs to examine salmone ... | 2006 | 16115691 |
| efficacy of directed misting application of a peroxygen disinfectant for environmental decontamination of a veterinary hospital. | to evaluate effectiveness of 4% peroxymonosulfate disinfectant applied as a mist to surfaces in a large animal hospital as measured by recovery of staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2005 | 16117069 |
| molecular characterisation and mechanisms of resistance of multidrug-resistant human salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in amiens (france). | antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates obtained during the study period were examined. the molecular epidemiology and the mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were investigated. resistance to ampicillin increased from 59% between 1996 and 1999 to 62.5% in 2000 and to 66.6% in 2001. of 51 s. typhimurium isolates studied, 100% were resistant to ampicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)>256 mg/l) and sulphon ... | 2005 | 16122913 |
| insertion-duplication mutagenesis of salmonella enterica and related species using a novel thermosensitive vector. | we constructed a novel temperature-sensitive vector as a tool for gene disruption by insertion-duplication mutagenesis (idm) in salmonella enterica and related species. a phon insertion mutant was proven highly stable during growth in lb medium and during infection of macrophage cells in the absence of selection pressure. by progressive shortening of a phon fragment, the minimal length for effective insertional mutagenesis driven by homologous recombination was determined to be 50 bp, allowing t ... | 2006 | 16125236 |
| enhancement of humoral and cellular immune responses by an oral salmonella choleraesuis vaccine expressing porcine prothymosin alpha. | previously, we showed that murine prothymosin alpha (prot) enhances the efficacy of a pseudorabies dna vaccine delivered by bacterial vectors. in this study, we cloned and sequenced the cdna for porcine prot. the deduced amino acid sequence of porcine prot exhibited high homology to prot from other mammals. oral salmonella choleraesuis vaccine carrying the prot eukaryotic expression plasmid protected mice against virulent s. choleraesuis challenge. the adjuvant effect of prot on humoral and cell ... | 2005 | 16125286 |
| the long polar fimbriae genes identified in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli are present in other diarrheagenic e. coli and in the standard e. coli collection of reference (ecor) strains. | long polar fimbriae (lpf) are related to type i fimbriae in genetic organization and were first identified in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. four lpfa genetic variants designated lpfa(o157/oi-141), lpfa(o157/oi-154), lpfa(o26) and lpfa(o113) have been identified in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). in this study, pcr was employed to determine the distribution of stec-lpfas in enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive e. coli (epec, eaec, etec ... | 2006 | 16125910 |
| correlation between ceftriaxone resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and expression of outer membrane proteins ompw and ail/ompx-like protein, which are regulated by baer of a two-component system. | mutant 7f2 of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has a transposon inserted in the regulator gene baer of a two-component system and showed a more-than-fourfold reduction in resistance to ceftriaxone. complementation analysis suggested an association among the outer membrane proteins ompw and stm3031, ceftriaxone resistance, and baer. | 2005 | 16127081 |
| salmonella enterica spvb-mediated adp-ribosylation as an activator for host cell actin degradation. | the virulence-associated spvb protein of salmonella enterica is a mono (adp-ribosyl)transferase defined to target mammalian actin. exposure of acanthamoeba rhysodes cell lysate with spvb and [32p]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) was here observed to result in labeling of a protein of 43 kda that subsequently was identified as actin by immunoprecipitation. in parallel, adp-ribosylation promoted degradation of the protozoan actin. spvb-mediated actin degradation occurred in the presence of ... | 2005 | 16128395 |
| repression of spi2 transcription by nitric oxide-producing, ifngamma-activated macrophages promotes maturation of salmonella phagosomes. | by remodeling the phagosomal membrane, the type iii secretion system encoded within the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi2) helps salmonella thrive within professional phagocytes. we report here that nitric oxide (no) generated by ifngamma-activated macrophages abrogates the intracellular survival advantage associated with a functional spi2 type iii secretion system. no congeners inhibit overall expression of spi2 effectors encoded both inside and outside the spi2 gene cluster, reflecting a ... | 2005 | 16129704 |
| [the occurrence and characterisation of oxy-imino-beta-lactams resistant strains among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated in poland]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes manifesting considerable hydrolyzing activity on a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam. in the study reported here we investigated the types of esbl produced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical samples in the microbiological laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological units in poland from 1999 to 2004. among 239 ampicillin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. en ... | 2005 | 16134384 |
