| paramyxovirus accessory proteins as interferon antagonists. | a new role of the paramyxovirus accessory proteins has been uncovered. the p gene of the subfamily paramyxovirinae encodes accessory proteins including the v and/or c protein by means of pseudotemplated nucleotide addition (rna editing) or by overlapping open reading frame. the respirovirus (sendai virus and human parainfluenza virus (hpiv)3) and rubulavirus (simian virus (sv)5, sv41, mumps virus and hpiv2) circumvent the interferon (ifn) response by inhibiting ifn signaling. the responsible gen ... | 2001 | 11838896 |
| epidemiology and clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a rural area of southern mozambique. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants throughout most of the world, but little is known about rsv infection in africa where lrti are among the leading causes of infant and childhood death. | 2002 | 11840083 |
| caveolin-1 is incorporated into mature respiratory syncytial virus particles during virus assembly on the surface of virus-infected cells. | we have employed immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to examine the assembly and maturation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the vero cell line c1008. rsv matures at the apical cell surface in a filamentous form that extends from the plasma membrane. we observed that inclusion bodies containing viral ribonucleoprotein (rnp) cores predominantly appeared immediately below the plasma membrane, from where rsv filaments form during maturation at the cell surface. ... | 2002 | 11842256 |
| [bronchiolitis caused by influenza type a virus. an emerging infectious disease]. | to prospectively study the emergence and diagnostic problems of bronchiolitis caused by influenza a virus among children durign the 1999-2000 influenza epidemic. | 2001 | 11844450 |
| bronchiolitis: update 2001. | in this review, reports from last year on the following topics are summarized: (1) reviews of bronchiolitis in infants; respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated illness, including possible viral mechanisms of alteration of airway function and results of an epidemiologic study of bronchiolitis-associated mortality. studies evaluating (2) the use of serum eosinophilic cationic protein as a marker for development of subsequent persistent wheezing infants; (3) parental bronchial responsiveness a ... | 2002 | 11845006 |
| rfi-641, a potent respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a paramyxovirus, is a major cause of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and adults. rfi-641 is a novel anti-rsv agent with potent in vitro and in vivo activity. rfi-641 is active against both rsv type a and b strains. the viral specificity and the large therapeutic window of rfi-641 (>100-fold) indicate that the antiviral activity of the compound is not due to adverse effects on normal cells. the potent in vitro ... | 2002 | 11850270 |
| palivizumab is highly effective in suppressing respiratory syncytial virus in an immunosuppressed animal model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is widely recognized as a leading cause of pneumonia, with substantial mortality, in bone marrow transplant recipients. we tested the efficacy of a systemic monoclonal antibody (mab) preparation possessing a high titer of anti-rsv neutralizing antibody, palivizumab (synagis) for prophylaxis and therapy of rsv infection in cytoxan (cy) immunosuppressed cotton rats, a model in which the efficacy of a polyclonal anti-rsv product (respigam) has been demonstrated. bo ... | 2002 | 11850705 |
| p60(v-src) and serum control cell shape and apoptosis via distinct pathways in quail neuroretina cells. | we made use of qnr cells transformed by a thermosensitive (tsny68) strain of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) to compare the effect of p60(v-src) and serum in cultured nerve cells. in this system, both p60(v-src) heat inactivation and serum removal resulted in growth arrest in g1. in both cases, growth arrest was reversible since cell proliferation was rapidly re-induced following respectively p60v-src renaturation or serum re-addition. however, cells did not fully recover their ability to grow in s ... | 2002 | 11850837 |
| the development of a mimotope-based synthetic peptide vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide and the development of a synthetic peptide epitope-based vaccine to induce virus-neutralising antibodies against rsv would seem to be a valid approach to the production of an effective vaccine against infection.a combinatorial solid-phase peptide library has been screened with a virus-neutralising, protective monoclonal antibody (mab19) directed towards a conserved ... | 2001 | 11851318 |
| alloantigen system l affects the outcome of rous sarcomas. | this study was designed to examine the alloantigen system l effects on rous sarcomas in three b complex genotypes. the parental stock was 50% modified wisconsin line 3 x white leghorn line niu 4 and 50% inbred line 6.15-5. pedigree matings of two b(2)b(5) l(1)l(2) sires to five b(2)b(5) l(1)l(2) dams per sire produced experimental chicks segregating for b and l genotypes. chicks were inoculated with 20 pock-forming units (pfu) of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) at 6 weeks of age. tumors were scored six ... | 2002 | 11856813 |
| effect of lack of interleukin-4, interleukin-12, interleukin-18, or the interferon-gamma receptor on virus replication, cytokine response, and lung pathology during respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. | rsv is an important cause of bronchiolitis in infants. immunopathology may play a role in rsv-induced bronchiolitis and severe rsv-induced disease has been associated with a th2 type immune response. the aim of the study was to identify cytokine pathways that are crucial in influencing rsv-induced disease. for that purpose we inoculated ifngammar-/-, il-12-/-, il-18-/-, or il-4-/- mice with rsv. we observed that an rsv infection resulted in a predominant th1 cytokine response associated with sli ... | 2002 | 11857536 |
| the organization of mature rous sarcoma virus as studied by cryoelectron microscopy. | we have studied the organization of mature infectious rous sarcoma virus (rsv), suspended in vitreous ice, using transmission electron microscopy. the enveloped virions are spherical in shape, have a mean diameter of 127 nm, and vary significantly in size. image processing reveals the presence of the viral matrix protein underlying the lipid bilayer and the viral envelope proteins external to the lipid bilayer. in the interior of the virus, the characteristic mature retroviral core is clearly im ... | 2001 | 11858708 |
| enhanced immune protection by a liposome-encapsulated recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine using immunogenic lipids from deinococcus radiodurans. | the radiation-resistant bacterium, deinococcus radiodurans contains a variety of phospho-, glyco- and phosphoglycolipids, the structures of which appear to be largely unique in nature. we show here that such lipids are immunogenic when administered as liposomes intranasally in mice, as evidenced by the induction of serum antibodies which recognize d. radiodurans lipids but not other lipids by thin layer chromatographic immunostaining. by modifying a liposomal vaccine against respiratory syncytia ... | 2002 | 11858866 |
