| multiplication in egg yolk and survival in egg albumen of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strains of phage types 4, 8, 13a, and 14b. | refrigeration of eggs is vital for restricting the multiplication of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis contaminants, but differences between salmonella enteritidis strains or phage types in their survival and multiplication patterns in egg contents might influence the effectiveness of refrigeration standards. the present study compared the abilities of 12 salmonella enteritidis isolates of four phage types (4, 8, 13a, and 14b) to multiply rapidly in egg yolk and to survive for several day ... | 2001 | 11403140 |
| citrus juice composition does not influence radiation sensitivity of salmonella enteritidis. | food substrate chemistry is known to influence radiation sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria. the sensitivity of a citrus juice outbreak strain of salmonella enteritidis to gamma radiation was determined in five commercial orange juice formulations. the juices differed in ph (3.87 to 4.13), calcium concentration (2.1 versus 36.9 mm), juice composition (orange versus orange-tangerine blend), and antioxidant power (11,751 to 12,826 microm ferric reducing-antioxidant power units). the dgamma (dose r ... | 2001 | 11403141 |
| antimicrobial effects of corn zein films impregnated with nisin, lauric acid, and edta. | bacterial growth during food transport and storage is a problem that may be addressed with packaging materials that release antimicrobials during food contact. in a series of five experiments, edta, lauric acid (la), nisin, and combinations of the three antimicrobial agents were incorporated into a corn zein film and exposed to broth cultures of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis for 48 h (sampled at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h). four experiments used starting cultures of 10(8) cfu/ ... | 2001 | 11403145 |
| mycotic (infected) aneurysm of the popliteal artery and arthritis following salmonella bacteriemia. | we report a case of a mycotic (infected) aneurysm of the popliteal artery due to salmonella enteritidis. the clinical presentation may be confused with other more common causes of diffuse swollen leg, causing a delay in the diagnosis and proper therapy. prompt surgical resection of the infected aneurysm together with medical therapy is required for successful treatment. | 2001 | 11407089 |
| response of foodborne salmonella spp. marker strains inoculated on egg shell surfaces to disinfectants in a commercial egg washer. | the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an iodine based disinfectant (ibd, iocide, biomedical development corporation, san antonio, tx) on salmonella enteritidis and s. typhimurium inoculated on egg shell surfaces under simulated industry egg processing conditions with a commercial egg washer used as the sanitizer delivery system. re-circulated egg washer water containing 1.40-2.85 g/l total dissolved solids was obtained from a commercial egg processing. sanitizing trea ... | 2001 | 11409500 |
| reca genotyping of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | to subtype salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates by using reca genotyping. | 2001 | 11412356 |
| a weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis. | this article describes the development of a weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis. data from previously reported human challenge studies were categorized into two different groups representing low and moderately virulent/pathogenic salmonella strains based on a disease end point. because epidemiological data indicate that some salmonella strains are particularly pathogenic, and in the absence of human feeding study data for such strains, shigella dysenteriae was used as ... | 2001 | 11414538 |
| detection and screening of salmonella enteritidis-infected chickens with recombinant flagellin. | screening and identification of salmonella enteritidis in commercial poultry flocks have assumed principal roles in preventing transmission of this pathogen to humans from hen eggs. serologic diagnosis of s. enteritidis infection in commercial flocks currently relies on laboratory-based tests for detection of antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide, whole flagella, and bacteria. we amplified a sequence from the g,m flagellin of s. enteritidis, followed by cloning, expression, and purification of th ... | 2001 | 11417820 |
| the relationship between the magnitude of the specific antibody response to experimental salmonella enteritidis infection in laying hens and their production of contaminated eggs. | detecting infected laying flocks is a vital part of many efforts to control egg-associated transmission of salmonella enteritidis to humans. the relationship between the development of a specific antibody response in infected hens and the deposition of s. enteritidis in eggs is important for establishing the epidemiologic relevance of serologic testing methods. in two trials, laying hens were infected with large oral doses of phage types 13a and 14b isolates of s. enteritidis. approximately 38% ... | 2001 | 11417822 |
| comparison of heterophil phagocytosis for heterophil-adapted salmonella enteritidis (hase) and wild-type salmonella enteritidis (se). | serial passage of salmonella enteritidis (se) yields heterophil-adapted se (hase) strains that have resulted in decreased shedding of se in feces and reduced egg contamination. additionally, increasing the number of heterophil passages further reduced the number and frequency of fecal shedding. to evaluate se and heterophil interaction, nine se strains were fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled when viable. there were six wild-types: se tk 474, se tk 584, se tk 599, se tk 600, se tk 655, and se tk ... | 2001 | 11417823 |
| in vivo biologic effects of recombinant-turkey interferon-gamma in neonatal leghorn chicks: protection against salmonella enteritidis organ invasion. | interferon-gamma (ifngamma) has been demonstrated to have potent stimulatory effects on parameters of cell-mediated immunity in chickens (11). protection of neonatal leghorn chickens against infection by invasive salmonellae has been associated with enhanced cell-mediated indices of immunity (5). the present investigation evaluated the effect of recombinant-turkey (rt) ifn-gamma on protection of neonatal leghorn chicks from salmonella enteritidis (se) organ invasion after experimental challenge ... | 2001 | 11417831 |