| regulation of traj transcription in the salmonella virulence plasmid by strand-specific dna adenine hemimethylation. | the traj gene of the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (pslt) encodes a transcriptional activator of the transfer operon. the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) is an activator of traj transcription. the upstream-activating-sequence of the pslt traj promoter contains two lrp binding sites (lrp-1 and lrp-2), both necessary for transcriptional activation. the promoter-proximal site (lrp-2) contains a gatc site (gatc-ii) whose methylation state affects lrp bindin ... | 2005 | 16135235 |
| differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for differential detection of turkey coronavirus (tcov), infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv), and bovine coronavirus (bcov). primers were designed from conserved or variable regions of nucleocapsid (n) or spike (s) protein gene among tcov, ibv, and bcov and used in the same pcr reaction. reverse transcription followed by the pcr reaction was used to amplify a portion of n or s gene of the cor ... | 2006 | 16137773 |
| a family of arabinose-inducible escherichia coli expression vectors having pbr322 copy control. | the pbad series of expression vectors have been widely used in escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, and related bacteria. however, a complication with pbad24, the most popular of these plasmids, is that it does not contain the complete functional replication origin of pbr322 as was depicted in the original paper. instead, pbad24 has a pbr322-derived origin that lacks the rop gene that negatively regulates copy number and thus pbad24 has an appreciably higher copy number than that of pbr322, pa ... | 2006 | 16139359 |
| evaluation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (ty2 aroc-ssav-) m01zh09, with a defined mutation in the salmonella pathogenicity island 2, as a live, oral typhoid vaccine in human volunteers. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains with mutations in the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi-2) may represent an effective strategy for human vaccine development, and a vectoring system for heterologous antigens. s. typhi (ty2 aroc-ssav-) m01zh09 is an attenuated, live, oral typhoid vaccine harboring defined deletion mutations in ssav, which encodes an integral component in the spi-2 type iii secretion system (ttss), as well as a mutation in an aromatic biosynthetic pathway needed for ... | 2006 | 16140433 |
| detection of mutations in salmonella enterica gyra, gyrb, parc and pare genes by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) using standard hplc instrumentation. | quinolone antibiotics are the agents of choice for treating systemic salmonella infections. resistance to quinolones is usually mediated by mutations in the dna gyrase gene gyra. here we report the evaluation of standard hplc equipment for the detection of mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms; snps) in gyra, gyrb, parc and pare by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dhplc). | 2005 | 16141278 |
| in vitro activities of 11 fluoroquinolones against 816 non-typhoidal strains of salmonella enterica isolated from finnish patients with special reference to reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility. | the number of salmonella strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has increased during recent years in many countries, threatening the value of this antimicrobial group in the treatment of severe salmonella infections. | 2005 | 16143044 |
| detection of vi-negative salmonella enterica serovar typhi in the peripheral blood of patients with typhoid fever in the faisalabad region of pakistan. | the synthesis and transportation proteins of the vi capsular polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (serovar typhi) are encoded by the viab operon, which resides on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as spi-7. in recent years, vi-negative strains of serovar typhi have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic. however, because vi negativity can arise during in vitro passage, the clinical significance of vi-negative serovar typhi is not clear. to investigate the loss o ... | 2005 | 16145086 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi o:1,9,12 polysaccharide-protein conjugate as a diagnostic tool for typhoid fever. | serologic tests play an important role in diagnosis of typhoid fever. in an effort to develop a more defined reagent for these tests, purified salmonella enterica serovar typhi (st) o:1,9,12 polysaccharide was conjugated to human serum albumin (hsa), and the conjugate was purified chromatographically to yield a reagent with 2 moles st o polysaccharide per mole hsa. in 40 patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever, significant dot immunobinding titers (> or =20,000) were present in 2 ... | 2005 | 16145105 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |
| comparison of the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant and antibody-secreting cell assays for measuring intestinal mucosal immune response to a novel oral typhoid vaccine (m01zh09). | antibody-secreting cell (asc) and antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant (als) assays are used to assess intestinal mucosal responses to enteric infections and vaccines. the als assay, performed on cell supernatants, may represent a convenient alternative to the more established asc assay. the two methods, measuring immunoglobulin a to salmonella enterica serovar typhi lipopolysaccharide, were compared in volunteers vaccinated with a live-attenuated typhoid vaccine m01zh09. the specificity of the ... | 2005 | 16148184 |
| identification of novel salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104-specific prophage and nonprophage chromosomal sequences among serovar typhimurium isolates by genomic subtractive hybridization. | genomic subtractive hybridization was performed between salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 and dt104 to search for novel salmonella serovar typhimurium dt104-specific sequences. the subtraction resulted mainly in the isolation of dna fragments with sequence similarity to phages. two fragments identified were associated with possible virulence factors. one fragment was identical to irsa of salmonella serovar typhimurium atcc 14028, which is suggested to be involved in macrophage survival ... | 2005 | 16151076 |
| impact of phages on two-species bacterial communities. | a long history of experimental work has shown that addition of bacteriophages to a monoculture of bacteria leads to only a temporary depression of bacterial levels. resistant bacteria usually become abundant, despite reduced growth rates relative to those of phage-sensitive bacteria. this restoration of high bacterial density occurs even if the phages evolve to overcome bacterial resistance. we believe that the generality of this result may be limited to monocultures, in which the resistant bact ... | 2005 | 16151111 |
| the artab genes encode a putative adp-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue associated with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | many bacterial pathogens encode adp-ribosyltransferase toxins. the authors identified an adp-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue (arta, artb) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) dt104. arta is most homologous to a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit present in salmonella typhi (sty1890) and salmonella paratyphi a (spa1609), while artb shows homology to a hypothetical periplasmic protein of s. typhi (sty1364) and s. paratyphi a (spa1188), and a putative pertussis-like tox ... | 2005 | 16151219 |
| characterization of salmonella isolates from captive lizards. | reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans is an increasing public health issue. this study aimed at characterizing salmonella isolates from captive lizards and to compare them to human isolates. salmonella was isolated from 25 of 33 cloacal and 47 of 79 faecal samples from captive lizards (75.8 and 59.5%, respectively). the strains belonged to 44 serotypes of subspecies i (27 serotypes), ii (9), iiib (3) and iv (5). two strains, one of serotype enteritidis and one of serotype amsterdam, were re ... | 2005 | 16153787 |
| catecholate receptor proteins in salmonella enterica: role in virulence and implications for vaccine development. | three outer membrane proteins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium function as catecholate siderophore receptors. iron promotes uptake of enterobactin, salmochelins and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, fepa transports enterobactin and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine, and cir is a receptor for 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine. in addition, all three proteins are required for l-norepinephrine-facilitated iron uptake from transferrin as judged by failure of a fepa iron cir triple mutant to grow in serum-cont ... | 2006 | 16154248 |
| effects of antibiotic use in sows on resistance of e. coli and salmonella enterica typhimurium in their offspring. | to determine effects of exposure of parental animals to antibiotics on antibiotic resistance in bacteria of offspring, sows were either treated or not treated with oxytetracycline prior to farrowing and their pigs were challenged with salmonella enterica typhimurium and treated or not treated with oxytetracycline and apramycin. fecal escherichia coli were obtained from sows, and e. coli and salmonella were recovered from pigs. antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were determined using a mi ... | 2005 | 16156702 |
| high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi in india. | | 2005 | 16157558 |
| rapid differentiation among bacteria that cause gastroenteritis by use of low-resolution raman spectroscopy and pls discriminant analysis. | use of classical microbiological methods to differentiate bacteria that cause gastroenteritis is cumbersome but usually very efficient. the high cost of reagents and the time required for such identifications, approximately four days, could have serious consequences, however, mainly when the patients are children, the elderly, or adults with low resistance. the search for new methods enabling rapid and reagentless differentiation of these microorganisms is, therefore, extremely relevant. in this ... | 2005 | 16158301 |
