| reassortment ability of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus with circulating human and avian influenza viruses: public health risk implications. | exploring the reassortment ability of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (a/h1n1pdm09) influenza virus with other circulating human or avian influenza viruses is the main concern related to the generation of more virulent or new variants having implications for public health. after different coinfection experiments in human a549 cells, by using the a/h1n1pdm09 virus plus one of human seasonal influenza viruses of h1n1 and h3n2 subtype or one of h11, h10, h9, h7 and h1 avian influenza viruses, several reasso ... | 2013 | 23639426 |
| suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs)5 ameliorates influenza infection via inhibition of egfr signaling. | influenza virus infections have a significant impact on global human health. individuals with suppressed immunity, or suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions such as copd, are particularly susceptible to influenza. here we show that suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) five has a pivotal role in restricting influenza a virus in the airway epithelium, through the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr). socs5-deficient mice exhibit heightened disease severity, with increas ... | 2017 | 28195529 |
| a prospective study of romanian agriculture workers for zoonotic influenza infections. | in this prospective study we sought to examine seroepidemiological evidence for acute zoonotic influenza virus infection among romanian agricultural workers. | 2014 | 24869796 |
| novel multiplex assay platforms to detect influenza a hemagglutinin subtype-specific antibody responses for high-throughput and in-field applications. | detections of influenza a subtype-specific antibody responses are often complicated by the presence of cross-reactive antibodies. we developed two novel multiplex platforms for antibody detection. the multiplexed magnetic fluorescence microsphere immunoassay (magpix) is a high-throughput laboratory-based assay. chembio dual path platform (dpp) is a portable and rapid test that could be used in the field. | 2017 | 28207986 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine compared with a comparator quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in a pediatric population: a phase 3, randomized noninferiority study. | seqirus 2010 southern hemisphere split-virion trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv3) was associated with increased febrile reactions in children. studies in vitro concluded that increasing concentrations of splitting agent decreased residual lipids and attenuated proinflammatory cytokine signals associated with fever. we assessed immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv4; produced using higher concentration of splitting agent) versus a united states- ... | 2017 | 28390934 |
| discovery of acylguanidine oseltamivir carboxylate derivatives as potent neuraminidase inhibitors. | in search of novel anti-influenza agents with higher potency, a series of acylguanidine oseltamivir carboxylate analogues were synthesized and evaluated against influenza viruses (h1n1 and h3n2) in vitro. the representative compounds with strong inhibitory activities (ic50 <40nm) against neuraminidase (na) were further tested against the na from oseltamivir-resistant strain (h259y). among them, compounds 9 and 17 were potent na inhibitors that exhibited a 5 and 11-fold increase in activity compa ... | 2017 | 28385598 |
| dose sparing and lack of dose response relationship with an influenza vaccine in adult and elderly patients -a randomised, double-blind clinical trial. | the currently licensed seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines contain 15 micrograms of hemagglutinin per strain for adult, and up to 60 micrograms for elderly patients. however, due to recent shortages, dose sparing to increase production capacity would be highly desirable. in the present study, we attempted to find a dose-response relationship for immunogenicity and thus, the optimal dose for seasonal influenza vaccines in adult and elderly patients. | 2017 | 28378403 |
| [a prospective study to assess the burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits among children in bilbao, spain (2010-2011)]. | this study was undertaken to estimate the burden of morbidity associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza in children below 15 years of age. | 2017 | 28363360 |
| characteristics of seasonal influenza a and b in latin america: influenza surveillance data from ten countries. | the increased availability of influenza surveillance data in recent years justifies an actual and more complete overview of influenza epidemiology in latin america. we compared the influenza surveillance systems and assessed the epidemiology of influenza a and b, including the spatio-temporal patterns of influenza epidemics, in ten countries and sub-national regions in latin america. | 2017 | 28346498 |
| clinical and serologic responses after a two-dose series of high-dose influenza vaccine in plasma cell disorders: a prospective, single-arm trial. | patients with multiple myeloma (mm) and other plasma cell disorders are highly susceptible to influenza infections, which are major causes of morbidity in this population, despite the routine administration of a seasonal influenza vaccination. existing data are limited by small and retrospective studies, which suggest poor seroprotection rates of < 20% after standard influenza vaccination in patients with mm. | 2017 | 28343904 |
| virological surveillance of influenza a subtypes isolated in 2014 from clinical outbreaks in canadian swine. | influenza a viruses (iavs) are respiratory pathogens associated with an acute respiratory disease that occurs year-round in swine production. it is currently one of the most important pathogens in swine populations, with the potential to infect other host species including humans. ongoing research indicates that the three major subtypes of iav-h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2-continue to expand in their genetic and antigenic diversity. in this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 16 iavs ... | 2017 | 28335552 |
| neutralizing activities against seasonal influenza viruses in human intravenous immunoglobulin. | influenza viruses a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and b are known seasonal viruses that undergo annual mutation. intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) contains anti-seasonal influenza virus globulins. although the virus-neutralizing (vn) titer is an indicator of protective antibodies, changes in this titer over extended time periods have yet to be examined. in this study, variations in hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and vn titers against seasonal influenza viruses in ivig lots over extended time periods were exam ... | 2017 | 28331286 |
| heterologous packaging signals on ha, but not na or ns, limit influenza a virus reassortment. | influenza a virus (iav) rna packaging signals serve to direct the incorporation of iav gene segments into virus particles, and this process is thought to be mediated by segment-segment interactions. these packaging signals are segment- and strain-specific, and as such, they have the potential to impact reassortment outcomes between different iav strains. our study aimed to quantify the impact of packaging signal mismatch on iav reassortment using the human seasonal influenza a/panama/2007/99 (h3 ... | 2017 | 28331085 |
