| molecular cloning and spatiotemporal expression of an apetala1/fruitfull-like mads-box gene from the orchid (cymbidium faberi). | in order to identify genes involved in floral transition and development of the orchid species, a full-length apetala1/fruitfull-like (ap1/ful-like) mads box cdna was cloned from cymbidium faberi (c. faberi) sepals and designated as c. faberi apetala1-like (cfap11], jq031272.1). the deduced amino acid sequence of cfap11 shared 84% homology with a member of the ap1/ful-like group of mads box genes (ay927238.1, dendrobium thyrsiflorum ful-like mads box protein 3 mrna). phylogenetic analysis shows ... | 2013 | 23697165 |
| oviposition behavior of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) on different rice cultivars in louisiana. | the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is a pest of a variety of graminaceous crops in the southern united states, including sugarcane, maize, and rice in louisiana. this study examined several aspects of d. saccharalis oviposition behavior on rice (oryza sativa). the vertical distribution of egg masses on four phenological stages of rice in the field showed that d. saccharalis prefers to oviposit on the uppermost portions of rice plants, regardless of plant stage. in greenhouse choice ... | 2012 | 22732615 |
| rice tillering and yield as affected by artificial and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) culm injury. | a 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the tillering and yield response of rice, oryza sativa l., whose culms were injured artificially or by larval sugarcane borers, diatraea saccharalis (f.). artificially injured plants produced approximately 0.49 more tillers than uninjured plants, similar to what has previously been reported for larval injured plants. in contrast, artificial injury did not affect yield per tiller, whereas larval injury did. the proximity of larval injury to the panicle had a ... | 2010 | 20388284 |
| tolerance and compensatory response of rice to sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) injury. | a 3-yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the tolerance and compensatory response of rice (oryza sativa l.) to injury caused by sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), as affected by cultivar (cocodrie, francis, and jefferson), stage of crop growth during which the injury occurred (third tiller stage, panicle differentiation stage, and heading stage), and sugarcane borer density. the proportion of rice tillers with sugarcane borer injury (leaf and leaf sheath injury and/or stem injur ... | 2008 | 18559187 |
| resistance to stem borers (lepidoptera: crambidae) among texas rice cultivars. | a 4-yr field study was conducted to assess the resistance of rice, oryza sativa l., cultivars to injury from the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), and the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar) (both lepidoptera: crambidae). several cultivars showed reduced levels of injury ('clxl8', 'xl8', 'wells', 'cheniere', and 'xp710' in 2003; clxl8, xp723, cheniere, and 'cl161' in 2004) and lower stem borer yield loss (clxl8 in 2004) than the more susceptible 'priscilla'. the resistant clxl8 ... | 2006 | 17066824 |
| identification of two phytotoxins, blumenol a and grasshopper ketone, in the allelopathic japanese rice variety awaakamai. | aqueous methanol extracts of the traditional rice (oryza sativa) variety awaakamai, which is known to have the greatest allelopathic activity among japanese traditional rice varieties, inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), timothy (phleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis, lolium multiflorum and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition, suggesting that the extract of awaakamai contains growth in ... | 2012 | 22364828 |
| bioinformatics study of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglotaryl-coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) gene in gramineae. | isoprenoids or terpenoids are synthesized by two important units' including dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp). plants use two different methods for formation of ipp, which is a cytosolic and a plastidial method. the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmgr, ec 1.1.1.34) catalyzes the conversion of hmg-coa to mevalonate, which is the first stage in the cytosolic pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenoid in plants. in this study, a total of fifty hmgr protein sequences ... | 2012 | 22722993 |
| interference of allelopathic rice with paddy weeds at the root level. | despite increasing knowledge of the involvement of allelopathy in negative interactions among plants, relatively little is known about its action at the root level. this study aims to enhance understanding of interactions of roots between a crop and associated weeds via allelopathy. based on a series of experiments with window rhizoboxes and root segregation methods, we examined root placement patterns and root interactions between allelopathic rice and major paddy weeds cyperus difformis, echin ... | 2017 | 28218979 |
| barnyard grasses were processed with rice around 10000 years ago. | rice (oryza sativa) is regarded as the only grass that was selected for cultivation and eventual domestication in the yangtze basin of china. although both macro-fossils and micro-fossils of rice have been recovered from the early neolithic site of shangshan, dating to more than 10,000 years before present (bp), we report evidence of phytolith and starch microfossils taken from stone tools, both for grinding and cutting, and cultural layers, that indicating barnyard grass (echinochloa spp.) was ... | 2015 | 26536839 |
| competition between rice (oryza sativa l.) and (barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) p. beauv.) as affected by methanol foliar application. | pot experiment was conducted in iran, to evaluate the effect of methanol on competition between rice (oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). the experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a factorial treatment arrangement and three replicates. factors were two aqueous methanol foliar applications (0, and 14% v/v) and five rice: barnyardgrass ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:6, and 0:100). replacement series diagrams for aboveground dry weight illustrate ... | 2015 | 26062115 |
| isolation and identification of an allelopathic phenylethylamine in rice. | allelopathy is the process whereby an organic chemical (allelochemical) released from one plant influences the growth and development of other plants. allelochemicals produced by specific rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars have potential to manage barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli l.), a major yield-limiting weed species in rice production systems in asia and north america. in this study, isolation and identification of an allelopathic compound, n-trans-cinnamoyltyramine (ntct), in a vietname ... | 2014 | 25212867 |
| the effect of salinity on chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients in common weeds of coastal rice fields in malaysia. | six weed species (leptochola chinensis, echinochloa crus-galli, echinochloa colona, jussiaea linifolia, oryza sativa (weedy rice) and cyperus iria) were tested for their salt tolerant traits in terms of chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation against different salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 ds m(-1)). chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation were determined. salt stress showed prominent effect on all the parameters i ... | 2014 | 25204059 |