| effect of prolonged heat stress in single-comb white leghorn hens on progeny resistance to salmonella enteritidis organ invasion. | in our laboratory, we have often had difficulty infecting neonatal chickens with invasive salmonellae when ambient temperatures exceed 30 c. we hypothesized that this increased resistance in chicks during warmer months may be associated with heat stress-associated maternal factors. presently, single-comb white leghorn hens were separated into a non-heat-stressed group, reared under temperatures from approximately 10 to 24 c, and a heat-stressed group, in which environmental temperature was incre ... | 2001 | 11417832 |
| lipopolysaccharide o-chain microheterogeneity of salmonella serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium. | variability in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of the two most prevalent salmonella serotypes causing food-borne salmonellosis was assessed using gas chromatography analysis of neutral sugars from 43 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) and 20 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) isolates. four substantially different types of o-chain chemotypes were detected using cluster analysis of sugar compositions; these were low-molecular-mass (lmm) lps, glucosylated l ... | 2001 | 11422320 |
| risk of enteric illness associated with travel: a case review of gastroenteritis among canadian travellers: january to april, 2000. | | 2001 | 11428234 |
| sensitive and rapid immunoassays for salmonella enteritidis. | in order to develop more sensitive, specific, and rapid immunoassays to detect salmonella enteritidis in food supplies, we have applied various approaches by using several different antibody preparations. utilizing elisa in both a plate and immunodot assay, we employed (i) a polycolonal rabbit antiserum to a boiled suspension of the organism; (ii) a monoclonal antibody to the cell surface of the bacterium; and (iii) mouse antisera to two oligosaccharides each containing the rare sugar tyvelose, ... | 2001 | 11436196 |
| analysis of salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from food-poisoning cases in taiwan by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, plasmid profile and phage typing. | to establish the molecular typing data for salmonella enteritidis due to its increasing role in salmonella infections in taiwan. | 2001 | 11442716 |
| [empyema due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis]. | | 2001 | 11446917 |
| [salmonella sp. meningitis in the adult. case report and review of the spanish literature]. | | 2001 | 11446918 |
| [salmonella enteritidis meningitis]. | | 2001 | 11447918 |
| drug resistance of salmonella strains isolated from community infections in ankara, turkey, 1993-99. | 160 salmonella strains were isolated from children at the paediatrics department of ankara university. 48.1% of the isolates were salmonella enteritidis, 41.9% salmonella typhimurium and 10% other serotypes. for the analysis of data, the study period was divided into 2 periods: 1993-95 and 1996-99. a decline in the isolation rate of s. typhimurium (from 63.1% to 30.1%) and rapid rise in s. enteritidis (from 31.6% to 57.3) was observed during the review period. however, for s. typhimurium isolate ... | 2001 | 11450860 |
| [an outbreak of salmonella gastroenteritis among hospital workers]. | to describe and identify the causes of an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis that took place in june 1998, among tertiary care hospital workers, in mexico city. | 2001 | 11452697 |
| effect of phage on survival of salmonella enteritidis during manufacture and storage of cheddar cheese made from raw and pasteurized milk. | the ability of salmonella enteritidis to survive in the presence of phage, sj2, during manufacture, ripening, and storage of cheddar cheese produced from raw and pasteurized milk was investigated. raw milk and pasteurized milk were inoculated to contain 10(4) cfu/ml of a luminescent strain of salmonella enteritidis (lux) and 10(8) pfu/ml sj2 phage. the milks were processed into cheddar cheese following standard procedures. cheese samples were examined for salmonella enteritidis (lux), lactic aci ... | 2001 | 11456198 |
| outbreak of salmonella enteritidis gastrointestinal infections among medical staff due to contaminated food prepared outside the hospital. | | 2001 | 11461138 |
| salmonella spp. are affected by different levels of water activity in closed microcosms. | controlling water activity (a(w)) can significantly impact the growth of salmonella in poultry litter and manure - a phenomenon that was studied quantitatively using two common serotypes of salmonella. the quantitative effect of changes in levels of a(w) on salmonella populations was determined using inoculated, frosted glass rectangles placed in closed chambers (microcosms). glass rectangles with known concentrations of salmonella enteritidis and s. brandenburg were placed in microcosms maintai ... | 2001 | 11464270 |
| behaviour of pathogenic e. coli and salmonella enteritidis in small domestic sewage treatment apparatus ("johkasou"). | "johkasou" is a small sewage treatment apparatus commonly used in japan which can effectively treat domestic wastewater in places where a public sewage system is difficult to supply. the behaviour of enterohaemorrhagic e. coli o157 and salmonella enteritidis in a "johkasou" was studied. their reduction rates depended significantly on the water temperature in the "johkasou" with minimal decrease in numbers at 10 degrees c within 48 h. the reduction rates increased at 20 degrees c and 30 degrees c ... | 2001 | 11464754 |
| assessing the frequency and consequences of salmonella enteritidis deposition on the egg yolk membrane. | the site of deposition of salmonella enteritidis in eggs could influence the extent to which this pathogen multiplies before refrigeration achieves growth-inhibiting internal temperatures. the first part of this study sought to determine whether s. enteritidis inoculated onto the exterior (vitelline) membrane surface of egg yolks was able to penetrate into and multiply within the yolk contents. when 10(2) cfu of s. enteritidis was inoculated onto the exterior surface of intact egg yolks, multipl ... | 2001 | 11469668 |
| analysis of foodborne disease in belgium in 1997. | foodborne disease represents a major problem for public health in industrialized countries, albeit with a low lethality. foodborne diseases are defined as a group of viral, bacterial or parasitic gastrointestinal infections transmitted by means of food. proper food-hygiene practices and surveillance of individual diseases and in particular outbreaks are the first steps in targeting their prevention. the incidence of this illness is difficult to estimate. in the netherlands a yearly incidence of ... | 2000 | 11484420 |
| genetic line differences in survival and pathogen load in young layer chicks after salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis exposure. | early infection may result in long-term colonization of layers with salmonella enterica sv. enteritidis (s. enteritidis, se), resulting in shedding into table or hatching eggs. to evaluate genetic factors underlying early response to se, genetic line differences in mortality and pathogen load at two sites (cecal lumen and spleen) were investigated. at day of hatch, chicks of four genetic lines were intra-esophageally inoculated with one of three doses of se phage type 13a. there was a significan ... | 2001 | 11495461 |
