| [purification and characterization of recombinant aeromonas punctata prolyl endopeptidase]. | the study of down-stream techniques of recombinant aeromonas punctata prolyl endopeptidase (appep) was presented here. high cell-density fermentation of e. coli bl21/pkkh-pep in nbs bioflo 3000 5 l fermentor was achieved, the final cell density was 22.5 g (dcw)/l after 14 h cultivation, the yield of appep expressed in soluble protein was 3.0 g per litter broth. after sonication, the supernatant of free cell extract was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, high performance q sepharose ff, ... | 2000 | 11059278 |
| beta-lactamase epidemiology and the utility of established and novel beta-lactamase inhibitors. | beta-lactamase inhibitor:beta-lactam combinations remain one of the most successful strategies for the treatment of bacterial infections. over the last 20 years the number and diversity of serine and metallo active site beta-lactamases has increased dramatically. this review highlights some of the new additions to the beta-lactamase arena and discusses how the commercially available beta-lactamase inhibitors are keeping pace with the changing epidemiology of beta-lactamases. in addition, we surv ... | 2000 | 11060675 |
| virulence profiles and other biological characters in water isolated aeromonas hydrophila. | thirty water isolates of a. hydrophila were tested for potential virulence profiles, antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin-like substances (bls) production. cytotoxic activity was present in all strains tested, 87% were hemolytic and 70% adhesive. lysine decarboxylase reactions (ldc) positivity was correlated with virulence factors: 100% versus cytotoxicity, 84% versus adherence, 76% versus hemolytic activity. the correlation was also present in the ldc-negative strains. hemolytic and cytotoxic ... | 2000 | 11061623 |
| effect of sodium chloride and citric acid on growth and toxin production by a. caviae and a. sobria at moderate and low temperatures. | the effect of sodium chloride and citric acid on hemolysin and caseinase production by aeromonas caviae and aeromonas sobria at 32 degrees c and 5 degrees c was investigated. at 32 degrees c, although both strains were tolerant to 3% nacl in tsb, the production of caseinase was decreased in the presence of 1-3% nacl, and the production of hemolysin was abolished by 2-3% nacl. citric acid (0.03%) was less effective than nacl in reducing hemolysin and caseinase production by both strains at 32 deg ... | 2000 | 11061632 |
| aeromonas hydrophila amph and ceph beta-lactamases: derepressed expression in mutants of escherichia coli lacking creb. | the class 1 cephalosporinase (ceph) and class 2d oxacillinase (amph) from an aeromonas hydrophila clinical isolate, strain t429125, have been cloned and sequenced. both enzymes are typical of their equivalents in other species of aeromonas both cloned beta-lactamase genes were expressed at a low level in a standard laboratory escherichia coli strain, but when cloned into a cre deletion e. coli mutant, they were expressed at significantly higher levels. specific disruption of the creb gene result ... | 2000 | 11062187 |
| incidence and identification of mesophilic aeromonas spp. from retail foods. | sixty-eight food samples were examined for the presence of mesophilic aeromonas species both qualitatively and quantitatively. aeromonads were isolated from 26% of the vegetable samples, 70% of the meat and poultry samples and 72% of the fish and shrimps. numbers of motile aeromonads present in the food samples varied from <10(2) cfu g(-1) to >10(5) cfu g(-1). glc analysis of fames was used to identify a selection of presumptive aeromonas colonies to fenospecies or genomic species level. aeromon ... | 2000 | 11069637 |
| the a-layer influences the susceptibility of aeromonas salmonicida to antibacterial peptides. | | 2000 | 11081441 |
| cytotoxicity assessment of chlorinated bacteria in water using the rna synthesis inhibition method. | chlorination of drinking water containing organic materials is known to generate toxic by-products. we suggested that such compounds may also be produced by interactions between chlorine and bacteria present in water. to confirm this hypothesis, a method based on rna synthesis inhibition of hela s3 human cells in the presence of toxic compounds was applied. this method is rapid and highly sensitive since the concentration of the samples is not required. furthermore, it was shown to be a suitable ... | 2000 | 11090960 |
| production of serine protease of aeromonas sobria is controlled by the protein encoded by the gene lying adjacent to the 3' end of the protease gene. | we cloned a protease gene of aeromonas sobria and determined its nucleotide sequence. the protease is composed of 624 amino acid residues and its calculated molecular weight is 66,737.7. the amino acid sequence showed the characteristic features of a bacterial serine protease. we expressed the protease gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus from which the synthesized protease is secreted into the culture medium as the mature form, and purified the mature protease by successive column chromatographies. ... | 2000 | 11092244 |
| re: aeromonas species isolated from medicinal leeches. | | 2000 | 11092375 |
| functional tn5393-like transposon in the r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida isolated in norway. | tn5393c containing stra-strb was identified as part of r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. this is the first time an intact and active transposon in the tn5393 family has been reported in an ecological niche other than an agricultural habitat. | 2000 | 11097945 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) compared with 14 other antimicrobials against intestinal pathogens. | we studied the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 14 comparator antimicrobials against 288 recent isolates of enteropathogenic bacteria (106 salmonella: spp., 32 hafnia alvei, 22 yersinia enterocolitica, 21 shigella: spp., 16 aeromonas: spp. and 91 campylobacter jejuni). gemifloxacin, the other fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime were very active against all microorganisms tested except for c. jejuni. seventy-seven per cent of isolates of c. jejuni were inhibited by erythromycin < or ... | 2000 | 11102426 |
| surface dynamics of aerolysin on the plasma membrane of living cells. | aerolysin secreted by the human pathogen aeromonas hydrophila belongs to a group of bacterial toxins that are hemolytic and form channels in biological membranes. the toxin is secreted as an inactive precursor proaerolysin that must be proteolytically processed at its c-terminus to become active. the toxin then polymerizes into a heptameric ring that is amphipathic and can insert into a lipid bilayer and form a pore. we have examined these various steps at the surface of target cells. the toxin ... | 2000 | 11111912 |