| [occurrence and ecological consequences of transgenic rice gene flow: a review]. | china is one of the origin centers of rice (oryza sativa), with a distribution of abundant wild rice germplasm resources. since the biosafety certificates were issued to bt transgenic rice containing cry1ac gene against lepidopteran pests, concerns are raised on the gene flow from transgenic rice to its wild relatives. this paper reviewed the occurrence of transgenic rice gene flow and its potential ecological consequences. most studies suggested that transgenic rice could successfully hybridize ... | 2012 | 22937665 |
| genetic evidence for natural product-mediated plant-plant allelopathy in rice (oryza sativa). | • there is controversy as to whether specific natural products play a role in directly mediating antagonistic plant-plant interactions - that is, allelopathy. if proved to exist, such phenomena would hold considerable promise for agronomic improvement of staple food crops such as rice (oryza sativa). • however, while substantiated by the presence of phytotoxic compounds at potentially relevant concentrations, demonstrating a direct role for specific natural products in allelopathy has been diffi ... | 2012 | 22150231 |
| breeding of commercially acceptable allelopathic rice cultivars in china. | one promising area of paddy weed control is the potential for exploiting the weed-suppressing ability of rice. this study was conducted to develop commercially acceptable allelopathic rice cultivars using crosses between allelopathic rice variety pi312777 and commercial chinese cultivars (n2s, n9s, huahui354, peiai64s and tehuazhan35), and to assess their weed suppression and grain yield in paddy fields in relation to their parents. | 2011 | 21520392 |
| contribution of momilactone a and b to rice allelopathy. | eight cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) inhibited shoot and root growth of echinochloa crus-galli when co-cultured with rice seedlings in a bioassay medium. momilactone a and b were found in the bioassay medium of all rice cultivars, and concentrations of momilactone a and b in the medium were 0.21-1.5 and 0.66-3.8 micromol/l, respectively, indicating that all rice cultivars may secrete momilactone a and b into the medium. exogenously applied momilactone a and b inhibited the growth of shoots ... | 2010 | 20170980 |
| aromatic-ring-functionalised benzoxazinones in the system oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli as biorational herbicide models. | barnyardgrass, echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv., is one of the most problematic weeds occurring in rice crops. although efficient chemical control is provided by herbicides available on the market, resistant biotypes provoked by pressure selection have appeared in recent times. this emphasises the need for alternative treatments in which herbicidal compounds from a natural origin could be included. | 2009 | 19551813 |
| [changes of microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities in rice-barnyard grass coexisted soils]. | taking barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli), allelopathic rice (oryza sativa) pi312777, and non-allelopathic rice liaojing-9 as test materials, this paper studied the changes of microbial biomass c and of dehydrogenase, urease and invertase activities in soils under 1 : 1 rice-barnyard grass coexistence. the results showed that with the coexistence of barnyard grass, the microbial biomass c in rhizosphere soil of pi312777 was decreased by 50.52% (p < 0.01), while that in inter-row soil was in ... | 2008 | 19123361 |
| modified benzoxazinones in the system oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli: an approach to the development of biorational herbicide models. | the utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been explored. the work described focuses on obtaining derivatives that present selectivity in the system oryza sativa- echinochloa crus-galli. to achieve this goal the influence of lipophilicity in this system has been studied by preparing 14 ester derivatives at the n-4 position of d-diboa along with other compounds with different functionalization and chain len ... | 2008 | 18922010 |
| [regulation effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the interactions between barnyard grass and upland rice under enhanced nitrogen supply]. | a pot experiment was conducted to study the regulation effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) on the interactions between echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis l. and oryza sativa l. under enhanced n supply (4.0 g n x m(-2) x a(-1)). the results showed that under monoculture condition, the amf colonization on e. crus-galli increased but that on o. sativa decreased. in the treatments with and without amf inoculation, upland rice biomass and its p and n uptake increased by 42.35% and 13.48%, 4. ... | 2007 | 18163320 |
| rice allelopathy induced by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. | methyl jasmonate (meja) and methyl salicylate (mesa) are important signaling molecules that induce plant defense against insect herbivores and microbial pathogens. we tested the hypothesis that allelopathy is an inducible defense mechanism, and that the ja and sa signaling pathways may activate allelochemicals release. exogenous application of meja and mesa to rice (oryza sativa l.) enhanced rice allelopathic potential and led to accumulation of phenolics, an increase in enzymatic activities, an ... | 2007 | 17415624 |
| weed control in rice with metham-sodium. | metam-sodium is a soil fumigant with herbicidal properties. a field experiment was conducted in 2000 at copiano (pavia, italy) to determine the efficacy of three rates of metam-sodium (300, 450 and 600 l/ha) at three different planting times (5, 12 and 18 days after chemical treatments) for the control of weeds in rice cultivation. the study mainly focused on the control of red rice (oryza sativa var. selvatica), a weed which is worldwide distributed in rice fields and difficult to eradicate tes ... | 2006 | 17390826 |
| [allelopathic potential and physiological mechanism of oryza sativa l. under phosphorus deficiency stress]. | in this paper, allelopathic rice pi312777 (pi) and non-allelopahtic rice lemont (le) were grown in the nutrient solution with two levels of phosphorus (p) supply, and their allelopathic effects on echinochloa crus-galli l. were studied. the results showed that under phosphorous deficiency stress, the inhibitory effect of pi on e. crus-galli root growth had an obvious increase. after growing in the nutrient solution with low p supply (0.5 mg x l(-1)) for 5, 10 and 15 days, the inhibitory rate of ... | 2006 | 17269328 |
| bioactive steroids from oryza sativa l. | rice is one of the most interesting crops in the world from both the social and the economic point of views. the monoculture practices along with the heavy use of herbicides are characteristic of modern agriculture and are inducing the appearance of tolerant and/or herbicide resistant weed biotypes. this is the case the world's main weed of rice barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). alternative strategies for weed suppression consist of the use of chemicals from rice due to necessity of obtain ... | 2006 | 16620896 |
| evaluation of allelopathic potential and quantification of momilactone a,b from rice hull extracts and assessment of inhibitory bioactivity on paddy field weeds. | rice (oryza sativa l.) hull extracts were used in a bioassay to evaluate the allelopathic potential of rice on the germination and growth of barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli p. beauv. var. oryzicola ohwi), to quantify momilactone a and b levels in rice hull germplasm and to assess the inhibitory bioactivity of momilactone a and b as a potential natural source of herbicide for weed control in paddy fields. four varieties of weeds including e. crus-galli p. beauv. var. oryzicola ohwi, monoch ... | 2006 | 16569039 |
