| [alveolitis and pneumocystis carinii infection in a worker exposed to plaster]. | | 1995 | 7569212 |
| epidemic aids-related kaposi's sarcoma in southern africa: experience at the johannesburg general hospital (1980-1990). | epidemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related kaposi's sarcoma (aks) in tropical and southern africa is a highly varied neoplastic disease, characterized by multifocal mucocutaneous, lymphatic and visceral involvement. it follows a clinical course similar to aks in europe and the usa. however, lack of adequate medical facilities in many african countries hampers successful palliation of this fatal disease. in this retrospective analysis, we summarize our experience with 52 patients with a ... | 1994 | 7570833 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating methotrexate treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. | the etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis, a chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease, is poorly understood. treatment with oral methotrexate may improve patient symptoms, liver biochemistry, and hepatic histology. this report describes a severe life-threatening complication of methotrexate therapy in primary sclerosing cholangitis--the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the reported cases of methotrexate-associated p. carinii pneumonia in the literature are reviewed. with ... | 1995 | 7572917 |
| new semisynthetic pneumocandins with improved efficacies against pneumocystis carinii in the rat. | a new series of semisynthetic, water-soluble pneumocandin analogs has been found to be extremely potent against pneumocystis carinii in an immunocompromised-rat model. these compounds are 5 to 10 times more potent than the parent natural product, pneumocandin b0 (l-688,786) (r. e. schwartz et al., j. antibiot. 45:1853-1866, 1992), and > 100 times more potent than cilofungin. one compound in particular, l-733,560, had a 90% effective dose against p. carinii cysts of 0.01 mg/kg of body weight when ... | 1995 | 7574523 |
| effects of aerosolized pentamidine on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in hiv-positive patients: a controlled study. | intravenous pentamidine induces hypo- and hyperglycaemia (dose-dependent toxicity on islet beta cells), pancreatitis and nephrotoxicity. conversely, aerosolized pentamidine (ap) is usually devoid of systemic side-effects: few reports of hypo- or hyperglycaemia have been published. our study aimed to assess the influence on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion of long-term exposure to ap used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-positive patients, and to compare the impac ... | 1995 | 7576325 |
| in-patient care for symptomatic, hiv-infected persons: a longitudinal study of hospitalizations, in-patient drug use, and related costs. | patterns in the costs of hospital in-patient care and in-patient drug treatment of 121 symptomatic, hiv-infected patients are described for a university hospital between 1987 and 1991. trend analyses have been performed on quarterly and yearly data using parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. during the 5-year study period the demand for hospital beds almost quadrupled despite a constant number of admissions per person-year and a 40% decrease in the average length of stay. the dem ... | 1995 | 7578308 |
| factors associated with the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 5,025 european patients with aids. aids in europe study group. | this study examined the factors associated with the development of a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 5,025 patients with aids, including 1,976 patients with primary pcp at the time of aids diagnosis and 635 with primary pcp occurring subsequently. compared with untreated patients, patients treated with zidovudine were at similar risk of developing pcp during the first year of therapy but were at greater risk after longer intervals of treatment. the following factors were ... | 1995 | 7578718 |
| empiric diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. questions of accuracy and equity. | | 1995 | 7582273 |
| relationship between procedures and health insurance for critically ill patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the objective of the present study was to assess the association between type of health insurance coverage and use of diagnostic tests and therapies among patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). fifty-six private, public, and community hospitals in chicago, los angeles, and miami were selected for the study, and the charts of 890 patients with empirically treated or cytologically confirmed pcp, hospitalized during 1987 to 1990 were retrospectively reviewed. patients were ... | 1995 | 7582274 |
| gro alpha and interleukin-8 in pneumocystis carinii or bacterial pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) are the predominant inflammatory cells recruited in acute lung injury. this study compares the concentration of interleukin-8 (il-8) to those of gro alpha, both of which are cxc chemokines, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in three acute pathologic states: bacterial pneumonia (bpn); adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards); and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). levels of both il-8 and gro alpha were below 5 pg/ml in 16 nonsmoking volunteers who serv ... | 1995 | 7582292 |
| recent trends in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as aids-defining disease in nine european countries. | | 1995 | 7583447 |
| ige levels in pediatric hiv-1 infection. | atopic symptoms such as sinusitis, eczema, and wheezing are common in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children. | 1995 | 7583848 |