| characterization and mechanisms of anti-influenza virus metabolites isolated from the vietnamese medicinal plant polygonum chinense. | polygonum chinense linn. is a common medicinal plant in southeast asia and has been used in traditional medicine in vietnam. the plant contains phytochemicals with various biological properties; however, its antiviral effect has not yet been demonstrated. this study was aimed to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of crude extracts of p. chinense, to characterize antiviral metabolites therefrom and to investigate their mechanisms of antiviral action. | 2017 | 28327126 |
| poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan nanogel greatly enhances the efficacy and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity of h1n1 pandemic influenza vaccine. | in 2009, the global outbreak of an influenza pandemic emphasized the need for an effective vaccine adjuvant. in this study, we examined the efficacy of poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan (pc) nanogel as an adjuvant for the influenza vaccine. pc nanogel significantly enhanced antigen-specific cross-presentation and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. compared with alum, the protective efficacy of the pandemic h1n1 influenza (ph1n1) vaccine was substantially increased by pc nanogel, with increased h ... | 2017 | 28322289 |
| in situ self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates for influenza virus-sensing platform. | nanomaterials without chemical linkers or physical interactions that reside on a two-dimensional surface are attractive because of their electronic, optical and catalytic properties. an in situ method has been developed to fabricate gold nanoparticle (au np) films on different substrates, regardless of whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces, including glass, 96-well polystyrene plates, and polydimethylsiloxane (pdms). a mixture of sodium formate (hcoona) and chloroauric acid (haucl ... | 2017 | 28290527 |
| h1n1 influenza viruses varying widely in hemagglutinin stability transmit efficiently from swine to swine and to ferrets. | a pandemic-capable influenza virus requires a hemagglutinin (ha) surface glycoprotein that is immunologically unseen by most people and is capable of supporting replication and transmission in humans. ha stabilization has been linked to 2009 ph1n1 pandemic potential in humans and h5n1 airborne transmissibility in the ferret model. swine have served as an intermediate host for zoonotic influenza viruses, yet the evolutionary pressure exerted by this host on ha stability was unknown. for over 70 c ... | 2017 | 28282440 |
| generation of a live attenuated influenza vaccine that elicits broad protection in mice and ferrets. | new influenza vaccines that provide effective and broad protection are desperately needed. live attenuated viruses are attractive vaccine candidates because they can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. however, recent formulations of live attenuated influenza vaccines (laivs) have not been protective. we combined high-coverage transposon mutagenesis of influenza virus with a rapid high-throughput screening for attenuation to generate w7-791, a live attenuated mutant virus strain. ... | 2017 | 28279345 |
| serological response to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in hiv-infected adults in singapore. | a cohort of 81 hiv-infected participants received seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) and their humoral responses were monitored using hemagglutination inhibition (hai) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three weeks after the vaccination, the percentage of the cohort that had an hai titer of >1:40 was 35% (for h1n1), 43% (for h3n2) and 19% (for influenza b). an increase in hai titer can be achieved by an increase in magnitude of the antibody responses, which ... | 2017 | 28277090 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the ha and na genes between vaccine and seasonal influenza a(h3n2) strains in korea. | seasonal influenza is caused by two influenza a subtype (h1n1 and h3n2) and two influenza b lineage (victoria and yamagata) viruses. of these antigenically distinct viruses, the h3n2 virus was consistently detected in substantial proportions in korea during the 2010/11-2013/14 seasons when compared to the other viruses and appeared responsible for the influenza-like illness rate peak during the first half of the 2011/12 season. to further scrutinize possible causes for this, we investigated the ... | 2017 | 28257427 |
| [pharmacoepidemiological study of the course of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in risk groups]. | to identify risk factors (rfs) for the development of bacterial complications and the prolonged course of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (arvis) among inpatients treated in russian healthcare facilities in the post-pandemic period; to determine the clinical presentation of the disease (flu-like syndrome) in risk-group people and to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapy with arbidol (umifenovir). | 2017 | 28252630 |
| triple-reassortant influenza a virus with h3 of human seasonal origin, na of swine origin, and internal a(h1n1) pandemic 2009 genes is established in danish pigs. | this report describes a triple-reassortant influenza a virus with a ha that resembles h3 of human seasonal influenza from 2004 to 2005, n2 from influenza a virus already established in swine, and the internal gene cassette from a(h1n1)pdm09 has spread in danish pig herds. the virus has been detected in several danish pig herds during the last 2-3 years and may possess a challenge for human as well as animal health. | 2017 | 28245096 |
| comparison of influenza epidemiological and virological characteristics between outpatients and inpatients in zhejiang province, china, march 2011-june 2015. | given the rapid rate of global spread and consequently healthcare costs related to influenza, surveillance plays an important role in monitoring the emerging pandemics in china. however, the characteristics of influenza in southeast of china haven't been fully studied. our study use the surveillance data collected from 16 sentinel hospitals across zhejiang province during march 2011 through june 2015, including the demographic information and respiratory specimens from influenza-like illness (il ... | 2017 | 28241447 |
| cryptoporic acid e from cryptoporus volvatus inhibits influenza virus replication in vitro. | influenza virus infection is a global public health issue. the efficacy of antiviral agents for influenza virus has been limited by the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains. thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel antiviral therapies. our previous studies have found that cryptoporus volvatus extract can potently inhibit influenza virus replication in vitro and in vivo. however, the effective component of cryptoporus volvatus, which mediates the antiviral activity, hasn't been identi ... | 2017 | 28232246 |
| distinct susceptibility and applicability of mdck derivatives for influenza virus research. | madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells are widely utilized as a substrate for influenza virus isolation and propagation due to the high yields of virus. here we compared the conventional mdck cell line, mdck-siat1 and mdck-london for viral production, cell survival, and suitability in testing antivirals using six influenza strains including two h1n1 (pandemic and epidemic strains), three h3n2 and one influenza b strain. overall our results suggest that mdck-london cell line is superior for virus ... | 2017 | 28207898 |