| determination of antagonism between cyhalofop-butyl and other rice (oryza sativa) herbicides in barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). | herbicide antagonism is defined as the reduction of control of certain weeds as the result of applying mixtures of two or more herbicides. cyhalofop-butyl, a graminicide used for postemergence grass weed control in rice, is antagonized by some rice herbicides when applied simultaneously. the result of this type of antagonism usually results in decreased control of grass weeds. research has shown that herbicide antagonism between graminicides and other herbicides may be caused by different mechan ... | 2005 | 15884840 |
| ek-2612, a new cyclohexane-1,3-dione possessing selectivity between rice (oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). | a newly synthesized experimental compound, ek-2612 is one of the class of cyclohexane-1,3-diones which are commonly known to be grasskillers. a greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the herbicidal performances of ek-2612 on several grass species in comparison with tralkoxydim, a commercialized cyclohexanedione derivative. like tralkoxydim, the compound ek-2612 showed excellent control efficacy on most grass weeds tested through foliar application rates between 250 and 63 g ai ha(-1). unlike ... | 2004 | 15382506 |
| [genes mapping on rice allelopathy against barnyardgrass]. | by using the relay seeding technique with slight modification, a population of 134 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar zhong 156 x gumei 2 and contained 168 dna markers covering all 12 chromosomes with 1447.9 cm spans was employed to evaluate the rice allelopathic effect on barnyardgrass [echinochloa crus-galli (i.) beauv.]. the phenotyping values of the biomass of barnyardgrass infested with rice materials were employed to map the ... | 2003 | 15031929 |
| designing herbicide formulation characteristics to maximize efficacy and minimize rice injury in paddy environments. | mathematical descriptors, coupled with experimental observations, are used to quantify differential uptake of an experimental herbicide in japonica and indica rice (oryza sativa, non-target) and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli, target). partitioning, degradation, plant uptake and metabolism are described using mass-balance conservation equations in the form of kinetic approximations. estimated environmental concentrations, governed by the pesticide formulation, are described using superimp ... | 2001 | 11407023 |
| constitutive and inducible aerobic and anaerobic stress proteins in the echinochloa complex and rice. | anaerobic stress resulted in a change in the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and oryza sativa (l.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of the six echinochloa species investigated, e. phyllopogon (stev.) koss, e. muricata (beauv.) fern, e. oryzoides (ard.) fritsch clayton, and e. crus-galli (l.) beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate in the absence of oxygen, as does rice. in contrast, e. crus-pavonis (h.b.k ... | 1993 | 12231678 |
| mitochondrial enzymes in aerobically and anaerobically germinated seedlings of echinochloa and rice. | activities of tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle enzymes in seedlings of barnyard grass (echinochloa phyllopogon (stapf.) koss) and rice (oryza sativa l.) germinated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated. in e. phyllopogon, development of tca-cycle enzyme activities during 10 d of anoxia generally paralleled those in air, although at lower rates. after 5 d, e. phyllopogon seedlings germinating under n2 exhibited 50-80% of the activity of seedlings grown in air, except for 2-oxoglu ... | 1991 | 24194241 |
| differences in the anaerobic lactate-succinate production and in the changes of cell sap ph for plants with high and low resistance to anoxia. | anaerobically treated seedlings of oryza sativa l. var arborio accumulated in their shoots more succinate than lactate and cell sap became alkaline. conversely, in triticum aestivum l. var mek 86 lactate accumulation was far higher than that of succinate and cell sap was acidified. anoxia clearly induced proton consumption in both species as an important means to prevent or counteract acidosis. other species studied were: echinochloa crus-galli l. beauv., zea mays l. var de kalb xl75, secale cer ... | 1989 | 16666751 |
| a mechanism of chlorosis caused by 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-hydroxypyrazole, a herbicidal compound. | in organic solvents, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-hydroxypyrazole (dtp) converted chlorophyll a and b extracted from rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. ;kinmaze') into pheophytin a and b, respectively. on comparing the chlorophyll-converting activity of dtp to those of acetic, glycolic, 2,4-dichlorobenzoic, monochloroacetic, 2,6-dichlorobenzoic, pyruvic, and dichloroacetic acids, it was demonstrated that dtp induced h(+) into chlorophyll specifically. 5-hydroxypyrazoles, which seem to be ... | 1979 | 16661052 |
| land-use change in indian tropical agro-ecosystems: eco-energy estimation for socio-ecological sustainability. | this study was carried out to understand the ecological and economic sustainability of floriculture and other main crops in indian agro-ecosystems. the cultivation practices of four major flower crops, namely jasminum multiflorum, crossandra infundibuliformis, chrysanthemum and tagetes erecta, were studied in detail. the production cost of flowers in terms of energy was calculated to be 99,622-135,996 compared to 27,681-69,133 mj ha(-1) for the main crops, namely oryza sativa, eleusine coracana, ... | 2017 | 28315232 |
| gibberellin deficiency confers both lodging and drought tolerance in small cereals. | tef [eragrostis tef (zucc.) trotter] and finger millet [eleusine coracana gaertn] are staple cereal crops in africa and asia with several desirable agronomic and nutritional properties. tef is becoming a life-style crop as it is gluten-free while finger millet has a low glycemic index which makes it an ideal food for diabetic patients. however, both tef and finger millet have extremely low grain yields mainly due to moisture scarcity and susceptibility of the plants to lodging. in this study, th ... | 2016 | 27242844 |
| spatial distribution pattern analysis of dof1 transcription factor in different tissues of three eleusine coracana genotypes differing in their grain colour, yield and photosynthetic efficiency. | in the present study dof1 gene of finger millet was cloned and sequenced. in silico analysis reveals 61% identity with the sorghum bicolor and 57% identity with the oryza sativa dof1 sequence. a comparative analysis of gene sequences from different crops and three finger millet genotypes {brown (prm-1), golden (prm-701) and white (prm-801)} differing in grain colour, yield and photosynthetic efficiency showed a high degree of sequence identity of dof1 sequence gene ranging from 22 to 70% as evid ... | 2012 | 21643752 |
| repetitive dna in three gramineae species with low dna content. | the genomes of three gramineae species, namely finger millet (eleusine coracana), pearl millet (pennisetum americanum) and rice (oryza sativa) are characterized by studying their dna denaturation-reassociation properties. the reassociation kinetics measurement of the sonicated dna (500--700 nucleotide pairs) indicate the presence of a heterogeneous, repetitive dna fraction accounting for 49--54% of the total dna in all three species. from the cot 1/2 value of the slow reassociating dna, the geno ... | 1980 | 7409756 |
| the "old" euonymus europaeus agglutinin represents a novel family of ubiquitous plant proteins. | molecular cloning of the "old" but still unclassified euonymus europaeus agglutinin (eea) demonstrated that the lectin is a homodimeric protein composed of 152 residue subunits. analysis of the deduced sequence indicated that eea is synthesized without a signal peptide and undergoes no posttranslational processing apart from the removal of a six-residue n-terminal peptide. glycan array screening confirmed the previously reported high reactivity of eea toward blood group b oligosaccharides but al ... | 2008 | 18451263 |
