| identification of nf-kappab-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a mucosa-restricted virus that is a leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract infections in children. in epithelial cells, rsv replication activates nuclear translocation of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) through proteolysis of its cytoplasmic inhibitor, ikappab. in spite of a putative role in mediating virus-inducible gene expression, the spectrum of nf-kappab-dependent genes induced by rsv infection has not yet been d ... | 2002 | 12050393 |
| adenovirus-mediated suicide-gene therapy in an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model. | patients with high-grade transitional-cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder frequently experience recurrence and progress and have a low response rate to chemotherapy in metastatic tcc. in this study, we evaluated the feasibility and long-term efficacy of suicide-gene therapy using adenovirus (ad)-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (hsv-tk) and prodrug ganciclovir (gcv) as a potential therapeutic approach in murine-orthotopic models of tcc. | 2002 | 12060439 |
| role of bovine chemokines produced by dendritic cells in respiratory syncytial virus-induced t cell proliferation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to induce the production of chemokines in the airway epithelia. dendritic cells (dc) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. they are located throughout the body and release chemokines in response to inflammation and infection. we have investigated the chemokine profile of bovine dc in response to exposure to bovine rsv (brsv). transcripts for several chemokines were detected by rt-pcr, subsequently cloned and expressed, and the products ... | 2002 | 12072239 |
| neutralizing anti-f glycoprotein and anti-substance p antibody treatment effectively reduces infection and inflammation associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important virus mediating lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. rsv infection is associated with pulmonary inflammation and increased levels of substance p (sp), making the airways and leukocytes that express sp receptors susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide. this study examines combining neutralizing anti-f glycoprotein and anti-sp antibody treatment of rsv-infected balb/c mice to inhibit rsv replicatio ... | 2002 | 12072488 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: cost-effective analysis in argentina. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of bronchiolitis during the first year of life. preterm infants and patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) have a higher risk of hospitalization. the objective of this study was to assess the risk of hospitalization and to evaluate the cost effectiveness of palivizumab use in our at risk population. | 2002 | 12075758 |
| rsv entry inhibitors block f-protein mediated fusion with model membranes. | rsv fusion is mediated by f-protein, a major viral surface glycoprotein. cl-309623, a specific inhibitor of rsv, interacts tightly with f-protein, which results in a hydrophobic environment at the binding site. the binding is selective for f-protein and does not occur with g-protein, a surface glycoprotein that facilitates the binding of rsv to target cells, or with lipid membranes at concentrations in the sub-millimolar range. using an assay based on the relief of self-quenching of octadecyl rh ... | 2002 | 12076763 |
| cationic liposome-mediated enhanced generation of human hla-restricted rsv-specific cd8+ ctl+. | generation of human cd8+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) in vitro is inefficient. lipofectamine, a polycationic liposome, previously shown to enhance the transfection efficiency of dna in cells, was evaluated for enhancing rsv ctl activity. stimulator cells were prepared by infecting human pbl with rsv with or without lipofectamine for 3 hr and then transferred to responder cells. after 8 days of incubation, ... | 2002 | 12078858 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and pulmonary surfactant. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections peak in young infants and are associated with significant morbidity. the collectins surfactant protein-a (sp-a) and sp-d are pattern recognition molecules that belong to the innate immune system of the lungs, forming a first line of defense. on the one hand, sp-a and sp-d levels are reduced during rsv infection. this may critically influence the invasion of rsv and also the virus-induced cytokine patterns of the host. both collectins enhance the in vi ... | 2002 | 12081017 |
| cytokine and chemokine gene expression after primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. | the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was studied in the lungs of cotton rats after primary or secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). increases in messenger rna (mrna) levels of all genes analyzed were observed during the course of primary infection. in general, mrna expression peaked between postinfection days 1 and 4 and returned to near-normal levels by day 10. during secondary infection, the expression of some genes (i.e., interferon [ifn]- ... | 2002 | 12085325 |
| cross-reactivity among several recombinant calicivirus virus-like particles (vlps) with monoclonal antibodies obtained from mice immunized orally with one type of vlp. | human caliciviruses (hucvs) are classified into the norwalk-like viruses (nlv) and sapporo-like viruses (slv) as genera within the family caliciviridae: the nlv genus is further classified into genogroups i and ii, based on sequence similarities. to study the antigenic determinants on the hucv capsid protein and develop new diagnostic tools for field samples, we established and characterized monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against baculovirus-expressed recombinant hucv virus-like particles (vlps). ... | 2002 | 12089262 |
| novel monoclonal antibody directed at the receptor binding site on the avian sarcoma and leukosis virus env complex. | we report here on the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against rous sarcoma virus (rsv) subgroup a env that will be useful in functional and structural analysis of rsv env, as well as in approaches employing the rcas/tva system for gene targeting. balb/c mice were primed and given boosters twice with enva-expressing nih 3t3 cells. resulting hybridomas were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against rcanbp virions and su-a-immunoglobulin g immunoadhesin. one highly reac ... | 2002 | 12097564 |