| responses of giant freshwater prawn (macrobrachium rosenbergii) to challenge by two strains of aeromonas spp. | the virulence of two aeromonas strains (a. veronii and a. caviae) isolated from the hepatopancreas of apparently healthy giant freshwater prawns (macrobrachium rosenbergii) was compared using a challenge by injections. for the a. veronii strain, challenge with 3.7 x 10(5) cells/g of body weight led to 100% mortality; for the a. caviae strain, 3.8 x 10(6) cells/g produced 100% mortality. the 50% lethal doses (ld50) were 2.0 x 10(3) cells/g for a. veronii and 51.2 x 10(3) cells/g for a. caviae. us ... | 2000 | 11112373 |
| phylogeny of the major head and tail genes of the wide-ranging t4-type bacteriophages. | we examined a number of bacteriophages with t4-type morphology that propagate in different genera of enterobacteria, aeromonas, burkholderia, and vibrio. most of these phages had a prolate icosahedral head, a contractile tail, and a genome size that was similar to that of t4. a few of them had more elongated heads and larger genomes. all these phages are phylogenetically related, since they each had sequences homologous to the capsid gene (gene 23), tail sheath gene (gene 18), and tail tube gene ... | 2001 | 11114936 |
| role of flm locus in mesophilic aeromonas species adherence. | the adherence mechanism of aeromonas caviae sch3n to hep-2 cells was initially investigated through four mini-tn5 mutants that showed a 10-fold decrease in adherence. these mutants lost motility, flagella, and their lipopolysaccharide (lps) o antigen (o-ag). three genes, flmb-neua-flmd, were found to be interrupted by the transposon insertions; additionally, two other genes, one lying upstream (flma) and one downstream (neub), were found to be clustered in the same operon. while the flma and flm ... | 2001 | 11119490 |
| norepinephrine as a growth stimulating factor in bacteria--mechanistic studies. | catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) enhance the growth of several species of gram-negative bacteria. since catechol rings are known siderophores in bacteria, the administration of catecholamines may enhance growth by improving iron uptake in growth-limiting media, serving as auxiliary siderophores. we have tested the iron content in bacterial growth media which are known to support rapid growth and "slow growth" media. additionally, we have examined the uptake of 3h-norepineph ... | 2000 | 11125844 |
| vaccination influences growth of arctic charr. | there is limited knowledge about the effects of oil-based vaccines on the growth of arctic charr salvelinus alpinus, in particular at different rearing temperatures. one-year-old arctic charr were immunized intraperitoneally at 2.9 degrees c with a metabolizable oil-adjuvanted, bivalent vaccine containing killed typical and atypical aeromonas salmonicida bacteria. after vaccination the non-vaccinated (controls) and vaccinated individually marked fish were held for 20 d at 10.0 degrees c and then ... | 2000 | 11129384 |
| topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review. | the main pathogens acquired topically from fish (through spine puncture or open wounds) are aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, mycobacterium marinum, streptococcus iniae, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio damsela. s. iniae has recently emerged as a public health hazard associated with aquaculture, and m. marinum often infects home aquarium hobbyists. with the expansion of aquaculture and popularity of recreational fishing in australia, medical practitioners can ex ... | 2000 | 11130351 |
| enteropathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides and aeromonas spp. in experimental mono- and coinfection with cryptosporidium parvum in the intestine of neonatal balb/c mice. | enteropathogenicity of plesiomonas shigelloides, aeromonas hydrophila, a. caviae and a. sobria was studied both in monoinfections and in coinfections with coccidium cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal balb/c mice. in monoinfection experiments, neonatal balb/c mice were orally infected with 7 x 10(7) or 7 x 10(8) cfu, respectively, of a strain of p. shigelloides or a strain of an aeromonas spp. in coinfection experiments, the neonatal mice were, in addition to being orally infected with one of the ... | 2001 | 11131040 |
| aerobic intestinal flora of wild-caught african dwarf crocodiles osteolaemus tetraspis. | intestinal contents were collected from wild-caught african dwarf crocodiles (osteolaemus tetraspis) in 1993 and 1995 which were slaughtered at urban markets in the congo republic. the samples were kept frozen and brought back to onderstepoort for aerobic culture. out of 29 specimens, 33 species of bacteria and 20 species of fungi were isolated. the bacteria included three isolates of salmonella and eight isolates of escherichia coli, most of the latter being rough strains. the flora of individu ... | 2000 | 11131121 |
| bacteria associated with processed crawfish and potential toxin production by clostridium botulinum type e in vacuum-packaged and aerobically packaged crawfish tails. | refrigerated vacuum-packaged storage has been shown to increase significantly the shelf life of fresh fish and seafood products, but the effect, if any, on the outgrowth and toxin production of clostridium botulinum type e on cooked crawfish is unknown. microflora associated with live crawfish reflect the microbial populations of the harvest water and sediments in which they are living. the presence or absence of specific pathogens in either vacuum-packaged or air-permeable bags of cooked crawfi ... | 2000 | 11131892 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of aeromonas spp. in ready-to-eat foods in italy. | a survey was carried out in italy to ascertain the prevalence of aeromonas spp. in ready-to-eat foods (vegetables, cheeses, meat products, and ice creams) and the level of molecular heterogeneity of the isolates found by macrorestriction analysis of genomic dna with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). in total, 46 (14.4%) of the 320 food samples examined were found positive for aeromonas spp. the highest percentages of isolation were discovered in vegetables, particularly lettuce (45.0%), e ... | 2000 | 11131903 |
| infections in e-beta thalassemia. | infection is a major complication and the leading cause of death in thalassemia, especially e-beta thalassemia. the spectrum of infections in e-beta thalassemia include mild and severe infections, therapy-related infections such as yersinia enterocolitica infection associated with desferrioxamine (dfo) therapy, and transfusion-transmitted disease, as well as unique infections such as with pythiosis. prospective studies in thailand indicate that patients with e-beta thalassemia had more frequent ... | 2000 | 11132234 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of (r)-specific enoyl-coa hydratase from aeromonas caviae involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. | dimeric (r)-specific enoyl-coenzyme a (coa) hydratase from aeromonas caviae catalyzes the hydration of trans-2-enoyl-coas with carbon lengths of 4-6 to yield their corresponding (r)-3-hydroxyacyl-coas and is essential for polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) biosynthesis. the enzyme has been crystallized by vapour diffusion against a reservoir solution containing 20% polyethylene glycol 4000, 5% 2-propanol and 20 mm hepes ph 7.0 at 298 k. crystals belong to the monoclinic space group c2, with unit-cell pa ... | 2001 | 11134939 |