| tumor-specific transcriptional targeting of suicide gene therapy. | transcriptional targeting of gene expression has been plagued by the weakness of tissue-specific promoters. thus, to increase promoter strength while maintaining tissue specificity, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus containing a binary promoter system with a tumor-specific promoter (cea; carcinoembryonic antigen) driving a transcription transactivator, which then activates a minimal promoter to express a suicide gene (hsv-tk; herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase). this adv/binary-tk induc ... | 2002 | 11859419 |
| construction and characterization of affibody-fc chimeras produced in escherichia coli. | affibody-fc chimeras were constructed by genetic fusion between different affibody affinity proteins with prescribed specificities and an fc fragment derived from human igg. using affibody ligands previously selected for binding to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) surface protein g and thermus aquaticus (taq) dna polymerase, respectively, affibody-fc fusion proteins showing spontaneous fc fragment-mediated homodimerization via disulfide bridges were produced in escherichia coli and affinity pur ... | 2002 | 11861078 |
| budding of equine infectious anemia virus is insensitive to proteasome inhibitors. | the only retrovirus protein required for the budding of virus-like particles is the gag protein; however, recent studies of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus have suggested that modification of gag with ubiquitin (ub) is also required. as a consequence, the release of these viruses is reduced in the presence of proteasome inhibitors, which indirectly reduce the levels of free ub within the cell. here we show that the budding of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) from i ... | 2002 | 11861830 |
| in vivo interference of rous sarcoma virus budding by cis expression of a ww domain. | for all enveloped viruses, the actual mechanism by which nascent virus particles separate or "pinch off" from the cell surface is largely unknown. in the case of retroviruses, the gag protein drives the budding process, and the virus release step is directed by the late (l) assembly domain within gag. a ppppy motif within the l domain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) was previously characterized as being critical for the release of virions and shown to interact in vitro with the ww domain of yes-asso ... | 2002 | 11861846 |
| identification of temperature-sensitive mutations in the phosphoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus that are likely involved in its interaction with the nucleoprotein. | the phosphoprotein (p) of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an essential component of the viral rna polymerase, along with the large polymerase (l), nucleocapsid (n), and m2-1 proteins. by screening a randomly mutagenized p gene cdna library, two independent mutations, one with a substitution of glycine at position 172 by serine (g172s) and the other with a substitution of glutamic acid at position 176 by glycine (e176g), were identified to result in the loss of n-p interaction at 37 de ... | 2002 | 11861854 |
| detection and subgrouping of respiratory syncytial virus directly from nasopharyngeal aspirates. | objective: to develop a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based assay to identify the subgroup of the infecting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain directly from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas). methods: a total of 154 npas which were positive for rsv antigen by direct immunofluorescence were subjected to rt-pcr. the primers used were designed to give products for subgroup a and b which were of different sizes and easily visualized on agarose electrophoresis. the pcr ... | 1997 | 11864086 |
| regular pattern of respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus infections and relation to weather in stockholm, 1984--1993. | objective: to seek the possible epidemiologic relationship between the two dominant pediatric infectious agents, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rotavirus, and to analyze the relationship of rsv to influenza virus infections and climate. methods: in the laboratory register, we retrospectively identified pediatric cases less than 5 years of age from the period 1984--93 (including the winter of 1994). rsv was diagnosed by immunofluorescence in nasopharyngeal samples and rotavirus infections ... | 1997 | 11864206 |
| effect of aging on cytokine production in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | in vitro cytokine production in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza infections was investigated in 11 "young" (mean age, 31 years) and "older" (mean age, 75 years) healthy volunteers by use of interferon (ifn)-gamma elispot and elisa analysis of cytokines in culture supernatants. autologous dendritic cells (dcs), derived by culturing adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells in granulocyte-macrophage colony--stimulating factor and interleukin-4, were used as antigen-pre ... | 2002 | 11865426 |
| analysis of rous sarcoma virus capsid protein variants assembled on lipid monolayers. | during assembly and morphogenesis of rous sarcoma virus (rsv), proteolytic processing of the structural precursor (pr76gag) protein generates three capsid (ca) protein variants, ca476, ca479, and ca488. the proteins share identical n-terminal domains (ntds), but are truncated at residues corresponding to gag codons 476, 479, and 488 in their ca c-terminal domains (ctds). to characterize oligomeric forms of the rsv ca variants, we examined 2d crystals of the capsid proteins, assembled on lipid mo ... | 2002 | 11866525 |
| a method for identifying the financial burden of hospitalized infants on families. | to describe a method for measuring the direct and indirect costs to families of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2002 | 11873385 |
| nasal and oral nitric oxide levels during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of adults. | nitric oxide (no) is a recognized mediator of inflammation in diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract, and has been implicated in the expression of viral upper respiratory tract infections. here, exhaled nasal and oral no concentrations and nitrite concentrations in nasal lavage fluids were measured, symptoms were scored and pulmonary function was evaluated before (day 0) and after (days 1-8) experimental exposure of 17 adult subjects to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) type b. after exp ... | 2002 | 11876601 |
| promoter strength in adenovirus transducing vectors: down-regulation of the adenovirus e1a promoter in 293 cells facilitates vector construction. | most adenovirus transducing vectors have the cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (cmv) or the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (rsv) promoter driving expression of the transgene. both of these promoters are highly active in transfection and transduction assays in 293 cells, in which transducing vectors are constructed and grown, and in hela cells. the cmv promoter exhibits rapid activation while the rsv promoter exhibits a lag prior to the onset of viral dna replication in transduction ... | 2001 | 11878880 |