| expression of reverse cholesterol transport pathway associated protein genes in skeletal muscle. | viral and nonviral vectors containing apoai, apoe or lcat genes were constructed and transfected into myogenic cells in vitro or injected directly into mouse skeletal muscle. the expression efficiencies of these vectors were assaied to investigate the possibility of ectopic expression of these genes in skeletal muscle and to develop a safe and convenient gene therapy method for atherosclerosis. the results showed that the primary cultured mouse myoblasts, c2c12 cells transfected with pcmvapoe3 e ... | 2000 | 12098785 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children younger than 3 years of age in japan. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral pathogen for lower respiratory tract infection (lri) in infants and children. an rsv-specific monoclonal antibody has been developed to provide prophylaxis against rsv associated lri (rsv-lri). the objective of this study was to determine the impact of rsv as a cause of lri in children younger than 3 years of age to provide data to aide in the implementation of forthcoming prophylaxis against rsv. | 2002 | 12099731 |
| [prospective regional study of an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis]. | this prospective study was designed to identify risk factors associated with admission in pediatric intensive care units (picu) among infants hospitalized for treatment of rsv induced bronchiolitis. this study was population-based and was conducted in burgundy, a french region with 1,800,000 inhabitants where passive immunoprophylaxis for rsv bronchiolitis was not set up at the time of the study. results: from december 1st 1999 to april 30th 2000, 484 infants were hospitalized for rsv bronchioli ... | 2002 | 12108310 |
| a rhesus monkey model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. to date, there is no single animal model that adequately reproduces all human disease states. here, we have developed a model of experimental infection with human rsv in infant rhesus macaques. infected animals demonstrated mild clinical disease including increased respiratory rates, fever and adventitious lung sounds. while more severe disease was not observed, prelimin ... | 2002 | 12110049 |
| peripheral blood lymphopenia and neutrophilia in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | it is not known why respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with prolonged sequelae in many children. measles virus (also a paramyxovirus), acute stress in sepsis, and cardiac bypass all cause lymphopenia. using a retrospective analysis of records of children in bristol with rsv infections over 5 years, we found that children with rsv had lower lymphocyte counts than unstressed, stable children prior to cardiac surgery. children who required intensive care had the lowest lymphocyte count ... | 2002 | 12112779 |
| seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus chest infection in the tropics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in young children. we determined if there was a seasonal variation in malaysia in the incidence of rsv infection in young children admitted with lrti, and possible associations of rsv infection with local meteorological parameters. a total of 5,691 children, aged less than 24 months and hospitalized with lrti (i.e., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) between 1982-1997, were included in this study. ... | 2002 | 12112797 |
| population-based rates of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with and without risk factors, and outcome in a tertiary care setting. | the aim of this study was to make a population-based estimate of the risk of hospitalization and complications during virologically confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in relation to established risk factors, and an estimation of additional risk factors and outcome as seen in a tertiary care referral centre. during a period of 12 y, all children with virologically confirmed rsv infection were included. recorded complications were: admission to the intensive care unit, mechanica ... | 2002 | 12113331 |
| mapk activation is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of rsv-induced rantes gene expression. | airway epithelial cells represent the primary cell target of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. they actively participate in the lung immune/inflammatory response that follows rsv infection by expressing chemokines, small chemotactic cytokines that recruit and activate leukocytes. regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed, and presumably secreted (rantes) is a member of the cc chemokine subfamily and is strongly chemotactic for t lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophil ... | 2002 | 12114198 |
| nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptors in respiratory syncytial virus-infected lungs. | nerve growth factor (ngf) controls sensorineural development and responsiveness and modulates immunoinflammatory reactions. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) potentiates the proinflammatory effects of sensory nerves in rat airways by upregulating the substance p receptor, neurokinin 1 (nk(1)). we investigated whether the expression of ngf and its trka and p75 receptors in the lungs is age dependent, whether it is upregulated during rsv infection, and whether it affects neurogenic inflammation. p ... | 2002 | 12114213 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus igg antibodies in infants living in a rural area of mozambique. | a case control study was carried out in manhiça (mozambique). serum samples were collected from infants < 1 year of age in hospital to assess the effect of serum antibodies on the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. sera were collected from a total of 31 cases of rsv infection and paired uninfected controls matched for age and sex. anti-rsv antibodies were assessed by a membrane fluorescent antibody test (mfat) for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies and by a neutralizing ant ... | 2002 | 12116014 |
| introduction. rsv and rad: possibilities for prevention? the link between respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease. | | 2002 | 12119050 |
| clinical perspectives on the association between respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease. | asthma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, as is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this report reviews controlled retrospective and prospective studies conducted to investigate whether there is an association between rsv bronchiolitis in infancy and subsequent development of reactive airway disease or allergic sensitization. findings indicate that such a link to bronchial obstructive symptoms does exist and is strongest for children who experienced severe rsv ... | 2002 | 12119052 |
| potential therapeutic implications of new insights into respiratory syncytial virus disease. | viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age, and 70% of all cases of bronchiolitis are caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). early rsv infection is associated with respiratory problems such as asthma and wheezing later in life. rsv infection is usually spread by contaminated secretions and infects the upper then lower respiratory tracts. infected cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including il-1, tumor necrosis fact ... | 2002 | 12119053 |