| protective effect of ok-432 on mice against endotoxemia and infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella enteritidis. | ok-432 has been used clinically as a biological response modifier for cancer therapy. we investigated here the protective effects of ok-432 against endotoxic shock and infectious death caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella enteritidis in mice and proposed a possible mechanism. pretreatment of ok-432 reduced the lethality of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced endotoxic shock in d-(+)-galactosamine-sensitized c3h/hen mice. ok-432 did not affect the tnfalpha production in blood, but it did ... | 2001 | 11497217 |
| food labeling, safe handling statements, labeling of shell eggs; refrigeration of shell eggs held for retail distribution. food and drug administration, hhs. final rule. | the food and drug administration (fda) is revising its food labeling regulations to require a safe handling statement on cartons of shell eggs that have not been treated to destroy salmonella microorganisms. the agency also is requiring that, when held at retail establishments, shell eggs be stored and displayed under refrigeration at a temperature of 7.2 degrees c (45 degrees f) or less. fda is taking these actions because of the number of outbreaks of foodborne illnesses and deaths caused by ... | 2000 | 11503723 |
| examination of bacteriophage as a biocontrol method for salmonella on fresh-cut fruit: a model study. | the preparation and distribution of fresh-cut produce is a rapidly developing industry that provides the consumer with convenient and nutritious food. however, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables may represent an increased food safety concern because of the absence or damage of peel and rind, which normally help reduce colonization of uncut produce with pathogenic bacteria. in this study, we found that salmonella enteritidis populations can (i) survive on fresh-cut melons and apples stored at 5 degr ... | 2001 | 11510645 |
| laying season and egg shell cracks on the growth of salmonella enteritidis in the egg albumen during storage. | we studied the effects of laying seasons and egg shell cracks on the ability of egg albumen to support the growth of salmonella enteritidis (se) in eggs. hens eggs used were those laid in february, june, and october in a farm in japan and stored at 10, 20, and 30 degrees c, and at 30 degrees c after storage at 10 degrees c, immediately after receipt or after cracking the shell. at several-day intervals during storage, the egg contents were poured into a dish, se was inoculated into albumen, and ... | 2001 | 11510648 |
| the protective effect of brachial plexus palsy in purpura fulminans. | acute infectious purpura fulminans is reported in a 16-month-old male with a history of posttraumatic asplenia and complete left brachial plexus palsy. this patient developed peripheral necrosis of both lower extremities and the right upper extremity, whereas the left upper extremity was completely spared from ischemia and tissue damage. amputation of four digits on the right hand and debridement of both lower extremities were required. this patient demonstrated the protective effect of a trauma ... | 2001 | 11516614 |
| heat resistance and growth of salmonella enteritidis, listeria monocytogenes and aeromonas hydrophila in whole liquid egg. | salmonella enteritidis atcc,13067, listeria monocytogenes atcc,19116 and aeromonas hydrophila atcc,7965 strains were evaluated for growth and thermal resistance in liquid whole egg (lwe). each strain grew well in lwe at temperatures between 4 and 30 degrees c, except s. enteritidis which grew weakly at 4 and 10 degrees c. maximum populations for each strain increased with increasing growth temperature. the thermal destruction of each strain was determined in six liquid products. the egg products ... | 2001 | 11518391 |
| structure and characterization of agfb from salmonella enteritidis thin aggregative fimbriae. | the agfbac operon of salmonella enteritidis encodes thin aggregative fimbriae, fibrous, polymeric structures primarily composed of agfa fimbrins. although uncharacterized, agfb shows a 51 % overall amino acid sequence similarity to agfa. using agfb epitope-specific antiserum, agfb was detected as a minor component of whole, purified fimbriae. like agfa, agfb was released from purified fimbriae by >70 % formic acid, whereupon both agfa-agfa and agfa-agfb dimers as well as monomers were detected. ... | 2001 | 11518527 |
| immunopotentiation of a developed salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis vaccine by thymulin and zinc in meat chicken breeders. | the humoral immunity, spleen and thymus weight indices, lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex, and granuloma diameter at vaccination sites were assessed in four differently immunopotentiated groups of meat chicken breeders. breeders in the first two groups were given a killed salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) vaccine subcutaneously at 15 and 19 weeks of age. breeders in the third and fourth groups were left unvaccinated. breeders in the first group were further immunopotentiated with ... | 2001 | 11519676 |
| verbalactone, a new macrocyclic dimer lactone from the roots of verbascum undulatum with antibacterial activity. | a novel macrocyclic dimer lactone, named verbalactone, was isolated from the roots of verbascum undulatum and exhibited interesting antibacterial activity. it is the first time that 1,7-dioxacyclododecane is reported as the ring system of a natural product. the structure and the absolute stereochemistry of the new compound were determined by spectral methods and chemical correlation. | 2001 | 11520236 |
| site-directed mutagenesis and phylogenetic comparisons of the escherichia coli tus protein: dna-protein interactions alone can not account for tus activity. | the tus protein of escherichia coli is capable of arresting dna replication in an orientation-dependent manner when bound to specific sequences in the bacterial chromosome called ter sites. arrest of dna replication has been postulated to occur either by a barrier mechanism, where tus acts as a physical block to replication fork progression, or through protein-protein interactions between tus and some component of the replication fork. a previous mutational analysis of tus suggested that the ami ... | 2001 | 11523786 |