| [isolation of listeria spp., aeromonas spp., and vibrio spp. from seafood products]. | forty-one strains of listeria, aeromonas and vibrio have been isolated in 71 samples of seafood, both raw and ready to eat and frozen. l. monocytogenes, detected by pcr also, is found in the smoked salmon only. aeromonas spp. and vibrio spp. are isolated in the raw products (shrimps and shellfish). no relationship is found between the presence of such microrganisms and the common indicator bacteria. finally, the health hazard related to strong contamination and the need to diversify the food saf ... | 2000 | 11140096 |
| aeromonas hydrophila and its relation with drinking water indicators of microbiological quality in argentine. | in argentine, water municipal supplies disinfection is carried out by chlorine. we have isolated aeromonas hydrophila from a chlorinated water supply in buenos aires that fulfilled argentinean microbiological quality standards. it is an aquatic organism that could produce cytotoxins and enterotoxins associated with acute gastroenteritis and wound infections in human and hemorrhagic septicaemia of fish, reptiles and amphibians. the isolated strain produced protein bands at isoelectric point in th ... | 2000 | 11145418 |
| uptake and processing of biofilm and free-cell vaccines of aeromonas hydrophila in indian major carps and common carp following oral vaccination--antigen localization by a monoclonal antibody. | uptake and processing of biofilm (bf) and free-cell (fc) vaccines of aeromonas hydrophila were studied in the indian major carps catla catla catla, and rohu labeo rohita and in the common carp cyprinus carpio following a single dose oral vaccination of 10(11) cfu g(-1) fish. fish were sampled at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 h and at 2, 3, 5 and 10 d following vaccination and antigen localization was studied in the gut, kidney and spleen employing monoclonal antibody based immunofluorescence and immunope ... | 2000 | 11145450 |
| toxicity of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite to bacterial pathogens of fish. | the inhibitory effect of the nitric oxide (no) donor s-nitroso-acetyl-penicillamine (snap) and the no and o2- donor 3-morpholino-sydnonimine hydrochloride (sin-1) was tested in a cell-free assay. strains of the bacterial fish pathogens aeromonas salmonicida, renibacterium salmoninarum and yersinia ruckeri were exposed to different concentrations of the no donors for 24 h. the results showed that no possesses inhibitory properties, while peroxynitrite had no effect. however, when sin-1 was used i ... | 2000 | 11145451 |
| endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. | the etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis is easily made in the presence of continuous bacteremia with gram-positive cocci. however, the blood culture may contain a bacterium rarely associated with endocarditis, such as lactobacillus spp., klebsiella spp., or nontoxigenic corynebacterium, salmonella, gemella, campylobacter, aeromonas, yersinia, nocardia, pasteurella, listeria, or erysipelothrix spp., that requires further investigation to establish the relationship with endocarditis, or ... | 2001 | 11148009 |
| hatchery-level predictive values for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and aeromonas salmonicida in ontario, canada. | the probability and uncertainty of correctly classifying the ipnv and aeromonas salmonicida status of fish-rearing and natural sites in ontario were estimated through monte carlo simulations. propagating several uncertain inputs showed the extent to which natural variability and our present lack of knowledge affect the probability of site misclassification. for the scenarios investigated, the site-level negative predictive values (snpvs) were high and fairly constant. the site-level positive pre ... | 2001 | 11154785 |
| extended method for discrimination of aeromonas spp. by 16s rdna rflp analysis. | a previously described molecular method, based on 16s rdna rflp analysis, for the identification of aeromonas spp. was unable to separate the species aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas bestiarum and the recently described aeromonas popoffii. in this study, the method has been extended with endonucleases aiwni and psti for the identification of these species. a molecular frame for the identification of all known aeromonas spp. is presented. | 2000 | 11155981 |
| locomotion and feeding of acanthamoeba at the water-air interface of ponds. | acanthamoeba trophozoites attach to and effect amoeboid locomotion at the water-air interface of ponds. their locomotory rate (approximately 0.8 microm s(-1)) and manner of independent movement at this interface is similar to that over solid substrata. adhesion forces developed between amoebae and the water-air interface are greater than gravity and thus amoebae are also transported passively without detachment. amoebae docked with the water-air interface remain and flourish here as they are sho ... | 2001 | 11164298 |
| miniaturized tests for computer-assisted identification of motile aeromonas species with an improved probability matrix. | to develop miniaturized tests for the phenotypic identification of motile aeromonas species using an improved probability matrix. | 2001 | 11168721 |
| detection of vibrionaceae in mussels and in their seawater growing area. | the seasonal trend and frequency of detection of vibrionaceae in seawater samples and in molluscs collected in the adriatic sea was measured. | 2001 | 11169043 |
| intestinal secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) response to aeromonas exoproteins in patients with naturally acquired aeromonas diarrhea. | the secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) response at the intestinal mucosa is one of the primary defense mechanisms protecting against enteric infections and may therefore be used as an indicator of bacterial enteropathogenicity. in order to understand the role played by aeromonas strains as gastrointestinal infectious agents, the siga response in fecal specimens obtained from patients with naturally acquired aeromonas diarrhea was examined. our results demonstrated a specific siga response which w ... | 2001 | 11172988 |
| conserved anchoring mechanisms between crystalline cell surface s-layer proteins and secondary cell wall polymers in gram-positive bacteria? | | 2001 | 11173224 |