| frequency, type, and distribution of est-ssrs from three genotypes of lolium perenne, and their conservation across orthologous sequences of festuca arundinacea, brachypodium distachyon, and oryza sativa. | simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies in several plant species. they are used for cultivar identification, variety protection, as anchor markers in genetic mapping, and in marker-assisted breeding. currently, a limited number of ssr markers are publicly available for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). we report on the exploitation of a comprehensive est collection in l. perenne for ssr identification. the objectives of this ... | 2007 | 17626623 |
| expression of snowdrop lectin (gna) in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to rice brown planthopper. | snowdrop lectin (galanthus nivalis agglutinin; gna) has been shown previously to be toxic towards rice brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens; bph) when administered in artificial diet. bph feeds by phloem abstraction, and causes 'hopper burn', as well as being an important virus vector. to evaluate the potential of the gna gene to confer resistance towards bph, transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were produced, containing the gna gene in constructs where its expression was driven by a phloe ... | 1998 | 9753773 |
| coapplication of chicken litter biochar and urea only to improve nutrients use efficiency and yield of oryza sativa l. cultivation on a tropical acid soil. | the excessive use of nitrogen (n) fertilizers in sustaining high rice yields due to n dynamics in tropical acid soils not only is economically unsustainable but also causes environmental pollution. the objective of this study was to coapply biochar and urea to improve soil chemical properties and productivity of rice. biochar (5 t ha(-1)) and different rates of urea (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of recommended n application) were evaluated in both pot and field trials. selected soil chemical prop ... | 2015 | 26273698 |
| a phosphoproteomic landscape of rice (oryza sativa) tissues. | protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates various plant developmental processes. here, we report a comprehensive, quantitative phosphoproteomic profile of six rice tissues, including callus, leaf, root, shoot meristem, young panicle and mature panicle from nipponbare by employing a ms-based, label-free approach. a total of 7171 unique phosphorylation sites in 4792 phosphopeptides from 2657 phosphoproteins were identified, including 4613 peptides were ... | 2017 | 28382632 |
| endophytic phomopsis sp. colonization in oryza sativa was found to result in plant growth promotion and piperine production. | endophytic fungi have been reported to have the acquired ability to synthesize host plant specific medicinal natural products. many fungi with such properties have been characterized and optimized for the conditions which favor maximal production of desired products. however, the inherent plant colonization property of promising endophytic fungi is least studied. exploiting the transgenome functioning of these fungi have immense applications to add beneficial features to non-host plants. in the ... | 2017 | 28224643 |
| de novo transcriptome assembly of phomopsis liquidambari provides insights into genes associated with different lifestyles in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the mechanisms that trigger the switch from endophytic fungi to saprophytic fungi are largely unexplored. broad host range phomopsis liquidambari is established in endophytic and saprophytic systems with rice (oryza sativa l.). endophytic p. liquidambari promotes rice growth, increasing rice yield and improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. this species's saprophytic counterpart can decompose rice litterfall, promoting litter organic matter cycling and the release of nutrients and impro ... | 2017 | 28220138 |
| tps46, a rice terpene synthase conferring natural resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus). | plant terpene synthases (tpss) are key enzymes responsible for terpene biosynthesis, and can play important roles in defense against herbivore attack. in rice, the protein sequence of tps46 was most closely related to maize tps10. however, unlike maize tps10, tps46 was also constitutively expressed in rice even in the absence of herbivore attack. potential roles or constitutive emissions of specific volatiles may due to the constitutive expressions of tps46 in rice. therefore, in the present stu ... | 2017 | 28217135 |
| spatial distribution and coexisting patterns of adults and nymphs of tibraca limbativentris (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in paddy rice fields. | the rice stem stink bug, tibraca limbativentris stål (hemiptera: pentatomidae), is a primary insect pest of paddy rice in south america. knowledge of its spatial distribution can support sampling plans needed for timely decisions about pest control. this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of adults and nymphs of t. limbativentris and determine the spatial coexistence of these stages of development. fifteen paddy rice fields were scouted once each season to estimate insect densit ... | 2016 | 28028098 |
| the oil-contaminated soil diazotroph azoarcus olearius dqs-4(t) is genetically and phenotypically similar to the model grass endophyte azoarcus sp. bh72. | the genome of azoarcus olearius dqs-4(t) , a n2 -fixing betaproteobacterium isolated from oil-contaminated soil in taiwan, was sequenced and compared with other azoarcus strains. the genome sequence showed high synteny with azoarcus sp. bh72, a model endophytic diazotroph, but low synteny with five non-plant-associated strains (azoarcus cib, azoarcus ebn1, azoarcus kh32c, a. toluclasticus mf63(t) and azoarcus pa01). average nucleotide identity (ani) revealed that dqs-4(t) shares 98.98% identity ... | 2016 | 27893193 |
| biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient contents in upland rice plants affected by application forms of microorganism growth promoters. | microorganisms are considered a genetic resource with great potential for achieving sustainable development of agricultural areas. the objective of this research was to determine the effect of microorganism application forms on the production of biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient content in upland rice. the experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design in a factorial 7 × 3 + 1, with four replications. the treatments consisted of combining seven microorga ... | 2017 | 27844322 |
| a rhamnose-deficient lipopolysaccharide mutant of rhizobium sp. irbg74 is defective in root colonization and beneficial interactions with its flooding-tolerant hosts sesbania cannabina and wetland rice. | rhizobium sp. irbg74 develops a classical nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with the aquatic legume sesbania cannabina (retz.). it also promotes the growth of wetland rice (oryza sativa l.), but little is known about the rhizobial determinants important for these interactions. in this study, we analyzed the colonization of s. cannabina and rice using a strain of rhizobium sp. irbg74 dually marked with β-glucuronidase and the green fluorescent protein. this bacterium colonized s. cannabina by crack entry ... | 2016 | 27702995 |
| influence of gamma radiation on the physical and sensory properties of two brazilian rice cultivars. | little has been reported about the effects of gamma radiation on the physical and sensory characteristics of rice. samples were irradiated with (60) co in doses 0, 1, 2 and 5 kgy, on a rate of 0.4 kgy h(-1) . | 2017 | 27485521 |