| targeted therapy of respiratory syncytial virus in african green monkeys by intranasally administered 2-5a antisense. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, young children, immunocompromised patients, and the institutionalized elderly. previous work had shown that rnase l, an antiviral enzyme of the interferon system, could be recruited to cleave rsv genomic rna by attaching tetrameric 2prime prime or minute-5prime prime or minute-linked oligoadenylates (2-5a) to an oligonucleotide complementary to repetitive gene-start sequences within the rsv genome (2-5a antis ... | 2002 | 11878909 |
| diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection: comparison of reverse transcription-pcr to viral culture and serology in adults with respiratory illness. | diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during acute infection in adults is difficult because of the poor sensitivity of viral culture and antigen detection. a recently developed single-tube nested reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) was compared to viral culture and serology by enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of rsv in adults with respiratory illness. nasal swab samples were collected during respiratory illnesses from five groups of subjects: healthy young adults, healthy elderly adu ... | 2002 | 11880399 |
| the role of ifn in respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine preparations have been shown to cause enhanced disease in naive hosts following natural infection. in this study we demonstrate a similar pattern of enhanced disease severity following primary rsv infection of ifn-nonresponsive stat1(-/-) mice. stat1(-/-) mice showed markedly increased illness compared with wild-type balb/c animals following rsv inoculation despite similar lung virus titers and rates of virus clearance. histologicall ... | 2002 | 11884466 |
| nosocomial pneumonia in pediatric patients: practical problems and rational solutions. | nosocomial pneumonia is a common hospital-acquired infection in children, and is often fatal. risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia include admission to an intensive care unit, intubation, burns, surgery, and underlying chronic illness. viruses, predominantly respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), are the most common cause of pediatric nosocomial respiratory tract infections. gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) are the predominant bacterial pa ... | 2002 | 11888355 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in epithelial cells. | increased gelatinolytic activity was observed in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected hep-2 cells by using zymography. the anti-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) antibody specifically reduced the gelatinolytic activity suggesting that the increased gelatinolytic activity was due to the mmp-9. it was also supported by the results from immunofluorescent staining, treatment of mmp inhibitors, and rsv infection of the cell clones that were transfected with plasmids to express more mmp-9 and t ... | 2002 | 11890521 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory disease in young children in both developing and developed countries. by age 2, nearly all children have been infected by rsv.the clinical manifestations range from mild upper respiratory symptoms to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. first infections are nearly always symptomatic and frequently cause lower respiratory tract disease, whereas subsequent infections are generally milder. although children with underlying conditio ... | 2002 | 11891515 |
| vaccine prevention of acute otitis media. | the incidence of acute otitis media (aom) in infants and young children has increased dramatically in recent years in the united states. aom often follows upper respiratory tract infections due to pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus (piv). these viruses cause eustachian tube dysfunction that is critical to the pathogenesis of aom. vaccines against these viruses would likely reduce the incidence of aom. in three previous studies, influenza ... | 2001 | 11892059 |
| a cellular protein phosphorylated by the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product is associated with ribonucleoprotein particles. | in chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) the tyrosine phosphorylation of a cellular protein of 34,000 daltons mol. wt. (34 kd) is greatly enhanced; this was shown to be catalyzed by the phosphotransferase activity of rsv transforming protein pp60src. we report here that in cytoplasmic extracts of both normal and transformed cells, in the presence of magnesium ions, the majority of the 34-kd protein is associated with large structures and that a fraction of 34 kd appear ... | 1983 | 11894943 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | respiratory syncytial virus, one of the most common causes of respiratory infections in immunocompetent individuals, is frequently spread to recipients of hsct by family members, other patients, and health care workers. in immunosuppressed individuals, progression from upper respiratory tract disease to pneumonia is common, and usually fatal if left untreated. we performed a retrospective analysis of rsv infections in recipients of autologous or allogeneic transplants. the incidence of rsv follo ... | 2002 | 11896429 |
| the failure of interleukin-10-deficient mice to develop airway hyperresponsiveness is overcome by respiratory syncytial virus infection in allergen-sensitized/challenged mice. | interleukin-10-deficient mice develop a robust pulmonary inflammatory response but no airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) to inhaled methacholine (mch) following allergen sensitization and challenge. in the present study, we investigated the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on ahr and pulmonary inflammation in allergic il-10-/- mice. unlike littermate control mice, rsv-infected or ovalbumin (ova)-sensitized/challenged il-10-/- mice failed to develop significant ahr. in contrast ... | 2002 | 11897651 |
| characteristics of a respiratory syncytial virus persistently infected macrophage-like culture. | a persistently infected culture obtained from immortalized murine macrophage-like cells, which survived respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection at multiplicity of one, was established and characterized. the presence of rsv through the passages was confirmed and monitored by (a) detection of infectious virus by tcid(50)/ml, (b) defective particles by viral infectivity interference and buoyant density determinations, (c) cell surface antigen by indirect immunofluorescence and facs, and (d) exp ... | 2002 | 11900838 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and the primary care physician. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a common viral illness affecting almost all children within their first few years of life. in most young children, rsv results in a mild respiratory infection. it is, however, the single most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonitis in infancy and contributes to significant morbidity and even mortality in a subset of high-risk children. there are new developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rsv infection in infants and chi ... | 2002 | 11902705 |