| [development of an elisa-system for the assessment of furunculosis vaccines] | as an alternative method for challenge experiments in fish a sandwich-elisa has been established for the detection of potentially protective antibody populations. assay specificity depends on monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against different antigens of aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. comparable levels of salmon antibodies against lps and the a-layer protein were recorded by elisa and antigen binding assay. these studies, together with the first analysis of trou ... | 1998 | 11178550 |
| isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae). | from the guts of new and old colonies (female and male) of mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae), we identified a total of 18 different bacterial species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae, vibrionaceae, micrococcaceae, deinococcacea, bacillaceae, and the genus listeria. enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with citrobacter, streptococcus, aerococcus, and listeria found less freque ... | 2001 | 11178731 |
| cell vacuolation caused by vibrio cholerae hemolysin. | non-o1 strains of vibrio cholerae implicated in gastroenteritis and diarrhea generally lack virulence determinants such as cholera toxin that are characteristic of epidemic strains; the factors that contribute to their virulence are not understood. here we report that at least one-third of diarrhea-associated nonepidemic v. cholerae strains from mexico cause vacuolation of cultured vero cells. detailed analyses indicated that this vacuolation was related to that caused by aerolysin, a pore-formi ... | 2001 | 11179335 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase producers in environmental microbiota: new molecular class b enzyme in janthinobacterium lividum. | eleven environmental samples from different sources were screened for the presence of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria by using a selective enrichment medium containing a carbapenem antibiotic and subsequently testing each isolate for production of edta-inhibitable carbapenemase activity. a total of 15 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates, including 10 stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, 3 chryseobacterium spp., one aeromonas hydrophila isolate, and one janthinobacterium lividum ... | 2001 | 11181369 |
| the spontaneous haemolytic activity of cod serum: heat insensitivity and other characteristics. | | 2000 | 11185757 |
| rapidly progressive pneumonia due to aeromonas hydrophila shortly after near-drowning. | an 87-year-old woman died of rapidly progressive pneumonia due to aeromonas hydrophila shortly after a near-drowning event. autopsy showed necrotizing pneumonia and postmortem cultures of both blood and lung revealed the organism. fulminant pneumonia should be considered in patients of a near-drowning event. | 2000 | 11197807 |
| the occurrence of aeromonas spp. in natural mineral water and well water. | the presence of motile aeromonas spp. in natural mineral water (nmw) and drinking well water in the area of lecce (italy) was investigated. aeromonas spp. were not detected in any of the 60 nmw samples either by the direct and enrichment method. from a total of 20 wells, five were found to contain aeromonas species with cell number ranging from 26 to 1609 250 ml(-1). in two wells the presence of aeromonas spp. was not associated to the presence of faecal indicators, i.e. coliforms and faecal col ... | 2001 | 11205949 |
| [pathogenicity factors of various vibrios and aeromonads]. | a review of literature on the pathogenicity factors of non-cholera vibrios and aeromonas is presented. a detailed analysis of such pathogenicity factors as hemolysins, lecithinases, cytotoxins, adhesins, etc. is given. information on some mechanisms of the pathogenetic action of these factors on warm-blooded animals is presented. the necessity of more extensive research on pathogenicity and persistence factors in opportunistic bacteria causing sapronotic infections is emphasized. | 2000 | 11210617 |
| aeromonas caviae as a cause of cholecystitis. | | 2000 | 11217277 |
| [microbiological monitoring of causative agents of sapronoses in the water of the bogatinskoe water reservoir]. | the results of the microbiological monitoring of potential causative agents of sapronoses in the water of the bogatinskoye reservoir revealed that in the summer period of 1998 the mass accumulation of virulent aeromonas sobria (up to 25% of the total number of heterotrophic bacteria) took place. the autumn period was characterized by a decrease in the number of a. sobria and the detection of bacteria of the genus vibrio (up to 22%) with v. mimicus and v. metschnikovii identified among them in th ... | 2000 | 11220958 |
| identification and characterization of carnobacteria associated with the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | using the surface plate technique, the population level of aerobic bacteria, occurring in the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), was determined to be approximately 3 x 10(4) g(-1). of 100 isolates investigated, 58 were gram-negative. out of the 42 gram-positive isolates, 26 belonged to the carnobacteria, of which ten were further identified on the basis of 16s rdna sequence analysis and aflp fingerprinting. all were identified as carnobacterium piscicola-like. these carnobacteria strains ... | 2000 | 11249022 |
| characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria originating from hospital and freshwater fishfarm environments in england and ireland. | this ecotaxonomic study compared the antibiotic tolerance among culturable oxytetracyline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic strains isolated from two aquatic environments representing human activities in health care and aquaculture, namely hospital effluents and freshwater fishfarms. using a standardized methodology, samples taken in england and ireland were analyzed to determine the antibiotic tolerance profiles of two groups of culturable ot(r) bacterial isolates at the intergeneric and intragen ... | 2000 | 11249032 |
| in vitro and in vivo combinations of cefotaxime and minocycline against aeromonas hydrophila. | the activities of cefotaxime and minocycline against aeromonas hydrophila were investigated. cefotaxime (4 times the mic) plus minocycline (0.75 times the mic) elicited an inhibitory effect for 48 h in a time-kill study, and more infected mice treated with both drugs survived (91%) than survived after treatment with cefotaxime (9%) or minocycline (44%) alone, suggesting that cefotaxime and minocycline act synergistically against a. hydrophila. | 2001 | 11257047 |
| direct screening of the imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene (blaimp) from urine samples by polymerase chain reaction. | as gram-negative bacterial isolates producing plasmid-mediated imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase usually demonstrate resistance to various broad-spectrum beta-lactams, including cephamycins and carbapenems, transmission and proliferation of these microorganisms in clinical settings could become a clinical threat in the near future. according to previous studies by the same authors, imp-1-producing strains are usually isolated from urine samples. therefore, in this study, a polymerase chain reaction ( ... | 2001 | 11260335 |
