| trichomonas vaginalis p16 immunoreactivity in cervicovaginal pap tests: a diagnostic pitfall. | detection of p16 is emerging as a useful biomarker for human papillomavirus (hpv)-related dysplastic and malignant lesions of the cervix, and as such has potential application to cervicovaginal papanicolaou (pap) specimens. while evaluating p16 immunocytochemistry in our laboratory we observed one pap test in which trichomonas vaginalis stained positively for p16. we therefore proceeded to determine the frequency of t. vaginalis immunoreactivity for p16 in 10 consecutive, satisfactory, liquid-ba ... | 2005 | 16078255 |
| nonoxynol 9 as an additive therapy in metronidazole-resistant cases of vaginal trichomoniasis. | the present study was conducted on 30 female patients with metronidazole resistant vaginal trichomoniasis to investigate the efficacy of nonoxynol 9 (n-9), a non hormonal contraceptive with spermicidal effect, as an additive therapy to metronidazole (mnz). study population were randomly divided into 3 groups according to treatment regimen: g.i: patients received high dose mnz (2 g daily for 7 days) n = 10; g. ii: patients received (100 mg n-9 vaginal suppository daily for 7 days) n = 10; g. iii: ... | 2005 | 16083067 |
| molecular characterization of egyptian trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates by hsp70 restriction fragment length polymorphism. | molecular typing of 20 egyptian trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis employing a probe from the heat-inducible cytoplasmic hsp70 gene family hybridized with ecor l-digested genomic dna. in each of the isolates tested 5 to 6 distinct dna fragments ranging from 2.7 kb to 7.5 kb in size were detected. analysis of 13 isolates from symptomatic and 7 isolates from asymptomatic women revealed 6 distinct rflp pattern sub ... | 2005 | 16083077 |
| [new alkylated derivates and dissociation constans of 3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazole]. | in the reactions of 3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazole (bio) and its 5-cl and 6-cl derivatives with ethyl bromoacetate were obtained the mixtures of o- and n- substituted esters but 7-no2-bio formed only o-ester. the products of n-aminomethylation of 5-no2-bio were active against trichomonas vaginalis. the structures of pure compounds have been confirmed by elementary analysis and ir spectrometry. determinations of dissociation constants (pka) of bio, 5-cl-bio, 6-cl-bio, 7-cl-bio, 5-f-bio, 5-no2-bio, 7 ... | 1992 | 16092412 |
| identification of a very large rab gtpase family in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. | rab proteins are pivotal components of the membrane trafficking machinery in all eukaryotes. distinct rab proteins locate to specific endomembrane compartments and genomic studies suggest that rab gene diversity correlates with endomembrane system complexity; for example unicellular organisms generally possess 5-20 rab family members and the size of the repertoire increases to 25-60 in multicellular systems. here we report 65 open reading frames from the unicellular protozoan trichomonas vaginal ... | 2005 | 16099517 |
| sti/hiv co-infections in uch, ibadan, nigeria. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are poorly recognised and inadequately treated in nigeria in spite of the fact that it constitutes a major risk for hiv transmission. this study was carried out to ascertain sti/hiv co-infection rate and to obtain relevant socio-demographic and reproductive health data associated with stis. this information is urgently needed for designing sti/hiv control strategies. all consenting patients with history suggestive of sti, who attended sti clinic at the univ ... | 2005 | 16104654 |
| an ancient spliceosomal intron in the ribosomal protein l7a gene (rpl7a) of giardia lamblia. | only one spliceosomal-type intron has previously been identified in the unicellular eukaryotic parasite, giardia lamblia (a diplomonad). this intron is only 35 nucleotides in length and is unusual in possessing a non-canonical 5' intron boundary sequence, ct, instead of gt. | 2005 | 16109161 |
| "shotgun" versus sequential testing. cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for vaginitis. | although vaginitis is a common outpatient problem, only 60% of patients can be diagnosed at the initial office visit of a primary care provider using the office procedures of ph testing, whiff tests, normal saline, and potassium hydroxide preps. | 2005 | 16117745 |
| association of chlamydia trachomatis with persistence of high-risk types of human papillomavirus in a cohort of female adolescents. | human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. while chlamydia infection has been associated with cervical cancer, the meaning of this association remains unclear. the authors' objective was to investigate this association by evaluating whether concurrent genital tract infections are associated with hpv persistence, a precursor to cervical cancer. interview data and biologic samples for hpv, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomon ... | 2005 | 16120706 |
| risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among bar and hotel workers in northern tanzania. | to determine risk factors for bacterial vaginosis (bv) among women working in the bars and hotels in moshi, northern tanzania. | 2005 | 16122097 |
| real-time pcr improves detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection compared with culture using self-collected vaginal swabs. | to compare a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with broth culture for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis using self-collected vaginal swabs. | 2005 | 16126499 |
| endometrial microbial colonization and plasma cell endometritis after spontaneous or indicated preterm versus term delivery. | this study was undertaken to determine whether endometrial microbial colonization or plasma cell endometritis is increased after spontaneous versus indicated preterm delivery or a spontaneous term delivery. | 2005 | 16150268 |