| reactive arthritis and reiter's syndrome following an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enteritidis. | reactive arthritis and reiter's syndrome have been reported following gastroenteritis. prevalence studies for these conditions are uncommon, and the prevalence of reiter's syndrome after salmonella enteritidis infection has not been previously reported. after a large outbreak of s. enteritidis gastroenteritis, a survey of persons exposed to the implicated food source was conducted, and those with reactive arthritis were evaluated for possible risk factors. among 481 persons responding to the que ... | 2001 | 11528573 |
| molecular analysis of salmonella enteritidis isolates resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin from three outbreaks of food poisoning in shiga prefecture. | in 1998 and 1999, there were three outbreaks caused by salmonella enteritidis in shiga prefecture. one outbreak was suspected to be a diffuse outbreak, caused by frozen cream puffs that had been sold in chain stores throughout shiga prefecture between the beginning of september and the beginning of october, 1998. the other outbreaks occurred in may and in august, 1999. all isolates of the three outbreaks showed an identical lysis pattern against the typing phage, though this pattern did not conf ... | 2001 | 11544401 |
| [outbreak of acute enteric infections in a kindergarten: a small epidemiological puzzle (part 1)]. | | 2001 | 11548245 |
| [outbreak of acute enteric infections in a kindergarten: a small epidemiological puzzle (part 2 with the authors' commentary)]. | | 2001 | 11548247 |
| [diagnostic and epidemiological significance of f-donor activity of enterobacteria strains]. | the study of the circulating strains of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), shigellae and salmonellae for the presence of f-factor (the conjunction factor) was carried out. the study revealed that 85% of shigella flexneri strains 2a had conjugative (f)-factor. the proportion of such strains was 63% among epec of different serovars and 15% among salmonella enteritidis. as 63% epec strains had hemolytic activity and were found to carry f-conjugative plasmid it should be taken into considerat ... | 2001 | 11548268 |
| [effect of organic composition of humic acids on enterobacteria multiplication]. | enterobacteria have been found to be capable of active multiplication in humic acids isolated from bentonite clays containing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. humic acids fractions have been found to be heterogeneous by their molecular weight and organic composition; consequently, they have been found to produce different influence in the multiplication of bacteria. | 2001 | 11548272 |
| inhibition by the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint of the growth of pathogenic bacteria. | the effects of the, essential oils of peppermint (mentha piperita l.), spearmint mentha spicata l.) and japanese mint (mentha, arvensis l.), of four major constituents of the esssential oil of peppermint, and of three major constituents of the essential oil of spearmint, on the proliferation of helicobacter pylori, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli o157:h7, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin sensitive staphylococccus aureus (mssa) were examined. the essent ... | 2001 | 11549238 |
| [comparative study of effects of escherichia coli m-17 exometabolites and fructooligosaccharides on the growth and antagonistic activity of lactobacilli]. | facts concerning the evaluation of the influence of e. coli m17 exometabolites and fructooligosaccharides (fos) on the growth and antagonistic activity of lactobacilli are presented. as revealed by these facts, preparation "aktoflor" accelerates the growth of lactobacillary cultures, increases the final yield of biomass and antagonistic activity. e. coli m17 exometabolites contained in "aktoflor" have been shown to be more active in comparison with fos. the character of their influence on lactob ... | 2001 | 11550569 |
| the chicken, the egg and salmonella enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is the cause of the food-borne salmonellosis pandemic in humans, in part because it has the unique ability to contaminate eggs without causing discernible illness in the birds infected. the infection route to humans involves colonization, survival and multiplication of the pathogen in the hen house environment, the bird and, finally, the egg. this review highlights the stages of transmission and discusses evidence that altered bacterial growth patterns and ... | 2001 | 11553232 |
| observations on the distribution and control of salmonella species in two integrated broiler companies. | the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfecting broiler farms and the persistence of salmonella species in two integrated broiler companies was investigated for two years. both companies used a cleaning and disinfection regime which included the application of a spray of phenolic disinfectant followed by fogging with formaldehyde solution, and this was highly effective in preventing carry-over of infection in the broiler houses. the disinfection of service areas and areas outside the houses was l ... | 2001 | 11554566 |
| a rat model for dose-response relationships of salmonella enteritidis infection. | to develop an animal model to study dose-response relationships of enteropathogenic bacteria. | 2001 | 11556909 |
| pathogenicity of environmental origin salmonellas in specific pathogen-free chicks. | two hundred sixty 1-d-old specific pathogen-free (spf), single comb white leghorn chicks were used in this study to determine pathology caused by salmonella enteritidis (se) isolated from a poultry environment. the chicks were subdivided into 10 equal groups of 26 chicks each. eight groups of chicks were inoculated individually with 0.5 ml of brain heart infusion broth culture containing 1 x 10(6) cfu of se phage type (pt) -8 (1, 2, 3), se pt5 a (1, 2), or se pt4 (ch-env-ca, chicken-ca, and huma ... | 2001 | 11558918 |
| influence of phage population on the phage-mediated bioluminescent adenylate kinase (ak) assay for detection of bacteria. | the effect of phage concentration on the activity of adenylate kinase (ak) released from the cells lysed during infection was investigated in order to optimize a bioluminescent phage-mediated method for bacterial enumeration. | 2001 | 11559407 |
| control of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 experimental infection by fosfomycin in newly hatched chicks. | one hundred and twenty 1-day-old broiler chickens were divided into four groups: group i unmedicated and orally challenged with 1.5 x 10(8) cfu of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4; group f infected and treated with 300 ppm of fosfomycin in their drinking water; group cf uninfected and treated, and group c maintained as a control group. their performance, clinical signs, s. enteritidis pt4 reisolation and biochemistry variables were compared. group f showed fewer symptoms and gross lesions tha ... | 2001 | 11561956 |