| drug-lipid a interactions on the escherichia coli abc transporter msba. | msba is an essential atp-binding cassette half-transporter in the cytoplasmic membrane of the gram-negative escherichia coli and is required for the export of lipopolysaccharides (lps) to the outer membrane, most likely by transporting the lipid a core moiety. consistent with the homology of msba to the multidrug transporter lmra in the gram-positive lactococcus lactis, our recent work in e. coli suggested that msba might interact with multiple drugs. to enable a more detailed analysis of multid ... | 2005 | 16159769 |
| differences in gene content between salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates and comparison to closely related serovars gallinarum and dublin. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is often transmitted into the human food supply through eggs of hens that appear healthy. this pathogen became far more prevalent in poultry following eradication of the fowl pathogen s. enterica serovar gallinarum in the mid-20th century. to investigate whether changes in serovar enteritidis gene content contributed to this increased prevalence, and to evaluate genetic heterogeneity within the serovar, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on ei ... | 2005 | 16159788 |
| yersinia pestis is viable with endotoxin composed of only lipid a. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the major outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. the minimal lps structure for viability of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is lipid a glycosylated with 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) residues. here we show that another member of the enterobacteriaceae, yersinia pestis, can survive without kdo in its lps. | 2005 | 16159798 |
| analysis of differentially-regulated genes within a regulatory network by gps genome navigation. | a critical challenge of the post-genomic era is to understand how genes are differentially regulated even when they belong to a given network. because the fundamental mechanism controlling gene expression operates at the level of transcription initiation, computational techniques have been developed that identify cis regulatory features and map such features into expression patterns to classify genes into distinct networks. however, these methods are not focused on distinguishing between differe ... | 2005 | 16159917 |
| acid resistance variability among isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | acid resistance could be an indicator of virulence since acid resistant strains are able to better survive the human stomach passage and in macrophages. we studied the acid resistance of several salmonella typhimurium dt104 strains isolated from food and humans and identified cellular parameters contributing to the enhanced acid resistance of these isolates. | 2005 | 16162237 |
| epidemiological analysis of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars hadar, brancaster and enteritidis from humans and broiler chickens in senegal using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiotic susceptibility. | salmonella hadar, salmonella brancaster and salmonella enteritidis are the main salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars isolated from poultry in senegal. our objective was to analyse the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antibioresistance patterns of strains belonging to these serovars and to assess the significance of broiler-chicken meat as a source of human infection. | 2005 | 16162250 |
| qualitatively distinct patterns of cytokines are released by human dendritic cells in response to different pathogens. | dendritic cells produce cytokines that regulate the class of the adaptive immune response. microbial recognition is mediated, at least in part, by pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, which influence dendritic cell maturation. in humans it is not yet clear how intact pathogens modulate the developing immune response. to address the effects of intact pathogens on the maturation and effector functions of human dendritic cells, we investigated their responses to a number of mi ... | 2005 | 16162273 |
| prevalence of salmonella enterica in bulk tank milk from us dairies as determined by polymerase chain reaction. | samples of bulk tank milk from dairies across the united states, taken as part of the national animal health monitoring system dairy 2002 survey, were analyzed for the presence of salmonella enterica using a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) kit. samples from 854 farms in 21 states were collected and enriched in tetrathionate broth to amplify any salmonellae present, and dna was isolated from the resulting biomass. one hundred one samples (11.8%) were shown to cont ... | 2005 | 16162520 |
| fecal prevalence and diversity of salmonella species in lactating dairy cattle in four states. | salmonella is one of the most serious foodborne pathogenic bacteria in the united states, causing an estimated 1.3 million human illnesses each year. dairy cows can be reservoirs of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including salmonella spp.; it is estimated that from 27 to 31% of dairy herds across the united states are colonized by salmonella. the present study was designed to examine the occurrence of salmonella spp. on dairies and to examine the serotypic diversity of salmonella isolates on sam ... | 2005 | 16162534 |
| detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii by 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction. | a new 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii was developed with primers and the probe oriented to a specific region of the cfa gene encoding a cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. the qualitative variant of the method consisted of a conventional pcr with end-point fluorimetry or agarose gel electrophoresis, and the quantitative variant used kinetic real-time pcr measurement. the pcr system was specific for c. fr ... | 2005 | 16163457 |
| csga is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium that is recognized by toll-like receptor 2. | knowledge about the origin and identity of the microbial products recognized by the innate immune system is important for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. we investigated the potential role of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fimbriae as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that may stimulate innate pathways of inflammation. we screened a panel of 11 mutants, each carrying a deletion of a different fimbrial operon, for their enteropathogenicity using the ... | 2005 | 16164566 |
| probing the complex system of metabolic integration. | | 2005 | 16164972 |
| appearance of salmonella enterica isolates producing plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase, cmy-2, in south korea. | of 176 salmonella isolates isolated from 2000 to 2003 in a korean university hospital, 2 cefoxitin-resistant isolates of salmonella enterica serovar rissen were found in 2002. both isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics, including ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. cell sonicates of the both clinical isolates and their transconjugants had beta-lactamase band of approximate isoelectric point of >8.6. the resistance to cefoxitin was tr ... | 2005 | 16165000 |
| phenotypic convergence mediated by ggdef-domain-containing proteins. | ggdef domain-containing proteins have been implicated in bacterial signal transduction and synthesis of the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-gmp. a number of ggdef proteins are involved in controlling the formation of extracellular matrices. adra (salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) and hmst (yersinia pestis) contain ggdef domains and are required for extracellular cellulose production and biofilm formation, respectively. here we show that hmst is able to restore cellulose synthesis to a ... | 2005 | 16166544 |
| mutation at the "exit gate" of the salmonella gyrase a subunit suppresses a defect in the gyrase b subunit. | in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an s431p substitution in the b subunit of gyrase (allele gyrb651) confers resistance to nalidixic acid and causes reduced dna superhelicity and hypersensitivity to novobiocin. selection for novobiocin resistance allowed isolation of a mutation in the gyra gene (allele gyra659), a t467s substitution, which partially suppresses the supercoiling defect of gyrb651. modeling analysis suggests that this mutation acts by destabilizing the gyra bottom dimer in ... | 2005 | 16166547 |
| molecular interactions between dendritic cells and salmonella: escape from adaptive immunity and implications on pathogenesis. | dendritic cells (dcs) constitute the link between innate and adaptive immunity by directly recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) on bacteria and by processing and presenting bacterial antigens to t cells. recognition of pamps renders dcs as professional antigen-presenting cells with the ability to prime naive t cells and to initiate the adaptive immune response against pathogen-derived antigens. for this reason, any interference with dc function might be advantageous for bac ... | 2005 | 16167888 |
| high-sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction-free detection of microorganisms and their functional genes using 70-mer oligonucleotide diagnostic microarray. | | 2005 | 16169510 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhi tsx gene, encoding a nucleoside-specific porin, is essential for prototrophic growth in the absence of nucleosides. | the salmonella enterica serovar typhi tsx gene encodes a porin that facilitates the import of nucleosides. when serovar typhi is grown under anaerobic conditions, tsx is among the outer membrane proteins whose expression increases dramatically. this increase in expression is due, at least in part, to increased transcription and is dependent on fnr but not on arca. a mutant derivative of serovar typhi strain sth2370 with a deletion of the tsx gene is an auxotroph that requires either adenosine or ... | 2005 | 16177292 |
| ssej deacylase activity by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium promotes virulence in mice. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded on salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (spi2) to promote intracellular replication during infection, but little is known about the molecular function of spi2-translocated effectors and how they contribute to this process. ssej is a spi2 ttss effector protein that is homologous to enzymes called glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferases and, following translocation, localizes to the salmonella-contain ... | 2005 | 16177296 |