| bacteriological and virological quality of seawater bathing areas along the tyrrhenian coast. | monitoring was carried out during summer 1997 along a selected area of the tyrrhenian coast near the tiber river mouth. fifty-eight seawater samples, collected from 19 stations, were examined for coliforms, streptococci, enteroviruses, salmonellae, coliphages, bacteroides fragilis phages, pseudomonas, alophilic vibrios, aeromonas and yeasts. salmonellae and coliphages were isolated in 3 and 12 out of 58 samples, respectively. enteroviruses and bacteroides fragilis phages were not isolated. reovi ... | 2001 | 11260783 |
| isolation and 16s rrna sequence analysis of the beneficial bacteria from the rhizosphere of rice. | the present study deals with the isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) from rice (variety niab irri-9) and the beneficial effects of these inoculants on two basmati rice varieties. nitrogen-fixing activity (acetylene-reduction activity) was detected in the roots and submerged shoots of field-grown rice variety niab irri-9. estimation of the population size of diazotrophic bacteria by ara-based mpn (acetylene reduction assay-based most probable number) in roots and shoots indic ... | 2001 | 11261489 |
| outcomes of aeromonas bacteremia in patients with different types of underlying disease. | over a 6-year period, 42 patients with different underlying diseases developed aeromonas bacteremia in our hospital. the male to female ratio was 2:1. the vast majority of these patients had underlying diseases, including various types of neoplasm (n = 14), liver cirrhosis (n = 11), biliary tract disorder (n = 10) and other illnesses (n = 7). community-acquired bacteremia was predominant (33 cases, 79%). aeromonas hydrophila was the most common species isolated (88%). monomicrobial bacteremia wa ... | 2000 | 11269369 |
| antibacterial effects of different food-related phosphates using aeromonas hydrophila. | aeromonas hydrophila is considered to be an emergent food-related bacterium. phosphates are used as additives, mainly in meat products, to improve the quality of these foods. the antibacterial properties of phosphates are also well known. in this work, two a. hydrophila strains in early exponential phase were used: (a) a. hydrophila atcc 7965 and (b) a. hydrophila derived from food, isolated in our laboratory. mic and mbc studies were performed to assess the antibacterial effects of four phospha ... | 2001 | 11271767 |
| biodiversity and horizontal gene transfer in culturable bacteria isolated from activated sludge enriched in nonylphenol ethoxylates. | one hundred and twenty bacterial isolates, from activated sludge of a treatment plant collecting wastes enriched in ethoxylated nonylphenols, were studied. sixty isolates were selected on rich medium and 60 on mineral medium containing two nonylphenol ethoxylates as the sole carbon source. analysis of biodiversity at the species level was performed by comparing the alui restriction patterns of the 16s ribosomal dna amplified by pcr from 120 isolates. the rdna restriction analysis enabled us to c ... | 2001 | 11281319 |
| prevalence, species differentiation, haemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility of aeromonads in untreated well water. | the use of untreated water for drinking and other activities have been associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans due to aeromonas species. in the present study aeromonads were isolated from 48.7% of 1,000 water samples obtained from wells and other miscellaneous sources. aeromonas species were detected in 45% of samples tested in spring, 34.5% in summer, 48% in autumn and 60% of samples tested in winter. speciation of 382 strains resulted in 225 (59%) being a. hydrophil ... | 2001 | 11285492 |
| enhancement of the virulence of aeromonas caviae diarrhoeal strains by serial passages in mice. | thirteen clinical aeromonas caviae isolates from the faeces of 13 children with mild to severe diarrhoea were tested for enhancement of mouse lethality, adhesion ability, siderophore and cholera toxin cross-reactive (ctc) factor production, by four consecutive passages through mice by intraperitoneal injection of a. caviae suspensions. the passaged a. caviae strains were re-isolated from monomicrobic cardiac blood samples and inocula were prepared for the next passage. all a. caviae isolates pos ... | 2001 | 11289515 |
| identification of a 43-kda outer-membrane protein as an adhesin in aeromonas caviae. | aeromonas spp. are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. however, the virulence factors of a. caviae remain, for the most part, poorly known. this study examined the interactions involved in the adherence of a. caviae isolates ae56, ae391 and ae398 to hep-2 cells. all strains expressed high levels of aggregative adherence. maximum adhesion occurred with bacteria grown at 22 degrees c, but transmission electron microscopy did not reveal the presence of fimbrial structures on ... | 2001 | 11289516 |
| diarrhoeal infection with aeromonas species. | | 2001 | 11291990 |
| microbial growth modelling with artificial neural networks. | there is a growing interest in modelling microbial growth as an alternative to time-consuming, traditional, microbiological enumeration techniques. several statistical models have been reported to describe the growth of different microorganisms, but there are accuracy problems. an alternate technique 'artificial neural networks' (ann) for modelling microbial growth is explained and evaluated. published data were used to build separate general regression neural network (grnn) structures for model ... | 2001 | 11294356 |
| association between major histocompatibility complex class iib alleles and resistance to aeromonas salmonicida in atlantic salmon. | we have tested the importance of genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class iib in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) for survival after challenge with a highly virulent bacterial pathogen. forty juvenile full siblings from each of 120 families were infected with the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida, which causes high mortality in salmon due to furunculosis. fishes from high-resistance (hr, < 35% mortality) and low-resistance (l,r, > 80% mortality) families were screened for ... | 2001 | 11296859 |
| fulminant pneumonia due to aeromonas hydrophila in a man with chronic renal failure and liver cirrhosis. | a 40-year-old man on hemodialysis was admitted due to dyspnea and chest pain and was diagnosed with pneumonia and pericarditis. ampicillin was administered, but thereafter severe septic shock developed. the fulminant type of pneumonia progressed rapidly, and he died only 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. the autopsy and sputa culture revealed pneumonia due to aeromonas hydrophila. the source of this infection remained unkown. interestingly, there were two types of a. hydrophila found during ... | 2001 | 11300143 |
