| no transmission of hepatitis e virus in pigs fed diets containing commercial spray-dried porcine plasma: a retrospective study of samples from several swine trials. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been reported in the human population and pigs are a recognized reservoir for hev and a possible source of hev transmission to humans. spray-dried porcine plasma (sdpp) is an ingredient commonly used in feed for pigs around the world. even though processing conditions used to produce sdpp should be adequate to inactivate hev, it was of interest to analyze commercial sdpp samples for presence of genome and antibodies (ab) against hev and to retrospectively analyze seru ... | 2014 | 25539662 |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection and association with a subacute thyroiditis. | | 2014 | 25536654 |
| erratum to: evidence of mapk-jnk1/2 activation by hepatitis e virus orf3 protein in cultured hepatoma cells. | | 2016 | 25535116 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus in hiv-infected patients with unexplained liver disease. | to look for evidence of hepatitis e virus (hev) exposure in hiv-infected patients with unexplained elevations of liver stiffness (ls). | 2015 | 25533742 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis e virus infection in three species of pet birds in northwest china. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, has been reported in a wide variety of animals, including birds, but little is known of hev infection in pet birds in northwest china. the objective of the present investigation was to examine hev seroprevalence in three species of pet birds, namely, eurasian siskin, oriental skylark, and black-tailed grosbeak from gansu. serum samples collected from 685 pet birds from august 2011 to september 2012 were examined independently for the p ... | 2014 | 25530995 |
| in silico and in vitro interrogation of a widely used hev rt-qpcr assay for detection of the species orthohepevirus a. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a public health concern worldwide, associated with waterborne outbreaks in developing countries and reported as an emerging zoonotic infection in high-income countries. a recent consensus proposal classified the isolates from human, swine, wild boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit and camel in seven genotypes within the species orthohepevirus a. in this report a popular hev rt-qpcr assay was assessed for the detection of the species orthohepevirus a. in silico analys ... | 2015 | 25528997 |
| in silico and in vitro interrogation of a widely used hev rt-qpcr assay for detection of the species orthohepevirus a. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a public health concern worldwide, associated with waterborne outbreaks in developing countries and reported as an emerging zoonotic infection in high-income countries. a recent consensus proposal classified the isolates from human, swine, wild boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit and camel in seven genotypes within the species orthohepevirus a. in this report a popular hev rt-qpcr assay was assessed for the detection of the species orthohepevirus a. in silico analys ... | 2015 | 25528997 |
| hepatitis e in developed countries: current status and future perspectives. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was for many years thought to be found almost exclusively in developing countries, where it is a major health issue. recent studies have shown that hev causes acute and chronic infection in developed countries. in these geographical settings, hev is primarily a porcine zoonosis caused by genotypes 3 (hev3) and 4 (hev4). the clinical phenotype of hepatitis e continues to emerge, and recent data show that hev is associated with a range of neurological syndromes including gu ... | 2014 | 25517900 |
| epidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis e virus infection in plateau state, nigeria. | a cross-sectional study in nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis e virus (hev). a total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, hiv positive subjects, and animal handlers. information was obtained from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. blood samples were collected and analyzed for hev antibodies (igg and igm) using enzyme-linked ... | 2014 | 25512696 |
| renal transplantation in 2014: renal transplantation-reducing risk and improving outcome. | several studies published in 2014 might facilitate improvements in the treatment and long-term care of renal transplant recipients. the potential risks of living kidney donation, the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab-based induction therapy, and the treatment of chronic hepatitis e virus infection have been addressed. | 2015 | 25511759 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in patients with clinical diagnosis of viral hepatitis in colombia]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emergent virus of global importance; it is the etiological agent of sporadic cases and outbreaks of hepatitis. the epidemiology of this infection in colombia is unknown. | 2014 | 25504123 |
| first report of chronic hepatitis e in renal transplant recipients in portugal. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can be responsible for chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients, and can rapidly evolve into fibrosis and/or hepatic cirrhosis. we present two cases of chronic hepatitis e, emphasizing the need to be aware of this entity as a growing etiology of hepatitis in transplant and immunocompromised patients. | 2014 | 25500665 |
| establishment of hepatitis e virus infection-permissive and -non-permissive human hepatoma plc/prf/5 subclones. | plc/prf/5 cells show limited permissiveness, meaning that almost all subclones are permissive; however, some subclones do not exhibit permissiveness for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. in this study, the single-cell cloning of plc/prf/5 was performed and heterogeneous subclones characterized. notably, the efficiency of intracellular virus replication did not correlate with the permissiveness for hev infection. however, as well as binding permissive subclones, virus-like particles bound non-pe ... | 2015 | 25495578 |