| [humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody]. | respiratory syncytial virus remains a significant cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in children. the risk of serious rsv illness is highest among children with prematurity, chronic lung disease and congenital heart disease. no effective vaccine and anti-viral agents have been obtained even now. therefore, conservative therapy including respiratory aid has been a principal therapy for serious rsv disease. recently, monthly intramuscular administration of humanized anti-rsv monoclona ... | 2002 | 11904963 |
| respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein associates with nucleocapsids in infected cells. | little is known about the functions of the matrix (m) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). by analogy with other negative-strand rna viruses, the m protein should inhibit the viral polymerase prior to packaging and facilitate virion assembly. in this study, localization of the rsv m protein in infected cells and its association with the rsv nucleocapsid complex was investigated. rsv-infected cells were shown to contain characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions. further analysis showed that ... | 2002 | 11907323 |
| genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection in inbred mice. | differences in the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced lower respiratory disease in infants have been attributed to multiple environmental and genetic factors. to identify the genetic factor(s) influencing rsv susceptibility, we examined rsv infection in eight inbred mouse strains. lung rsv titers differed significantly between mouse strains: the rsv titers were 15-fold higher in akr/j (permissive) mice compared with c57bl/6j (resistant) mice at 4 days after inoculation. this s ... | 2002 | 11920822 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and tnf alpha induction of chemokine gene expression involves differential activation of rel a and nf-kappa b1. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of airway epithelial cells stimulates the expression and secretion of a variety of cytokines including the chemotactic cytokines interleukin-8 (il-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), and rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted). chemokines are important chemoattractants for the recruitment of distinct sets of leukocytes to airway sites of inflammation. | 2002 | 11922866 |
| [guidelines for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. an update]. | epidemiological studies performed by the iris study group in the last two respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons found that the hospitalization rates for rsv in premature infants born before or in week 32 of gestation were 13.4 % and 13.1 %, respectively. of these, 18 % and 25 % of the infants were admitted to the intensive care unit. currently available information demonstrates the efficacy of rsv monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) and the absence of major adverse effects. to date, there ar ... | 2002 | 11927077 |
| [chemoprophylaxis with palivizumab in andalusia (spain). results of the 2000-2001 respiratory syncytial virus epidemic]. | to assess the hospitalization rate for bronchiolitis in newborns treated with palivizumab in andalusia. | 2002 | 11927095 |
| concurrent serious bacterial infections in 2396 infants and children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections. | at driscoll children's hospital (corpus christi, tex), we observed that most infants and children hospitalized for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and/or pneumonia received broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics despite having typical rsv signs and symptoms and positive rsv-rapid-antigen tests on admission. physicians were concerned about the possibility of concurrent serious bacterial infections, especially in infants younger than 3 months and in those with infiltra ... | 2002 | 11929363 |
| illness severity, viral shedding, and antibody responses in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. | the relationships between host factors, viral shedding, illness severity, and antibody response in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis are poorly defined. these relationships were prospectively evaluated in 77 infants hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis in multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of rsv immunoglobulin therapy. severity of illness was influenced by age and host risk factors but was not influenced by rsv neutralizing antibody titer or by the amount ... | 2002 | 11930309 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural (ns) proteins as host range determinants: a chimeric bovine rsv with ns genes from human rsv is attenuated in interferon-competent bovine cells. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) escapes from cellular responses to alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) by a concerted action of the two viral nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2. here we show that the ns proteins of human rsv (hrsv) are also able to counteract ifn responses and that they have the capacity to protect replication of an unrelated rhabdovirus. even combinations of brsv and hrsv ns proteins showed a protective activity, suggesting common mechanisms and cellular targets o ... | 2002 | 11932394 |
| nk t cells contribute to expansion of cd8(+) t cells and amplification of antiviral immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus. | cd1d-deficient mice have normal numbers of t lymphocytes and natural killer cells but lack valpha14(+) natural killer t cells. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immunopathogenesis was evaluated in 129xc57bl/6, c57bl/6, and balb/c cd1d(-/-) mice. cd8(+) t lymphocytes were reduced in cd1d(-/-) mice of all strains, as shown by cell surface staining and major histocompatibility complex class i tetramer analysis, and resulted in strain-specific alterations in illness, viral clearance, and gamma inter ... | 2002 | 11932395 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and chlamydia are not detectable by pcr in ongoing vernal keratoconjunctivitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and chlamydial infection may be pathogenetic factors in allergic diseases, perhaps also in ocular allergy. we analyzed the presence of rsv and chlamydial nucleic acids using reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and pcr, respectively, in conjunctival biopsies from patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (vkc) in order to determine whether these agents play a role in the maintenance of the disease. all biopsy samples were negative for both rsv (n = 15 for vkc and n = ... | 2001 | 11935435 |
| respiratory syncytial virus enhances the expression of cd11b molecules and the generation of superoxide anion by human eosinophils primed with platelet-activating factor. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and early childhood causes acute bronchiolitis and exacerbates bronchial asthma. eosinophil infiltration may contribute to airway obstruction in rsv infection. | 2002 | 11937770 |