| selection of multi-drug resistant influenza a and b viruses under zanamivir pressure and their replication fitness in ferrets. | intravenous zanamivir has been used to treat patients with severe influenza. because the majority of cases (including immunocompromised patients) require the drug for an extended period of treatment, there is a higher risk that the virus will develop resistance. therefore, knowing the possible amino acid substitutions that may arise in recently circulating influenza strains under prolonged zanamivir exposure and their impact on antiviral susceptibility is important. | 2017 | 28195559 |
| defining the antibody cross-reactome directed against the influenza virus surface glycoproteins. | infection with influenza virus induces antibodies to the viral surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, and these responses can be broadly protective. to assess the breadth and magnitude of antibody responses, we sequentially infected mice, guinea pigs and ferrets with divergent h1n1 or h3n2 subtypes of influenza virus. we measured antibody responses by elisa of an extensive panel of recombinant glycoproteins representing the viral diversity in nature. guinea pigs developed high ti ... | 2017 | 28192418 |
| effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in community-dwelling elderly people: an individual participant data meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies. | several aggregate data meta-analyses have provided estimates of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in community-dwelling elderly people. however, these studies ignored the effects of patient-level confounders such as sex, age, and chronic diseases that could bias effectiveness estimates. we aimed to assess the confounder-adjusted effectiveness of influenza vaccines on laboratory-confirmed influenza among elderly people by conducting a global individual participant data meta-analysis. | 2017 | 28189522 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel influenza a h1n2 virus circulating in swine from central bajio region, mexico. | the aim of this study was to perform the complete genome sequence of a swine influenza a h1n2 virus strain isolated from a pig in guanajuato, méxico (a/swine/mexico/gtodmzc01/2014) and to report its seroprevalence in 86 counties at the central bajio zone. to understand the evolutionary dynamics of the isolate, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the eight gene segments. these data revealed that the isolated virus is a reassortant h1n2 subtype, as its genes are derived from human (ha, np, pa) ... | 2017 | 28181421 |
| circulation of antibodies against influenza virus hemagglutinins in the 2014/2015 epidemic season in poland. | the aim of this study was to determine the level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies in the serum of people in different age-groups during the 2014/2015 epidemic influenza season in poland. a total of 1050 sera were tested. the level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined using the hemagglutinin inhibition test. the results provided information on the incidence of circulating a/california/7/2009(h1n1)pdm09, a/texas/50/2012(h3n2), and b/massachusetts/2/2012 viruses. the level of antibodies ... | 2017 | 28181197 |
| co-infection with influenza viruses and influenza-like virus during the 2015/2016 epidemic season. | concerning viral infection of the respiratory system, a single virus can cause a variety of clinical symptoms and the same set of symptoms can be caused by different viruses. moreover, infection is often caused by a combination of viruses acting at the same time. the present study demonstrates, using multiplex rt-pcr and real-time qrt-pcr, that in the 2015/2016 influenza season, co-infections were confirmed in patients aged 1 month to 90 years. we found 73 co-infections involving influenza virus ... | 2017 | 28181195 |
| progesterone-based contraceptives reduce adaptive immune responses and protection against sequential influenza a virus infections. | in addition to their intended use, progesterone (p4)-based contraceptives promote anti-inflammatory immune responses, yet their effects on the outcome of infectious diseases, including influenza a virus (iav) infection, are rarely evaluated. to evaluate their impact on immune responses to sequential iav infections, adult female mice were treated with placebo or one of two progestins, p4 or levonorgestrel (lng), and infected with a mouse-adapted h1n1 (mah1n1) virus. treatment with p4 or lng reduc ... | 2017 | 28179523 |
| excess mortality associated with influenza after the 2009 h1n1 pandemic in a subtropical city in china, 2010-2015. | the aim of this study was to use a quasi-poisson regression model to estimate the mortality burden associated with influenza type/subtypes in a subtropical city in china, for the years 2010-2015. | 2017 | 28167255 |
| a universal computational model for predicting antigenic variants of influenza a virus based on conserved antigenic structures. | rapid determination of the antigenicity of influenza a virus could help identify the antigenic variants in time. currently, there is a lack of computational models for predicting antigenic variants of some common hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes of influenza a viruses. by means of sequence analysis, we demonstrate here that multiple ha subtypes of influenza a virus undergo similar mutation patterns of ha1 protein (the immunogenic part of ha). further analysis on the antigenic variation of influenza a ... | 2017 | 28165025 |
| consensus m2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against h1n1, h3n2 and h5n1 influenza a viruses. | the extracellular domain of influenza a ion channel membrane matrix protein 2 (m2e) is considered to be a potential candidate to develop a universal influenza a vaccine. however poor immunogenicity of m2e presents a significant roadblock. we have developed a vaccine formulation comprising of the consensus m2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles (aunps) with cpg as a soluble adjuvant (aunp-m2e + scpg). we demonstrate that intranasal delivery of aunp-m2e + scpg in mice induces lung b cell act ... | 2017 | 28161578 |
| molecular modeling and lead design of substituted zanamivir derivatives as potent anti-influenza drugs. | influenza virus spreads infection by two main surface glycoproteins, namely hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). na cleaves the sialic acid receptors eventually releasing newly formed virus particles which then invade new cells. inhibition of na could limit the replication of virus to one round which is insufficient to cause the disease. | 2016 | 28155702 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza viruses circulating in bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season. | influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for early detection of novel genetic variants of epidemiologic and clinical significance. the aim of this study was to determine the antigenic and molecular characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in bulgaria during the 2015/2016 season. the season was characterized by dominant circulation of a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses, accounting for 66% of detected influenza viruses, followed by b/victoria-lineage viruses (24%) and a(h3n2) viruses (10% ... | 2017 | 28132927 |