| [analysis of epidemiologic and etiology of hepatitis e in hangzhou, 2004-2011]. | to comprehend the epidemiologic of hepatitis e and genetic characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) in hangzhou from 2004 to 2011. | 2014 | 25492286 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in pork liver sausages. | hepatitis e infection is regarded as an emerging public-health concern. the disease is normally self-limiting (mortality rate 1%), but chronic infections have recently been observed in transplanted patients. the etiological agent hev is a small rna virus infecting both humans and animals. in humans, the disease may be food-borne and pig is a main reservoir for zoonotic strains. in the present study, we evaluated the presence of hev and swine fecal cross-contamination in pork liver sausages sold ... | 2015 | 25462920 |
| survival of porcine teschovirus as a surrogate virus on pork chops during storage at 2°c. | due to the lack of an efficient cultivation system, little is known about the stability and inactivation of hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, there is a lack of information on which cultivable virus(es) are suitable as model or surrogate viruses for hev. murine norovirus (mnv) and f-rna coliphage ms2 are potential surrogates and f-rna coliphages are a potential indicator for enteric viruses. however, the numbers of f-rna coliphages excreted by swine are relatively low. in contrast, porcine t ... | 2015 | 25461604 |
| hepatitis e virus and coliphages in waters proximal to swine concentrated animal feeding operations. | north carolina is the second leading state in pork production in the united states, with over 10 million swine. swine manure in nc is typically collected and stored in open-pit lagoons before the liquid waste is sprayed onto agricultural fields for disposal. components of this waste may be able to impact surface water quality with the potential for human exposure. this study examined viruses of public health concern in creeks adjacent to swine concentrated animal feeding operation (cafo) spray f ... | 2015 | 25461050 |
| toll like receptors in self-recovering hepatitis e patients with or without pregnancy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes high mortality among pregnant women. pathogenesis of hev, especially during pregnancy, is poorly understood. our aim was to assess the role of toll-like-receptors (tlrs) in hepatitis e patients with pregnancy (antenatal care, anc) or without pregnancy (non-anc). the patient categories included acute-phase, non-anc (n=46) and anc patients (2nd/3rd trimesters, n=13) and non-anc patients (n=31) during convalescence. controls included apparently healthy non-anc (n=30) ... | 2014 | 25454620 |
| absence of occult hepatitis e virus infection among hiv immunosuppressed patients. | | 2015 | 25453620 |
| hepatitis e as a cause of acute jaundice syndrome in northern uganda, 2010-2012. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries; however, its contribution to acute jaundice syndrome is not well-described. a large outbreak of hepatitis e occurred in northern uganda from 2007 to 2009. in response to this outbreak, acute jaundice syndrome surveillance was established in 10 district healthcare facilities to determine the proportion of cases attributable to hepatitis e. of 347 acute jaundice syndrome cases reported, the majority (42%) h ... | 2015 | 25448237 |
| evidence of hepatitis e infection in swine and humans in the east region of romania. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered to be a new zoonotic agent due to its close genomic resemblance to the human hev. the aim of this study was to determine human hev seroprevalence in eastern romania and to characterize circulating swine hev sequences. | 2014 | 25447729 |
| oral immunization with recombinant hepatitis e virus antigen displayed on the lactococcus lactis surface enhances orf2-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice. | hepatitis e virus (hev) as a recognized zoonotic pathogen has posed global burden on public health, which is exacerbated by lack of efficient vaccine. in this study, we constructed a recombinant (inaq-orf2 gene fusion) lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) strain nz3900 that expresses and displays the hepatitis e virus antigen orf2 utilizing an ice uncleation protein-based anchor system. after oral vaccination of balb/c mice, significantly higher levels of orf2-specific mucosal iga and serum igg were d ... | 2015 | 25445956 |
| seroepidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus in western yunnan province. | to investigate the seroepidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus (hev) in western yunnan province. | 2014 | 25441993 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in mennonites in mexico. | the seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in mennonites has not been studied. we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-hev igg antibodies in mennonites in durango, mexico, and to compare it with the seroprevalence in general population in rural durango. the socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics of mennonites associated with hev seropositivity were also investigated. | 2015 | 25436027 |
| natural and experimental hepatitis e virus genotype 3-infection in european wild boar is transmissible to domestic pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis e in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialised countries. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with domestic pig and wild boar. however, little is known about the course of hev infection in european wild boar and their role in hev transmission to domestic pigs. to investigate the transmissibility and pathogenesis of wild boar- ... | 2014 | 25421429 |