| identification of new secreted effectors in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | a common theme in bacterial pathogenesis is the secretion of bacterial products that modify cellular functions to overcome host defenses. gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type iii secretion systems (ttsss) to inject effector proteins into host cells. the genes encoding the structural components of the type iii secretion apparatus are conserved among bacterial species and can be identified by sequence homology. in contrast, the sequences of secreted effector proteins are less conserved and a ... | 2005 | 16177297 |
| the chemokine ccl2 is required for control of murine gastric salmonella enterica infection. | salmonella enterica is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. the typhimurium serotype causes gastroenteritis in humans; however, infection of mice results in an enteric fever that resembles human typhoid fever and has been used as a model for typhoid fever. the present study examined the role of the chemokine ccl2 in the control of salmonella infection. upon infection with salmonellae, mucosal expression of ccl2 ... | 2005 | 16177325 |
| expression of the rickettsia prowazekii pld or tlyc gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediates phagosomal escape. | members of the genus rickettsia possess the ability to invade host cells and promptly escape from phagosomal vacuoles into the host cell cytosol, thereby avoiding destruction within the endosomal pathway. the mechanism underlying rickettsial phagosomal escape remains unknown, although the genomic sequences of several rickettsial species have allowed for the identification of four genes with potential membranolytic activities (tlya, tlyc, pat1, and pld). this study was undertaken to determine whi ... | 2005 | 16177343 |
| cellular mechanisms of the adjuvant activity of the flagellin component fljb of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to potentiate mucosal and systemic responses. | an expanding area of interest is the utilization of microbe-based components to augment mucosal and systemic immune responses to target antigens. thus, the aim of the present study was to assess if the flagellin component fljb from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium could act as a mucosal adjuvant and then to determine the cellular mechanism(s) by which fljb mediates its adjuvant properties. to determine if fljb could act as a mucosal adjuvant, mice were immunized by the intranasal (i.n.) r ... | 2005 | 16177354 |
| cloning vectors and fluorescent proteins can significantly inhibit salmonella enterica virulence in both epithelial cells and macrophages: implications for bacterial pathogenesis studies. | plasmid vectors and fluorescent protein reporter systems are commonly used in the study of bacterial pathogenesis. here we show that they can impair the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to productively infect either cultured mammalian cells or mice. this has significant implications for studies that rely on these systems. | 2005 | 16177386 |
| foodborne general outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection, england and wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks? | foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) infection (n=497), reported to the health protection agency communicable disease surveillance centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. foodborne general outbreaks of s. enteritidis pt4 infection were more likel ... | 2005 | 16181497 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar agona: characterization of a diffuse outbreak caused by aniseed-fennel-caraway infusion. | during 2002-2003 increased numbers of notified salmonellosis due to s. enterica serovar agona were observed in germany. in order to understand the recent spread of this serovar and to trace the route of infection to its source, a new phage-typing scheme and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) were used to analyse these isolates. by using 14 bacteriophages, 52 phage types were distinguished among the s. agona strains. pfge also differentiated 52 different patterns. a combination of both metho ... | 2005 | 16181503 |
| enhanced contrast of bacteriophage plaques in salmonella with ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) and tetrazolium red (tzr). | visualization of bacteriophage plaques may be enhanced by addition of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium red, tzr) to the soft agar layer of a traditional bacteriophage plaque assay. background color from these reagents improved contrast between clear plaques and turbid host lawns in trypticase soy agar (tsa) plates. enhancement by facst is based on reaction with hydrogen sulfide gas (h2s) produced by some strains of bacteri ... | 2006 | 16182396 |
| typhoid and paratyphoid fever in travellers. | enteric fever--a more inclusive term for typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever--is a systemic infection caused by salmonella enterica, including s enterica serotype typhi (s typhi) and serotype paratyphi (s paratyphi). in developed countries there have been two major changes in the pattern of the disease: a marked decline in its incidence and its characterisation as a predominantly travel-associated disease. the risk to travellers appears to vary by geographic region visited, with travel to the in ... | 2005 | 16183516 |