| multi-gene family of major surface glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii: full-size cdna cloning and expression. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii plays a crucial role in the fatal pneumonia caused by this organism in aids patients. a cdna encoding a full-length msg polypeptide was isolated from a lambda library of rat-derived p. carinii cdnas. the deduced msg, referred to as the msg5 subtype, is a 120,765-da protein composed of 1,076 amino acids and contains an anchoring hydrophobic sequence at the c-terminus of the protein. sequence analyses of cloned msg-cdnas revealed an msg- ... | 1994 | 7584029 |
| isoform diversity and tandem duplication of the glycoprotein a gene in ferret pneumocystis carinii. | two ferret p. carinii gpa cdna clones were identified that reacted identically with a panel of anti-gpa monoclonal antibodies, although their nucleotide sequences were 22% divergent. each clone hybridized to a single mrna species of 3,600 nucleotides only in p. carinii-infected lung mrna, but rt-pcr analysis demonstrated that these cdna clones were derived from two distinct gpa mrna transcripts. further pcr analysis demonstrated that the ferret p. carinii genome contains at least two gpa genes l ... | 1995 | 7584051 |
| an inductive algorithm approach to knowledge acquisition for expert system development. a pilot study. | knowledge acquisition, which consists of knowledge elicitation and knowledge representation, often is considered the weakest link in the design of expert systems. systems frequently are built on the knowledge of one expert and require extensive use of knowledge engineering techniques to elicit this knowledge from the expert. inductive algorithms are a potential alternative method of knowledge acquisition for expert system development. the aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of ... | 1995 | 7585305 |
| acute lung disease in the immunocompromised host. diagnostic accuracy of the chest radiograph. | to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the chest radiograph in the evaluation of acute pulmonary complications in immunocompromised patients. | 1995 | 7587430 |
| atovaquone. a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in opportunistic infections. | atovaquone has been investigated as an alternative agent for oral use in the treatment of both mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmosis, opportunistic infections commonly experienced by patients with aids. in patients with mild to moderate pcp, a dosage of 750mg 3 times daily (administered in tablet form) has similar overall therapeutic efficacy (defined as clinical response without a treatment-limiting adverse event) to the conventional therapies oral cotrimoxazol ... | 1995 | 7588086 |
| combined autoimmune cytopenias. | autoimmune neutropenia (ain) can occur in association with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (aiha) and/or immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp), although these associations have not been studied in detail. | 1995 | 7590498 |
| an appraisal of thoracic procedures performed in patients with hiv-positive serology. | patients who have contracted the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) often require a diagnostic or therapeutic thoracic procedure. to determine the clinical benefits of a noncardiac pulmonary intervention in the treatment of hiv-positive individuals, 82 patients with hiv-positive serology who underwent a thoracic procedure for illnesses related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) between 1987 and 1990 were reviewed. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most common opportunistic infecti ... | 1995 | 7593145 |
| therapeutic progress. iv: treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | co-trimoxazole presently remains the first choice for prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infections. the high incidence of adverse reactions experienced by patients taking co-trimoxazole has led to a number of trials comparing it with other antipneumocystis agents. adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids may benefit patients with severe p. carinii pneumonia. this paper reviews the standard treatments for p. carinii pneumonia, some of the newer agents such as atovaquone, recently lic ... | 1995 | 7593374 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients by using polymerase chain reactions on serum specimens. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that amplifies the internal transcribed spacers of rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii (pc-its-pcr) was compared with dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene pcr to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. all specimens from non-p. carinii pneumonia aids patients were both pc-its-pcr- and dhfr pcr-negative. twenty-six (96%) of 27 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from p. carinii pneumonia patients were pc-its-pcr-positive, and all 2 ... | 1995 | 7594732 |
| [a case of aids patient who was hard to diagnose from an initial symptom of interstitial pneumonitis]. | a thirty-six year old male was admitted to the hospital because of fever and dyspnea. on the eighth day the patient turned out to be hiv positive. although aggressive therapy was performed, the patient died of hiv related disease such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and cmv infection which led to multiple organ failure seventeen days after admission. we reported a case of aids patient who was hard to diagnose from an initial symptom of interstitial pneumonitis. | 1995 | 7594792 |
| surfactant protein binding to pneumocystis carinii organisms. | | 1995 | 7595024 |