| characterization of the pro-aminopeptidase from aeromonas caviae t-64. | the pro-aminopeptidase from aeromonas caviae t-64 (pro-apac) had maximal activity at 60 degrees c and was more stable than mature apac at temperature up to 65 degrees c for 1 hour. the ph stability of pro-apac ranged from 4.0 to 8.0, which is broader than the range for the mature apac. the kcat/km of pro-apac was 1.4% to 24% of that of mature apac. | 2001 | 11302179 |
| synergy of histone-derived peptides of coho salmon with lysozyme and flounder pleurocidin. | recent research has identified endogenous cationic antimicrobial peptides as important factors in the innate immunity of many organisms, including fish. it is known that antimicrobial activity, as well as lysozyme activity, can be induced in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) mucus after exposure of the fish to infectious agents. since lysozyme alone does not have antimicrobial activity against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida, a four-step protein purification protocol was used to is ... | 2001 | 11302792 |
| plasmid-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (imp-6) conferring resistance to carbapenems, especially meropenem. | in 1996, serratia marcescens ku3838 was isolated from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection at a hospital in northern japan and was found to contain the plasmid pku501. previously, we determined that pku501 carries bla(imp) and the genes for tem-1-type beta-lactamases as well as producing both types of beta-lactamases (h. yano, a. kuga, k. irinoda, r. okamoto, t. kobayashi, and m. inoue, j. antibiot. 52:1135-1139, 1999). pku502 is a recombinant plasmid that contains a 1.5-kb dna ... | 2001 | 11302793 |
| [metallo-beta-lactamase producing bacteria]. | metallo-beta-lactamases are the carbapenemases belonging to the class b beta-lactamases on a molecular level. two types of the metallo-beta-lactamase, imp-1 and vim-1, which have been detected mainly from pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, in japan and in europe are especially important, because of the broad substrate specificity. these enzymes confer resistance to not only the carbapenems but also almost all beta-lactam antibiotics expect for monobactams. clinical strains producing imp-1 typ ... | 2001 | 11304992 |
| [clinical evaluation of metallo-beta-lactamase producing bacterium]. | the metallo-beta-lactamase producing bacterium are increasing in recent years. we characterized cases infected or colonized with blaimp, which is metallo-beta-lactamase imp-1 gene, positive gram-negative rods(gnrs). about half of the cases had malignant diseases as underliningg disease. when blaimp positive gnrs were isolated, most of cases shows clinical signs of infection such as fever and elevation of c-reactive protein in serum. most of strains were isolated from urinary samples and all pati ... | 2001 | 11305002 |
| development of a latex agglutination test for rapid identification of escherichia coli. | escherichia coli, one of the most important human pathogens, is usually identified by a battery of biochemical tests that require overnight incubation. for rapid identification of escherichia coli, a latex agglutination test (lat) was developed. rabbits were immunized with cell-surface antigens extracted from escherichia coli ccrc 15481 with 4 m urea, and the affinity-purified antibodies were used to coat latex particles for the identification of the bacterium. the following gram-negative bacter ... | 2001 | 11305479 |
| roles of an endogenous serum lectin in the immune protection of blue gourami, trichogaster trichopterus (pallus) against aeromonas hydrophila. | the serum of blue gourami, trichogaster trichopterus (pallus), contains a calcium-dependent, n-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectin (bgl) which efficiently activates and enhances the non-specific immune response of fish towards a virulent strain of aeromonas hydrophila. in the in vitro studies, a lectin concentration range of 0.05-1.0 ng ml(-1) was found to significantly promote phagocytic uptake of the bacteria by macrophages. this effect was further augmented when purified lectin was combined w ... | 2001 | 11308073 |
| mucosal immune response of spotted sand bass paralabrax maculatofasciatus (steindachner, 1868) orally immunised with an extracellular lectin of aeromonas veronii. | to assess the immunogenic and immunoprotective role of the extracellular lectin from aeromonas veronii (mcbp), which has affinity for mucosal constituents such as mucin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins and collagen, spotted sand bass (paralabrax maculatofasciatus) were orally immunised either with soluble mcbp, adjuvant-conjugated mcbp or immobilised mcbp on latex microspheres. the results suggest that the mcbp is capable of eliciting protective immunity against a. veronii infections when administe ... | 2001 | 11308074 |
| a monoclonal antibody recognising a surface marker on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocytes. | the characterisation of a monoclonal antibody (mab 45) reacting with phagocytic leucocytes isolated from blood and spleen of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) is described. the surface marker labelled by this mab is expressed at relative low levels on the membrane of large, nearly nongranulated trout leucocytes, and having the typical morphology of monocytes in flow cytometry (kfoury et al., 1999, fish pathology, 34, 1-6). no reaction of mab 45 with granulocytes, lymphocytes or thromb ... | 2001 | 11308075 |
| characterisation of the culturable heterotrophic bacterial community in a small eutrophic lake (priest pot). | the community composition and structure of planktonic heterotrophic bacteria (903 isolates) sampled from a small eutrophic lake in northern england (priest pot) was studied with respect to season (four samples) and depth (to 3.1 m). bacteria (887) were isolated on tryptic soy broth agar and identified to 48 genera using fatty acid methyl ester analysis. the two most abundant genera isolated were aeromonas and pseudomonas which, respectively, dominated the middle to bottom depths in august and al ... | 2001 | 11311440 |
| host factors associated with the detection of aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri in ontario, canada government fish hatcheries. | this paper presents an epidemiological investigation of ontario ministry of natural resources fish health laboratory data from 1981 to 1997, to determine whether fish species and age were associated with lot-level detection of aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri in hatchery fish. in stepwise logistic regression, the species brook trout and back-cross (lake trout crossed with the hybrid "splake") were more likely to test a. salmonicida-positive compared to all other species reared in the h ... | 2001 | 11311951 |