| ferret hepatitis e virus infection in japan. | we examined 85 fecal samples from pet ferrets in 10 animal hospitals in japan for the detection of ferret hepatitis e virus (hev) rna. we found that 6 (7.1%) of the samples were positive for ferret hev rna. phylogenetic analysis based on the partial orf1 indicated that these ferret hev strains were clearly separated from the netherlands strains and were divided into 2 distinct clusters. these results suggest that ferret hev is genetically diverse, and since ferrets are not indigenous to japan, f ... | 2015 | 25420653 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 in yak, northwestern china. | | 2014 | 25419958 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) in liver biopsies after liver transplantation. | we aimed to determine the rate of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, a recently increasingly recognized disease in the western world, in liver transplant patients by direct molecular testing of liver tissue. a rt-pcr assay was designed for detecting the hev open reading frame (orf) 2/3 gene region in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and applied to all liver biopsies (n=683) taken 4 weeks or later from all patients (n=282) after liver transplantation of two large academic centers. hev-r ... | 2015 | 25412844 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus in slaughter-age pigs in scotland. | the prevalence of anti-hev isotype-specific antibodies and viraemia were investigated in serum samples collected from slaughter-age pigs (aged 22-24 weeks) from 23 farms in scotland. of 176 serum samples tested, 29·0% (n = 51) were anti-hev igg positive, 36·9% (n = 65) anti-hev iga positive and 29·0% (n = 51) anti-hev igm positive. overall seroprevalence (anti-hev igg+ and/or iga+ and/or igm+) was 61·4% (n = 108). hev rna was detected in 72/162 serum samples (44·4%). partial sequence of orf2 (98 ... | 2015 | 25410494 |
| hepatitis e virus in sylvatic and captive wild boar from portugal. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic agent today considered a major public health issue in industrialized countries. hev strains belonging to zoonotic genotype 3 are widely present in swine, being today considered important reservoirs for human disease. unlike in swine, only scarce data are available on the circulation of hev in wild boar. this study describes the detection and molecular characterization of hev in livers from sylvatic wild boar hunted in portugal and destined for consumption. a ... | 2016 | 25405272 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) and detection of hev rna with a transcription-mediated amplification assay in blood donors from catalonia (spain). | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging threat to the safety of blood transfusion. the aim of this study was to determine hev immunoglobulin (ig)g and rna prevalence in catalan blood donors. | 2015 | 25403913 |
| risk factors for hepatitis e virus infection and disease. | hepatitis e, caused by hepatitis e virus, is a disease of global significance, causing 20 million infections each year. genotypes 1 and 2 have vastly different epidemiological patterns from genotypes 3 and 4. in genotype 1 and 2 endemic areas, most infections and illness occur in persons 15-30 years of age, with pregnant women being the most likely to experience severe disease. in genotype 3 and 4 endemic areas, most infections and illness occur in those of age 40-60 years, with males representi ... | 2015 | 25399510 |
| new foe treated with old guns - supportive role of steroids in the treatment of acute severe hepatitis e. | autochthonous hepatitis e has been observed with growing incidence in industrialized countries. hepatitis e virus infection causes an acute hepatitis with spontaneous resolution in the majority of cases. however, in individual cases, hepatitis e may lead to life-threatening acute liver failure. in this report, we describe a case of acute liver injury caused by an autochthonous hepatitis e that resolved under steroid treatment. to our knowledge, this is the first case report describing supportive ... | 2014 | 25398314 |
| acute fulminant hepatitis e virus genotype 3e infection: description of the first case in europe. | | 2015 | 25390687 |
| rna transcripts of full-length cdna clones of rabbit hepatitis e virus are infectious in rabbits. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, is a single-stranded positive-sense rna virus belonging to the family hepeviridae. at least four genotypes of the family infect humans: genotypes 1 and 2 are transmitted to humans through contaminated water, while genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and have animal reservoirs. a novel strain of hev recently identified in rabbits is a distant member of genotype 3, and thus poses a potential risk of zoonotic transmission to humans. the object ... | 2014 | 25381057 |
| complete genome sequence of a rat hepatitis e virus strain isolated in the united states. | hepatitis e virus is a common cause of acute hepatitis in humans. related viruses have been isolated from multiple animal species, including rats, but their impact on human health is unclear. we present the first full-length genome sequence of a rat hepatitis e virus strain isolated in the united states (la-b350). | 2014 | 25377700 |
| analysis of hepatitis e virus-like sequence in chimpanzee. | | 2014 | 25368657 |
| naked viruses that aren't always naked: quasi-enveloped agents of acute hepatitis. | historically, viruses were considered to be either enveloped or nonenveloped. however, recent work on hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus challenges this long-held tenet. whereas these human pathogens are shed in feces as naked nonenveloped virions, recent studies indicate that both circulate in the blood completely masked in membranes during acute infection. these membrane-wrapped virions are as infectious as their naked counterparts, although they do not express a virally encoded protein o ... | 2014 | 26958733 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in china: results from the third national viral hepatitis prevalence survey, 2005-2006. | in china, hepatitis e virus (hev) is prevalent and causes disease, but its epidemiological profile is not well understood. we used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect total antibodies to hepatitis e virus in 15,862 serum samples collected during the third national viral hepatitis prevalence survey. the results were analyzed to calculate estimates of hev seroprevalence and to examine the effects of some putative risk factors. the seroprevalence of hev in the general chinese p ... | 2014 | 25360522 |