| pathophysiological mechanisms for the respiratory syncytial virus-reactive airway disease link. | there is substantial epidemiological evidence supporting the concept that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection in infancy may be linked to the development of reactive airway disease (rad) in childhood. however, much less is known concerning the mechanisms by which this self-limiting infection leads to airway dysfunction that persists long after the virus is cleared from the lungs. a better understanding of the rsv-rad link may have important clinical implications, ... | 2002 | 12119054 |
| immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus: global experience. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children by age 2 years, and it causes considerable illness and death in certain high-risk pediatric populations. historically, treatment for rsv has been symptomatic, and developing a safe and effective vaccine has been a challenge. therefore, research efforts have turned to passive immunization as the best option to control rsv. palivizumab, a genetically engineered humanized monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce rsv-related hospital ... | 2002 | 12119055 |
| an epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations in denmark. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infections in infants. studies have implicated severe rsv infections early in life as a risk factor for subsequent development of reactive airway disease. we are conducting a study to validate rsv-associated diagnoses in the danish national patient registry, to assess whether the incidence of severe rsv infection is increasing in denmark, to identify predisposing and protective factors for rsv ... | 2002 | 12119056 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and postbronchiolitic wheezing. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of hospitalization for acute respiratory tract illness in general and specifically for bronchiolitis in young children. the link between rsv bronchiolitis and reactive airway disease is not completely understood, even though rsv bronchiolitis is frequently followed by recurrent episodes of wheezing. therapy with ribavirin does not appear to significantly reduce long-term respiratory outcome of rsv lower respiratory tract infection, and corti ... | 2002 | 12119057 |
| significant differences in nucleocapsid morphology within the paramyxoviridae. | nucleocapsid (n) proteins from representative viruses of three genera within the paramyxoviridae were expressed in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. rna-containing structures, which appear morphologically identical to viral nucleocapsids, were isolated and subsequently imaged under a transmission electron microscope. analysis of these images revealed marked differences in nucleocapsid morphology among the genera investigated, most notably between viruses of the paramyxovirinae and th ... | 2002 | 12124447 |
| respiratory syncytial virus assembly occurs in gm1-rich regions of the host-cell membrane and alters the cellular distribution of tyrosine phosphorylated caveolin-1. | we have previously shown that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assembly occurs within regions of the host-cell surface membrane that are enriched in the protein caveolin-1 (cav-1). in this report, we have employed immunofluorescence microscopy to further examine the rsv assembly process. our results show that rsv matures at regions of the cell surface that, in addition to cav-1, are enriched in the lipid-raft ganglioside gm1. furthermore, a comparison of mock-infected and rsv-infected cells by ... | 2002 | 12124448 |
| [a study on viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | to study the relation between viral infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and the role of viral infection in the pathogenesis of copd. | 2002 | 12126557 |
| plasmid dna encoding the respiratory syncytial virus g protein protects against rsv-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of childhood respiratory disease as well as exacerbations of asthma. although previous studies have demonstrated that a dna vaccine encoding the rsv g protein can inhibit rsv replication in mouse models of rsv infection, studies have not been performed to determine whether a dna vaccine encoding the rsv g protein can protect against rsv induced mucus expression and airway hyperresponsiveness which was the focus of this study. the dna-g vacc ... | 2002 | 12126916 |
| chemokines and inflammation in the nasal passages of infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | this study measured chemokines in nasal lavage fluids (nlf) from infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, defined by lung hyperinflation and wheezing. comparison was made to rsv-positive infants without bronchiolitis and rsv-negative infants with acute respiratory illnesses. rsv-positive illnesses were associated with increased epithelial shedding, increased rantes/protein ratios, and increased il-8/protein ratios in nlf compared to rsv-negative illnesses. among rsv-positive ... | 2002 | 12139952 |
| engineering of staphylococcal surfaces for biotechnological applications. | novel surface proteins can be introduced onto bacterial cell surfaces by recombinant means. here, we describe various applications of two such display systems for the food-grade bacteria staphylococcus carnosus and staphylococcus xylosus, respectively. the achievements in the use of such staphylococci as live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles will be described. co-display of proteins and peptides with adhesive properties to enable targeting of the bacteria, have significantly improved the vacc ... | 2002 | 12142144 |
| simultaneous viral infection and childhood bronchiolitis obliterans. | lower respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are frequent in childhood. association of rsv with bronchiolitis obliterans has rarely been established. we report a 13-month-old child with bronchiolitis obliterans following co-infection by rsv and adenovirus, and suggest that complicated evolution of an acute bronchiolitis case can indicate an association of pathogens. | 2003 | 12144753 |
| correlation between serum interleukin 6 and c-reactive protein concentrations in patients with adenoviral respiratory infection. | to characterize adenoviral respiratory infection, we evaluated clinical features, laboratory findings and serum cytokine concentrations in patients with adenoviral infection and compared them with those in patients with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. | 2002 | 12150170 |
| management of respiratory syncytial virus with lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children requiring pediatric hospitalizations. infants with chronic lung, cardiac, or neuromuscular conditions are at increased risk for rsv infection. early rsv is associated with subsequent diagnosis of reactive airway disease. the management of rsv with lower respiratory track infection in infants and children remains controversial. bronchodilators may have some short-term benefit, but a ... | 2002 | 12151995 |