| qualitatively distinct patterns of cytokines are released by human dendritic cells in response to different pathogens. | dendritic cells produce cytokines that regulate the class of the adaptive immune response. microbial recognition is mediated, at least in part, by pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, which influence dendritic cell maturation. in humans it is not yet clear how intact pathogens modulate the developing immune response. to address the effects of intact pathogens on the maturation and effector functions of human dendritic cells, we investigated their responses to a number of mi ... | 2005 | 16162273 |
| adherence to human vaginal epithelial cells signals for increased expression of trichomonas vaginalis genes. | host parasitism by trichomonas vaginalis is complex, and the adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs) by trichomonads is preparatory to colonization of the vagina. since we showed increased synthesis of adhesins after contact with vecs (a. f. garcia, et al., mol. microbiol. 47:1207-1224, 2003) and more recently demonstrated up-regulated gene expression in vecs after parasite attachment (a. s. kucknoor, et al., cell. microbiol. 7:887-897, 2005), we hypothesized that enhanced expression of adhe ... | 2005 | 16177319 |
| the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among frequently screened sex workers in a decriminalised and regulated system in melbourne. | to determine the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (sti) among decriminalised and regulated sex workers in victoria. | 2005 | 16199747 |
| intranasal immunisation with a 62 kda proteinase combined with cholera toxin or cpg adjuvant protects against trichomonas vaginalis genital tract infections in mice. | trichomonosis, caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases and is widely spread in all continents. trichomonas vaginalis as well as other protozoan organisms have high levels of proteolitic activity mainly of the cysteine-proteinase type. this activity is necessary for recognition and adhesion of the parasite to the superficial epithelial cells of the host. in the present study, we show that intranasal immunisation with a 62 k ... | 2005 | 16202417 |
| detection of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis infection, and vaginal candida infection: a comparative study of methods of extracting exudates, with and without a speculum, during pregnancy. | to compare the collection of vaginal exudates with and without the use of a speculum to diagnose vaginal infections. | 2005 | 16205190 |
| the prevalence of trichomoniasis in young adults in the united states. | the prevalence of trichomoniasis in the general population of the united states is unknown. this study provides the first population-based prevalence estimates of trichomoniasis among young adults in the united states. | 2005 | 16205299 |
| [comparative assessment of the diagnostic value of the laboratory diagnostic methods for trichomoniasis]. | the authors compared the sensitivity and specificity of currently available methods for laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis, by examining 971 persons. the highest frequency of t. vaginalis was detected by studies of a stained smear (37.4%), culture tests (19.0%); polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (17.1%), immunofluorescence tests (12.7%), wet smear test (2.7%). enzyme immunoassay yielded positive results in 36.2% of cases. the use of pcr and culture tests frequently provided similar results (92 ... | 2005 | 16212090 |
| trichomonas vaginalis perturbs the junctional complex in epithelial cells. | trichomonas vaginalis, a protist parasite of the urogenital tract in humans, is the causative agent of trichomonosis, which in recent years have been associated with the cervical cancer development. in the present study we analyzed the modifications at the junctional complex level of caco-2 cells after interaction with two isolates of t. vaginalis and the influence of the iron concentration present in the parasite's culture medium on the interaction effects. our results show that t. vaginalis ad ... | 2005 | 16212877 |
| the clinical outcome of 137 rape victims in hong kong. | from 1 august 2001 to 31 july 2004, 137 patients were referred from the association concerning sexual violence against women to the accident and emergency department at the kwong wah hospital for alleged rape. approximately half of the patients presented within 3 days of the alleged assault. fifty-one patients were prescribed emergency contraception: one patient remained pregnant despite treatment and was referred with a further six patients to the gynaecology department for termination of pregn ... | 2005 | 16219959 |
| sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in parasitic protozoa. | sulfur-containing amino acids play indispensable roles in a wide variety of biological activities including protein synthesis, methylation, and biosynthesis of polyamines and glutathione. biosynthesis and catabolism of these amino acids need to be carefully regulated to achieve the requirement of the above-mentioned activities and also to eliminate toxicity attributable to the amino acids. genome-wide analyses of enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids, includ ... | 2005 | 16230102 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: identification of a triacylglycerol acylhydrolase. | this work describes the identification of a triacylglycerol lipase named tvlip directly onto blood-lb-agar plates by hemolytic screening of a trichomonas vaginalis cdna expression library. sharing significant similarity in the primary sequence with other lipases, the theoretical 3d structure of the tvlip was resolved. the structure reveals the predictive conserved characteristics of other lipases from ec3.1.1.3 group, although presenting one amino acid change in the catalytic triad ser-his-asp. ... | 2005 | 16236283 |
| diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection: the sensitivities and specificities of microscopy, culture and pcr assay. | the aim of this study was to compare wet mount-, giemsa stain-, acridine orange fluorescent stain-, cultivation- and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approaches to establish which method or combination of methods was most effective in the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis. | 2006 | 16249051 |