| hepatitis e virus and implications for blood supply safety, australia. | | 2014 | 25341023 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in blood donors, france. | we screened plasma samples (minipools of 96 samples, corresponding to 53,234 blood donations) from france that had been processed with solvent-detergent for hepatitis e virus rna. the detection rate was 1 hev-positive sample/2,218 blood donations. most samples (22/24) from viremic donors were negative for igg and igm against hev. | 2014 | 25340881 |
| frequent hepatitis e virus contamination in food containing raw pork liver, france. | food products containing raw pork liver are suspected to be vehicles for transmission of hepatitis e virus. four categories of food products, comprising 394 samples, were analyzed to determine hepatitis e virus prevalence. virus was detected in 3%-30% of the different categories. phylogenetic analysis showed high identity with human and swine sequences. | 2014 | 25340373 |
| foodborne transmission of hepatitis e virus from raw pork liver sausage, france. | | 2014 | 25340356 |
| fatal outcome of autochthonous hepatitis e in a patient with b cell lymphoma in southeastern france. | we describe a case of fatal fulminant hepatitis e concomitant to malignant b cell lymphoma in a 73-year-old french woman. infection was with an autochthonous hepatitis e virus of genotype 3f. frequent consumption of uncooked pig liver sausage (figatellu) was the only risk factor found. | 2015 | 25339404 |
| [search for rna of the hepatitis e virus autochthonous for russia in the most likely infection sources]. | the research carried out for 30 years from the moment of hepatitis e virus (hev) discovery has proved the presence of the autochthonous hev in non-endemic areas: europe and russia. monitoring of the hev antibodies (anti-hev) among the russian population has revealed regions with increased seroprevalence that testifies to high probability of local hev infection in these areas. contact with hev can represent special danger for patients of the risk groups. in this work, the blood sera testing was c ... | 2014 | 25335410 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence among hemodialysis and hemophiliac patients in tunisia (north africa). | the aims of this study are to determine seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in tunisian blood donors and to evaluate its risk of parenteral transmission. sera collected from 426 blood donors were tested for hev igg by indirect elisa. individuals were recruited from two national transfusion centers, in the north and the south of the country. seroprevalence of hev igg was then compared with two other groups with increased risk of exposure to parenterally transmitted agents: 80 hemophiliac an ... | 2015 | 25331682 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies in serbian blood donors. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is rarely reported in industrialized countries, but recent studies have revealed quite variable seroprevalence rates among european populations, including blood donors. in serbia, very limited data about hev seroprevalence are available. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-hev igg antibodies and hev rna in the sera of volunteer blood donors in serbia. | 2014 | 25313610 |
| hepatitis e virus genotypes 1 and 3 in wastewater samples in tunisia. | hepatitis e represents an important public-health concern throughout the world. it is one of the leading causes of hepatitis in north africa, asia and the middle east. in tunisia, the true burden of hev infection is still unknown. the objectives of the present study were to assess the occurrence of hepatitis e virus in tunisia through the monitoring of urban sewage and to characterize the strains identified using molecular assays. a total of 150 sewage samples (raw and treated) were collected fr ... | 2015 | 25307960 |
| extra-hepatic manifestations of autochthonous hepatitis e infection. | autochthonous (locally acquired) hepatitis e is increasingly recognised in developed countries, and is thought to be a porcine zoonosis. a range of extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis e infection have been described, but have never been systematically studied. | 2014 | 25303615 |
| hepatitis e infection in a renal transplant recipient. | an asymptomatic 35-year-old renal transplant recipient was noted to have deranged liver function tests. liver biopsy revealed a portal inflammatory process with mild lobular activity and portal fibrous expansion, consistent with a virally mediated process. an extensive viral screen confirmed infection with hepatitis e virus genotype 3 (hev-3). there is increased awareness about locally acquired hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in the transplant population in the uk. the important implications o ... | 2014 | 25295201 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus in domestic swine and wild boar in germany. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging non-enveloped positive strand rna virus with worldwide distribution that can cause acute liver disease in humans. the virus has also been detected in both domestic and wild animals. in this study we investigated the presence of hev in free-living wild boar as well as in domestic swine. a total of 105 domestic swine fecal samples and 124 wild boar sera were tested for the presence of hev rna by rt-pcr. a 241 nucleotide (nt) fragment from the capsid gene of h ... | 2014 | 25287630 |
| serological and virological survey of hepatitis e virus in wild boar populations in northwestern italy: detection of hev subtypes 3e and 3f. | although rare in developed countries, most acquired human cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are associated with travel to developing countries where hev is endemic. increasingly, however, sporadic, non-travel-related hev cases have been reported in developed countries. in italy, only two studies to date have investigated the presence of hev in wild boars. here, we report a serological and virological survey of hev in wild boar populations in northwestern italy. during the hunting season ... | 2015 | 25283611 |