| one-pot reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for detecting mers-cov. | due to the limitation of rapid development of specific antiviral drug or vaccine for novel emerging viruses, an accurate and rapid diagnosis is a key to manage the virus spread. we developed an efficient and rapid method with high specificity for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), based on one-pot reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (one-pot rt-lamp). a set of six lamp primers [f3, b3, fip, bip, lf (loop-f), and lb (loop-b)] were designed using ... | 2016 | 28119682 |
| rules of co-occurring mutations characterize the antigenic evolution of human influenza a/h3n2, a/h1n1 and b viruses. | the human influenza viruses undergo rapid evolution (especially in hemagglutinin (ha), a glycoprotein on the surface of the virus), which enables the virus population to constantly evade the human immune system. therefore, the vaccine has to be updated every year to stay effective. there is a need to characterize the evolution of influenza viruses for better selection of vaccine candidates and the prediction of pandemic strains. studies have shown that the influenza hemagglutinin evolution is dr ... | 2016 | 28117657 |
| in vitro characterization of the novel h3n1 reassortant influenza viruses from quail. | quail is considered as an intermediate host for generation of the novel reassortant influenza a viruses (iavs). in this study, we evaluated the replication ability of the three novel h3n1 reassortant viruses recovered from pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1) and duck h3n2 (dkh3n2) co-infected quail generated from our previous study in embryonated chicken eggs, mammalian (mdck) and human lung derived (a549) cells. our study demonstrated that all of the reassortant viruses replicated efficiently in avian a ... | 2017 | 28110788 |
| influenza a virus upregulates prpf8 gene expression to increase virus production. | a ddrt-pcr analysis was performed to detect cellular genes that are differentially expressed after influenza a virus (h1n1) infection of a549 cells. after ddrt-pcr, eight dna fragments were identified. prpf8, one of the cellular genes that were upregulated after virus infection, was further analyzed since it has previously been identified as a cellular factor required for influenza virus replication. the upregulation of prpf8 gene expression after viral infection was confirmed using real-time rt ... | 2017 | 28110426 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for detection and differentiation of avian-origin canine h3n2, equine-origin h3n8, human-origin h3n2, and h1n1/2009 canine influenza viruses. | virological and serological surveys have documented that h1n1/2009, avian-origin canine h3n2 (ch3n2), seasonal human-origin h3n2 (hh3n2), and equine-origin h3n8 influenza viruses are consistently circulating in dogs. in the present study, a multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of these influenza viruses. four primer sets were designed to target the hemagglutinin genes of h1n1/2009, ch3n2, hh3n2, and ... | 2017 | 28107507 |
| pathogenicity of modified bat influenza virus with different m genes and its reassortment potential with swine influenza a virus. | in our previous studies the reassortant virus containing only the pr8 h1n1 matrix (m) gene in the background of the modified bat influenza bat09:mh1mn1 virus could be generated. however, whether m genes from other origins can be rescued in the background of the bat09:mh1mn1 virus and whether the resulting novel reassortant virus is virulent remain unknown. herein, two reassortant viruses were generated in the background of the bat09:mh1mn1 virus containing either a north american or a eurasian s ... | 2017 | 28100299 |
| radix isatidis polysaccharides inhibit influenza a virus and influenza a virus-induced inflammation via suppression of host tlr3 signaling in vitro. | influenza remains one of the major epidemic diseases worldwide, and rapid virus replication and collateral lung tissue damage caused by excessive pro-inflammatory host immune cell responses lead to high mortality rates. thus, novel therapeutic agents that control influenza a virus (iav) propagation and attenuate excessive pro-inflammatory responses are needed. polysaccharide extract from radix isatidis, a traditional chinese herbal medicine, exerted potent anti-iav activity against human seasona ... | 2017 | 28085062 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in the netherlands from 2003/2004 through 2013/2014: the importance of circulating influenza virus types and subtypes. | influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) varies over different influenza seasons and virus (sub)types/lineages. to assess the association between ive and circulating influenza virus (sub)types/lineages, we estimated the overall and (sub)type specific ive in the netherlands. we conducted a test-negative case control study among subjects with influenza-like illness or acute respiratory tract infection consulting the sentinel practices over 11 influenza seasons (2003/2004 through 2013/2014) in the net ... | 2017 | 28068386 |
| optimization of a quantitative micro-neutralization assay. | the micro-neutralization (mn) assay is a standard technique for measuring the infectivity of the influenza virus and the inhibition of virus replication. in this study, we present the protocol of an imaging-based mn assay to quantify the true antigenic relationships between viruses. unlike typical plaque reduction assays that rely on visible plaques, this assay quantitates the entire infected cell population of each well. the protocol matches the virus type or subtype with the selection of cell ... | 2016 | 28060291 |
| intranasal immunization using mannatide as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated influenza vaccine and its adjuvant effect compared with mf59. | intranasal vaccination is more potent than parenteral injection for the prevention of influenza. however, because the poor efficiency of antigen uptake across the nasal mucosa is a key issue, immunostimulatory adjuvants are essential for intranasal vaccines. the immunomodulator mannatide or polyactin (pa) has been used for the clinical treatment of impaired immunity in china, but its adjuvant effect on an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (itiv) via intranasal vaccination is unclear. to ex ... | 2017 | 28052136 |
| coherence of influenza surveillance data across different sources and age groups, beijing, china, 2008-2015. | influenza is active during the winter and spring in the city of beijing, which has a typical temperate climate with four clear distinct seasons. the clinical and laboratory surveillance data for influenza have been used to construct critical indicators for influenza activities in the community, and previous studies have reported varying degrees of association between laboratory-confirmed influenza specimens and outpatient consultation rates of influenza-like illness in subtropical cities. howeve ... | 2016 | 28036373 |