| kinetics of immunoglobulin g, m, a and igg subclass responses in experimental intravaginal trichomoniasis: prominence of igg1 response. | trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease, is caused by infection with the protist trichomonas vaginalis. the clinical spectrum varies from an asymptomatic state to mild, moderate or severe symptoms. however, the exact factors leading to varied symptomatology have not been well elucidated. the mouse is a useful experimental model for intravaginal trichomoniasis, for understanding the role of local immune responses in the pathogenesis and varied symptomatology of this ... | 2005 | 16255745 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole bioisosteres. | a series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives with various 5- and 6-position bioisosteric substituents (-cl, -f, -cf3, -cn), namely 1-7, were prepared using a short synthetic route. each analogue was tested in vitro against the protozoa giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis in comparison with albendazole and metronidazole. several analogues had ic50 values < 1 microm against both species, which make them significantly more potent than either standard. compound 4 [2,5(6)-b ... | 2006 | 16260067 |
| microbial isolates and hiv infection in couples attending fertility clinics in sagamu, nigeria. | this observational study was designed to determine the prevalence of hiv infection and the microbial isolates from the genital tracts of couples attending the fertility clinics of olabisi onabanjo university teaching hospital, sagamu, ogun state, nigeria between january 2001 and december 2002. a total of 110 women and 49 of their male partners were recruited into the study. the majority of the patients were between 25 and 34 years (women: 71.8%; partners: 65.3%), though the men were significantl ... | 2005 | 16263544 |
| trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan mutants have reduced adherence and cytotoxicity to human ectocervical cells. | the extracellular human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis is covered by a dense glycocalyx thought to play a role in host-parasite interactions. the main component of the glycocalyx is lipophosphoglycan (lpg), a polysaccharide anchored in the plasma membrane by inositol phosphoceramide. to study the role of lpg in trichomonads, we produced t. vaginalis lpg mutants by chemical mutagenesis and lectin selection and characterized them using morphological, biochemical, and functional assays. two indepen ... | 2005 | 16278462 |
| prevalence, incidence, natural history, and response to treatment of trichomonas vaginalis infection among adolescent women. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is a sexually transmitted infection (sti) linked with reproductive health complications. however, few data exist concerning the epidemiologic profile of this pathogen in adolescent women, a group at high risk for other stis. | 2005 | 16288365 |
| the 5s ribosomal rna gene from the early diverging protozoa trichomonas vaginalis. | | 2006 | 16300840 |
| alternative pathway of metronidazole activation in trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. | metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles are the only available drugs in the treatment of human urogenital trichomoniasis caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. the drugs are activated to cytotoxic anion radicals by their reduction within the hydrogenosomes. it has been established that electrons required for metronidazole activation are released from pyruvate by the activity of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and transferred to the drug by a low-redox-potential carrier, f ... | 2005 | 16304169 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some new synthetic substituted quinoxalines. | a series of 29 new quinoxalines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro against several parasites (leishmania donovani, trypanosoma brucei brucei, and trichomonas vaginalis). several of them displayed interesting activities, and particularly four quinoxaline amides showed in vitro antileishmanial properties (ic50 less than 20 microm). | 2006 | 16309903 |
| laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in estonia in 2001-2002: shortcomings with impact on diagnostic quality and surveillance. | the objectives of this study were to comprehensively characterize the range, content, and performance of sexually transmitted infection (sti) testing services in estonia during the period 2001 to 2002 and to determine if the observed diagnostic laboratory practices and methods adhered to international evidence-based recommendations. | 2005 | 16314773 |
| aetiology of sexually transmitted infections and response to syndromic treatment in southwest uganda. | to determine the aetiology of genital ulcers and discharges in rural south western uganda and to assess response to syndromic treatment. | 2005 | 16326853 |
| characterization of specific trichomonas vaginalis target antigens from different isolates by immunoblotting against hyperimmune rabbit serum. | the sds-page and immunoblot methods were used to identify trichomonas vaginalis specific target antigen(s). ten t. vaginalis isolates, cultured on tym media, were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), revealed 34 distinct bands. immunoblotting against a hyperimmune rabbit serum, showed 20 reactive bands ranging from 14-205 kda. there was isolate to isolate variability among 8 isolates, while 2 isolates (6,7) showed a similar antigenic patterns. imuno ... | 2005 | 16333897 |
| trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge in jeddah city, saudi arabia. | during the year of 2003, vaginal discharge specimens were collected from 1767 women aged (15-50) in 6 cardinal hospitals in jeddah city of saudi arabia. the samples were examined for trichomonas vaginalis, a prevalence rate of 12 (0.7%) were positive. demographic characters did not show significant relation to the infection rate. all accompanied symptoms were insignificant (p>0.05) except the vaginal consistency which was significant (p<0.05). the studied risk factors were insignificant to the t ... | 2005 | 16333911 |
| [the correlation of inflammation and epithelial changes in the pap smears of cervix uteri]. | a modification of the bethesda system classification of cytologic findings of uterine cervix named zagreb 1990 has been accepted in croatia as a unique classification, the use of which has begun after the publication and printing of the new, uniform method of cytologic examination. aim: the aim of this study was to assess the number and type of cytologic abnormalities of uterine cervix classified according to zagreb 1990, on routinely examined pap smears during the 6-year period, and to investig ... | 2005 | 16334735 |
| diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (sti) using self-collected non-invasive specimens. | paramount in control of transmission of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is their prompt recognition and appropriate treatment. in countries where definitive diagnoses are difficult, a 'syndromic approach' to management of stis is recommended and practiced, yet many stis have common symptoms or are asymptomatic and therefore go undetected and untreated. this is of particular concern with the recognition that hiv transmission is increased with co-existent stis: the attributable risk for eac ... | 2004 | 16334994 |
| evaluation of cervical smears at king hussein medical centre, jordan, over three and a half years. | cervical smears taken from women referred for a check-up or with vaginal itching/discharge over a period of 3.5 years were reviewed at the king hussein medical centre, jordan. all smears were fixed with 96% alcohol, stained with papanicolaou stain and screened microscopically. of the smears from 1176 women aged 18-70 years, 4.5% were classified as inadequate, 7.7% were normal and 79.9% showed non-specific inflammation. abnormal vaginal flora was found in 4.8% of cases, candida albicans in 1.2%, ... | 2004 | 16335662 |
| comparison of conventional testing to polymerase chain reaction in detection of trichomonas vaginalis in indigenous women living in remote areas. | there are high rates of trichomonas vaginalis in remote areas of central australia. conventional tests for t. vaginalis have low sensitivity in this setting. aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of t. vaginalis, to assess the presence of clinical signs and symptoms, to compare a t. vaginalis polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test with conventional methods of diagnosis, and to compare the pcr from different samples, including self-collected swabs (scs). of 205 women recruited, the prev ... | 2005 | 16336764 |
| reducing risk exposures to zero and not having multiple partners: findings that inform evidence-based practices designed to prevent std acquisition. | our objective was to assess prospectively the relative contribution of reducing penile-vaginal risk exposure to zero and limiting the number of sex partners to one, on the acquisition of biologically confirmed sexually transmitted disease (std) among african american women adolescents. data from a prospective cohort of 522 african american women adolescents enrolled in an hiv prevention trial were used. baseline std testing and single-dose directly observable treatment provided an infection-free ... | 2005 | 16336765 |
| in vitro activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against metronidazole-resistant and -susceptible strains of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease with worldwide significance. trichomoniasis can be treated with metronidazole; however, resistant strains of t. vaginalis have been isolated and there is a lack of useful alternative drugs. the aim of the present study was to examine the activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (hepc; miltefosine), a membrane-active alkylphospholipid, that is licensed as an antileishmanial agent against t. vaginalis. | 2006 | 16344287 |
| effect of a killer toxin of yeast on eucaryotic systems. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae killer toxin kt 28, which inhibits sensitive yeasts, was shown to have no effect on several pathogenic fungi or on the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. at concentrations of about 0.1 mg/ml, a partial inhibition of the skin pathogenic fungi trichophyton rubrum and microsporum canis was observed at ph 6.5. no pharmacological activity was detected in various tests with several animal organs. | 1988 | 16347605 |
| apoptosis of macrophages induced by trichomonas vaginalis through the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that locates at downstream of mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. | trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite, is the causative organism of trichomoniasis. we have recently demonstrated that t. vaginalis induces apoptotic cell death via a bcl-x(l)-dependent pathway in raw264.7 macrophages. in this study, we attempted to characterize in detail the signaling cascades resulting in t. vaginalis-induced macrophage apoptosis, focusing particularly on mitochondrial changes and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 mapk) activation. we foun ... | 2006 | 16360334 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in and around surat. | trichomonas culture method was used for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis along with gram staining and wet mount preparation. we selected 51 urban women and 51 rural women in this study. samples were taken from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. out of 102 samples 35 samples were positive for trichomonas vaginalis by culture method. 20 women were positive for trichomonas vaginalis by wet mount and 15 by gram staining technique. so it is a fact that culture of trichomonas vaginalis is a ... | 2005 | 16366122 |
| sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in yunnan, china. | a cross-sectional prevalence survey of sexually transmitted infections (stis) was conducted among female sex workers (fsws) in kunming, yunnan province, china. a total of 505 fsws participated in the survey. all eligible participants gave informed consent. demographic, behavioral, and clinical information of the participants was gathered by direct structured interviews. tampon swabs were collected to test for chlamydia trachomatis, nesseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis and serum specim ... | 2005 | 16375618 |
| 5-nitroimidazole drugs effective against metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis and giardia duodenalis. | metronidazole (mz)-resistant giardia and trichomonas were inhibited by 1 of 30 new 5-nitroimidazole drugs. another five drugs were effective against some but not all of the mz-resistant parasites. this study provides the incentive for the continued design of 5-nitroimidazole drugs to bypass cross-resistance among established 5-nitromidazole antiparasitic drugs. | 2006 | 16377707 |