| evidence of mapk-jnk1/2 activation by hepatitis e virus orf3 protein in cultured hepatoma cells. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has recently emerged to cause chronic infection in some immunosuppressed individuals, including extrahepatic manifestations in acute and chronic patients. mammalian mapk-jnk1/2 is expressed in hepatocytes, which is known to be involved in anti-apoptotic signaling pathway for the establishment of persistent infection. though in vitro modulation of cellular mapk-erk cascade by hev-orf3 protein is suggested to have a role in host pathobiology, activation of the jnk module ha ... | 2015 | 25280525 |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection in a pediatric female liver transplant recipient. | we describe a case of chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a 13-year-old female liver transplant recipient with recurrent increased aminotransferase levels and acute cellular rejection. this finding demonstrates that chronic hev infection can occur and should be further investigated in immunocompromised patients in latin america. | 2014 | 25275004 |
| [hepatitis e virus: blood transfusion implications]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a non-enveloped rna virus transmitted by the fecal-oral route. autochthonous hepatitis e occurring in developed countries is caused by genotypes 3 and 4 and is a zoonotic infection. humans are infected mostly after ingestion of undercooked meat from infected animals. most hev 3 and 4 infections are clinically inapparent. however, genotype 3 (hev 3) can lead to chronic hepatitis in immuno-compromised patients such as organ-transplant recipients and patients with haemato ... | 2014 | 25267201 |
| lack of persistent hepatitis e virus infection as a cause for unexplained transaminase elevation in renal transplant recipients in india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is highly endemic in india, being the most common cause of acute hepatitis; however, no case of chronic infection has been reported. all the human isolates of hev from india till date have belonged to genotype 1. in contrast, in non-endemic areas, genotype 3 is the most prevalent, and persistent hev infection has been reported among solid-organ transplant recipients. whether persistent infection occurs with genotype 1 hev is unclear. we therefore looked for evid ... | 2014 | 25266354 |
| chlorine inactivation of hepatitis e virus and human adenovirus 2 in water. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and has been recognized as a common source of large waterborne outbreaks involving contaminated water in developing countries. thus, there is the need to produce experimental data on the disinfection kinetics of hev by chlorine in water samples with diverse levels of fecal contamination. here, the inactivation of hev and human adenovirus c serotype 2 (hadv2), used as a reference virus, was monitored using immunofluorescence and quan ... | 2014 | 25252347 |
| protracted fecal shedding of hev during ribavirin therapy predicts treatment relapse. | twenty-four solid-organ-transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections were given ribavirin therapy for 3 months. all the patients with protracted fecal hev shedding during treatment suffered a relapse. monitoring hev fecal excretion could be used to determine the optimal duration of ribavirin therapy. | 2015 | 25249523 |
| hepatitis e in germany--an under-reported infectious disease. | at least 17% of the population in germany has been infected with the hepatitis e virus (hev); thus, hev infections are more frequent than was previously assumed. however, fewer than 500 hev infections were reported to the robert koch institute in 2013. | 2014 | 25249359 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) seroprevalence in the general population of the republic of korea in 2007-2009: a nationwide cross-sectional study. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging pathogen associated with endemic and acute viral hepatitis. in this study, we investigate the hev seroprevalence and putative risk factors by a nationwide cross-sectional study in the republic of korea. | 2014 | 25248488 |
| [feasibility of hev vaccine as control in hpv vaccine study and comparison of serological and risk factors between hev and hpv infection among females]. | investigating the distribution of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev-igg), anti-human papillomavirus (hpv l1-igg) and risk factors among female residents in xinmi county, to explore the influencing factors of hpv vaccine study using hev vaccinated population as a control. | 2014 | 25241795 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in psychiatric patients and control subjects in shandong province, eastern china. | hepatitis e, caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), is an important global public health concern. there are conflicting reports in regard to the association of hev infection and psychiatric disorders. therefore, we investigated this association in a chinese population through a case-control seroprevalence study. | 2014 | 25220239 |
| first detection of hepatitis e virus in central argentina: environmental and serological survey. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emergent causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide, transmitted by fecal-oral route. in argentina it is considered rare, so differential laboratory testing is not routinely performed. besides, in argentina's central area epidemiological and molecular characteristics of hev are still unknown. | 2014 | 25213209 |
| identification of an antigenic domain in the n-terminal region of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein that is not common to swine and human hevs. | the antigenic domains located in the c-terminal 268 amino acid residues of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein have been characterized. this region shares common epitopes with swine and human hevs. however, epitopes in the n-terminal 338 amino acid residues have never been reported. in this study, an antigenic domain located between amino acids 23 and 85 was identified by indirect elisa using the truncated recombinant capsid proteins as coating antigens and anti-avian hev chicken sera a ... | 2014 | 25209807 |