| silenced rice in both cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases displays pre-acclimation to cope with oxidative stress induced by 3-aminotriazole-inhibited catalase. | the maintenance of h2o2 homeostasis and signaling mechanisms in plant subcellular compartments is greatly dependent on cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (apx1 and apx2) and peroxisomal catalase (cat) activities. apx1/2 knockdown plants were utilized in this study to clarify the role of increased cytosolic h2o2 levels as a signal to trigger the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress generated in peroxisomes after 3-aminotriazole-inhibited catalase (cat). before supplying 3-at, silenced ... | 2016 | 27379617 |
| identification and characterization of a library of surfactins and fengycins from a marine endophytic bacillus sp. | an endophytic bacterial strain from a marine green alga, ulva lactuca, was isolated and identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing method. the bacterial isolate was found to secrete two major families of cyclic depsilipopeptides, surfactins, and fengycins. sequencing of the isolated lipopeptides was carried out using the ms(n) data obtained from an electrospray ionization (esi) ion trap mass spectrometer coupled to an hplc system. the assigned sequences were confirmed by a chemical derivatization ap ... | 2016 | 27160506 |
| cloning and characterization of a water deficit stress responsive transcription factor gene from oryza sativa l. | understanding the biochemical and molecular basis of drought mechanism in rice is important as drought is one of the major causes affecting rice crop adversely. a 1017 bp gene sequence encoding ap2/erf family tf was isolated from oryza sativa sp. indica cv n22 encoding a protein of 338 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 36.58 kda, and no intron in the orf. the gene was named as ap2/erf-n22(2) different from the drought responsive gene ap2/erf-n22 that we reported earlier. ap2/erf-n2 ... | 2016 | 26891550 |
| characterization of n2-fixing plant growth promoting endophytic and epiphytic bacterial community of indian cultivated and wild rice (oryza spp.) genotypes. | the diversity of endophytic and epiphytic diazotrophs in different parts of rice plants has specificity to the niche (i.e. leaf, stem and root) of different genotypes and nutrient availability of the organ. inoculation of the indigenous, polyvalent diazotrophs can facilitate and sustain production of non-leguminous crops like rice. therefore, n2-fixing plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb) were isolated from different parts of three indian cultivated [oryza sativa l. var. sabita (semi deep/deep ... | 2016 | 26696397 |
| amelioration of arsenic toxicity in rice: comparative effect of inoculation of chlorella vulgaris and nannochloropsis sp. on growth, biochemical changes and arsenic uptake. | the present study was conducted to assess the responses of rice (oryza sativa l. var. triguna) by inoculating alga; chlorella vulgaris and nannochlropsis sp. supplemented with as(iii) (50µm) under hydroponics condition. results showed that reduced growth variables and protein content in rice plant caused by as toxicity were restored in the algae inoculated plants after 7d of treatment. the rice plant inoculated with nannochloropsis sp. exhibited a better response in terms of increased root, shoo ... | 2016 | 26473328 |
| roseomonas oryzicola sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.). | a gram-stain-negative, coccobacilli-shaped bacterium, designated yc6724t, was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice in jinju, korea. the taxonomy of strain yc6724t was studied using a polyphasic approach. strain yc6724t grew optimally at 30 °c and ph 7.0-8.0. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analyses showed that the strain was most closely related to roseomonas soli 5n26t (98.4 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity), roseomonas lacus thg33t(97.3 %) and roseomonas terrae ds-48t (97.3 %). sequence ... | 2015 | 26443678 |
| flectobacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of oryza sativa (l.), and emended description of the genus flectobacillus. | a gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pale orange, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterial strain, designated jc289t was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the plant oryza sativa (l.). 16s rrna gene sequence analysis clearly allocated strain jc289t to the flectobacillus cluster, showing highest sequence similarities to flectobacillus roseus gfa-11t (99.5 %), flectobacillus major atcc 29496t (96.7 %) and flectobacillus lacus cl-gp79t (94.6 %). major (>5 %) fatty acids of strain jc289t were c16 : 1ω5c, ... | 2015 | 26297007 |
| physicochemical and structural characteristics of rice starch modified by irradiation. | this work evaluated the physicochemical and structural properties of rice starch of the cultivars iac 202 and irga 417 modified by irradiation. starch samples were irradiated by (60)co in doses 1, 2 and 5kgy, on a rate of 0.4kgy/h. a control not irradiated was used for comparison. the granule morphology and a-type x-ray diffraction pattern were not altered by irradiation. there was an increase in amylose content, carboxyl content and acidity with irradiation. gamma radiation did not affect the t ... | 2016 | 26258702 |
| the lasioseius phytoseioides species group (acari: blattisociidae): new characterisation, description of a new species, complementary notes on seven described species and a taxonomic key for the group. | the lasioseius phytoseioides species group was first characterised over 50 years ago. two species of this group, lasioseius chaudhrii (wu & wang) and lasioseius parberlesei bhattacharyya, have been considered potentially effective as biological control agents of pest mites of the family tarsonemidae on rice (oryza sativa l.) in asia. a new characterisation of the species group is presented, taking into account a new species here described, lasioseius piracicabensis moraes & pérez-madruga n. sp., ... | 2015 | 26249936 |
| micromonospora oryzae sp. nov., isolated from roots of upland rice. | an actinomycete strain designated as cp2r9-1t was isolated from root internal tissues of upland rice (oryza sativa). based on the polyphasic approach, strain cp2r9-1t was characterized as a member of the genus micromonospora. meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-oh-diaminopimelic acid were present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unidentified phospholi ... | 2015 | 26238346 |
| mapping of a cellulose-deficient mutant named dwarf1-1 in sorghum bicolor to the green revolution gene gibberellin20-oxidase reveals a positive regulatory association between gibberellin and cellulose biosynthesis. | here, we show a mechanism for expansion regulation through mutations in the green revolution gene gibberellin20 (ga20)-oxidase and show that gas control biosynthesis of the plants main structural polymer cellulose. within a 12,000 mutagenized sorghum bicolor plant population, we identified a single cellulose-deficient and male gametophyte-dysfunctional mutant named dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1). through the sorghum propinquum male/dwf1-1 female f2 population, we mapped dwf1-1 to a frameshift in ga20-oxidase ... | 2015 | 26198258 |
| a natural rice rhizospheric bacterium abates arsenic accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a natural rice rhizospheric isolate abates arsenic uptake in rice by increasing fe plaque formation on rice roots. rice (oryza sativa l.) is the staple food for over half of the world's population, but its quality and yield are impacted by arsenic (as) in some regions of the world. bacterial inoculants may be able to mitigate the negative impacts of arsenic assimilation in rice, and we identified a nonpathogenic, naturally occurring rice rhizospheric bacterium that decreases as accumulation in r ... | 2015 | 26059607 |