| recent h3n2 viruses have evolved specificity for extended, branched human-type receptors, conferring potential for increased avidity. | human and avian influenza viruses recognize different sialic acid-containing receptors, referred to as human-type (neuacα2-6gal) and avian-type (neuacα2-3gal), respectively. this presents a species barrier for aerosol droplet transmission of avian viruses in humans and ferrets. recent reports have suggested that current human h3n2 viruses no longer have strict specificity toward human-type receptors. using an influenza receptor glycan microarray with extended airway glycans, we find that h3n2 vi ... | 2017 | 28017661 |
| human seasonal influenza a viruses induce h7n9-cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) antibodies that are directed towards the nucleoprotein. | antibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) against avian influenza virus subtypes including h7n9 and h5n1 have been detected in human sera. there are limited data on the presence of such cross-reactive adcc mediating antibodies (adcc-abs) in children and the viral target(s) of these abs are poorly understood. using high-throughput nk cell activation and nk cytotoxicity assays, we compared adcc-abs in sera collected from healthy infants (≤1 year), children (2-17 years ... | 2016 | 28011910 |
| impact of influenza in the post-pandemic phase: clinical features in hospitalized patients with influenza a (h1n1) pdm09 and h3n2 viruses, during 2013 in santa fe, argentina. | it is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological pattern of the influenza a (h1n1) pdm09 virus and compare it with influenza a (h3n2) virus, as surveyed in just a few studies, in order to contribute to the implementation and strengthening of influenza control and prevention strategies. the aims in this study were to describe influenza clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients, caused by influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 and influenza a (h3n2) viruses during 2013 ... | 2016 | 28004402 |
| ns1 protein amino acid changes d189n and v194i affect interferon responses, thermosensitivity, and virulence of circulating h3n2 human influenza a viruses. | influenza virus ns1 protein is a nonstructural, multifunctional protein that counteracts host innate immune responses, modulating virus pathogenesis. ns1 protein variability in subjects infected with h3n2 influenza a viruses (iavs) during the 2010/2011 season was analyzed, and amino acid changes in residues 86, 189, and 194 were found. the consequences of these mutations for the ns1-mediated inhibition of ifn responses and the pathogenesis of the virus were evaluated, showing that ns1 mutations ... | 2017 | 28003482 |
| evaluation of a candidate live attenuated influenza vaccine prepared in changchun bcht (china) for safety and efficacy in ferrets. | we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) product in ferrets. the bcht laiv product was significantly less virulent than wild-type h1n1 virus, when evaluated by comparing virus shedding and histopathologic lesions. the data indicated strong evidence for an attenuated phenotype of laiv. furthermore, the vaccine induced robust humoral immune responses in seronegative ferrets, and protected ferrets against development of fever, weight loss and turbinate infl ... | 2016 | 27997342 |
| simultaneous detection of influenza a subtypes of h3n2 virus, pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and reassortant avian h7n9 virus in humans by multiplex one-step real-time rt-pcr assay. | influenza a virus is a leading causative pathogen of human acute respiratory infection. recently, the co-circulation of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and seasonal h3n2 viruses was reported, and sporadic cases with reassortant avian h7n9 virus are continually reported in china. we aimed to establish a multiplex one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assay to simultaneously detect and discriminate flua subtypes, including human seasonal h3n2 virus, pandemic (h1n1) 2009 ... | 2016 | 27995031 |
| national influenza surveillance in the philippines from 2006 to 2012: seasonality and circulating strains. | the results of routine influenza surveillance in 13 regions in the philippines from 2006 to 2012 are presented, describing the annual seasonal epidemics of confirmed influenza virus infection, seasonal and alert thresholds, epidemic curve, and circulating influenza strains. | 2016 | 27993136 |
| whole-genome characterization of a novel human influenza a(h1n2) virus variant, brazil. | we report the characterization of a novel reassortant influenza a(h1n2) virus not previously reported in humans. recovered from a a pig farm worker in southeast brazil who had influenza-like illness, this virus is a triple reassortant containing gene segments from subtypes h1n2 (hemagglutinin), h3n2 (neuraminidase), and pandemic h1n1 (remaining genes). | 2017 | 27983507 |
| in vitro anti-viral activity of psoraleae semen water extract against influenza a viruses. | influenza causes respiratory infections and poses health risks to humans and animals; its effects are complicated by increasing resistance to existing anti-influenza viral agents. therefore, novel therapeutic approaches against influenza virus infection are required. psoraleae semen has been widely used in traditional medicine in korea, taiwan, china, and japan for treating and preventing various diseases. in this study, we examined the anti-viral activities and mechanism of action of the water ... | 2016 | 27965579 |
| epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in chongqing, china, 2011-2015. | chongqing is the largest municipality and located in southwestern of china, with over 30 million registered inhabitants. there are few reports regarding the epidemiology of influenza in chongqing. the objective of the paper is to explore the epidemiology of influenza in chongqing, in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. | 2016 | 27936139 |
| generation and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific to avian influenza h7n9 haemagglutinin protein. | emerging virulent strains of influenza virus pose a serious public health threat with potential pandemic consequences. a novel avian influenza virus, h7n9, breached the species barrier from infected domestic poultry to humans in 2013 in china. since then, it has caused numerous infections in humans with a close contact to poultry. | 2017 | 27934828 |
| reassortment between swine h3n2 and 2009 pandemic h1n1 in the united states resulted in influenza a viruses with diverse genetic constellations with variable virulence in pigs. | repeated spillovers of the h1n1 pandemic virus (h1n1pdm09) from humans to pigs resulted in substantial evolution of influenza a viruses infecting swine, contributing to the genetic and antigenic diversity of influenza a viruses (iav) currently circulating in swine. the reassortment with endemic swine viruses and maintenance of some of the h1n1pdm09 internal genes resulted in the circulation of different genomic constellations in pigs. here, we performed a whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of 36 ... | 2017 | 27928015 |
| influenza a virus vaccines for swine. | economic losses due to influenza a virus (iav) infections are substantial and a global problem, ranking among the top three major health challenges in the swine industry. currently, h1 and h3 subtypes circulate in pigs globally associated with different combinations of n1 and n2 subtypes; however, the origin, gene constellation, and antigenic makeup of iav vary greatly on different continents. vaccination is one means of mitigating the effects of iav disease, and vaccines are most effective if t ... | 2016 | 27923501 |