| surfactant protein-d modulates interaction of pneumocystis carinii with alveolar macrophages. | | 1995 | 7595025 |
| interleukin-8 and eicosanoid production in the lung during moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: a role of interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of p. carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) may cause severe respiratory distress. this is believed to be partly caused by the accumulation of neutrophils in the lung. interleukin-8 (il-8) and leukotriene b4 (ltb4) are potent neutrophil chemo-attractants and activators. eicosanoids [i.e. prostaglandins (pg) and leukotrienes (lt)] are pro-inflammatory mediators released from arachidonic acid by action of phospholipase a2 (pla2) and have been implicated in the host response to micro-organisms. bronchoalv ... | 1995 | 7597268 |
| intensive care for patients with aids: clinical and ethical issues. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains a common and morbid infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). most patients who die of pcp do so because of respiratory failure. the survival after intubation and mechanical ventilation for pcp and respiratory failure has gone through three eras: era i (1981-85), when the survival rate to hospital discharge was about 10%; era ii (1986-88), when the hospital survival rate rose to about 40%; and era iii (1989-present), ... | 1995 | 7597398 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants with vertically acquired hiv infection in switzerland]. | review of incidence, clinical picture, therapy, and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in infants with vertically-acquired hiv infection in switzerland. | 1995 | 7597404 |
| recovery of pseudomonas aeruginosa in respiratory specimens from hiv positive patients being evaluated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | despite the immune suppression, frequent hospital admissions, and many intercurrent illnesses associated with hiv infection, pseudomonas aeruginosa has been cited relatively infrequently as a respiratory pathogen in hiv positive patients. | 1995 | 7597670 |
| twice-weekly maintenance therapy with sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine to prevent recurrent toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids. spanish toxoplasmosis study group. | to evaluate the efficacy of twice-weekly maintenance therapy with sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine to prevent toxoplasmic encephalitis relapse in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1995 | 7598298 |
| antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation. | to review the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation. | 1995 | 7598303 |
| dapsone acetylation by human liver arylamine n-acetyltransferases and interaction with antiopportunistic infection drugs. | dapsone is used in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, an opportunistic infection that afflicts acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients. inhibition of n-acetyltransferase (nat)-dependent acetylation of dapsone could increase peak plasma concentrations of dapsone and shift the biotransformation pathway to the p450-mediated formation of a toxic metabolite of dapsone, the hydroxylamine. therefore, we have determined using human liver cytosol and bacterially expressed nats, t ... | 1995 | 7600914 |
| staging system for clinical aids patients. royal free/chelsea and westminster hospitals collaborative group. | although there are wide differences in prognosis between patients with aids they are often thought of as a single homogeneous group. we think a simple staging system that accounts for important prognostic factors including type and number of aids diseases and the cd4 lymphocyte count is required. we followed 363 aids patients at the royal free hospital and reported the occurrence of 680 aids-defining diseases (adds). we measured cd4 counts at approximately monthly intervals. severity of aids dis ... | 1995 | 7603137 |
| hyperferritinemia in reactive hemophagocytic syndrome report of four adult cases. | four patients were diagnosed with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (rhps) during a 7 month period. of these, three patients were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by disseminated mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, incompletely treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated histoplasmosis respectively. the fourth patient had non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the mature t-cell phenotype. fever, bicytopenia, or pancytopenia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) ... | 1995 | 7604819 |
| the role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in hiv-infected patients. | pulmonary disease is the most common reason for presentation and the major cause of death in hiv-infected patients. there has been an evolution in the optimal approach to the investigation of a pulmonary infiltrate in hiv-infected patients since the introduction of induced sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1995 | 7605295 |
| severe accidental dapsone overdose. | acute poisoning from excessive dapsone (4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone) intake in uncommon in the united states; no cases were reported during 1992. however, with the increasing use of dapsone for diseases other than leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis, such as acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, clinicians should be aware of potential toxicities. this report describes a case of accidental dapsone intoxication resulting in se ... | 1995 | 7605525 |