| substance p receptor expression on lymphocytes is associated with the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the kinetics and magnitude of sp receptor expression was determined for bronchoalveolar leukocyte cell subsets from balb/c mice in the primary immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3) infection, and in the secondary immune response to rsv and piv3 challenge. in both the primary and secondary responses to infection, expression of substance p (sp) receptors was markedly increased by infection, especially for t lymphocytes, compared to b220+, cd11b ... | 2002 | 12161030 |
| an epidemiological study of rsv infection in the gambia. | to describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in a developing country. | 2002 | 12163920 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in navajo and white mountain apache children. | the hospitalization rate for bronchiolitis of any cause among us children younger than 1 year is estimated at 31.2 per 1000. no data exist on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific hospitalization rates among high-risk native americans other than alaska natives, for whom the incidence of rsv hospitalization was estimated at 150 per 1000 among infants younger than 1 year. we aimed to estimate rsv hospitalization rates among navajo and white mountain apache children younger than 2 years. | 2002 | 12165619 |
| test characteristics of the respiratory syncytial virus enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. | the test characteristics of rapid tests for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants may differ from older children secondary to a lower likelihood of previous illness with rsv. our main goal was to establish the test characteristics of the rsv abbott testpack (tp) enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (eia) in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. our secondary goal was to determine the likelihood of rsv given a particular clinical syndrome and a negative or positive eia. a prospective sampl ... | 2002 | 12166793 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) tat induces nitric-oxide synthase in human astroglia. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is known to cause neuronal injury and dementia in a significant proportion of patients. however, the mechanism by which hiv-1 mediates its deleterious effects in the brain is poorly defined. the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the hiv-1 tat gene on the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) in human u373mg astroglial cells and primary astroglia. expression of the tat gene as rsv-tat but not that of the ... | 2002 | 12167619 |
| viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among children in porto alegre, rs, brazil. | although acute respiratory infections (aris) are a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in southern brazil, little information is available on their seasonality and viral etiology. this study was conducted on children under 5 years of age with ari to assess viral etiology in the state of rio grande do sul, from 1990 to 1992. a total of 862 nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) samples were tested using indirect immunofluorescence. the results showed that 316 (36.6%) nps samples were positive: 2 ... | 2002 | 12170321 |
| management of bronchiolitis: current practices in ireland. | to establish current practice for hospital-based treatment of uncomplicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the republic of ireland. a questionnaire was sent to all consultant general paediatricians in the republic of ireland. the questionnaire described a clinical scenario and this was followed by a list of management questions. the scenario was of a 3-month-old infant with uncomplicated but moderately severe rsv infection requiring hospitalization. seventy-three questionnaires w ... | 2002 | 12171262 |
| cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in new zealand. | to establish the preterm infant hospitalization risks from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in new zealand and the net cost per hospitalization averted by palivizumab. | 2002 | 12173995 |
| inhibition of retroviral pathogenesis by rna interference. | rna interference (rnai) is a newly discovered cellular defense system that is known to suppress replication of genomic parasites in model organisms. it has been widely conjectured that rnai may also serve as an antiviral system in vertebrates. | 2002 | 12176358 |
| development of vaccines against common colds. | respiratory tract viruses are particularly significant causes of illness and death in children and in the elderly. vaccines offer the possibility of decreasing the severity and complications of viral respiratory disease, but development has been delayed by numerous factors. first, there are more than 200 serologically distinct rna and dna virus species and strains which cause an essentially similar spectrum of disease. some re-infect at high efficiency despite little antigenic variation, while o ... | 2002 | 12176853 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in canada: utilization and outcomes. | to provide information on the use and outcomes of palivizumab prophylaxis in children at high risk of serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2002 | 12182374 |
| diagnostic methods for detection of respiratory rna viruses. | this article is a comprehensive description of diagnostic methods for detection of rna respiratory viruses - respiratory syncytial virus rsv, influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses, coronaviruses and rhinoviruses--from cell culture to molecular biology methods. both patients and medical personnel appear to be at risk of viral infection, specially during the winter season. moreover, many health care units lack viral diagnostic facilities; therefore, it is essential for medica ... | 2002 | 12184443 |
| evaluation of antiviral activity of different origin compounds by flow cytometry. | against many viral diseases caused for example by hsv, ebv, cmv, hiv, rsv, hcv for which vaccines are not available, chemiotherapeutics seem to have the principal significance. high progress in development of new antiviral compounds is observed. in addition to synthetic compounds a large number of naturally occurring substances have been shown to posses antiviral activity. one of such substance is tannic acid. in this study comparison of antiviral activity of tannic acid, acyclovir (acv) and gan ... | 2002 | 12184452 |
| natural reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus does not boost virus-specific t-cell immunity. | to determine the role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cell-mediated immunity during natural reinfection, we investigated whether rsv-specific t-cell responses protect against reinfection and, subsequently, whether reinfection boosts virus-specific memory. in a cohort of 55 infants who were hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis, rsv-specific lymphoproliferative responses in the peripheral blood were measured at three time-points: on admission, 4 wk after admission, and 1 y later, after ... | 2002 | 12193668 |