| performance evaluation of allplex respiratory panels 1, 2, and 3 for detection of respiratory viruses and influenza a virus subtypes. | the allplex respiratory panels 1, 2, and 3 (allplex) comprise a one-step real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for the detection of respiratory viruses (rvs) and influenza a subtypes based on multiple detection temperature (mudt) technology. the performance of the allplex assay was compared with those of the advansure rv real-time pcr kit (advansure) and the powerchek pandemic h1n1/h3n2/h5n1 real-time pcr kit (powerchek) using 417 clinical respiratory specimens. in comparison with the advans ... | 2017 | 27903601 |
| establishment of memory cd8+ t cells with live attenuated influenza virus across different vaccination doses. | flumist has been used in children and adults for more than 10 years. as pre-existing cd8+ t cell memory pools can provide heterologous immunity against distinct influenza viruses, it is important to understand influenza-specific cd8+ t cell responses elicited by different live attenuated influenza virus (laiv) regimens. in this study, we immunized mice intranasally with two different doses of live-attenuated pr8 virus (pr8 ts, h1n1), low and high, and then assessed protective efficacy by challen ... | 2016 | 27902386 |
| school absenteeism among school-aged children with medically attended acute viral respiratory illness during three influenza seasons, 2012-2013 through 2014-2015. | acute respiratory illnesses (aris) are common in school-aged children, but few studies have assessed school absenteeism due to specific respiratory viruses. | 2016 | 27885805 |
| monitoring respiratory virus infection in the metropolitan area of belo horizonte, brazil, 2011-2013. | to analyze the circulation of respiratory viruses in people living in the metropolitan area of belo horizonte, brazil, and hospitalized in belo horizonte from 2011 to 2013. | 2016 | 27869941 |
| origin, distribution, and potential risk factors associated with influenza a virus in swine in two production systems in guatemala. | guatemala is the country with the largest swine production in central america; however, evidence of influenza a virus (iav) in pigs has not been clearly delineated. | 2017 | 27860313 |
| detection and pathogenesis of a novel swine h3n2 influenza virus containing three genes from the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses in korea in 2015. | | 2016 | 27853991 |
| surveillance of antiviral resistance markers in argentina: detection of e119v neuraminidase mutation in a post-treatment immunocompromised patient. | although vaccines are the best means of protection against influenza, neuraminidase inhibitors are currently the main antiviral treatment available to control severe influenza cases. one of the most frequent substitutions in the neuraminidase (na) protein of influenza a(h3n2) viruses during or soon after oseltamivir administration is e119v mutation. we describe the emergence of a mixed viral population with the e119e/v mutation in the na protein sequence in a post-treatment influenza sample coll ... | 2016 | 27849220 |
| seasonal influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus and severe outcomes: a reason for broader vaccination in non-elderly, at-risk people. | recent pandemics of influenza a h1n1pdm09 virus have caused severe illness, especially in young people. very few studies on influenza a h1n1pdm09 in post-pandemic periods exist, and there is no information on the severity of both seasonal influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) from the same season, adjusting for potential confounders, including vaccine. | 2016 | 27832114 |
| high antiviral effect of tio2·pl-dna nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (-)rna and (+)rna of influenza a virus in cell culture. | background: the development of new antiviral drugs based on nucleic acids is under scrutiny. an important problem in this aspect is to find the most vulnerable conservative regions in the viral genome as targets for the action of these agents. another challenge is the development of an efficient system for their delivery into cells. to solve this problem, we proposed a tio2·pl-dna nanocomposite consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polylysine (pl)-containing oligonucleotides. results: ... | 2016 | 27826491 |
| versatility of a localized surface plasmon resonance-based gold nanoparticle-alloyed quantum dot nanobiosensor for immunofluorescence detection of viruses. | flu infection, caused by the influenza virus, constitutes a serious threat to human lives worldwide. a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis is urgently needed for point-of-care treatment and to control the rapid spread of this disease. in this study, an ultrasensitive, rapid and specific localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr)-induced immunofluorescence nanobiosensor has been developed for the influenza virus based on a gold nanoparticle (aunp)-induced quantum dot (qd) fluorescence signal. ... | 2017 | 27825520 |
| genotyping and detection of common avian and human origin-influenza viruses using a portable chemiluminescence imaging microarray. | influenza viruses are divided into three types, a, b, and c. human influenza a and b viruses can cause seasonal epidemics, but influenza c causes only a mild respiratory illness. influenza a virus can infect various host species. in 2013, human-infectious avian influenza a (h7n9) was first reported in china. by the second week of 2014, there were 210 laboratory-confirmed human cases in the country, and the mortality rate eventually reached 22 %. rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza viruses ... | 2016 | 27822445 |
| influence of social contact patterns and demographic factors on influenza simulation results. | the demographic composition and the frequency and nature of social contacts may affect the spread of influenza virus in a population, resulting in distinct age-dependent immunity patterns. as demography and social contact rates differ strongly between european countries, this may impact infection incidence and vaccine effectiveness and thus limit the extent to which conclusions derived from observations in one country can be generalized to others. in the current study, we aimed to decipher the i ... | 2016 | 27821137 |
| molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire in young adults before and after seasonal influenza vaccination. | molecular understanding of serological immunity to influenza has been confounded by the complexity of the polyclonal antibody response in humans. here we used high-resolution proteomics analysis of immunoglobulin (referred to as ig-seq) coupled with high-throughput sequencing of transcripts encoding b cell receptors (bcr-seq) to quantitatively determine the antibody repertoire at the individual clonotype level in the sera of young adults before and after vaccination with trivalent seasonal influ ... | 2016 | 27820605 |