| micromonospora endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacteria of thai upland rice (oryza sativa). | an actinobacterial strain, dcwr9-8-2(t), was isolated from a leaf of thai upland rice (oryza sativa) collected in chumporn province, thailand. strain dcwr9-8-2(t) is gram-stain-positive aerobic bacteria that produce single spores directly on the vegetative hypha. cell wall peptidoglycan of this strain exhibits meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycine, the reducing sugars of whole-cell hydrolysate are arabinose, glucose, ribose, xylose and small amount of mannose. the phospholipid profiles in the mem ... | 2015 | 25966850 |
| feeding behavior and crop damage caused by capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in an agricultural landscape. | this study aimed to assess the yield loss caused by capybaras in rural areas of dourados-ms, their feeding periods, crop preferences and the landscape characteristics of farms that may affect the occurrence of capybara's herds. semi-structured interviews in 24 different farms were done during a period between april 2010 and august 2011. field observations were held at different times of the day, and also during the night in order to record peaks of the feeding behavior in six farms. direct count ... | 2014 | 25627586 |
| characterization of a novel clade of xanthomonas isolated from rice leaves in mali and proposal of xanthomonas maliensis sp. nov. | four bacterial strains, designated m89, m92, m97(t), and m106, were isolated in a previous study from surface-sterilized leaves of rice (oryza sativa) or murainagrass (ischaemum rugosum) at three sites in mali, africa. here they were examined by a polyphasic taxonomic approach and analysis of a whole-genome sequence. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna sequence and multilocus sequence analysis of seven genes showed that these four strains formed a distinct lineage representing a novel specie ... | 2015 | 25588569 |
| streptomyces oryzae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from stems of rice plant. | an actinomycete strain s16-07(t), isolated from surface-sterilized stems of rice plant (oryza sativa l.), was characterized using a polyphasic approach. phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences indicated affiliation of the strain belonged to the genus streptomyces. the highest levels of sequence similarity were found with streptomyces smyrnaeus sm3501(t) (97.7% similarity), s. abikoensis nbrc 13860(t) (97.6% similarity) and s. thermocarboxydovorans nbrc 16324(t) (97.5% similarity). the c ... | 2015 | 25586021 |
| growth enhancement of rice (oryza sativa) by phosphate solubilizing gluconacetobacter sp. (mtcc 8368) and burkholderia sp. (mtcc 8369) under greenhouse conditions. | two indigenous rhizospheric phosphate solubilizing isolates psb 12 identified as gluconacetobacter sp. (mtcc 8368) and psb 73 identified as burkholderia sp. (mtcc 8369) were examined for their growth enhancement potential of rice (jyothi ptb 39) under pot culture assays. the results showed significant impact on microbial count and psb population, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity, available phosphorous in the soil, plant nutrient uptake and yield parameters. gluconacetobacter sp. + rp60 tre ... | 2015 | 28324538 |
| allokutzneria oryzae sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of oryza sativa l. | the taxonomic status of a rhizospheric soil actinomycete, designated r8-39(t), was established using a polyphasic approach. the organism had phenotypic and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus allokutzneria. phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16s rrna gene sequence showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the type strains of members of the genus allokutzneria. strain r8-39(t) displayed the highest levels of 16s rrna gene sequ ... | 2014 | 25052392 |
| physiological and growth response of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) to trichoderma spp. inoculants. | trichoderma spp., a known beneficial fungus is reported to have several mechanisms to enhance plant growth. in this study, the effectiveness of seven isolates of trichoderma spp. to promote growth and increase physiological performance in rice was evaluated experimentally using completely randomized design under greenhouse condition. this study indicated that all the trichoderma spp. isolates tested were able to increase several rice physiological processes which include net photosynthetic rate, ... | 2014 | 24949276 |
| improved plant growth and zn accumulation in grains of rice (oryza sativa l.) by inoculation of endophytic microbes isolated from a zn hyperaccumulator, sedum alfredii h. | this study is to investigate the possibility of zinc (zn) biofortification in the grains of rice (oryza sativa l.) by inoculation of endophytic strains isolated from a zn hyperaccumulator, sedum alfredii hance. five endophytic strains, burkholderia sp. sazr4, burkholderia sp. samr10, sphingomonas sp. samr12, variovorax sp. sanr1, and enterobacter sp. sacs20, isolated from s. alfredii, were inoculated in the roots of japonica rice nipponbare under hydroponic condition. fluorescence images showed ... | 2014 | 24447030 |
| sphaerisporangium rufum sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete from roots of oryza sativa l. | an endophytic actinomycete, strain r10-82(t), isolated from surface-sterilized roots of rice (oryza sativa l.) was studied using a polyphasic approach. strain r10-82(t) produced branching substrate mycelia and developed spherical spore vesicles on aerial hyphae containing non-motile spores. the major cellular fatty acids were iso-c16 : 0, iso-c14 : 0 and 10-methyl c17 : 0. the predominant menaquinones were mk-9, mk-9(h2), mk-9(h4) and mk-9(h6). rhamnose, ribose, madurose, mannose and glucose wer ... | 2014 | 24363300 |
| analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting chlorophyll content of rice leaves in a double haploid population and two backcross populations. | chlorophyll content, one of the most important physiological parameters related to plant photosynthesis, is usually used to predict yield potential. to map the quantitative trait loci (qtls) underlying the chlorophyll content of rice leaves, a double haploid (dh) population was developed from an indica/japonica (zhenshan 97/wuyujing 2) crossing and two backcross populations were established subsequently by backcrossing dh lines with each of their parents. the contents of chlorophyll a and chloro ... | 2014 | 24361205 |
| abscisic acid metabolizing rhizobacteria decrease aba concentrations in planta and alter plant growth. | although endogenous phytohormones such as abscisic acid (aba) regulate root growth, and many rhizobacteria can modulate root phytohormone status, hitherto there have been no reports of rhizobacteria mediating root aba concentrations and growth by metabolising aba. using a selective aba-supplemented medium, two bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings grown in sod-podzolic soil and assigned to rhodococcus sp. p1y and novosphingobium sp. p6w using parti ... | 2014 | 24270514 |
| microarray analyses and comparisons of upper or lower flanks of rice shoot base preceding gravitropic bending. | gravitropism is a complex process involving a series of physiological pathways. despite ongoing research, gravitropism sensing and response mechanisms are not well understood. to identify the key transcripts and corresponding pathways in gravitropism, a whole-genome microarray approach was used to analyze transcript abundance in the shoot base of rice (oryza sativa sp. japonica) at 0.5 h and 6 h after gravistimulation by horizontal reorientation. between upper and lower flanks of the shoot base, ... | 2013 | 24040303 |