| [construction and investigation of a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector for expressing the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus in bhk-21 fibroblasts]. | to construct a eukaryotic expression vector to express the hepatitis e virus protein open reading frame 3 (orf3) and investigate the intracellular location of the expressed protein using the baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) fibroblast cell line. | 2014 | 25203800 |
| [serum anti-hepatitis e virus igg antibody and risk factors among female residents of xinmi in henan province]. | to determine the distribution of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg antibody and anti-human papilloma virus (hpv) igg antibody among female residents of xinmi and investigate the risk factors of hev infection. | 2014 | 25203701 |
| reply to "does chronic hepatitis e virus infection exist in immunocompetent patients?". | | 2015 | 25203636 |
| the impact of hepatitis e in the liver transplant setting. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been identified as a cause of graft hepatitis in liver transplant recipients. the true frequency and clinical importance of hev infections after liver transplantations is a matter of debate. it is proposed that consumption of hev-contaminated undercooked meat is a main source for hev infections in developed countries--which might also account for some hepatitis e cases after organ transplantation. however, hev is also transmitted by transfusion of blood prod ... | 2014 | 25195557 |
| meeting report: 2013 pda virus & tse safety forum. | the report provides a summary of the presentations and discussions at the virus & tse safety forum 2013 organized by the parenteral drug association (pda) and held in berlin, germany, from june 4 to 6, 2013. the conference was accompanied by a workshop, "virus spike preparations and virus removal by filtration: new trends and developments". the presentations and the discussion at the workshop are summarized in a separate report that will be published in this issue of the journal as well. as with ... | 2016 | 25188343 |
| hepatitis e virus of subtype 3i in chronically infected kidney transplant recipients in southeastern france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a leading cause of waterborne acute hepatitis in developing countries. in europe, hev causes a zoonotic disease and is hyperendemic in southern france. four hev genotypes (1 to 4) have been defined, and the most used classification divides them into 24 subtypes. autochthonous european hev strains belong in majority to genotype 3. subtypes 3c, 3f, and 3e are representative of the hev diversity in france. hev causes chronic hepatitis in solid-organ transplant recipients ... | 2014 | 25187634 |
| genetic heterogeneity of swine hepatitis e virus isolates from yunnan province, china in 2011-2012. | hepatitis e is a disease of major public-health concern mainly in developing countries. although molecular and sero-epidemiological investigations of hev have been performed in many provinces in china, the epidemiological data from yunnan province are limited and genotypes are not be fully characterized. in this study the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) detected in pigs from yunnan province, china was evaluated. | 2014 | 25187005 |
| clinical profile, maternal and fetal outcomes of acute hepatitis e in pregnancy. | pregnant women are at increased risk of complications in hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, with the risk increasing as the pregnancy progresses, often leading to fulminant hepatic failure and adverse fetal outcome. | 2014 | 25184080 |
| a mutation in the hepatitis e virus rna polymerase promotes its replication and associates with ribavirin treatment failure in organ transplant recipients. | we analyzed blood samples collected from 15 patients with chronic hepatitis e who were recipients of solid-organ transplants. all patients cleared the hepatitis e virus (hev) except for 2 (nonresponders); 1 patient died. a g1634r mutation in viral polymerase was detected in the hev rna of the nonresponders; this mutation did not provide the virus with resistance to ribavirin in vitro. however, the mutant form of a subgenomic replicon of genotype 3 hev replicated more efficiently in vitro than he ... | 2014 | 25181691 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus among pregnant women and control subjects in china. | hepatitis e infection, caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), is an important global public health concern, with particularly high mortality in pregnant women. china is generally judged to be an hev-endemic area, but epidemiological data for hev among pregnant women are limited. between june 2011 and july 2013, a case-control study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence and potential risk factors associated with the acquisition of hev infection by pregnant women in china. nine-hundred and ... | 2015 | 25164987 |
| hepatitis e in australian hiv-infected patients: an under-recognised pathogen? | background hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has been found to cause chronic hepatitis in hiv-infected patients. in australia, where hev is nonendemic, background seroprevalence is reportedly low but has not been evaluated in the hiv-infected population. the study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hev in a cohort of hiv-infected patients with normal liver function and in another group with biochemical hepatitis. | 2014 | 25162285 |
| hepatitis e virus exposure in pregnant women in rural durango, mexico. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection represents a risk for mortality in pregnant women. the seroepidemiology of hev infection in rural pregnant women in the americas is largely unknown. the aim of the study was to determine the seroepidemiology of anti-hev igg antibodies in rural pregnant women in durango, mexico. | 2015 | 25152983 |
| hepatitis e virus: chronic infection, extra-hepatic manifestations, and treatment. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a worldwide disease. an improved understanding of the natural history of hev infection has been achieved within the last decade. several reservoirs and transmission modes have been identified. it is an underdiagnosed disease because of the use of low-sensitivity serological assays; however, diagnostics tools, including nucleic-acid tests, have improved. hev infection is usually an acute self-limiting disease, but causes chronic infection with rapidly progress ... | 2015 | 25150374 |