| exogenous activation of invariant natural killer t cells by α-galactosylceramide reduces pneumococcal outgrowth and dissemination postinfluenza. | influenza a virus infection can predispose to potentially devastating secondary bacterial infections. invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells are unconventional, lipid-reactive t lymphocytes that exert potent immunostimulatory functions. using a mouse model of postinfluenza invasive secondary pneumococcal infection, we sought to establish whether α-galactosylceramide (α-galcer [a potent inkt cell agonist that is currently in clinical development]) could limit bacterial superinfection. our result ... | 2016 | 27803187 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d was not associated with influenza virus infection in children and adults in hong kong, 2009-2010. | some studies have hypothesized that vitamin d may have a role to play in protection against influenza virus infections and illnesses, and that seasonal fluctuation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25(oh)d] may affect seasonal patterns of influenza virus infections. | 2016 | 27798334 |
| constitutively expressed ifitm3 protein in human endothelial cells poses an early infection block to human influenza viruses. | a role for pulmonary endothelial cells in the orchestration of cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment during influenza virus infection, leading to severe lung damage, has been recently identified. as the mechanistic pathway for this ability is not fully known, we extended previous studies on influenza virus tropism in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. we found that a subset of avian influenza viruses, including potentially pandemic h5n1, h7n9, and h9n2 viruses, could infect huma ... | 2016 | 27707929 |
| virologic differences do not fully explain the diversification of swine influenza viruses in the united states. | influenza a(h1n1) viruses entered the u.s. swine population following the 1918 pandemic and remained genetically stable for roughly 80 years. in 1998, there was an outbreak of influenza-like illness among swine that was caused by a(h3n2) viruses containing the triple reassortant internal gene (trig) cassette. following the trig cassette emergence, numerous reassortant viruses were isolated in nature, suggesting that the trig virus had an enhanced ability to reassort compared to the classical swi ... | 2016 | 27581984 |
| seasonal influenza vaccination of children induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity beyond the current season: cross-reactivity with past and future strains. | influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing the effectiveness of prior immune protection. | 2016 | 27571905 |
| fatal cases of seasonal influenza in russia in 2015-2016. | the influenza epidemic in 2015-2016 in russia is characterized by a sharp increase of influenza cases (beginning from the second week of 2016) with increased fatalities. influenza was confirmed in 20 fatal cases registered among children (0-10 years), in 5 cases among pregnant women, and in 173 cases among elderly people (60 years and older). two hundred and ninety nine people died from influenza were patients with some chronic problems. the overwhelming majority among the deceased (more than 98 ... | 2016 | 27776172 |
| circulation of multiple genotypes of h1n2 viruses in a swine farm in italy over a two-month period. | in august 2012 repeated respiratory outbreaks caused by swine influenza a virus (swiav) were registered for a whole year in a breeding farm in northeast italy that supplied piglets for fattening. the virus, initially characterized in the farm, was a reassortant eurasian avian-like h1n1 (h1avn1) genotype, containing a haemagglutinin segment derived from the pandemic h1n1 (a(h1n1)pdm09) lineage. to control infection, a vaccination program using vaccines against the a(h1n1)pdm09, human-like h1n2 (h ... | 2016 | 27771067 |
| improving influenza virological surveillance in europe: strain-based reporting of antigenic and genetic characterisation data, 11 european countries, influenza season 2013/14. | influenza antigenic and genetic characterisation data are crucial for influenza vaccine composition decision making. previously, aggregate data were reported to the european centre for disease prevention and control by european union/european economic area (eu/eea) countries. a system for collecting case-specific influenza antigenic and genetic characterisation data was established for the 2013/14 influenza season. in a pilot study, 11 eu/eea countries reported through the new mechanism. we demo ... | 2016 | 27762211 |
| virological surveillance of influenza in four recent post-pandemic seasons (2010/11 to 2013/14) in bulgaria. | influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for studying the evolution of influenza viruses as well as for annual updating of the vaccine composition. the aim of the present study is to analyse the circulation of the influenza viruses in bulgaria during the four recent post-pandemic seasons. | 2016 | 27755859 |
| characterization of influenza outbreaks in lebanon during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. | despite the significant burden of influenza outbreaks, active disease monitoring has been largely absent in the middle east, including lebanon. in this study we characterized influenza virus in 440 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients with acute respiratory infections during two influenza seasons in lebanon. influenza a(h3n2) was dominant in the 2013/14 season while the a(h1n1)pdm09 and b/yamagata strains were most prevalent in the 2014/15 season. all tested isolates were susceptible to ... | 2016 | 27714749 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of a(h1n1) pdm09 and h3n2 viruses in jordan, 2011-2013. | understanding the genetic evolution of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 viruses can help better select strains to be included in the annual influenza vaccine. there is little information on their evolution in jordan so this study investigated the genetic and antigenic variability of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 viruses in jordan by performing phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the ha and na genes of a(h1n1)pdm09 and h3n2 viruses between 2011 and 2013. the full ha and na genes of 16 h1n1-positive samples obtaine ... | 2016 | 27714744 |
| modelling of seasonal influenza and estimation of the burden in tunisia. | the burden of influenza was estimated from surveillance data in tunisia using epidemiological parameters of transmission with who classical tools and mathematical modelling. the incidence rates of influenza-associated influenza-like illness (ili) per 100 000 were 18 735 in 2012/2013 season; 5536 in 2013/14 and 12 602 in 2014/15. the estimated proportions of influenza-associated ili in the total outpatient load were 3.16%; 0.86% and 1.98% in the 3 seasons respectively. distribution of influenza v ... | 2016 | 27714740 |
| detection of influenza b viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitor in morocco during 2014/15 season. | we monitored phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in morocco during 2014-2015 to oseltamivir and zanamivir. throat and nasal swab specimens were collected from outpatients (with influenza-like illness) and inpatients (with severe acute respiratory illness) and tested for influenza viruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. positive samples were inoculated in mdck cells and virus phenotypic susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitor ... | 2016 | 27714739 |
| characteristics of severe acute respiratory infectionassociated hospitalization in yemen, 2014/15. | this study aims to describe etiological agents, demographic details of patients, seasonality and underlying conditions among patients hospitalized due to viral severe acute respiratory infection (sari) in yemen. we carried out a retrospective descriptive analysis of data from january 2014 to december 2015. nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from each patient for laboratory testing. a total of 1346 diagnostic specimens were tested, of which 733 (54%) were positive for influenza viruses. influenza a( ... | 2016 | 27714737 |