| burden of respiratory syncytial viral infections on paediatric hospitals: a two-year prospective epidemiological study. | this study was designed to prospectively investigate the hospitalisation patterns for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in children up to 2 years of age, both healthy full-term children and high-risk children. the aim was to evaluate children hospitalised for a respiratory tract infection in four regions and seven paediatric hospital departments or clinics in greece and to estimate the burden of rsv disease on paediatric hospital beds, as well as to determine the target high-risk age gro ... | 2002 | 11939389 |
| influence of respiratory syncytial virus infection on cytokine and inflammatory responses in allergic mice. | th2 lymphocyte responses are associated with inflammation and disease during allergic responses. exposure to particular environmental factors during the expression of allergy could result in more pronounced th2-like immune responses and more severe disease. one factor might be a respiratory virus infection. | 2002 | 11940079 |
| leukotrienes mediate neurogenic inflammation in lungs of young rats infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection potentiates neurogenic inflammation in rat airways. because some vascular effects of sensory nerves are mediated by cysteinyl leukotrienes (cyslts), we studied whether the receptor antagonist montelukast inhibits neurogenic plasma extravasation in rsv-infected rats. pathogen-free rats were inoculated at 2 wk (weanlings) or 12 wk (adults) of age with rsv or virus-free medium and treated with montelukast or its vehicle starting 1 day before inoculation. ... | 2002 | 11943681 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children at srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand. | we investigated the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in children under 5 admitted to srinagarind hospital. the causative bacteria and viruses were determined by hemoculture and viral isolation from blood and nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and chlamydia trachomatis were detected using eia. the 74 children less than 5 years of age with alri enrolled in our study were diagnosed with pneumonia (75.7%), croup (16.2%), and bronchiolit ... | 2001 | 11944709 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: disease severity, interleukin-8, and virus genotype. | in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we investigated whether disease severity is associated with the genotype of the infecting virus, or with the infant's immunological response to the infection, as determined by measurement of interleukin-8 mrna in the nasopharyngeal aspirate. this was a cross-sectional observational study, performed in the accident and emergency department, wards, and intensive care unit of a large pediatric hospital. participants included 276 infan ... | 2002 | 11948978 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia associated with primary epstein-barr virus infection. | this is a case report of a child with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia and concurrent infection with epstein-barr virus. we hypothesize that immunosuppression due to ebv may have contributed to the severity of his rsv infection. the diagnosis of rsv infection was facilitated by bronchoalveolar lavage. | 2002 | 11948986 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal aspirate and nasal swab specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in different settings in a developing country. | to compare detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for diagnostic purposes using nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) and nasal swabs (ns) in different clinical settings in a community study in guinea-bissau. | 2002 | 11952947 |
| [pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]. | to observe the dynamics of pulmonary function in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2002 | 11953156 |
| high and selective expression of yeast cytosine deaminase under a carcinoembryonic antigen promoter-enhancer. | yeast cytosine deaminase (ycd)-based gene therapy offers the potential for selective production of the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing drug 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) from the benign prodrug 5-fluorocytosine within colorectal cancers. although previous attempts to target therapy to colorectal cancer using the carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) promoter have demonstrated specificity, this has been achieved at the cost of 10- to 300-fold loss in activity compared with strong but nonspecific rous sarcoma vir ... | 2002 | 11956093 |
| release of cytokines by human nasal epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae. | mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infection is associated with asthma exacerbation in children. we hypothesized that mp infection may cause airway inflammation by inducing the release of cytokines by respiratory epithelial cells. the levels of chemokines interleukin-8 (il-8) and released upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) released by nasal epithelial cell (nec) cultures established from asthmatic and nonasthmatic children were measured by elisa at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr after ... | 2002 | 11976403 |
| 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase plays a critical role in interferon-gamma inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection of human epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), associated with bronchiolitis and asthma, is resistant to the antiviral effects of type-i interferons (ifn), but not ifn-gamma. however, the antiviral mechanism of ifn-gamma action against rsv infection is unknown. the molecular mechanism of ifn-gamma-induced antiviral activity was examined in this study using human epithelial cell lines hep-2 and a549. exposure of these cells to 100-1000 units/ml of ifn-gamma, either before or after rsv infection, results in a ... | 2002 | 11980899 |
| performance characteristics of vidas and directigen respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen detection assays and culture for the identification of rsv in respiratory specimens. | in a comparison of the directigen and vidas respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection assays with viral culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and testing efficiency were 86, 93.1, 82.7, 94.6, and 91.2% for directigen; 96.1, 90.8, 80.3, 98.3, and 92.3% for vidas; and 88.2, 100, 100, 95.7, and 96.8% for viral culture, respectively. | 2002 | 11980966 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features, management, and prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children by two years of age, resulting in a large number of hospital admissions in infants. reactive airway disease is more common after rsv infection, even in previously healthy children. management of the acute infection is supportive, but preliminary evidence suggests surfactant administration to ventilated infants may be of benefit. whether ribavirin or corticosteroids reduce respiratory morbidity after rsv infection remains controversial ... | 2002 | 11981311 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in high-risk infants by monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen which causes serious respiratory illness in infants and children worldwide. palivizumab (synagis) is an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody administered intramuscularly for the prevention of severe rsv respiratory disease in high-risk infants and young children. the impact-rsv trial, the pivotal multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial performed in the usa, canada and the united kingdom demonstrated an overall 55% reduction in hospita ... | 2002 | 11982888 |