| pork consumption and seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus,thailand, 2007-2008. | the nationwide seroprevalence of hepatitis e igg was determined among young men in thailand. overall seroprevalence was 14% (95% ci 13%-15%); range by province was 3%-26%. seroprevalence was lowest in the south, an area predominantly occupied by persons of the islam religion, whose dietary laws proscribe pork. | 2014 | 25148245 |
| decline in hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence in the united states from 1988-1994 to 2009-2010. | previous population-based estimates in the united states have shown a relatively high prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody. we sought to determine whether changes in the prevalence of hev antibody have occurred over time. | 2015 | 25147277 |
| early-life hepatitis e infection in pigs: the importance of maternally-derived antibodies. | passive immunity (pi), acquired through colostrum intake, is essential for piglet protection against pathogens. maternally-derived antibodies (mdas) can decrease the transmission of pathogens between individuals by reducing shedding from infected animals and/or susceptibility of naïve animals. only a limited number of studies, however, have been carried out to quantify the level of protection conferred by pi in terms of transmission. in the present study, an original modeling framework was desig ... | 2014 | 25144763 |
| crystal structure of a nematode-infecting virus. | orsay, the first virus discovered to naturally infect caenorhabditis elegans or any nematode, has a bipartite, positive-sense rna genome. sequence analyses show that orsay is related to nodaviruses, but molecular characterizations of orsay reveal several unique features, such as the expression of a capsid-δ fusion protein and the use of an atg-independent mechanism for translation initiation. here we report the crystal structure of an orsay virus-like particle assembled from recombinant capsid p ... | 2014 | 25136116 |
| acute fulminant hepatitis e virus genotype 3e infection: description of the first case in europe. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most important causative agent of acute hepatitis in developing countries. the disease is usually characterized by a self-limiting, benign course. however, when particular conditions coexist (pregnancy, old age, pre-existing liver disease) it may run an unfavourable course. to date, 4 hev genotypes have been described. historically, in the western world, hev infection was considered a travel-related disease, however in the last 2 decades a great number of non-trave ... | 2014 | 25134653 |
| safety measures to prevent hepatitis e virus transmission by blood transfusion. | | 2014 | 25130335 |
| mode of swine hepatitis e virus infection and replication in primary human hepatocytes. | the aim of this study was to investigate the infection and replication of swine-derived hepatitis e virus (hev) in primary cultured human hepatocytes (phcs). hepatocytes were cultured from the resected normal livers of patients with metastatic tumours. these cultured hepatocytes were infected with swine-derived genotype 3 or 4 hev. viral replication was monitored using reverse transcriptase-quantitative pcr. the amount of hev rna increased in the culture media and cells following infection. immu ... | 2014 | 25114028 |
| hepatitis e virus inhibits type i interferon induction by orf1 products. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes both endemic and epidemic human hepatitis by fecal-oral transmission in many parts of the world. zoonotic transmission of hev from animals to humans has been reported. due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system, the molecular mechanisms of hev infection remain largely unknown. in this study, we found that hev replication in hepatoma cells inhibited poly(i·c)-induced beta interferon (ifn-β) expression and that the hev open reading frame 1 (orf1) product was ... | 2014 | 25100852 |
| characterization of the polyproline region of the hepatitis e virus in immunocompromised patients. | little is known about virus adaptation in immunocompromised patients with chronic genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev3) infections. virus-host recombinant strains have been isolated recently from chronically infected patients. the nature and incidence of such recombinant events occurring during infections of solid-organ transplant (sot) recipients are essentially unknown. the polyproline region (ppr) of strains isolated from sot patients was sequenced during the acute-infection phase (n = 59) and ... | 2014 | 25100839 |
| novel molecular alterations in the orf 2 capsid gene of hepatitis e virus in patients with acute liver failure in north india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is evolving as a major global threat to public health, including in developed countries. we partially sequenced the orf 2 capsid protein genes of hev genomes from patients with acute liver failure, including pregnant women in the northern part of india. five unique synonymous substitutions and one non-synonymous substitution, along with a novel mutation, p259s, in the capsid gene, were identified that might be associated with the poor outcome in the patients. phylogenetic ... | 2014 | 25100237 |
| hepatitis e virus in blood components: a prevalence and transmission study in southeast england. | the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 infections in the english population (including blood donors) is unknown, but is probably widespread, and the virus has been detected in pooled plasma products. hev-infected donors have been retrospectively identified through investigation of reported cases of possible transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e. the frequency of hev transmission by transfusion and its outcome remains unknown. we report the prevalence of hev rna in blood donations, th ... | 2014 | 25078306 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in farmed rabbits and swine in the eastern chinese city lianyungang: showing no potential interspecies transmission. | rabbit hev isolated recently from farmed rabbits in china has been shown experimentally to be able to infect both cynomolgus macaques and pigs. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which cross-species transmission of rabbit hev in farm settings is a significant factor in the spread of this zoonotic infection. rabbit and swine feces were collected from the same area in eastern china (lianyungang city) and analyzed by rt-pcr. partial genome sequencing of a 365 bp regio ... | 2014 | 25069969 |