| optimization of iron supplementation for enhanced detection of salmonella enteritidis in eggs. | mixed raw egg contents were inoculated with approximately 10 cfu of salmonella enteritidis and supplemented with 0 to 7 mg of feso4 per g of egg contents. egg contents were then incubated at 37 degrees c, and salmonella enteritidis colonies were enumerated for up to 106 h. iron supplementation significantly enhanced the growth of salmonella enteritidis. within the first 24 h of incubation, the optimum iron level for salmonella enteritidis growth in egg contents was between 0.2 and 2 mg of feso4 ... | 2001 | 11563500 |
| destruction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enteritidis in cow manure composting. | application of cow manure and composted manure in agricultural practice could potentially cause contamination of foodstuffs with pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7. in this study, rifampicin-resistant (rifr) e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella enteritidis at a level of 7 log cfu/g of raw compost feed were used to determine the effect of a bench-scale composting system on their survival. rifr e. coli o157:h7 was not detected after 72 h of composting at 45 d ... | 2001 | 11563505 |
| temperature shock, injury and transient sensitivity to nisin in gram negatives. | the effect of thermal stresses on survival, injury and nisin sensitivity was investigated in salmonella enteritidis pt4, pt7 and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2001 | 11576309 |
| genomic analysis and growth-phase-dependent regulation of the sef14 fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a leading cause of food poisoning in the usa and europe. although salmonella serovars share many fimbrial operons, a few fimbriae are limited to specific samonella serovars. sef14 fimbriae are restricted to group d salmonella and the genes encoding this virulence factor were acquired relatively recently. genomic, genetic and gene expression studies have been integrated to investigate the ancestry, regulation and expression of the sef genes. genomic comp ... | 2001 | 11577150 |
| outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 913 gastroenteritis associated with mung bean sprouts--edmonton, 2001. | | 2001 | 11582621 |
| emerging food-borne pathogens. | the epidemiology of foodborne diseases is changing. while in many developing nations the efficient treatment of diarrhoeal diseases through oral rehydration has probably led to the prevention of many food related deaths, the underlying problems have not been solved. in these countries, the disease incidence of food-and waterborne disease is still increasing, and now data from other parts of the world indicate that new foodborne pathogens have emerged as important public health problems. over the ... | 2001 | 11594479 |
| gastrointestinal disease in the domestic setting: what can we deduce from surveillance data? | | 2001 | 11597155 |
| who surveillance programme for control of foodborne infections and intoxications: preliminary results and trends across greater europe. world health organization. | | 2001 | 11597167 |
| chicken mim-1 protein, p33, is a heterophil chemotactic factor present in salmonella enteritidis immune lymphokine. | lymphokine (ilk) secreted from concanavalin a-stimulated t cells from salmonella enteritidis-immune chickens is an undefined mixture of proteins that confers protection against salmonella infectivity when administered to day-old chicks. it has previously been shown that polyclonal antibodies raised against human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (gcsf) can neutralize the heterophil activation that is responsible for ilk's protective effect. western blot analysis of ilk probed with anti-gcsf ... | 2001 | 11601697 |
| low incidence of reactive arthritis in children following a salmonella outbreak. | to assess the incidence of reactive arthritis (rea) in an outbreak of salmonella infection in a large cohort of children in germany. | 2001 | 11602478 |
| use of bioluminescent salmonella for assessing the efficiency of constructed phage-based biosorbent. | a bacteriophage-based biosorbent for salmonella enteritidis was constructed, and bacterial bioluminescence was used for assessment of the efficiency of cell capture. a strain of s. enteritidis with bioluminescent phenotype was constructed by transformation with plasmid pt7 carrying the entire lux operon from photorhabdus luminescens. the relation between relative light output (rlu) and colony-forming units (cfu/ml) of the bioluminescent strain was established. the bacteriophage specific to s. en ... | 2001 | 11641771 |
| il-12p40-dependent agonistic effects on the development of protective innate and adaptive immunity against salmonella enteritidis. | to study a potential il-12p40-dependent but il-12p75-independent agonistic activity regulating the immune response against salmonella enteritidis, the course of infection in il-12p35-deficient mice (il-12p35(-/-), capable of producing il-12p40) was compared with that of il-12p40(-/-) mice. mice lacking il-12p40 revealed a higher mortality rate and higher bacterial organ burden than mice capable of producing il-12p40. this phenotype was found in both genetically susceptible (balb/c, ity(s)) and r ... | 2001 | 11673546 |
| evolution of antibiotic resistance of non-typhoidal salmonellae in greece during 1990-97. | susceptibility to 15 antibiotics was determined in 1548 non-typhoidal salmonella strains isolated in greece from l990 to l997. the overall prevalence of resistance of both salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium increased during the first years of the study. a decrease was observed from 1996, especially for s. enteritidis, which showed the highest overall antibiotic resistance. s. typhimurium was the serotype with the highest multiresistance to antib ... | 2001 | 11673638 |
| fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of salmonella enteritidis: a method suitable for rapid outbreak recognition. | to perform fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis on phage type (pt) reference strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis), and s. enteritidis pt 6 and 6a recent clinical isolates to determine its usefulness for primary characterization of clinical s. enteritidis isolates, and then to determine whether faflp is suitable for rapid characterization of strains in an outbreak situation. | 2001 | 11678930 |