| oligomerization of rice granule-bound starch synthase 1 modulates its activity regulation. | granule-bound starch synthase 1 (gbss1) is responsible for amylose synthesis in cereals, and this enzyme is regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. in this study, we show that gbss1 from oryza sativa l. (osgbss1) can form oligomers in rice endosperm, and oligomerized osgbss1 exhibits much higher specific enzymatic activity than the monomer. a monomer-oligomer transition equilibrium for osgbss1 occurs in the endosperm during development. redox potential is a key factor a ... | 2013 | 23849121 |
| novel receptor-like kinases in cacao contain pr-1 extracellular domains. | members of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (pr-1) family are well-known markers of plant defence responses, forming part of the arsenal of the secreted proteins produced on pathogen recognition. here, we report the identification of two cacao (theobroma cacao l.) pr-1s that are fused to transmembrane regions and serine/threonine kinase domains, in a manner characteristic of receptor-like kinases (rlks). these proteins (tcpr-1f and tcpr-1g) were named pr-1 receptor kinases (pr-1rks). phylogene ... | 2013 | 23573899 |
| lactobacillus oryzae sp. nov., isolated from fermented rice grain (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica). | the taxonomic position of three lactobacillus-like micro-organisms (strains sg293(t), sg296 and sg310) isolated from fermented rice grain (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica) in japan was investigated. these heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria were gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and did not show catalase activity. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis of strain sg293(t) revealed that the type strains of lactobacillus malefermentans (98.3 %), la ... | 2013 | 23378109 |
| weissella oryzae sp. nov., isolated from fermented rice grains. | a taxonomic study was conducted on two gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, irregular short-rod-shaped or coccoid lactic acid bacteria, designated strains sg25(t) and sg23, that were isolated from grains of fermented japanese rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica). a phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequence data clearly showed that the strains belonged to the genus weissella and were most closely related to weissella soli lmg 20113(t) (with a sequence similarity of 96.9 % for ... | 2013 | 22843715 |
| plant growth enhancing effects by a siderophore-producing endophytic streptomycete isolated from a thai jasmine rice plant (oryza sativa l. cv. kdml105). | an endophytic streptomyces sp. gmku 3100 isolated from roots of a thai jasmine rice plant (oryza sativa l. cv. kdml105) showed the highest siderophore production on cas agar while phosphate solubilization and iaa production were not detected. a mutant of streptomyces sp. gmku 3100 deficient in just one of the plant growth promoting traits, siderophore production, was generated by inactivation of a desd-like gene encoding a key enzyme controlling the final step of siderophore biosynthesis. pot cu ... | 2012 | 22836676 |
| comparing dry ashing and wet oxidation methods. the case of the rice husk (oryza sativa l.). | experiments were conducted to determine the effects that different methods for the preparation of modern plant samples have on the resulting phytoliths using rice husks (oryza sp.). the methods that are commonly used in phytolith extraction include (1) dry ashing, (2) acid extraction (3) a combination of both techniques. the results showed that processing methods have an impact on the morphology of two subspecies of rice phytoliths, dry ashing producing more conjoined cell phytoliths or multicel ... | 2012 | 22508318 |
| chitinophaga oryziterrae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice (oryza sativa l.). | a novel bacterial strain, yc7001(t), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice collected at jinju, korea, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. cells of strain yc7001(t) were gram-negative-staining, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, aerobic, heterotrophic and non-motile. strain yc7001(t) grew optimally at 25-30 °c, ph 5.0-8.0 and degraded gelatin, cellulose and chitin. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that strain yc7001(t) belonged to the genus chiti ... | 2012 | 22307507 |
| identification of candidate genes in rice for resistance to sheath blight disease by whole genome sequencing. | recent advances in whole genome sequencing (wgs) have allowed identification of genes for disease susceptibility in humans. the objective of our research was to exploit whole genome sequences of 13 rice (oryza sativa l.) inbred lines to identify non-synonymous snps (nssnps) and candidate genes for resistance to sheath blight, a disease of worldwide significance. wgs by the illumina ga iix platform produced an average 5× coverage with ~700 k variants detected per line when compared to the nipponb ... | 2012 | 21901547 |
| gynumella flava gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.) managed under no-tillage practice. | | 2010 | 20068238 |
| nucleotide diversity and molecular evolution of the psy1 gene in zea mays compared to some other grass species. | phytoene synthase (psy), which is encoded by the phytoene synthase 1 (psy1) gene, is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the plant carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. in order to examine the genetic diversity and evolution pattern of psy1 within the andropogoneae, sequences of 76 accessions from 5 species (maize, teosinte, tripsacum, coix, and sorghum) of the andropogoneae were tested, along with 4 accessions of rice (oryza sativa l.) included as outliers. both the number and the order of exons and i ... | 2010 | 19885651 |
| chemical and physicochemical characterization of agrowaste fibrous materials and residues. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical, physicochemical, and functional properties of agrowastes derived from okara ( glycine max), corn cob ( zea mays sp.), wheat straw ( triticum sp.), and rice husk ( oryza sativa) for potential applications in foods. the fibrous materials (fm) were treated with alkali to yield fibrous residues (fr). rice husk contained the highest ash content (fm, 8.56%; fr, 9.04%) and lowest lightness in color (fm, 67.63; fr, 63.46), possibly due to the abu ... | 2008 | 18788708 |
| cell wall polysaccharides are specifically involved in the exclusion of aluminum from the rice root apex. | rice (oryza sativa) is the most aluminum (al)-resistant crop species among the small-grain cereals, but the mechanisms responsible for this trait are still unclear. using two rice cultivars differing in al resistance, rice sp. japonica 'nipponbare' (an al-resistant cultivar) and rice sp. indica 'zhefu802' (an al-sensitive cultivar), it was found that al content in the root apex (0-10 mm) was significantly lower in al-resistant 'nipponbare' than in sensitive 'zhefu802', with more of the al locali ... | 2008 | 18083797 |
| identification and characterization of lineage-specific genes within the poaceae. | using the rice (oryza sativa) sp. japonica genome annotation, along with genomic sequence and clustered transcript assemblies from 184 species in the plant kingdom, we have identified a set of 861 rice genes that are evolutionarily conserved among six diverse species within the poaceae yet lack significant sequence similarity with plant species outside the poaceae. this set of evolutionarily conserved and lineage-specific rice genes is termed conserved poaceae-specific genes (cpsgs) to reflect t ... | 2007 | 17951464 |
| genetic dissection of silicon uptake ability in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the adequate presence of silicon (si) in rice plants can enhance their yield and improve their tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study si uptake abilities were compared between the japonica rice cultivar (cv.) kinmaze and the indica rice cv. dv85 under three si concentrations (0.16, 0.4, and 1.6mm) at different time points from 1 to 12h. the results showed that the phenotypic values of two traits-si uptake by individual plants (sp, si uptake by all roots of a plant) and s ... | 2006 | 25193641 |