| steroids fail to down-regulate respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-8 secretion in infants. | in the first year of life, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and is characterized by extensive inflammatory cell influx to airways. we investigated whether this might reflect a failure to down-regulate secretion of the chemokine il-8, which has been identified as a key chemoattractant during host defense to rsv. two milliliters of blood were obtained from infants, children aged 1-12 y, and adults. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were isolated and inf ... | 2002 | 12193669 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces prostaglandin e2, il-10 and il-11 generation in antigen presenting cells. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major cause of hospitalization in children under 1 years of age. the disease characteristically does not induce protective immunity. however, a mononuclear peribronchiolar and perivascular infiltrate during rsv infection is suggestive of an immune-mediated pathogenesis. macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of immune response to pathogens. to analyse interactions of r ... | 2002 | 12197884 |
| episodic activation of the rat gnrh promoter: role of the homeoprotein oct-1. | recent reports demonstrate that the rat gnrh promoter is activated in an episodic fashion in immortalized gnrh neurons, but little information is available on molecular processes that contribute to this phenomenon. in this study, we dissected the regions of the rat gnrh promoter that mediate these effects by testing a series of 5' deletion luciferase reporter constructs on the pattern of photonic emissions from single, living gt1-7 gnrh neuronal cells. deletion analysis revealed that the region ... | 2002 | 12198245 |
| immune-globulin prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients undergoing stem-cell transplantation. | thirty-two patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation were given respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin (rsvig) at the time of transplantation and again 3 weeks later. antibody titers to rsv, human parainfluenza virus 3, measles, and influenza h1n1, h3n2, and b were measured prior to administration of rsvig and 6 more times over the course of the subsequent 6 weeks. baseline antiviral titers and increases in antibody after administration of rsvig were extre ... | 2002 | 12198619 |
| correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes seasonal outbreaks of respiratory tract infections, but the viral factors associated with virulence remain unknown. to determine whether rsv genotype correlated with severity of illness, isolates were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of the rsv g gene, and a composite score was used to quantify severity of illness. during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 winter seasons, 137 subgroup a and 84 subgroup b isolates were identified. the severity of illness ca ... | 2002 | 12198620 |
| selection and expression of peptides which can change the conformation of p20 protein of rice stripe virus. | phages with high affinity to the p20 protein of rice stripe virus (rsv) were enriched from phage-displayed random 12-mer peptide library after three rounds of phage display screening. nine different peptides from the enriched library were selected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the p20 protein from raw extracts of rice leaves infected with rsv could be detected by those 9 peptides displayed on the phage, which suggested that a peptide could be an effective tool for diagnosis of rs ... | 2002 | 12199205 |
| origins of reactive airways disease in early life: do viral infections play a role? | there is mounting evidence suggesting that infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early life increases the risk of developing reactive airway disease (rad) later in childhood. a recent prospective study demonstrated that children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis in infancy face a significantly increased risk of recurrent wheezing and allergy at least until the age of 7 y that is independent of hereditary factors. proposed mechanisms for this link include immune dysregulation, in ... | 2002 | 12200895 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalizations in high-risk children: follow-up of a national cohort of infants treated with palivizumab as rsv prophylaxis. | the prophylactic administration of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody binding the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein, was recently shown to significantly decrease the incidence of rsv-related hospitalizations among high-risk children (impact-rsv trial). while awaiting marketing authorization in france and through a cohort of patients' name-based national program temporarily authorized by the french drug agency, a prospective register of all palivizumab-treated patients in france wa ... | 2002 | 12203846 |
| readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among graduates from a neonatal intensive care unit. | we evaluated the incidence of readmission with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among the graduates of a regional neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), and characterized those who were rehospitalized. these data were used as a predictive tool to estimate the number of babies likely to suffer readmission with rsv for the year 2000 cohort. using the published efficacies of palivizumab, the costs and benefits of protecting this cohort were assessed. retrospective analysis of 2,507 nicu in ... | 2002 | 12205567 |
| [role of viral infections and chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in asthma in infants and young children. epidemiologic study of 118 children]. | wheezing associated with upper respiratory tract infections is common in children. using conventional techniques (viral culture and immunofluorescence) and molecular techniques (pcr), we studied the prevalence of viral, chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infections in 118 children hospitalised for acute asthma exacerbation. a virus was identified by conventional techniques in 40 of the 118 nasal swabs (34%), while pcr allowed identification of virus cp and mp in 80 samples ... | 2002 | 12205810 |
| pulmonary t cells induced by respiratory syncytial virus are functional and can make an important contribution to long-lived protective immunity. | the contribution of t cell responses to immunity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is not fully defined, but this is an important issue for vaccine design. recent studies demonstrating rsv-induced pulmonary t cell suppression suggest that rsv may have evolved strategies to escape t cell immunity. here we evaluated potential consequences of rsv-mediated immunosuppression for protective memory t cell responses in vivo. surprisingly, we found strong ex vivo cytolytic activity and interferon ... | 2002 | 12207340 |