| premature with trichomoniasis: report of one case. | we report a case of an extremely-low-birth-weight premature infant with trichomonas vaginalis infection of the vagina and urinary tract. her mother is also infected with trichomonas vaginalis but is asymptomatic. the patient's illness started as an asymptomatic pyuria and later on at early infancy developed profuse malodorous vaginal discharge. her vaginal discharge was positive for trichomonas vaginalis, both on wet mount and papanicolaou smear, and the infection responded well to treatment wit ... | 2005 | 16381336 |
| pyruvate-phosphate dikinase of oxymonads and parabasalia and the evolution of pyrophosphate-dependent glycolysis in anaerobic eukaryotes. | in pyrophosphate-dependent glycolysis, the atp/adp-dependent enzymes phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase are replaced by the pyrophosphate-dependent pfk and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk), respectively. this variant of glycolysis is widespread among bacteria, but it also occurs in a few parasitic anaerobic eukaryotes such as giardia and entamoeba spp. we sequenced two genes for ppdk from the amitochondriate oxymonad streblomastix strix and found evidence for ppdk in trichomonas vag ... | 2006 | 16400177 |
| sexually transmitted infections, blood-borne viruses and risk behaviour in an australian senior high school population--the shlirp study. | to determine the feasibility and acceptability of screening for sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses and to study the profile of sexual activity and other risk behaviours in a senior high school population. | 2005 | 16402670 |
| bacterial vaginosis in female sex workers in chennai, india. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) causes obstetric and gynaecological complications and non-chlamydial/non-gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease and has been shown to be associated with the risk of acquiring hiv and herpes simplex (hsv)-2 infections. this study investigated both the prevalence of bv and its association with stds among 582 female sex workers living in chennai, south india. blood, vaginal and endocervical swabs were tested for hsv-2, hiv, treponema pallidum, bv, chlamydia trachomatis, nei ... | 2005 | 16402677 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection in cuban trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | trichomonas vaginalis can be infected with double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses designated t. vaginalis virus (tvv), which may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. we tested for tvv in 40 fresh t. vaginalis isolates from cuban patients by total extraction of nucleic acids (dna and rna). tvv was detected in 22 (55%) of the 40 t. vaginalis isolates. this gives an estimate of the infection rate of cuban t. vaginalis isolates by the dsrna virus. future resea ... | 2006 | 16410949 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: paradigm of a successful sexually transmitted organism. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) is one of the most successful protozoan pathogens and one of the most common sexually transmitted organism in females, yet it is also one of the most poorly investigated. by producing a wide array of glycosidases and cysteine proteinase enzymes, the organism can easily adapt to the environment, harvesting host proteins and dna for metabolism. with the ability to cause lesions, vaginitis and acute inflammatory disease of the genital mucosa, tv acts as a potential cataly ... | 2005 | 16411380 |
| isolation, identification and sensitivity pattern of microorganisms isolated from the urine of pregnant women. | the present studies were conducted to detect and identify the microorganism from the urine of pregnant women having urinary tract infection. the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolated microorganisms was also determined. the microorganisms found responsible for the infection were bacteria, fungi, yeast and protozoa. among the bacteria two were identified as gram-positive cocci i.e. staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis, the remaining two were gram-negative bacilli which were escherichia c ... | 1994 | 16414749 |
| high-resolution structure of recombinant trichomonas vaginalis thioredoxin. | the structure of thioredoxin from the anaerobic organism trichomonas vaginalis (tvtrx) has been determined at 1.9 angstroms resolution. the structure is that of a typical thioredoxin: a five-stranded beta-sheet structure with two alpha-helices on either side. the active site of the protein carries a trp-cys-gly-pro-cys motif, residues 34-38, at the n-terminus of an alpha-helix (alpha2). the cysteine residues in this motif form a redox-active disulfide necessary for thioredoxin activity. with hig ... | 2006 | 16421453 |
| consideration for empiric trichomonas vaginalis treatment among selected high-risk hiv-infected female populations with concurrent neisseria gonorrhea or chlamydia trachomatis cervical infections. | | 2006 | 16432485 |
| trichomoniasis and its treatment. | trichomonas vaginalis has long been recognized as a cause of infectious vaginitis in women. more recently, studies have demonstrated a significant burden of disease in men with urethritis or men at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases. there is increasing interest in this pathogen as more data accumulates linking it to hiv transmission and perinatal morbidity. new diagnostic methods have emerged that may increase sensitivity of diagnosis or improve point-of-care access to testing. nitroim ... | 2006 | 16441214 |
| [the implication of trichomoniasis and giardiasis in the development of inflammatory diseases of small pelvic organs]. | | 2005 | 16445233 |
| a novel surface protein of trichomonas vaginalis is regulated independently by low iron and contact with vaginal epithelial cells. | trichomonosis caused by trichomonas vaginalis is the number one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (std) that affects more than 250 million people worldwide. immunoglobulin a (iga) has been implicated in resistance to mucosal infections by pathogens. no reports are available of iga-reactive proteins and the role, if any, of this class of antibody in the control of this std. the availability of an iga monoclonal antibody (mab) immunoreactive to trichomonads by whole cell (wc)-elisa prompted ... | 2006 | 16448556 |