| identification by subtractive hybridization of sequences specific for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, a major cause of food poisoning, can be transmitted to humans through intact chicken eggs when the contents have not been thoroughly cooked. infection in chickens is asymptomatic; therefore, simple, sensitive, and specific detection methods are crucial for efforts to limit human exposure. suppression subtractive hybridization was used to isolate dna restriction fragments present in salmonella serovar enteritidis but absent in other bacteria found in poult ... | 2001 | 11679316 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide blockade exacerbates high altitude pulmonary edema in endotoxin-primed rats. | high altitude pulmonary edema (hape) is associated with increases in pulmonary arterial and hydrostatic pressures and an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. there is evidence to suggest that inflammatory mediators may cause some forms of hape, and salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (etx) is known to activate neutrophils and inflammatory mediators, such as tnf-alpha and il1-beta. since hape has been produced in rats primed with etx, we hypothesized that anp release and action may ameliorat ... | 2001 | 11682014 |
| polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of salmonella in artificially inoculated chicken meat. | the aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol for the detection of salmonella in artificially contaminated chicken meat. tests were performed with different dilutions of salmonella typhimurium or salmonella enteritidis cells (10(-7), 10(-8) or 10(-9) cfu/ml) inoculated in chicken meat samples, in order to establish the limits of detection, incubation times (0, 6, 8 and 24 hours of pre-enrichment in pbw 1%) and three dna extraction protocols (phenol-chloroform, t ... | 2001 | 11696845 |
| changes in vascular responsiveness to a thromboxane mimetic in endotoxin tolerance. | our previous studies have demonstrated that peritoneal macrophages obtained from endotoxin-tolerant rats exhibit altered cellular activation by endotoxin, possibly involving changes in guanine nucleotide regulatory (g) protein-coupled signal transduction pathways. endotoxin-tolerant rats also exhibit cross tolerance and altered hemodynamic responses to thromboxane (tx)a2 mimetics, suggesting potential changes in vascular responsiveness. we tested the hypothesis that endotoxin tolerance results i ... | 2001 | 11699079 |
| involvement of platelet activation in experimental osteonecrosis in rabbits. | osteonecrosis (on) was produced experimentally in rabbits by intravenous injection of platelet activating factor (paf) in combination with lipopolysaccharides (lps) on two occasions separated by a week-long interval. eleven of 15 rabbits (73%), with administration of both lps (50 microg/kg) and paf (10 microg/kg), exhibited microcirculatory injuries including extravasation of erythrocytes into sinusoidal spaces and formation of microthrombi in arterioles near regions of erythrocyte extravasation ... | 2001 | 11703540 |
| infection of synovial fibroblasts in culture by yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: ultrastructural investigation with respect to the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis. | synovial fibroblasts were infected with yersinia enterocolitica or salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and analyzed by electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization. intracellular bacterial replication was followed by degradation leading to "ghosts" possessing lipopolysaccharides but not dna. however, single bacteria survived for more than 2 weeks. therefore, transient intra-articular infection might be the missing link between initial intestinal infection and late synovial infl ... | 2001 | 11705977 |
| clonal relations among salmonella enteritidis phage type 3 outbreak isolates traced by dna fingerprinting. | isolates of salmonella enteritidis pt3, a rare phage type, were recovered from patients and strains were isolated from an outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred during the summer of 1997 in north-east sardinia, italy. to investigate possible clonal involvement in the outbreak and to evaluate the capacity to discriminate among s. enteritidis pt3 strains, a number of molecular typing methods including ribotyping with a mixture of psti and sphi (ps-ribotyping), pfge with endonuclease xbai and ra ... | 2001 | 11718375 |
| automated ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis for molecular typing of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in italy. | the ability of automated ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis to differentiate salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium isolates in relation to their origin was evaluated. | 2001 | 11722654 |
| evaluation of universal preenrichment broth for growth of heat-injured pathogens. | universal preenrichment broth (upb) was developed to enable enrichment of injured foodborne pathogens of different genera simultaneously in lieu of having to undergo separate simultaneous enrichment cultures for subsequent detection or isolation of each pathogen. enrichment conditions in upb for growth of injured pathogens to populations that will enable pathogen detection by rapid immuno-based or polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays have not been defined. hence, studies were done to det ... | 2001 | 11726154 |
| prevalence of salmonella serovars in chickens in turkey. | in this study, 151 (18.6%) of 814 ceca obtained during in-line processing of 28 broiler (hybro g, avian, arbor acres, and cobb breeds) and 5 layer (ross, tetra sl, isa brown, and brown nick breeds) flocks in turkey were found to be contaminated with four different salmonella serovars. only salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was recovered from layer birds, whereas salmonella enteritidis (81.5%). salmonella agona (7.6%), salmonella thompson (10.1%), an ... | 2001 | 11726169 |
| neonatal endotoxin exposure influences hpa responsivity and impairs tumor immunity in fischer 344 rats in adulthood. | recent research in rodents has demonstrated that exposure to bacterial endotoxin during the neonatal period alters the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in hypersecretion of corticosterone after stress-exposure in adulthood. given the known interactions between glucocorticoids and the immune system it was hypothesized that such alterations may impact on immune outcomes. fischer 344 rats were treated with endotoxin (50 microg/kg salmonella enteritidis, i.p.) or the ... | 2001 | 11726735 |
| production of beta-defensin-2 by human colonic epithelial cells induced by salmonella enteritidis flagella filament structural protein. | we recently showed that flic of salmonella enteritidis increased human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2) expression, and now describe the signaling responsible pathway. flic increased the intracellular ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)](in)) in caco-2 cells. the [ca(2+)](in) increase induced by flic was prevented by u73122 and heparin, but not by chelating extracellular ca(2+) or pertussis toxin. the flic-induced increase in hbd-2 promoter activity via nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) was also inhibited by c ... | 2001 | 11728477 |