| virus clearance and immunopathology by cd8(+) t cells during infection with respiratory syncytial virus are mediated by ifn-gamma. | cd8(+) t cells (ctl) are important effector cells for virus control and immunopathology after primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). to investigate the effector mechanisms involved, we set up an adoptive transfer model, in which effector ctl specific for p82-90 of rsv m2 were generated in vivo, followed by short-term restimulation in vitro and transfusion into infected recipients. a total of 4 x 10(4) donor-derived p82-specific ctl homing to the lung within 4 days after transf ... | 2002 | 12209623 |
| enhanced il-4 responses in children with a history of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy. | infants who recover from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis are at high risk of developing asthma and recurrent wheezing. it is not known whether severe rsv infection itself causes persistent effects or is a marker of a "wheezy" predisposition. to determine the long-term immunological correlates of infantile bronchiolitis, interleukin (il)-4 and interferon (ifn)-gamma responses to a panel of antigens were studied in a well-characterised cohort of 7-8-yr-old children with a h ... | 2002 | 12212970 |
| intranasal gene transfer by chitosan-dna nanospheres protects balb/c mice against acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is often associated in infancy with life-threatening bronchiolitis, which is also a major risk factor for the development of asthma. at present, no effective prophylaxis is available against rsv infection. herein, we describe an effective prophylactic intranasal gene transfer strategy utilizing chitosan-dna nanospheres (igt), containing a cocktail of plasmid dnas encoding all rsv antigens, except l. a single administration of igt (25 microg/mouse) indu ... | 2002 | 12215263 |
| a cautionary note on experimental artefacts induced by fetal calf serum in a viral model of pulmonary eosinophilia. | in balb/c mice, sensitization with the attachment protein (g) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) leads to cd4(+) t cell-mediated lung eosinophilia during subsequent challenge with rsv. in this study, we originally intended to test whether activation of rsv-specific cytotoxic t cells by peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (dc) after g protein sensitization could prevent this eosinophilic response. peptide-pulsed dendritic cells activated ctl, which could mediate protective immunity to rsv. however, ... | 2002 | 12215389 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--viral biology and the host response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of respiratory tract infection in infants. we have an incomplete understanding of the reasons why some infants are more severely affected by rsv than others. there is no effective antiviral treatment for the infection. advances in our understanding of the biology of rsv, particularly in relation to the attachment protein g and the fusion protein f, have revealed potential targets for new antiviral therapies and vaccine development. in ... | 2002 | 12217726 |
| vaccination with recombinant alphavirus or immune-stimulating complex antigen against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory diseases in infants and young children. inappropriate immunity to the virus can lead to disease enhancement upon subsequent infection. in this study, we have characterized the antiviral immunity elicited by the recombinant semliki forest virus (sfv) encoding the rsv fusion (f) and attachment (g) protein, and compared with that induced by the immune-stimulating complex (iscom)-incorporated fg proteins. antiviral immunity against rsv elic ... | 2002 | 12218139 |
| current respiratory syncytial virus prevention strategies in high-risk infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was initially isolated in 1956. since then it has become recognized as a major pathogen worldwide. it is a ubiquitous pathogen that produces seasonal epidemics. primary infection occurs in children before 2 years of age. in older children and adults, rsv usually manifests itself as an upper respiratory tract infection. in immunecompromised patients, those with underlying cardiopulmonary disorders, premature infants, and other vulnerable individuals, rsv infectio ... | 2002 | 12225544 |
| early ribavarin treatment of bronchiolitis: effect on long-term respiratory morbidity. | the mortality rate from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis has significantly reduced over the last decade. a major concern now is the long-term respiratory morbidity following rsv bronchiolitis. | 2002 | 12226035 |
| molecular epidemiological analysis of community circulating respiratory syncytial virus in rural south africa: comparison of viruses and genotypes responsible for different disease manifestations. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in children in both the industrialized and developing world. most molecular epidemiological studies have, until now, focused on isolates from hospitalized infants in industrialized countries. limited data have been available with regard to community circulating rsv, especially from africa. the present study compares rsv isolates from infants attending rural community clinics in the northern provi ... | 2002 | 12226836 |
| palivizumab in infants with gestational age < or = 28 weeks and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | we report data from 11 patients < or = 28 weeks' gestation with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) prophylactically treated with palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. all babies were receiving pharmacologic respiratory therapy at the moment of discharge from neonatal intensive care unit. babies received 15 mg/kg i.m. palivizumab every 4 weeks to a max of 5 doses during the period november-march. we compared them with 8 similar infants that did not requir ... | 2001 | 12233268 |
| a role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. administration of a formalin inactivated vaccine against rsv to children in the 1960s resulted in increased morbidity and mortality in vaccine recipients who subsequently contracted rsv. this incident precluded development of subunit rsv vaccines for infants for over 30 years, because the mechanism of illness was never clarified. an rsv vaccine for infants is still not avail ... | 2002 | 12235218 |
| seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in children in kiel, germany, over a 7-year period. | elaborate, long-term data on the rhythm, seasonality and severity of the yearly respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics in germany are lacking. | 2002 | 12236558 |
| the impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection: a prospective study in hospitalized infants younger than 2 years. | we analyzed the influence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on the clinical course and management of infants hospitalized due to viral upper and lower respiratory tract infections (u/lrti). | 2002 | 12236559 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-coded pediatric hospitalizations, 1997 to 1999. | the recent number and rate of infant hospitalizations with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-coded diagnosis have not been published. | 2002 | 12237593 |