| microbicidal spermicide or spermicidal microbicide? | vaginal contraception, the oldest method of fertility regulation that remained virtually forgotten for a few decades has recently come under focal review due to an increase in stds and hiv infections worldwide. today it is being considered very strongly that a conceptual microbicidal spermicide can tender protection against pregnancy as well as stds (including aids), simultaneously. however the two activities (spermicidal and microbicidal) need to be integrated in vaginal preparations, as many w ... | 2005 | 16448947 |
| the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocyte treated with metronidazole in vitro. | 5-nitroimidazoles are a group of antiprotozoal and antibacterial agents. thanks to their antimicrobial activity, these chemotherapeutic agents inhibit the growth of both anaerobic bacteria and certain anaerobic protozoa. one of the useful drugs used in the treatment of infections caused by trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia is metronidazole (mtz). the mutagenicity of metronidazole [1-(hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] has been previously shown in different p ... | 2006 | 16455592 |
| use of an adaptation of a commercially available pcr assay aimed at diagnosis of chlamydia and gonorrhea to detect trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital specimens. | trichomonas vaginalis pcr using reagents from a commercially available assay for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated for detection of infection in women and men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. evaluations included three primer sets, endocervical swabs, vaginal swabs and urine, and various storage conditions. the tvk3/tvk7 primer set was optimal in our hands with sensitivities ranging from 69.5 to 96.8%. in all comparisons, t. vaginalis pcr performed bet ... | 2006 | 16455885 |
| midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with chlamydia trachomatis: association with subsequent preterm delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis. | the objective of the study was to estimate whether midpregnancy genitourinary tract infection with chlamydia trachomatis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent preterm delivery. | 2006 | 16458652 |
| association of condom use, sexual behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections with the duration of genital human papillomavirus infection among adolescent women. | to examine the association of potentially modifiable factors such as condom use, sexual behaviors, and concurrent sexually transmitted infections with duration of genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infections among adolescent women. | 2006 | 16461870 |
| [exogenous and endogenous infections of genital tract]. | the paper is an overview of etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics and treatment of genital tract infections. infections caused by trichomonas vaginalis, fungi candida, saccharomyces and geotrichum are discussed as well as syphilis, gonorrhea and infections with chlamydia, mycoplasms and ureaplasms. the problem of vaginal dysbacteriosis and mixed infections is pointed out. | 2005 | 16463706 |
| persistent increase in the incidence of acute male urethritis diagnosed in general practices in france. | at-risk sexual behaviour seems to have increased in europe, possibly due to the reassuring efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatments. | 2006 | 16464324 |
| the spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities of ssri antidepressants. | the study investigated spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) antidepressants with a view to generate new lead for development of dual-function spermicidal microbicides, which is an urgent global need. fluoxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine exhibited both spermicidal and anti-sti (antitrichomonas) activities in vitro, whereas paroxetine and citalopram showed only the spermicidal activity. fluoxetine exhibited better activity profile than the ... | 2006 | 16464584 |
| multifarious transcriptional regulation of adhesion protein gene ap65-1 by a novel myb1 protein in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | the transcription efficiency of an adhesion protein gene, ap65-1, in trichomonas vaginalis varies with changes in the iron supply and with the growth stage. in the present study, two myb recognition elements, mre-1/mre-2r and mre-2f, were found to play antagonistic roles in regulating the iron-inducible activity of an ap65-1 reporter gene. intriguingly, either of these elements was shown to be sufficient to repress basal activity, but together they were also shown to activate growth-related acti ... | 2006 | 16467479 |
| decline in sexually transmitted infection prevalence and hiv incidence in female barworkers attending prevention and care services in mbeya region, tanzania. | to assess trends in sexually transmitted infection (sti) prevalence and hiv incidence and associated factors in a cohort of female barworkers exposed to behavioural interventions and sti screening and treatment. | 2006 | 16470126 |
| results of longterm hospital based cytological screening in asymptomatic women. | routine cytological screening has been carried out in 27,062 asymptomatic women attending gynaec and family planning o.p.d. of queen mary's hospital, lucknow, india (april 1971-december 2004). incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesion (sil) was found to be 5.9% in the series, while cervical malignancy was seen in 0.6% of cases. the study highlighted the immense utility of cytological screening in minimizing the incidence of carcinoma cervix in the segment of the urban population screened, as ... | 2006 | 16470854 |