| hepeviridae: an expanding family of vertebrate viruses. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) was first identified in 1990, although hepatitis e-like diseases in humans have been recorded for a long time dating back to the 18th century. the hev genotypes 1-4 have been subsequently detected in human hepatitis e cases with different geographical distribution and different modes of transmission. genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified in parallel in pigs, wild boars and other animal species and their zoonotic potential has been confirmed. until 2010, these genotyp ... | 2014 | 25050488 |
| mtor-inhibitors may aggravate chronic hepatitis e. | | 2014 | 25046849 |
| hepatitis e genotype 4 virus from feces of monkeys infected experimentally can be cultured in plc/prf/5 cells and upregulate host interferon-inducible genes. | the understanding of the interaction between hepatitis e virus (hev) and its host cells has been impeded greatly by the absence of a cell culture system. in this study, an efficient cultivation method was developed in plc/prf/5 cells for hev genotype 4 from the feces of monkeys infected experimentally. compared to minimal essential medium (mem), mixed dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (dmem)/m199 improved the infection efficiency of hev in plc/prf/5 cells. the incubation time and temperature we ... | 2014 | 25042677 |
| rare case of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e from the blood of a donor infected with the hepatitis e virus genotype 3 indigenous to japan: viral dynamics from onset to recovery. | the transfusion transmission of hepatitis e can occur even in non-endemic areas in the world as autochthonous hepatitis e has been increasingly reported in developed countries where the hepatitis e virus (hev) is not prevalent. we investigated the post-transfusion transmission of hepatitis e in a patient by molecularly confirming its presence, and characterized the viral kinetics of hev in this case. | 2015 | 25041213 |
| seroprevalence study of hepatitis e virus infection in two districts of the czech republic. | the aim of this work was to retrospectively examine serum samples from 230 people living in two districts in the czech republic in year 1989 (znojmo and jihlava) for the igg antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev). for examination, commercial elisa kit dia.pro was used and 13 seropositive persons were found, i.e. 5.7% of those examined. the seropositivity rate was higher in women (6.8%) than in men (3.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. the age of examined persons did n ... | 2014 | 25025670 |
| hepatitis e virus in patients with acute severe liver injury. | to examine the incidence of hepatitis e (hepe) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit. | 2014 | 25018853 |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an important differential diagnosis for graft versus host disease. | | 2015 | 25015055 |
| comparison of three in-house elisas for the detection of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs under field conditions. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a rna non-enveloped virus that comprises four genotypes. the genome of hev is organized into three open reading frames (orfs), and the orf2 is responsible for encoding capsid proteins. hev can infect a wide range of hosts, and pigs are considered the main reservoir. hev infection is considered a zoonosis and it is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans, especially in developing countries. the development of a blocking elisa would be of high value for screening purpo ... | 2014 | 25010789 |
| identification and characterization of avian hepatitis e virus in 2013 outbreaks of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in two us layer operations. | two commercial midwestern egg-type chicken flocks experienced significant increases in mortality rates in april 2013 with clinical signs appearing in 17-week-old pullets on farm a and in 46-week-old hens on farm b. average weekly mortality was 0.44% over a 4-week period on farm a and 0.17% over an 8-week period on farm b. on farm a, flocks in the affected house had a 45% decrease in daily egg production from weeks 19 to 27 when compared with standard egg production curves (p < 0.01) while no dec ... | 2014 | 25010035 |
| hepatitis e in patients with hepatic disorders and hiv-infected patients in croatia: is one diagnostic method enough for hepatitis e diagnosis? | we assessed hepatitis e virus (hev) seroprevalence in patients with hepatic disorders as well as in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients and emphasised the issue of possible non-specific anti-hev seroresponse and need for combining diagnostic methods for hepatitis e diagnosis. over a two-year period, from march 2011 to february 2013, we determined anti-hev immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg by enzyme immunoassays (eia; mikrogen, germany) in 504 hepatitis patients negative for acute v ... | 2014 | 25005459 |
| first report of hepatitis e virus circulation in domestic pigs in nigeria. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans. zoonotic transmission between pigs and humans has been confirmed. human hev infection is common in nigeria; however, characterization of hev infection in other species was lacking. the objective of this study was to investigate hev infection in nigerian pigs. a total of 286 serum samples from six states in nigeria were tested for presence of anti-hev igg. ninety fecal samples from one of these states (plateau state) were ... | 2014 | 25002299 |