| aptamers that preferentially bind type ivb pili and inhibit human monocytic-cell invasion by salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is an important pathogen exclusively for humans and causes typhoid or enteric fever. it has been shown that type ivb pili, encoded by the s. enterica serovar typhi pil operon located in salmonella pathogenicity island 7, are important in the pathogenic process. in this study, by using both an adhesion-invasion assay and fluorescence quantitative pcr analysis, we demonstrated that the entry of type ivb piliated s. enterica serovar typhi a21-6 (pil(+) km(r)) into ... | 2005 | 16189080 |
| salmonella profile in chickens determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacteriology from years 2000 to 2003 in turkey. | from years 2000 to 2003, salmonella was investigated from a total of 1785 samples comprised of chicken intestinal samples, cloacal swabs, drag swabs, litter samples and chick dust samples collected from 191 poultry breeding flocks belonging to 15 different chicken breeding stock companies in the marmara region, turkey by a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (sgbrt-pcr), by a probe-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (psrt-pcr) and by standardized bacteriology as descri ... | 2005 | 16191689 |
| oral treatment with bacteriophages reduces the concentration of salmonella enteritidis pt4 in caecal contents of broilers. | bacteriophages isolated from free-range chickens were tested as a therapeutic agent for reducing the concentration of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (s. enteritidis pt4) in caeca of broilers. one-day-old broilers infected with s. enteritidis pt4 by a seeder bird method were orally treated on the seventh day of age with a mixture of 10(11) plaque-forming units of each of three bacteriophages. five days after treatment the bacteriophage-treated group showed a reduction of 3.5 ... | 2005 | 16191711 |
| resistance to fluoroquinolones linked to gyra and par c mutations and overexpression of acr ab efflux pump in salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis. | between 2000 and 2002, 60 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis were collected to investigate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance. pcr and sequencing were performed to identify mutations in gyra, gyrb, par c, the acr ab-tolc efflux pump regulator, acr r, and the global regulons mar rab and sox rs. all resistant strains showed mutations in the target genes leading to amino acid changes of ser 83 phe and asp 87 asn in gyra and ser 80 ile in par c. a mutation in gyr ... | 2005 | 16201927 |
| adaptation of multilocus sequencing for studying variation within a major clone: evolutionary relationships of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | serovar typhimurium of salmonella enterica is a model organism for studies of pathogenesis that exhibits phage-type variation and variation in host range and virulence, but in a recent study showed no sequence variation in four genes, indicating the clonal nature of this serovar. we determined the relationships of 46 typhimurium isolates of nine phage types using mutational changes detected either by matching aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fragments to computer-modeled lt2 aflp fr ... | 2006 | 16204219 |
| salmonella enterica virulence genes are required for bacterial attachment to plant tissue. | numerous salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. in order to understand the physiology of s. enterica serovar newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. sixty ... | 2005 | 16204476 |
| long-term survival of pathogenic and sanitation indicator bacteria in experimental biowaste composts. | for economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. one approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. however, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded listeria monocytoge ... | 2005 | 16204488 |
| ph-, lactic acid-, and non-lactic acid-dependent activities of probiotic lactobacilli against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the mechanism(s) underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacillus strains appears to be multifactorial and includes lowering of the ph and the production of lactic acid and of antibacterial compounds, including bacteriocins and nonbacteriocin, non-lactic acid molecules. addition of dulbecco's modified eagle's minimum essential medium to the incubating medium delays the killing activity of lactic acid. we found that the probiotic strains lactobacillus johnsonii la1, lactobacillus ... | 2005 | 16204515 |
| a lactobacillus acidophilus strain of human gastrointestinal microbiota origin elicits killing of enterovirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by triggering lethal bacterial membrane damage. | the human gastrointestinal microbiota produces antagonistic activities against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. we undertook a study to investigate the mechanism(s) by which a lactobacillus acidophilus strain of human microbiota origin antagonizes the gram-negative enteroinvasive pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we showed that the cell-free culture supernatant of l. acidophilus strain lb (lb-cfcs) induced the following effects in s. enterica sl1344: (i) a decrease in intrac ... | 2005 | 16204528 |
| effects of cattle feeding regimen and soil management type on the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in manure, manure-amended soil, and lettuce. | survival of the green fluorescent protein-transformed human pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was studied in a laboratory-simulated lettuce production chain. dairy cows were fed three different roughage types: high-digestible grass silage plus maize silage (6:4), low-digestible grass silage, and straw. each was adjusted with supplemental concentrates to high and low crude protein levels. the pathogens were added to manure, which was subsequently mixed ... | 2005 | 16204535 |