| phylogenetic positions of several amitochondriate protozoa--evidence from phylogenetic analysis of dna topoisomerase ii. | several groups of parasitic protozoa, as represented by giardia, trichomonas, entamoeba and microsporida, were once widely considered to be the most primitive extant eukaryotic group--archezoa. the main evidence for this is their 'lacking mitochondria' and possessing some other primitive features between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and being basal to all eukaryotes with mitochondria in phylogenies inferred from many molecules. some authors even proposed that these organisms diverged before the e ... | 2005 | 16483135 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents in kampala, uganda, and theoretical models for improving syndromic management. | to estimate the prevalence of treatable sexually transmitted infections (sti) in adolescents visiting a youth health clinic. to evaluate the algorithm for management of the abnormal vaginal discharge (avd) syndrome recommended in uganda's national guidelines and compare it with other theoretical flowchart models. | 2006 | 16488818 |
| throwing the dice for the diagnosis of vaginal complaints? | vaginitis is among the most common conditions women are seeking medical care for. although these infections can easily be treated, the relapse rate is high. this may be due to inadequate use of the diagnostic potential. | 2006 | 16503990 |
| structure of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase. | l-methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) dependent enzyme that catalyzes gamma-elimination of l-methionine. the crystal structure of mgl from citrobacter freundii has been determined at 1.9 a resolution. the spatial fold of the protein is similar to those of mgls from pseudomonas putida and trichomonas vaginalis. the comparison of these structures revealed that there are differences in plp-binding residues and positioning of the surrounding flexible loops. | 2005 | 16511092 |
| association of genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 and hiv-1 among sex workers in rural zimbabwe. | herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) facilitates sexual acquisition of hiv-1 but data on transmission are less clear. in this study the interaction between genital shedding of hiv-1 and hsv-2 was explored among zimbabwean sex workers. | 2006 | 16511420 |
| split-sample analysis of discarded cells from liquid-based pap smear sampling devices. | to examine cells that were retained on sampling devices used to collect thinprep (cytyc corp., boxborough, massachusetts, u.s.a) pap smears in order to evaluate both the number and significance of cells that are routinely discarded with these devices after liquid-based specimens are collected. | 2006 | 16514841 |
| hydrogenosomal succinyl-coa synthetase from the rumen-dwelling fungus neocallimastix patriciarum; an energy-producing enzyme of mitochondrial origin. | hydrogenosomes are hydrogen-producing organelles that are related to mitochondria and found in a variety of evolutionarily unrelated anaerobic microbial eukaryotes. similar to classic mitochondria, hydrogenosomes contain the enzyme catalyzing the only reaction of the citric acid cycle directly producing energy; succinyl-coa synthetase. we have isolated and characterized the genes encoding both subunits of this enzyme from the anaerobic chytrid fungus neocallimastix patriciarum, a model organism ... | 2006 | 16515848 |
| fe-hydrogenase maturases in the hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis. | assembly of active fe-hydrogenase in the chloroplasts of the green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires auxiliary maturases, the s-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzymes hydg and hyde and the gtpase hydf. genes encoding homologous maturases had been found in the genomes of all eubacteria that contain fe-hydrogenase genes but not yet in any other eukaryote. by means of proteomic analysis, we identified a homologue of hydg in the hydrogenosomes, mitochondrion-related organelles that produce hydro ... | 2006 | 16524912 |
| nitric oxide radicals in leucocytes and vaginal washes of trichomonas vaginalis -infected symptomatic and asymptomatic women. | the clinical spectrum of trichomonas vaginalis infection varies from asymptomatic to mild, moderate or severe vaginitis. nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen radicals produced by immune effector cells are important cytotoxic and cytostatic mediators against several microorganisms including parasites. in the present study, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) were determined in leucocyte cultures (stimulated with t. vaginalis in vitro) and vaginal w ... | 2006 | 16529664 |
| patient-delivered partner treatment for trichomonas vaginalis infection: a randomized controlled trial. | infections with trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are common and recurrence rates are high. better methods of treating partners of women with trichomoniasis are needed. | 2006 | 16531939 |
| evolution of four gene families with patchy phylogenetic distributions: influx of genes into protist genomes. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) in eukaryotes from non-organellar sources is a controversial subject in need of further study. here we present gene distribution and phylogenetic analyses of the genes encoding the hybrid-cluster protein, a-type flavoprotein, glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase, and alcohol dehydrogenase e. these four genes have a limited distribution among sequenced prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes and were previously implicated in gene transfer events affecting eukaryotes. if our pr ... | 2006 | 16551352 |
| sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in fuzhou, china. | to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis) among women attending an antenatal clinic in urban china and to show whether reported symptoms and findings on clinical examination predicted stis in this population. | 2006 | 16554698 |
| the nutrition of protozoa: i. a simplified medium for the investigation of unknown factors in blood serum essential for the sustained growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | | 1947 | 16561291 |
| the nutrition of protozoa: ii. the separation of human blood serum into two fractions, both essential for the sustained growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | | 1947 | 16561292 |
| the nutrition of protozoa: iii. an improved procedure for separating human blood serum into the two fractions essential for the sustained growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | | 1948 | 16561445 |