| contribution of flagella and invasion proteins to pathogenesis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in chicks. | to explore the relative contribution that flagella and salmonella invasion proteins make to the virulence of salmonella enteritidis in poultry, 20-day-old chicks were challenged orally and by subcutaneous injection with wild-type strain se-hcd, two non-flagellated mutants (flic::tn10 mutant and flhd::tn10 mutant) and two salmonella invasion protein insertion mutants (sipd and iacp). when injected subcutaneously, wild-type se-hcd was the only strain to cause substantial mortality and morbidity an ... | 2001 | 11731137 |
| characterization of alkaline hydroxide-preserved whole poultry as a dry byproduct meal. | studies were conducted to examine the chemical preservation of whole broiler carcasses by using aqueous alkaline hydroxide solutions. conversion of the preserved carcasses and solutions into an acceptable poultry byproduct meal was examined. carcasses and alkaline solutions at a 1:1 ratio were blended and freeze-dried to produce a high fat whole poultry byproduct meal. the dry meal was analyzed for nutrient composition, true metabolizable energy, and amino acid content. viable bacteria were not ... | 2001 | 11732669 |
| antimicrobial and anti-lipase activity of quercetin and its c2-c16 3-o-acyl-esters. | neither quercetin (q), nor 3-o-acylquercetines, up to 100 microg/ml, had any significant activity on selected gram-positive strains (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, listeria ivanovi, listeria monocytogenes, listeria serligeri), gram-negative strains (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella tiphymurium) and yeasts (candida albicans and candida glabrata). in addition, we confirmed the known anti-hiv activity of q (80% inhibition at 40 micr ... | 2002 | 11741775 |
| susceptibility patterns and serotypes of non-typhoidal salmonella in trinidad. | to study the serotype distribution of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from clinical specimens and to evaluate their susceptibility patterns to the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used in this region. | 2001 | 11744940 |
| an inhibitory factor for cell-free protein synthesis from salmonella enteritidis exhibits cytopathic activity against chinese hamster ovary cells. | a factor inhibiting cell-free protein synthesis was purified from salmonella enteritidis cell lysate by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction columns, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. the purified factor, which was named sips (salmonella inhibitor of protein synthesis), inhibited in vitro protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and had a molecular mass of 38 kda, estimated by page under denaturing conditions. s ... | 2001 | 11747376 |
| comparison of inflammation, organ damage, and oxidant stress induced by salmonella enterica serovar muenchen flagellin and serovar enteritidis lipopolysaccharide. | gram-negative sepsis is related to the activation of interconnected inflammatory cascades in response to bacteria and their products. recent work showed that flagellin, the monomeric subunit of bacterial flagella, triggers innate immune responses mediated by toll-like receptor 5. here, we compared the effects of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps) and recombinant salmonella enterica serovar muenchen flagellin administered intravenously (100 microg) to mice. flagellin ... | 2002 | 11748182 |
| inherited interleukin-12 deficiency: il12b genotype and clinical phenotype of 13 patients from six kindreds. | interleukin-12 (il12) is a cytokine that is secreted by activated phagocytes and dendritic cells and that induces interferon-gamma production by natural-killer and t lymphocytes. it consists of two subunits, p35 and p40, which are encoded by il12a and il12b, respectively. the first reported patient with a genetic cytokine disorder was a pakistani child, who was homozygous for a large loss-of-function deletion (g.482+82_856-854del) in il12b. this il12-deficient child suffered from infections caus ... | 2002 | 11753820 |
| [phage types, plasmid profiles and chromosomal restriction profiles of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolated in poland in 1999-2000]. | salmonella enteritidis strains are the most often isolated salmonella serovars in poland. in the present study, phage typing, plasmid profile analysis, and pfge have been applied to characterize 140 polish s. enteritidis isolates originated from human cases of salmonellosis and from other sources. the typing phages of ward and colleagues scheme were used to type a total of 140 s. enteritidis strains coming from poland. all 140 strains were typable and six different phage types were observed. a t ... | 2001 | 11757428 |
| growth of salmonella enteritidis in artificially contaminated eggs: the effects of inoculum size and suspending media. | growth profiles of two isolates of salmonella enteritidis phage type (pt) 4 inoculated into either the albumen of whole shell eggs or into separated albumen were found to be markedly affected by the size of the inoculum and the composition of the medium used to suspend the cells prior to inoculation. using our model with an inoculum of two cells, multiplication of the salmonella was not seen in 93% of eggs held at 20 degrees c for 8 days. in approximately 7% of eggs, however, growth occurred dur ... | 2001 | 11759751 |
| survival and distribution of cell-free sef 21 of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in the stomach and various compartments of the rat gastrointestinal tract in vivo. | rats were dosed for 6 days with purified sef 21 fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis 10360. the levels of fimbriae in gut contents associated with tissues and in the faeces were quantified by direct non-competitive elisa. sef 21 was distributed throughout the gut. the majority was found in the large intestine where it was primarily in the luminal contents. in contrast, a high proportion of sef 21 detected in the ileum, the main site of salmonella colonisation and invasion, was tis ... | 2001 | 11761188 |
| [laboratory-based surveillance of salmonellosis of humans in germany--safety of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis live vaccines]. | the paul ehrlich institute, langen, in germany has been licensed different live vaccines of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis for use in the veterinary medicine since i the 90s. the robert koch institute has established a lab-based surveillance system for these live vaccine strains for an evaluation of recent public health safety. since 2000 all strains of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis from humans were investigated in respect to their phage types and other vaccine markers. 3676 s. typhimuriu ... | 2001 | 11766271 |