| current concepts on active immunization against respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important causative agent of viral respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. passive immunization against rsv became available recently, but this does not apply to an effective vaccine as a result of dramatic adverse results of immunization with a rsv candidate vaccine in the 1960s and the lack of full knowledge of the immune response induced by rsv. nonetheless intensive research during the past two decades has resulted in several ... | 2002 | 12237605 |
| development of multiple cloning site cis-vectors for recombinant adeno-associated virus production. | recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) has become a very popular gene therapy vector in the past several years. a cis-plasmid is used to generate the raav stocks. in this plasmid, the entire expression cassette is incorporated between two aav inverted terminal repeats. the construction of cis-plasmid has been problematic because of the high-frequency recombination of the viral inverted terminal repeats. here we describe the design and construction of several multiple cloning site cis-plasmids ... | 2002 | 12238777 |
| gamma interferon-dependent protection of the mouse upper respiratory tract following parenteral immunization with a respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment. | the protective mechanisms induced in the mouse upper respiratory tract (urt) after intraperitoneal immunization with g2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein fragment (amino acid residues 130 to 230), were investigated. this protection was recently shown to be mediated by cd4(+) t cells and to be critically dependent on the cysteines and amino acids 193 and 194 (h. plotnicky-gilquin, a. robert, l. chevalet, j.-f. haeuw, a. beck, j.-y. bonnefoy, c. brandt, c.-a. siegrist, t ... | 2002 | 12239295 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection among puerto rican infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory illness in children. prevention of this infection is available with the use of intravenous immunoglobulin or an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). palivizumab has been available in puerto rico since 1999. the objective of this study was to follow-up infants who received rsv prophylaxis with palivizumab in puerto rico to assess its efficacy and safety. a total of 230 infants who received rsv prophy ... | 2002 | 12243108 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia complicating fludarabine and cyclophosphamide treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | the potential for life-threatening pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is recognised among patients with acute leukaemia and recipients of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation. rsv pneumonia has a high mortality rate in these settings. less intensively treated patients are not usually considered to be at risk for serious rsv pneumonia. we describe the case of a 62-yr-old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) treated with fludarabine and cycloph ... | 2002 | 12270063 |
| expression of beta-galactosidase by recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses for microneutralization assay. | the beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) was inserted into a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 strain of subgroup a rsv (designated as a-lacz) and a chimeric rsv that had the g and f surface glycoproteins of a2 replaced by those of the subgroup b rsv 9320 strain (designated as b-lacz). both recombinant rsvs, a-lacz and b-lacz, grew well in tissue culture and expressed high levels of beta-galactosidase. using these two beta-galactosidase-expressing recombinant rsvs, a novel microneutrali ... | 2002 | 12270661 |
| influenza virosomes are an efficient delivery system for respiratory syncytial virus-f antigen inducing humoral and cell-mediated immunity. | in the present study we investigated the efficacy of a new potential vaccine constituted of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-f protein associated with influenza virosomes (rsv-f/iriv) in combination with the mucosal adjuvant escheriagen (escherichia coli heat-labile toxin), administered intranasally (i.n.) to balb/c mice. after an intramuscular "priming" with influenza virus vaccine, group a of mice was i.n. immunized with of rsv-f/iriv+heat-labile toxin (hlt), groups b and c were inoculate ... | 2002 | 12297388 |
| age-dependent replication of respiratory syncytial virus in the cotton rat. | despite the documented disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the elderly, little is known about the underlying risk factors or pathogenesis of rsv in a geriatric population. this report describes an age-dependent change of rsv clearance in the lung and nose of the cotton rat. six days postinfection with rsv, lung and nose viral titers were significantly higher in all older age groups as compared with 4- to 6-week old cotton rats (p < 0.05). when comparing the 4- to 6-week old an ... | 2002 | 12324660 |
| sorting of the respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein into detergent-resistant structures is dependent on cell-surface expression of the glycoproteins. | the interaction of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) matrix (m) protein with the plasma membrane was investigated using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera raised against recombinant m expressed in bacteria. m bound mainly to the plasma membrane, although a significant proportion bound to internal membranes. however, no localisation of m with the golgi was observed, suggesting that transport of m to the plasma membrane was independent of the transport mechanism for the viral glycoproteins. ex ... | 2002 | 12350355 |
| neutrophil survival is prolonged in the airways of healthy infants and infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | large numbers of neutrophils in the airway of infants infected by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are recruited by chemokines, such as interleukin-8, and specific inflammatory molecules can delay apoptosis increasing their longevity. the aim of this study was to investigate whether airway secretions in rsv bronchiolitis contain factors that influence neutrophil apoptosis. nasal lavage fluid (nlf) was obtained from 24 infants with rsv bronchiolitis (31 infant controls and 12 adults). neutrophil ... | 2002 | 12358343 |
| the value of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. | 2002 | 12367651 |
| the major phosphorylation sites of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein are dispensable for virus replication in vitro. | the phosphoprotein (p protein) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a key component of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase complex. the protein is constitutively phosphorylated at the two clusters of serine residues (116, 117, and 119 [116/117/119] and 232 and 237 [232/237]). to examine the role of phosphorylation of the rsv p protein in virus replication, these five serine residues were altered to eliminate their phosphorylation potential, and the mutant proteins were analyzed for their f ... | 2002 | 12368320 |