| [rna interference to the expression of peroxiredoxin-related genes in trichomonas vaginalis]. | to inhibit the expression of the target genes of peroxiredoxin (prx) and thioredoxin reductase (trxr) by rna interference and evaluate its effect on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2005 | 16566216 |
| two methods of self-sampling compared to clinician sampling to detect reproductive tract infections in gugulethu, south africa. | to assess the validity, feasibility, and acceptability of 2 methods of self-sampling compared to clinician sampling during a speculum examination. | 2006 | 16572041 |
| [gynaecological and obstetrical aspects of recurrent urinary tract infections]. | the microbial colonization of vulva, vagina and cervix uteri represents the reservoir for recurrent urinary tract infection. all bacterial species of normal cutaneous or gastrointestinal flora can be found in the external genital tract even under physiological conditions. the higher concentration of microbes adds to the predisposition for urinary tract infection in cases of dysbiosis or inflammation, apart from specific infection by trichomonas vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia trach ... | 2006 | 16586054 |
| examination of urine for bacteria and parasites among elder persons in the rural area, in dammam district. | the asymptomatic bacteria and parasites in urines were studied in elder persons living in the rural areas of dammam district. complete history taking, clinical examination, urine analysis and culture, blood glucose level and haemoglobins in gm were performed for 43 elders of both sexes. the bacteria detected in urine in a descending order were klebsiella sp. staphyloccocus sp., escherichia coli and pseudomonas sp. the parasites detected were only trichomonas vaginalis in three diabetic females. ... | 2006 | 16605119 |
| hydrogenosomes and symbiosis. | | 2006 | 16623392 |
| use of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates to evaluate correlation of gene expression and metronidazole resistance. | we investigated whether variations in gene expression of enzymes associated with anaerobic resistance of laboratory-derived strains of trichomonas vaginalis could be detected in a group of 28 clinical isolates with variations in metronidazole sensitivity. we compared isolates by real-time pcr because this method allows for highly sensitive quantification of mrna and for evaluation of several genes simultaneously. we found that pfor gene a mrna levels were highly correlated with pfor gene b level ... | 2006 | 16629339 |
| variation in vaginal immune parameters and microbial hydrolytic enzymes in bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women with and without mobiluncus species. | this study was undertaken to assess if levels of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), il-8, sialidase, prolidase and immunoglobulin a against gardenerella vaginalis hemolysin (anti-gvh iga) in vaginal secretions differ between bv+ women with (m+) and without (m-) mobiluncus spp. | 2006 | 16643824 |
| cytotoxic potential of cervical mucus on trichomonas vaginalis to prevent upper genital tract infections. | | 2006 | 16680275 |
| cervical smear participation and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in women attending a community-controlled indigenous health service in north queensland. | to increase pap smear participation and to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (sti) in urban indigenous women in townsville. | 2006 | 16681340 |
| the associations between pelvic inflammatory disease, trichomonas vaginalis infection, and positive herpes simplex virus type 2 serology. | roles for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in pelvic inflammatory disease pathogenesis are well delineated; however, the etiologic contributions of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and trichomonas vaginalis have been underexplored. | 2006 | 16691155 |
| development of a nonhuman primate model for trichomonas vaginalis infection. | trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis, is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection associated with increased risk of hiv infection. an animal model of t. vaginalis infection would enable scientists to further investigate trichomoniasis. | 2006 | 16691156 |
| genotyping trichomonas vaginalis. | a genotyping method has been developed to distinguish each trichomonas vaginalis isolate and has provided the first genome mapping studies of this protist with an estimated 180mb genome. the technique was developed using high molecular weight dna prepared from five laboratory isolates from australia and usa and 20 clinical isolates from south africa. inhibition of the notorious t. vaginalis endogenous nucleases by addition of potent inhibitors was essential to the success of this study. chromoso ... | 2006 | 16698025 |
| plasma antibodies against trichomonas vaginalis and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. | although several previous case-control studies have investigated associations between sexually transmitted infections (sti) and prostate cancer, most have focused on gonorrhea and syphilis, two well-recognized, symptomatic stis. another sti of interest for prostate carcinogenesis is trichomonosis, a less well recognized and frequently asymptomatic sti with known prostate involvement. we investigated this infection in relation to incident prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the ... | 2006 | 16702374 |
| mycoplasma hominis and trichomonas vaginalis: a unique case of symbiotic relationship between two obligate human parasites. | mollicutes are the smallest and simplest self-replicating microorganisms. despite the minimal genome and apparent lack of complexity, mycoplasmas show a high degree of adaptation to the most diverse environments. mycoplasma hominis is a human sexually transmitted mycoplasma which is able to establish a biological association with trichomonas vaginalis, a pathogenic flagellated protist. m. hominis and t. vaginalis share the same specific natural niche, the human genitourinary tract. symbiotic rel ... | 2006 | 16720288 |
| readily treatable reproductive tract infections and preterm birth among black women. | this study sought to quantify the risks of preterm birth that are ascribable to potentially treatable reproductive tract infections among black women in denver, colorado. | 2006 | 16731091 |