| computer-assisted docking of flavodoxin with the atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (coba) enzyme reveals residues critical for protein-protein interactions but not for catalysis. | the activity of the housekeeping atp:co(i)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (coba) enzyme of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium is required to adenosylate de novo biosynthetic intermediates of adenosylcobalamin and to salvage incomplete and complete corrinoids from the environment of this bacterium. in vitro, reduced flavodoxin (flda) provides an electron to generate the co(i)rrinoid substrate in the coba active site. to understand how coba and flda interact, a computer model of a coba.flda complex w ... | 2005 | 16207720 |
| tol-pal proteins are critical cell envelope components of erwinia chrysanthemi affecting cell morphology and virulence. | the tol-pal genes are necessary for maintaining the outer-membrane integrity of gram-negative bacteria. these genes were first described in escherichia coli, and more recently in several other species. they are involved in the pathogenesis of e. coli, haemophilus ducreyi, vibrio cholerae and salmonella enterica. the role of the tol-pal genes in bacterial pathogenesis was investigated in the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, assuming that this organism might be a good model fo ... | 2005 | 16207916 |
| characterization of isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in japan. | strains of the multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in japan were examined for high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. since the first isolation in 2000 (described in reference 13), we have identified 12 human and 5 nonhuman isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone-resistance (ciprofloxacin mic of 24 microg/ml or more). most of these isolates shared some features including definitive phage type (dt 12/193), resistance type (acssutncp; resistant to ampicillin, ... | 2005 | 16207965 |
| first report of salmonella enterica serotype panama meningitis associated with consumption of contaminated breast milk by a neonate. | salmonella enterica serotype panama is capable of causing severe infection in children and is often transmitted via contaminated food. here, we present the first documented case of serotype panama infection that was acquired through the consumption of contaminated breast milk. the mother excreted the organism asymptomatically for at least 2 weeks. | 2005 | 16208031 |
| microbiology: loading the type iii cannon. | | 2005 | 16208351 |
| chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type iii secretion. | type iii protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors of many bacteria pathogenic to humans, animals and plants. these systems mediate the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. proteins are thought to travel this pathway in a largely unfolded manner, and a family of customized cytoplasmic chaperones, which specifically bind cognate secreted proteins, are essential for secretion. here we show that invc, an atpase associated with a salmonella ... | 2005 | 16208377 |
| resuscitation of the viable but non-culturable state of salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg by recombinant resuscitation-promoting factor derived from salmonella typhimurium strain lt2. | a gene encoding the resuscitation-promoting factor (rpf) from salmonella typhimurium lt2 was cloned and characterized. the amino acid sequence encoded by s. typhimurium lt2 rpf gene shares 24.2% homology with micrococcus luteus rpf, which is secreted by growing cells, and required to resuscitate from viable but non-culturable (vnc) state. the s. typhimurium lt2 rpf gene is 696 bp long, and shared a conserved segment with salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg (99.4%). recombinant rpf (rrpf) pro ... | 2006 | 16213054 |
| incidence of bloodstream infections in a speciality hospital in kuwait: 8-year experience. | to determine the frequency of isolation and antibiotic-susceptibility patterns of clinically significant bacterial pathogens isolated from blood. | 2005 | 16220016 |
| oral infection with the salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum 9r attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. due to its virulence, the immune response to s. gallinarum is poorly characterised. in this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated s. gallinarum 9r vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis. | 2005 | 16221297 |
| ultrahigh-throughput proteomics using fast rplc separations with esi-ms/ms. | we describe approaches for proteomics analysis using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with fast reversed-phase liquid chromatography (rplc) separations. the rplc separations used 50-microm-i.d. fused-silica capillaries packed with submicrometer-sized c18-bonded porous silica particles and achieved peak capacities of 130-420 for analytes from proteome tryptic digests. when these separations were combined with linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry measurements, approxima ... | 2005 | 16223258 |