| sensitive detection and quantitation of mouse eosinophils in tissues using an enzymatic eosinophil peroxidase assay: its use to rapidly measure pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of mice. | eosinophils are granular proinflammatory leukocytes implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory processes including allergy, asthma, and in the development of enhanced disease during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. here, we adapted a colorimetric assay to measure eosinophil peroxidase (epo) activity in inflamed mouse lung tissue in order to quantitate pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental rsv infection. using the substrate o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (opd) in ... | 2002 | 11983224 |
| multiplex assay for detection of strain-specific antibodies against the two variable regions of the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | the role of strain differences in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease has not been clearly defined. to investigate the possibility that strain differences contribute to susceptibility to repeat infections, we developed assays to detect antibodies to the two variable regions of the rsv g protein by cloning and expressing the internal variable region at amino acids (aa) 60 to 172 (g1) and the carboxy-terminal variable region at aa 193 to the carboxy terminus (g2) from different genotypes of ... | 2002 | 11986272 |
| association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major pathogen responsible for acute bronchiolitis in infancy. however, evaluation of the relative importance of rhinovirus or multiple viral infections has been hampered by the lack of sensitive diagnostic methodologies. therefore, in this study we used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for 11 respiratory pathogens to assess the etiology in infants with acute bronchiolitis and correlate it with clinical characteristics of the disease. v ... | 2002 | 11991880 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology. | gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease requires efficient gene transfer to airway epithelial cells after intralumenal delivery. most gene transfer vectors so far tested have not provided the efficiency required. although human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a common respiratory virus, is known to infect the respiratory epithelium, the mechanism of infection and the epithelial cell type targeted by rsv have not been determined. we have utilized human primary airway epithelial cell ... | 2002 | 11991994 |
| peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants hospitalized because of respiratory syncytial virus infection express t helper-1 and t helper-2 cytokines and cc chemokine messenger rna. | the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was examined in infants aged 1-21 months who were hospitalized because of rsv infection or non-rsv-related illness. rsv- or control-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined to determine rsv-specific intracellular t helper-1 (th1) and t helper- 2 (th2) cytokine expression, chemokine messenger rna (mrna) expression, and cell surface markers. patients hospitalized because of rsv infection had increased nu ... | 2002 | 11992272 |
| respiratory syncytial virus may be a pathogen in allergic conjunctivitis. | the host response to allergens appears to be regulated by t helper type 2 cell patterns of local cytokine production. we hypothesized that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects the normal conjunctival epithelium and produces interleukin (il)-4, causing a local allergic reaction. | 2002 | 11995809 |
| an update on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology: a developed country perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide, and an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. the infections caused by rsv are seasonal, peaking predictably in the winter months in temperate climates, and in the hottest months and the rainy season in tropical climates. the involvement of the lower respiratory tract, manifest clinically as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, is the hallmark of sever ... | 2002 | 11996399 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis--the story so far. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common and highly contagious pathogen that infects nearly all children by the age of 2 years. it is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide among certain high-risk paediatric populations. therapy is sub-optimal for rsv, thus treatment focuses on ameliorating symptoms. since discovery of the virus in the 1950s, efforts have been ongoing to develop a safe and effective vaccine. these efforts have met with serious obstacles. passive immun ... | 2002 | 11996400 |
| the association between respiratory syncytial virus infection and reactive airway disease. | evidence has been accumulating that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants may be linked to subsequent development of reactive airway disease (rad) in childhood, and therefore research into the prevention of rsv lrti may have important implications for the prevention of rad. this article reviews the epidemiological evidence linking rsvand rad and some ofthe theories concerning cellular and molecular mechanisms of post-viral airway inflammation in or ... | 2002 | 11996401 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality in children, especially in young children. underlying conditions including prematurity with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, immunosuppression or another underlying respiratory condition, such as cystic fibrosis, increase the risk of contracting and developing severe rsv disease. environmental factors such as crowding, day-care attendance, and exposure to passi ... | 2002 | 11996403 |
| the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus disease in childhood. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infection in infants and children. rsv is an rna virus whose genome encodes 10 proteins. the g protein is responsible for viral attachment to cells whilst the f protein promotes syncytia formation. these proteins are also important in the immune response to rsv. both the innate and adaptive arms of the cellular immune system are involved in the immunological response to rsv. the cytopathic effects of the virus explain man ... | 2002 | 11997296 |
| viruses in asthma. | current evidence suggests that the overall load of infectious agents, including respiratory viruses, encountered early in life is an important factor influencing maturation of the immune system from a type 2 bias at birth towards predominantly type 1 responses, thus avoiding atopic diseases. the 'hygiene hypothesis' proposes that the relatively sterile environment present in industrialised western countries has contributed to the recent epidemic of asthma and atopy. whether specific infections a ... | 2002 | 11997297 |