| expansins in deepwater rice internodes. | cell walls of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes undergo long-term extension (creep) when placed under tension in acidic buffers. this is indicative of the action of the cell wall-loosening protein expansin. wall extension had a ph optimum of around 4.0 and was abolished by boiling. acid-induced extension of boiled cell walls could be reconstituted by addition of salt-extracted rice or cucumber cell wall proteins. cucumber expansin antibody recognized a single protein band of 24.5-kd ap ... | 1997 | 9112771 |
| trichodorus petrusalberti n. sp. (nematoda: trichodoridae) from rice with additional notes on the morphology of t. sanniae and t. rinae. | a new species in the family trichodoridae, from the rhizosphere of rice (oryza sativa l.) in northern natal, south africa, is described and illustrated. trichodorus petrusalberti n. sp. resembles t. taylori de waele, mancini, roca, and lamberti, 1982, t. hooperi loof, 1973, and t. complexus rahman, jairajpuri, and ahmad, 1985, from which it is distinguished by the shape of the spicules. it is distinguished from the former two species by the nonthickened terminal cuticle in the males and by the s ... | 1988 | 19290188 |
| transcript profiling reveals the presence of abiotic stress and developmental stage specific ascorbate oxidase genes in plants. | abiotic stress and climate change is the major concern for plant growth and crop yield. abiotic stresses lead to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) consequently resulting in cellular damage and major losses in crop yield. one of the major scavengers of ros is ascorbate (aa) which acts as first line of defense against external oxidants. an enzyme named ascorbate oxidase (aao) is known to oxidize aa and deleteriously affect the plant system in response to stress. genome-wide an ... | 2017 | 28261251 |
| rubisco catalytic properties and temperature response in crops. | rubisco catalytic traits and their thermal dependence are two major factors limiting the co2 assimilation potential of plants. in this study, we present the profile of rubisco kinetics for 20 crop species at three different temperatures. the results largely confirmed the existence of significant variation in the rubisco kinetics among species. although some of the species tended to present rubisco with higher thermal sensitivity (e.g. oryza sativa) than others (e.g. lactuca sativa), interspecifi ... | 2016 | 27329223 |
| molecular mechanisms of flowering under long days and stem growth habit in soybean. | precise timing of flowering is critical to crop adaptation and productivity in a given environment. a number of classical e genes controlling flowering time and maturity have been identified in soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.]. the public availability of the soybean genome sequence has accelerated the identification of orthologues of arabidopsis flowering genes and their functional analysis, and has allowed notable progress towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of flowering in soybean. ... | 2016 | 28338712 |
| effects of bisphenol a on chlorophyll fluorescence in five plants. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bisphenol a (bpa) on plant photosynthesis and determine whether the photosynthetic response to bpa exposure varies in different plants. chlorophyll fluorescence techniques were used to investigate the effects of bpa on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in tomato (lycopersicum esculentum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), soybean (glycine max), maize (zea mays), and rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. low-dose (1.5 or 3.0 mg l(-1)) bpa exposure improved ... | 2015 | 26154046 |
| the iqd gene family in soybean: structure, phylogeny, evolution and expression. | members of the plant-specific iq67-domain (iqd) protein family are involved in plant development and the basal defense response. although systematic characterization of this family has been carried out in arabidopsis, tomato (solanum lycopersicum), brachypodium distachyon and rice (oryza sativa), systematic analysis and expression profiling of this gene family in soybean (glycine max) have not previously been reported. in this study, we identified and structurally characterized iqd genes in the ... | 2014 | 25343341 |
| effect of paddy-upland rotation on methanogenic archaeal community structure in paddy field soil. | methanogenic archaea are strict anaerobes and demand highly reduced conditions to produce methane in paddy field soil. however, methanogenic archaea survive well under upland and aerated conditions in paddy fields and exhibit stable community. in the present study, methanogenic archaeal community was investigated in fields where paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) under flooded conditions was rotated with soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) under upland conditions at different rotation histories, by polym ... | 2015 | 25113614 |
| leloir glycosyltransferases and natural product glycosylation: biocatalytic synthesis of the c-glucoside nothofagin, a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea. | nothofagin is a major antioxidant of redbush herbal tea and represents a class of bioactive flavonoid-like c-glycosidic natural products. we developed an efficient enzymatic synthesis of nothofagin based on a one-pot coupled glycosyltransferase-catalyzed transformation that involves perfectly selective 3'-c-β-d-glucosylation of naturally abundant phloretin and applies sucrose as expedient glucosyl donor. c-glucosyltransferase from oryza sativa (rice) was used for phloretin c-glucosylation from u ... | 2013 | 24415961 |
| osdreb2a, a rice transcription factor, significantly affects salt tolerance in transgenic soybean. | the dehydration responsive element binding (dreb) transcription factors play an important role in regulating stress-related genes. osdreb2a, a member of the drebp subfamily of ap2/erf transcription factors in rice (oryza sativa), is involved in the abiotic stress response. osdreb2a expression is induced by drought, low-temperature and salt stresses. here, we report the ability of osdreb2a to regulate high-salt response in transgenic soybean. overexpressing osdreb2a in soybeans enhanced salt tole ... | 2013 | 24376625 |
| genome-wide comparative in silico analysis of the rna helicase gene family in zea mays and glycine max: a comparison with arabidopsis and oryza sativa. | rna helicases are enzymes that are thought to unwind double-stranded rna molecules in an energy-dependent fashion through the hydrolysis of ntp. rna helicases are associated with all processes involving rna molecules, including nuclear transcription, editing, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, rna export, and organelle gene expression. the involvement of rna helicase in response to stress and in plant growth and development has been reported previously. while their importance in arabidopsis and oryz ... | 2013 | 24265739 |
| comparison of standardized ileal amino acid digestibilities in protein supplements and cereal grains for weaned pigs. | standardized ileal digestibility (sid) of aa in protein ingredients and grains was determined in weaned piglets (5 kg initial bw) using the difference method. animals were fitted with a simple ileal t-cannula on day 24 or 25 of age. a synthetic diet based on corn (zea mays) starch and casein was either supplemented with an extruded soybean (glycine max) meal (esm), rice (oryza sativa) protein concentrate (rpc), full fat heat-treated soybeans (sb), corn, barley (hordeum vulgare), or wheat (tritic ... | 2012 | 23365298 |