| highlights in the development of new antiviral agents. | the potential of a large variety of new compounds and new strategies for the treatment of virtually all major virus infections has been addressed. this includes, for the treatment of hiv infections, virus adsorption inhibitors (cosalane derivatives, cyanovirin-n), co-receptor antagonists (tak-779, amd3100), viral fusion inhibitors (pentafuside t-20, betulinic acid derivatives), viral uncoating inhibitors (azodicarbonamide), nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis: emtricita ... | 2002 | 12370077 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in early life is associated with increased type 2 cytokine production in gambian children. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early childhood has been associated with subsequent wheezing and atopy. the aim of this study was to test if severe rsv infection in early life was associated with an increase in type 2 cytokine production and atopy in gambian children 5 years later. | 2002 | 12372121 |
| development and use of palivizumab (synagis): a passive immunoprophylactic agent for rsv. | palivizumab (synagis; abbott laboratories), a humanized, monoclonal antibody, prevents lower respiratory tract infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv causes significant morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide and is particularly severe in pre-term infants, children with cardiopulmonary disease, and the immunosuppressed population. the first such genetically engineered agent to be used effectively against a human infectious disease, palivizumab significantly reduces the n ... | 2002 | 12373481 |
| a cohort of children hospitalised with acute rsv bronchiolitis: impact on later respiratory disease. | this paper reviews the results from a cohort study in which 47 children hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and their 93 controls, matched for age, sex and place of living, were prospectively followed-up at the mean ages of 1, 3 and 7.5. asthma was significantly more common in the rsv bronchiolitis group at all times. asthma during the year prior to follow-up at age 7.5 was seen in 23% of the rsv children and in 2% of the controls (p < 0.001). allergic sensitisation ... | 2002 | 12376053 |
| characterization of the ldl-a module mutants of tva, the subgroup a rous sarcoma virus receptor, and the implications in protein folding. | tva is the cellular receptor for subgroup a rous sarcoma virus (rsv-a), and the viral receptor function is solely determined by a 40-residue motif called the ldl-a module of tva. in this report, an integral approach of molecular, biochemical, and biophysical techniques was used to examine the role of a well-conserved tryptophan of the ldl-a module of tva in protein folding and ligand binding. we show that substitution of tryptophan by glycine adversely affected the correct folding of the ldl-a m ... | 2002 | 12381843 |
| palivizumab in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. premature infants and infants with underlying lung disease are at increased risk for severe rsv infection in the first 1 - 2 years of life. monthly prophylaxis with palivizumab (synagis) during rsv season has been proven safe and effective in this population and these effects have persisted over the 4 years since the drug was approved by the us fda in 1998. issues ... | 2002 | 12387675 |
| immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces interleukin-13-associated hypersensitivity to subsequent rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. rsv vaccine development has been hampered by results of clinical trials in the 1960s, when formalin-inactivated whole-rsv preparations adjuvated with alum (fi-rsv) were found to predispose infants for enhanced disease following subsequent natural rsv infection. we have reproduced this apparently immunopathological phenomenon in infant cynomolgus macaques and identified immunological and p ... | 2002 | 12388717 |
| first-time wheezing in infants during respiratory syncytial virus season: chest radiograph findings. | to evaluate the prevalence of pathologic chest radiographs in infants presenting with a first episode of wheezing during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons and to compare demographics and clinical variables between patients with benign and pathologic chest radiographs. | 2002 | 12395001 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappab in the lung involves alveolar macrophages and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways. | the transcription factor nuclear factor (nf)-kappab controls the expression of numerous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-inducible inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes. using a balb/c mouse model, the present article shows that rsv potently and specifically activates nf-kappab in vivo, a process that involves nuclear translocation of the subunits rela, p50, and c-rel in the lung. by depletion of alveolar macrophages (ams) in balb/c mice and use of c3h/hej mice lacking a functional toll-like ... | 2002 | 12402188 |
| a common haplotype of interleukin-4 gene il4 is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in korean children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major health problem in young children, and host response to severe disease favors a th2 immune response. to investigate the genetic basis for rsv disease severity, linked variants of 3 th2 cytokine genes, il4, il13, and il5 (which are clustered on chromosome 5q31.1) were characterized in 105 children who were hospitalized with severe rsv infection and 315 korean control subjects in a pilot study. a common il4 haplotype defined at 5 loci, which includes the ... | 2002 | 12402189 |
| a randomized trial of montelukast in respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis. | infants often develop reactive airway disease after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-lt) are released during rsv infection and may contribute to the inflammation. we hypothesized that a cys-lt receptor antagonist would ameliorate reactive airway disease subsequent to rsv bronchiolitis. one hundred and thirty infants who were 3 to 36 months old, hospitalized with acute rsv bronchiolitis, were randomized into a double-blind, parallel comparison of 5-mg m ... | 2003 | 12406832 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. | palivizumab prophylaxis significantly reduces hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in preterm infants. however, palivizumab is very expensive. data from a new zealand cost-effectiveness analysis were considered by representatives of the infectious diseases and immunisation, fetus and newborn, and respiratory committees of the paediatric society of new zealand. prophylaxis in all high-risk groups was associated with net cost. the consensus panel recommends that the priori ... | 2002 | 12410864 |