| effects of rearing conditions on the colonization of salmonella enteritidis in the cecum of chicks. | salmonella enteritidis is the cause of human salmonellosis associated with contaminated eggs. in this study, we artificially challenged s. enteritidis to chicks just after hatching, and the effects of breeding conditions on the intestinal carriage of s. enteritidis were examined. s. enteritidis was not directly detected from spleen, liver and blood, but were constantly isolated from the cecal contents throughout the experiment. when chicks were reared in the unsanitary conditions and in the high ... | 2001 | 11767057 |
| comparison of salmonella enteritidis infection in hens molted via long-term feed withdrawal versus full-fed wheat middling. | molting is an important economic management tool for the layer industry as a means of maximizing the effective laying life of a flock. previous work has shown that molting birds through feed removal (fm) increased the severity of a salmonella enteritidis (se) infection. the current study was conducted to follow the progression of an se infection in unmolted hens versus hens molted via 14-day fm or ad libitum feeding of wheat middlings (wm), in the presence or absence of 2.5% lactose administered ... | 2001 | 11770617 |
| acute pancreatitis associated with salmonella enteritidis. | | 2001 | 11774976 |
| the spread of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine strain under field conditions. | a live vaccine based on an attenuated salmonella gallinarum 9r strain is in use in a salmonella enteritidis control program in commercial layer flocks in the netherlands. in a field study, the potential spread of the vaccine strain from vaccinated flocks to nonvaccinated flocks has been studied after both the primary and the booster injection at four different rearing farms and at one layer farm. the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated flocks were monitored at regular intervals by bacteriologic and ... | 2001 | 11785873 |
| induction of humoral immune response and protective immunity in chickens against salmonella enteritidis after a single dose of killed bacterium-loaded microspheres. | formalin-inactivated salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 strain 119/95 (se) was encapsulated in biodegradable poly (dl-lactide co-glycolic acid) plga; (65:35) microspheres by a modified water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double-emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation technique. these se-loaded microspheres (se-ms) were porous and spherical in shape with diameters of 0.4-10 microm and 20-80 microm in two preparations. se-ms were subsequently used to vaccinate specific-pathogen-free chickens in a singl ... | 2001 | 11785884 |
| determination of close genetic relatedness of the major salmonella enteritidis phage types by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and dna sequence analysis of several salmonella virulence genes. | salmonella enteritidis (se) is an important cause of egg-associated outbreaks in both europe and the united states. phage typing has become an important epidemiologic tool in identifying the source of outbreaks. limitations of phage typing have become apparent with wholesale egg distributors that have multiple suppliers in an area where a particular phage type is endemic. several different molecular typing methods were evaluated for their discriminatory power to identify genetic differences amon ... | 2001 | 11785892 |
| pathogenicity of different serogroups of avian salmonellae in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | the pathogenicity of one isolate of salmonella typhimurium, four isolates of salmonella heidelberg, three isolates of salmonella kentucky, two isolates of salmonella montevideo, one isolate of salmonella hadar, and two isolates of salmonella enteritidis (se), one belonging to phage type (pt)13a and the other to pt34, was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chicks. three hundred eighty-four chicks were separated into 16 equal groups of 24 chicks. thirteen groups were inoculated individually wi ... | 2001 | 11785896 |
| differences in abilities to colonize reproductive organs and to contaminate eggs in intravaginally inoculated hens and in vitro adherences to vaginal explants between salmonella enteritidis and other salmonella serovars. | in experiment 1, mature laying hens were inoculated intravaginally with 10(6) colony-forming units of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), salmonella typhimurium, salmonella infantis, salmonella hadar, salmonella heidelberg, or salmonella montevideo to compare their abilities to colonize the reproductive organs of chickens and to contaminate eggs. salmonella enteritidis was more frequently recovered (from 11 of 40 eggs, 27.5%) than the other serovars, and especially the inne ... | 2001 | 11785900 |
| environmental contamination and detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in laying flocks. | faecal, dust and other environmental samples were collected from the floors, droppings belts, egg-collection systems and other areas of 14 cage-layer flocks, 10 barn egg production flocks and seven free-range flocks, and cultured for salmonella species. the distribution of the organism varied with its prevalence and with the vaccination status of the birds. no one sample type was found to be suitable for identifying all contaminated houses. salmonella was also frequently found on egg-packing equ ... | 2001 | 11787781 |
| salmonella serotypes isolated from chicken meat in albania. | a total of 31 salmonellae, belonging to four different serogroups and nine serotypes, were isolated from 30 out of 461 (6.5%) chicken meat samples, taken during a 3-year period, from 1996 to 1998. there were no significant differences among years in salmonella positive samples, ranging from 5.1% to 8%. the most frequently encountered serotype was salmonella enteritidis, isolated in 16 out of 30 salmonella positive samples (53.3%), but its predomination was clearly evident only in 1996. the other ... | 2001 | 11789945 |
| the global regulator arca controls resistance to reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major cause of food-borne diseases associated with consumption of shell eggs. clinical isolates of s. enterica serovar enteritidis exhibit a wide spectrum of virulence in mice. a highly virulent isolate (se2472) was previously shown to be more resistant in vitro than other clinical isolates to acidified sodium nitrite (asn), a generator of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (rni/roi). se2472 is also more resistant to s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno ... | 2002 | 11796570 |