| altered eosinophil levels as a result of viral infection in asthma exacerbation in childhood. | respiratory viral infection is known to be a significant cause of asthma exacerbation. eosinophils have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. to determine how often asthma exacerbation is caused by virus infections and to examine the relationship between eosinophilia and asthma episode, we investigated 64 children who experienced asthma attacks between october 1999 and march 2000. we used rapid enzyme immunoassays to detect antigens ... | 2002 | 12000498 |
| a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone in severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: effects on rsv quantity and clinical outcome. | forty-one previously healthy children <2 years of age who required mechanical ventilation for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were randomized to receive dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; n=22) or saline placebo (n=19) intravenously every 12 h for 4 days. rsv quantity was measured by quantitative plaque assay in fresh tracheal and nasal aspirates obtained at intervals of 24+/-3 h on days 0, 1, 2, 5, and 7 following entry. analysis by linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated a significantly ... | 2002 | 12001038 |
| cytokines in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of severe lung disease in infants, and increasing evidence suggests that it is immunologically mediated. experiments in mice suggest that this may be due to differential t-cell activation producing either type 1 or type 2 cytokines. we investigated this hypothesis in man by studying 24 infants ventilated with severe rsv bronchiolitis and by measuring messenger rna (mrna) for interleukin-4 (il-4) and interfe ... | 2002 | 12001278 |
| prediction of duration of hospitalization in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | identification of variables that predict duration of rsv-associated hospitalization may be useful in the identification of preventive and therapeutic strategies. a recently published prediction model (michigan model) for the duration of hospitalization in rsv infection demonstrated good discrimination between children with and without an increased likelihood of a hospital stay >or= 7 days, based on variables such as log weight, congenital heart disease, failure to thrive, premature birth, bronch ... | 2002 | 12001279 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in italian infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections, and association between respiratory syncytial virus infection risk factors and disease severity. | this study was designed to collect data on the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in italy in infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections, and to evaluate which of the recognized risk factors might be associated with disease severity. thirty-two centers throughout italy participated in the study. over a 6-month period (november 1,1999 to april 30, 2000), we evaluated all children < 2 years of age hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections. all subj ... | 2002 | 12001280 |
| progressive epitope-blocked panning of a phage library for isolation of human rsv antibodies. | epitope-blocked panning is an approach to mining antigen-specific diversity from phage display antibody libraries. previously, we developed and used this method to recover a neutralizing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by blocking a dominant response to a nonneutralizing epitope on a recombinant derivative of the viral f antigen. we have extended this approach to the blocking of multiple epitopes simultaneously, which led to the recovery of new antibodies of different specificity, ... | 2002 | 12009209 |
| coronavirus-related nosocomial viral respiratory infections in a neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study. | the incidence of nosocomial viral respiratory infections (nvri) in neonates and children hospitalized in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units (pnicu) is unknown. human coronaviruses (hcov) have been implicated in nvri in hospitalized preterm neonates. the objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of hcov-related nvri in neonates and children hospitalized in a pnicu and the prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in staff. all neonates (age< or =28 days) and childr ... | 2002 | 12009822 |
| respiratory syncytial virus with the fusion protein as its only viral glycoprotein is less dependent on cellular glycosaminoglycans for attachment than complete virus. | cell surface glycosaminoglycans (gags) are responsible for the majority of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment to cultured cells leading to infection. the viral glycoprotein g binds to gags and was thought to be the viral attachment protein, but more recently virus lacking the g protein was shown to be infectious in cell culture. we have compared the gag dependence of a recombinant, green fluorescent protein-expressing virus containing the f protein as its only viral glycoprotein (rgrsv ... | 2002 | 12009871 |
| perflubron reduces lung inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection by inhibiting chemokine expression and nuclear factor-kappa b activation. | airway mucosa inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the major etiologic agent of bronchiolitis in infancy. type and intensity of cellular infiltration are dictated by inflammatory chemokines, which are rapidly and abundantly induced in lung tissue by rsv. this process is, to a large extent, transcriptionally regulated by rsv-mediated activation of the nuclear factor-kappa b. the administration of ... | 2002 | 12016108 |
| the central conserved cystine noose of the attachment g protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is not required for efficient viral infection in vitro or in vivo. | the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was identified previously as the viral attachment protein. although we and others recently showed that g is not essential for replication in vitro, it does affect the efficiency of replication in a cell type-dependent fashion and is required for efficient replication in vivo. the ectodomain of g is composed of two heavily glycosylated domains with mucin-like characteristics that are separated by a short central region that is relative ... | 2002 | 12021350 |
| subcellular localization and integration activities of rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase. | reverse transcriptases (rts) alphabeta and beta from avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) harbor an integrase domain which is absent in nonavian retroviral rts. rsv integrase contains a nuclear localization signal which enables the enzyme to enter the nucleus of the cell in order to perform integration of the proviral dna into the host genome. in the present study we analyzed the subcellular localization of rsv rt, since previous results indicated that rsv finishes synthesis of the proviral dna in the ... | 2002 | 12021354 |