| contamination of potable roof-collected rainwater in auckland, new zealand. | one-hundred and twenty-five domestic roof-collected rainwater supplies in four rural auckland districts were investigated in a cross-sectional survey to determine water quality. samples of cold faucet water were analysed for physico-chemical and microbiological determinands, including metals (zinc, copper and lead), bacterial indicator organisms--heterotrophic plate count (hpc), total coilforms (tc), faecal coliforms (fc), enterococci (ent), bacterial pathogens including salmonella spp., legione ... | 2001 | 11317899 |
| histopathology of viremia-associated ana-aki-byo in combination with aeromonas hydrophila in color carp cyprinus carpio in japan. | a disease in which 'viremia-associated ana-aki-byo' is combined with an aeromonas hydrophila infection currently occurs and is highly transmissible in color carp cyprinus carpio in japan. in the present study, to determine the interrelation between a corona-like virus and a. hydrophila, we conducted transmission trials by cohabiting naturally diseased carp with healthy carp with skin that had been slightly damaged artificially. experimentally exposed fish successfully replicated the combination ... | 2001 | 11324811 |
| aeromonas sobria sepsis in a neutropenic patient. | | 2001 | 11325663 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of a family 52 beta-xylosidase gene (xysb) of a multiple-xylanase-producing bacterium, aeromonas caviae me-1. | a lambda phage genomic library of aeromonas caviae me-1, a multiple-xylanase-producing bacterium, was screened for xylan degradation activities. we isolated one clone, b65, which had weak xylanase activity, by the dns method, but gave no visible bands on zymogram assay using sds-xylan-page. based on tlc analyses of enzymatic products and some glycosidase assays using p-nitrophenyl substrates, we established that pb65 encodes a beta-xylosidase gene. in the nucleotide sequence analysis, we found a ... | 2001 | 11330658 |
| [aeromonas spp bacteremia: study of 12 cases and review of the literature]. | twelve cases of aeromonas spp. bacteremia are here reviewed in adult patients occurred at our institution during a 6-year period. three cases corresponded to patients with hematological disease and four had a solid neoplasm. the source of infection in seven patients was extra-nosocomial; infections in the five remaining patients were considered to be acquired in the hospital. in seven patients, potential portals of entry were found. the usual clinical presentation was febrile syndrome in all cas ... | 2001 | 11333602 |
| cellulitis and septicemia caused by aeromonas hydrophila acquired at home. | | 2001 | 11339474 |
| a case of spontaneous bacterial empyema and bacteremia caused by aeromonas hydrophila. | | 2001 | 11347676 |
| mesophilic aeromonads in wild and aquacultured freshwater fish. | numbers and species of motile aeromonas were determined in freshly caught freshwater fish, in the surrounding environment, and also during iced chilled storage of fish specimens. although no significant differences were observed in water samples, initial levels for skin, gill, and intestines were significantly lower in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in wild brown trout (salmo trutta) and pike (esox lucius). during storage of wild specimens, naturally occurring aeromonads grew fa ... | 2001 | 11348001 |
| the occurrence of aerolysin-positive aeromonas spp. and their cytotoxicity in norwegian water sources. | the aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of aeromonas spp. and their aerolysin status in norwegian natural water sources. | 2001 | 11348441 |
| escherichia coli crebc is a global regulator of gene expression that responds to growth in minimal media. | we have identified nine genes, the expression of which are regulated by the crebc two-component system: the first members of the cre regulon. they are divided into eight transcriptional units, each having a promoter-proximal ttcacnnnnnnttcac "cre-tag" motif. the cre regulon genes are: the acka/pta operon, the products of which collectively catalyze the conversion of acetyl-coa into acetate and atp; tala, which encodes an enzyme involved in the mobilization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into the ... | 2001 | 11350954 |
| biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by metabolically engineered escherichia coli strains. | the recombinant escherichia coli strain, equipped with the newly cloned aeromonas pha biosynthesis genes, could produce a terpolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3hhx) [p(3hb-co-3hv-co-3hhx)] from dodecanoic acid plus odd carbon number fatty acid. in addition, the orf1 gene of aeromonas hydrophila was found to play a critical role in assimilating the 3hv monomer and in regulating the monomer fraction in the terpolymer. | 2001 | 11353413 |
| centa as a chromogenic substrate for studying beta-lactamases. | centa, a chromogenic cephalosporin, is readily hydrolyzed by beta-lactamases of all classes except for the aeromonas hydrophila metalloenzyme. although it cannot practically be used for the detection of beta-lactamase-producing strains on agar plates, it should be quite useful for kinetic studies and the detection of the enzymes in crude extracts and chromatographic fractions. | 2001 | 11353639 |
| g561 site-directed deletion mutant chitinase from aeromonas caviae is active without its 304 c-terminal amino acid residues. | a g561 mutant of the aeromonas caviae chitinase chia was made by pcr site-directed deletion mutagenesis in order to study the role of the 304 c-terminal amino acid residues of chia in the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin. the recombinant chiag561 encoded on a 1.6-kb dna fragment of a. caviae chia was expressed in a heterologous escherichia coli host using the pet20b(+) expression system. the his-tag-affinity-purified recombinant chiag561 had a calculated molecular mass of 63,595 da, which was cons ... | 2001 | 11357514 |
| retrospective study of aeromonas infection in a malaysian urban area: a 10-year experience. | to describe the patterns of isolation of aeromonas spp. and the resulting spectrum of infection, intestinal and extra-intestinal,from infants and children in an urban area in a hot and humid country from southeastasia. | 2001 | 11358191 |
| formation of viable but non-culturable state (vbnc) of aeromonas hydrophila and its virulence in goldfish, carassius auratus. | in this study we investigated the viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state of aeromonas hydrophila and its virulence in goldfish. aeromonas hydrophila cultured in a 0.35% nacl solution at ph 7.5 and at 25 degrees c for 50 days showed the vbnc state. in the vbnc state we were unable to detect viable bacteria by the plate count method but we did find 10(4) cells/ml by the direct viable count microscopical method after staining with fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide. the virulence comparison ... | 2001 | 11372646 |
| characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish. | the present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (lab) intended for human use, lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 53103, lactobacillus casei shirota, lactobacillus bulgaricus, l. rhamnosus lc 705, bifidobacterium lactis bb12, and lactobacillus johnsonii la1, and one for animal use, enterococcus faecium tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. the strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of m ... | 2001 | 11375147 |
| 16s rrna in situ probing for the determination of the family level community structure implicated in enhanced biological nutrient removal. | knowledge of a discrete physiological group capable of excess biological phosphate removal (ebpr) remains unclear. consequently, microbial community analysis of an enhanced continuous laboratory-scale activated sludge process displaying a strong ebpr mechanism was conducted. unit design was configured upon the three-stage phoredox process and characterization of the activated sludge bacterial community was carried out using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) techniques. fixed activated slu ... | 2001 | 11379117 |
| clostridium perfringens as a potential indicator for the presence of sewage solids in marine sediments. | marine sediment cores collected from several depths of water and distances from a california sewage outfall were tested to see if sediments influenced by sewage solids were a reservoir of enteric pathogens, and if concentrations of indicator bacteria were related to the presence of sewage solids. vertical distributions of microorganisms in marine sediments were determined; there was a decrease of indicator bacteria with increasing sediment depth. aeromonas was randomly isolated, but none of the ... | 2001 | 11382981 |
| characterization of class 1 integrons associated with r-plasmids in clinical aeromonas salmonicida isolates from various geographical areas. | class 1 integrons were found in 26 of 40 antibiotic-resistant isolates of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida from northern europe and north america. three different dhfr genes, conferring trimethoprim resistance, and one ant(3")1a aminoglycoside resistance gene were identified as gene inserts. the gene cassettes tended to be conserved among isolates from a particular geographical area. nineteen isolates transferred r-plasmids carrying different tet determinants to escherichia coli in filter ... | 2001 | 11389105 |
| l-asparaginase activity in aeromonas sp. isolated from freshwater mussel. | aeromonas sp. from lamellidens marginalis produced l-asparaginase when grown at 37 degrees c. the optimum enzyme activity was at ph 9 when temperature was 45 degrees c. half-life of partially purified enzyme at 50 degrees c and 55 degrees c was 35 and 20 min, respectively. activation and deactivation energies of partially purified enzyme were 17.48 and 24.86 kcal mol-1 respectively. the enzyme exhibited a km (l-asparagine) value of 4.9 x 10(-6) mol l-1 and a vmax of 9.803 iu ml-1. three metal io ... | 2000 | 11395960 |
| inhibition of the aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica by l-leucinephosphonic acid. spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of the transition state of peptide hydrolysis. | the nature of the interaction of the transition-state analogue inhibitor l-leucinephosphonic acid (lpa) with the leucine aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica (aap) was investigated. lpa was shown to be a competitive inhibitor at ph 8.0 with a k(i) of 6.6 microm. electronic absorption spectra, recorded at ph 7.5 of [coco(aap)], [cozn(aap)], and [znco(aap)] upon addition of lpa suggest that lpa interacts with both metal ions in the dinuclear active site. epr studies on the co(ii)-substituted ... | 2001 | 11401547 |
| motility and the polar flagellum are required for aeromonas caviae adherence to hep-2 cells. | aeromonas caviae is increasingly being recognized as a cause of gastroenteritis, especially among the young. the adherence of aeromonads to human epithelial cells in vitro has been correlated with enteropathogenicity, but the mechanism is far from well understood. initial investigations demonstrated that adherence of a. caviae to hep-2 cells was significantly reduced by either pretreating bacterial cells with an antipolar flagellin antibody or by pretreating hep-2 cells with partially purified f ... | 2001 | 11401962 |
| comparison of the antimicrobial tolerance of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria isolated from hospital sewage and freshwater fishfarm water in belgium. | the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial tolerance and taxonomic diversity among the culturable oxytetracycline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic bacterial population in two belgian aquatic sites receiving wastewater either from human medicine or from aquaculture. the study of ot(r) heterotrophs and mesophilic aeromonas spp. allowed comparison of tolerance data at the intergenus as well as at the intragenus level. in total, 354 independently obtained ot(r) is ... | 2001 | 11403391 |
| occurrence of enterotoxigenic aeromonas species in foods. | out of a total of 246 food samples of animal origin screened for isolation of aeromonas spp., 33 (13.41%) were positive for these organisms. maximum positivity was shown by the samples from fish (28.57%), followed by poultry meat (16.67%), poultry eggs (12.50%), goat meat (12%), buffalo meat (7.69%) and cow milk (5.56%). a. hydrophila was the predominant species (51.52%) followed by a. sobria (39.39%) and a. caviae. of these, 70.59% a. hydrophila, 69.23% a. sobria and 33.33% a. caviae showed ent ... | 2000 | 11407001 |
| [beta-lactam antibiotic sensitivity in aeromonas spp. of clinical, animal, and environmental origin]. | susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics was investigated in aeromonas spp. microorganisms were isolated from both, clinical and water creek samples, as well as from processed raw chicken carcasses. aeromonas like colonies were identified by means of aerokey ii and api 20 e system (bio-merieux). a. hydrophila prevailed both of human origin (44%) and water creek samples (41%), while a. caviae ranked first among raw chicken samples (65%). dilution testing by agar method was performed to determine ... | 2001 | 11407020 |
| effects of bacteria on the growth of an amoeba infecting the gills of turbot. | we analysed the influence of various bacteria on the in vitro growth of trophozoites of a platyamoeba strain isolated from diseased gill tissues of cultured turbot. little or no growth was shown by amoebae cultured in the presence of (1) the turbot-pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida or streptococcus sp., (2) pasteurella piscicida or vibrio vulnificus (pathogenic for some fishes but not turbot), or (3) the non-pathogenic 'environmental' bacteria vibrio campbelli, vibrio ... | 2001 | 11411647 |