| genetic characterization of influenza viruses from influenza-related hospital admissions in the st. petersburg and valencia sites of the global influenza hospital surveillance network during the 2013/14 influenza season. | continuous surveillance for genetic changes in circulating influenza viruses is needed to guide influenza prevention and control. | 2016 | 27690141 |
| immunity against influenza a(h1n1) infections is determined by age at the time of initial strain circulation. | we explored age-dependent patterns in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titre to seasonal [1956 a(h1n1), 1977 a(h1n1), 2007 a(h1n1)] and pandemic [a(h1n1)pdm09] influenza strains using serological data collected from an adult french influenza cohort. subjects were recruited by their general practitioners from 2008 to 2009 and followed until 2010. we explored age-related differences between strain-specific hi titres using 1053 serological samples collected over the study period from 398 unvaccina ... | 2017 | 27682472 |
| sensitive detection and simultaneous discrimination of influenza a and b viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs in a single assay using next-generation sequencing-based diagnostics. | reassortment of 2009 (h1n1) pandemic influenza virus (pdh1n1) with other strains may produce more virulent and pathogenic forms, detection and their rapid characterization is critical. in this study, we reported a "one-size-fits-all" approach using a next-generation sequencing (ngs) detection platform to extensively identify influenza viral genomes for diagnosis and determination of novel virulence and drug resistance markers. a de novo module and other bioinformatics tools were used to generate ... | 2017 | 27658193 |
| update: influenza activity - united states and worldwide, may 22-september 10, 2016. | during may 22-september 10, 2016,* the united states experienced typical low levels of seasonal influenza activity overall; beginning in late august, clinical laboratories reported a slight increase in influenza positive test results and cdc received reports of a small number of localized influenza outbreaks caused by influenza a (h3n2) viruses. influenza a (h1n1)pdm09, influenza a (h3n2), and influenza b viruses were detected during may-september in the united states and worldwide. the majority ... | 2016 | 27657671 |
| reassortment of high-yield influenza viruses in vero cells and safety assessment as candidate vaccine strains. | vaccination is the practiced and accessible measure for preventing influenza infection. because chicken embryos used for vaccine production have various insufficiencies, more efficient methods are needed. african green monkey kidney (vero) cells are recommended by the world health organization (who) as a safe substitute for influenza vaccine production for humans. however, the influenza virus usually had low-yield in vero cells, which limits the usage of vero cellular vaccines. this study used 2 ... | 2017 | 27648636 |
| influenza in children. | in children, influenza is one among the commonest causes of acute respiratory illness and loss of school days. influenza a, b, and c are 3 types of viruses responsible for illness. type a virus has many subtypes based on antigens but type b and type c viruses have no known subtypes. currently, influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and influenza type b viruses are circulating in humans. transmission of influenza occurs through droplets from infected person or through direct contact with person or fomites. cl ... | 2017 | 27641976 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of the interface mediating interaction between the influenza a virus non-structural protein-1 and a monoclonal antibody. | we have previously shown that a non-structural protein 1 (ns1)-binding monoclonal antibody, termed as 2h6, can significantly reduce influenza a virus (iav) replication when expressed intracellularly. in this study, we further showed that 2h6 binds stronger to the ns1 of h5n1 than a/puerto rico/8/1934(h1n1) because of an amino acid difference at residue 48. a crystal structure of 2h6 fragment antigen-binding (fab) has also been solved and docked onto the ns1 structure to reveal the contacts betwe ... | 2016 | 27633136 |
| recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2016-2017. | the purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for the routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. the aap recommends annual seasonal influenza immunization for everyone 6 months and older, including children and adolescents. highlights for the upcoming 2016-2017 season include the following: 1. annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent (no preference) ... | 2016 | 27600320 |
| titration of individual strains in trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine without neutralization. | formulation and quality control of trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine requires titration of infectivity of individual strains in the trivalent mix. this is usually performed by selective neutralization of two of the three strains and titration of the un-neutralized strain in cell culture or embryonated eggs. this procedure requires standard sera with high neutralizing titer against each of the three strains. obtaining standard sera, which can specifically neutralize only the correspondi ... | 2016 | 27596269 |
| m2sr, a novel live single replication influenza virus vaccine, provides effective heterosubtypic protection in mice. | despite the annual public health burden of seasonal influenza and the continuing threat of a global pandemic posed by the emergence of highly pathogenic/pandemic strains, conventional influenza vaccines do not provide universal protection, and exhibit suboptimal efficacy rates, even when they are well matched to circulating strains. to address the need for a highly effective universal influenza vaccine, we have developed a novel m2-deficient single replication vaccine virus (m2sr) that induces s ... | 2016 | 27595896 |
| size distribution analysis of influenza virus particles using size exclusion chromatography. | size exclusion chromatography is a standard method in quality control of biopharmaceutical proteins. in contrast, vaccine analysis is often based on activity assays. the hemagglutination assay is a widely accepted influenza quantification method, providing no insight in the size distribution of virus particles. capabilities of size exclusion chromatography to complement the hemagglutination assay are investigated. the presented method is comparatively robust regarding different buffer systems, i ... | 2016 | 27578410 |
| broad spectrum anti-influenza agents by inhibiting self-association of matrix protein 1. | the matrix protein 1 (m1) of influenza a virus (iav) exists as a three-dimensional oligomeric structure in mature virions with high sequence conservation across different iav subtypes, which makes it a potential broad spectrum antiviral target. we hypothesized that impairing self-association of m1 through a small molecule 'wedge', which avidly binds to an m1-m1 interface, would result in a completely new class of anti-influenza agents. to establish this proof-of-principle, we performed virtual s ... | 2016 | 27573445 |