| optimum dosage regimen of palivizumab? | palivizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody used to protect at-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the regular dosage scheme causes a low initial trough level and accumulation of the antibody after subsequent injections. using a simple pharmacokinetic model, the authors devised an alternative dosage regimen that might correct these problems while cutting costs by 35%. to spare health care budgets, dosage schemes for future monoclonal antibodies must be chosen ca ... | 2002 | 12021640 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreak in the nicu: description of eight cases. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized as a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards. because of maternally acquired antibodies, symptomatic rsv infection is rare in term neonates. during an outbreak of rsv in our neonatal icu, 12 infants (gestational age = 34 +/- 5 weeks) remained rsv negative. in contrast, eight preterm infants (gestational age = 28 +/- 2 weeks) became rsv positive. four infants became very sick with rsv and required mechanical ventilation and support. acute r ... | 2002 | 12022427 |
| a hypothesis: antenatal sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus in viral bronchiolitis. | aim: to investigate the possibility of antenatal sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2002 | 12023178 |
| rantes may be predictive of later recurrent wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants. | in vitro studies have shown that rantes is strongly induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in cultures of upper airway epithelial cells. rantes is known as a chemoattractant and activator for eosinophils. | 2002 | 12027066 |
| immunological mechanisms of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis resulting in respiratory insufficiency is frequently encountered during the winter season in paediatric intensive care units. this review evaluates potential determinants described in severe rsv bronchiolitis with special attention to the role of immaturity of immune responses during infancy. pre-existent cardiac or pulmonary compromises have been documented as clinical risk factors for severe rsv bronchiolitis. in addition to this group of infants ... | 2002 | 12029411 |
| surfactant protein d gene polymorphism associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major respiratory tract pathogen in infancy. host-related differences in susceptibility to severe rsv infection suggest that genetic factors may play a role. in this study, a candidate-gene approach was used to study whether the surfactant protein d (sp-d) gene polymorphism associates with severe rsv infection. dna samples from 84 infants hospitalized for the treatment of rsv bronchiolitis and 93 healthy controls were analyzed. the controls were matched w ... | 2002 | 12032263 |
| rsv-induced immunopathology: dynamic interplay between the virus and host immune response. | | 2002 | 12033778 |
| dda adjuvant induces a mixed th1/th2 immune response when associated with bbg2na, a respiratory syncytial virus potential vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is one of the most common causes of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly. previous attempts to vaccinate children against rsv failed and the induction of an aberrant th2-type immune response was shown to induce severe to fatal pulmonary disease characterised in part by eosinophilia. bbg2na is a promising human rsv subunit vaccine candidate which successfully passed phase ii clinical trials in adults in association with adju-phos((r)). however, ... | 2002 | 12034101 |
| modelling the structure of the fusion protein from human respiratory syncytial virus. | the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-f) is responsible for fusion of virion with host cells and infection of neighbouring cells through the formation of syncytia. a three-dimensional model structure of rsv-f was derived by homology modelling from the structure of the equivalent protein in newcastle disease virus (ndv). despite very low sequence homology between the two structures, most features of the model appear to have high credibility, although a few small regions in rsv-f ... | 2002 | 12034856 |
| suppression of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ovalbumin sensitisation and rsv infection with y-27632, a rho kinase inhibitor. | smooth muscle contraction is one of the hallmarks of asthma. a recently developed pyridine derivative, y-27632, a selective rho kinase inhibitor, has been reported to inhibit the smooth muscle contraction of human and animal trachea in ex vivo systems but its effect in animal models of airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) has not been examined. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of y-27632 in a murine model of allergic and virally induced ahr. | 2002 | 12037228 |
| winter viruses: influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-related morbidity in chronic lung disease. | chronic lung disease predisposes to serious consequences of respiratory viruses. while increasing influenza immunization rates in older adults signals an awareness of the impact of influenza, children with asthma are infrequently immunized. while respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is recognized as an important target of vaccine development for infants, its impact on adults is underappreciated. | 2002 | 12038940 |
| gene therapy for prostate cancer delivered by ovine adenovirus and mediated by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and fludarabine in mouse models. | a gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (gdept) based on purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp), that converts the prodrug, fludarabine to 2-fluoroadenine, has been described, but studies are limited compared with other gdepts. we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of pnp-gdept for treating androgen-independent (ai) prostate cancer. the pnp gene controlled by rous sarcoma virus (rsv) constitutive promoter was delivered using a recombinant ovine adenovirus vector (oadv220) that uses ... | 2002 | 12040457 |
| [study of the effect of antiviral drugs on the reproduction of the respiratory syncytial virus by enzyme immunoassay]. | a test system based on eia was developed for evaluating the efficiency of drugs active towards the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cell culture. virasole and its structural analog ribamedii active towards rsv infection and arbidol whose activity in rsv infection is unknown were tested. like virasole and ribamedil, arbidol inhibited the expression of rsv antigens, the inhibitory effect increasing with the drug concentration and decreased with increase of the multiplicity of virus infection. ... | 2002 | 12046469 |
| antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk, infant formula, and bovine milk. | lipids previously shown to have antiviral and antibacterial activity in buffers were added to human milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas to determine whether increased protection from infection could be provided to infants as part of their diet. fatty acids and monoglycerides with chain lengths varying from 8 to 12 carbons were found to be more strongly antiviral and antibacterial when added to milk and formula than long chain monoglycerides. lipids added to milk and formula inactivated a numb ... | 1995 | 12049996 |