| sequence-dependent drug binding to the minor groove of dna: crystal structure of the dna dodecamer d(cgcaaatttgcg)2 complexed with propamidine. | the dna-binding ligand propamidine, an analogue of the drug pentamidine which is used in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-associated pneumocystis carinii, has been cocrystallized with the dna sequence d(cgcaaatttgcg)2, and the crystal structure of the complex has been determined using data from 8 to 2.2 a resolution. the r factor converged to 15.5% with the inclusion of 73 water molecules. the structure shows binding of the propamidine molecule within the at tract of t ... | 1995 | 7608897 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction technique on induced-sputum samples for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. a clinical and cost-analysis study. | the purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on induced sputum (is) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients, as well as its diagnostic value and cost as a routine clinical tool. forty-nine patients with suspected pcp who had is were studied and if negative, followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). pneumocystis carinii was detected in these samples using standard staining techniques. poly ... | 1995 | 7611187 |
| trophozoite-to-cyst ratio increases during recovery from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. | pneumocystis carinii has two developmental stages: the trophozoite and the cyst. the differential specificity of monoclonal antibodies smoab (cysts only) and cmoab (cysts and trophozoites) was used to analyse the trophozoite-to-cyst (t: c) ratio during recovery from p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a dexamethasone model in wistar rats. in tissue homogenates the cysts decreased from week 0 to week 4 (4.10 +/- 1.57 10(6)/g vs 0.069 +/- 0.021 10(6)/g, p < 0.001), whereas the trophozoites decreased muc ... | 1995 | 7612261 |
| pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised patient. | pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. these patients are susceptible to a wide variety of organisms, but specific infections tend to occur in well defined settings. the type of infection can be predicted based on the nature and severity of the immune defect, past patient exposures, chemotherapy given, radiographic presentation, and acuteness of illness. new treatments, including growth factors, the oral antifungal agents, and antiviral ... | 1995 | 7612759 |
| hiv positive patients first presenting with an aids defining illness: characteristics and survival. | to study the presentation and survival of patients who present with their first diagnosis of being hiv positive at the same time as their aids defining illness. | 1995 | 7613426 |
| pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii in blood cells. | | 1995 | 7615775 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and the skin: selected controversies. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was first recognized as a new disease in 1981 because of the unusual association of kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in young men. the skin remains one of the most important clinical markers for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, now recognized as the end stage of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). indeed, an urticarial viral exanthem appearing during seroconversion may allow early identification of newly infected individ ... | 1995 | 7615989 |
| [disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection: clinico-pathologic findings in an aids patient]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequent cause of death in aids patients. systemic diffusion of this microorganism is a rare event, mostly reported in patients receiving prophylactic aerosol therapy. the case here described is relative to a 29 years old man with aids, dead short by after hospital admission. radiological and ecoscan examinations revealed structural subversion of liver and spleen, with frequent parenchymal calcification. post mortem histological examination of lun ... | 1994 | 7617399 |
| [high-resolution ct findings of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | high resolution ct (hrct) was performed on 7 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). six cases were proven bacteriologically by bronchoalveolar lavage; one case was proven by autopsy. three patients were re-scanned after specific treatment and symptomatic relief. all the ct scans were abnormal, usually showing bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacity, through which the pulmonary vessels remained visible. chest x-ray, on the other hand, showed a normal pattern in one patient. other chan ... | 1995 | 7617461 |
| racial differences in care among hospitalized patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in chicago, new york, los angeles, miami, and raleigh-durham. | while strategies for medical care for human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are well established, racial variations in care have not been evaluated. | 1995 | 7618980 |
| physicians' ability to provide initial primary care to an hiv-infected patient. | primary care physicians are providing care for an increasing number of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this study assesses the ability of primary care physicians to provide initial care for a patient with recently diagnosed hiv infection. | 1995 | 7618984 |
| an epidemiologic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex disease in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | cofactors associated with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease and its prognosis in incident cases of aids in homosexuals were studied. we compared 51 men in whom mac disease developed as the initial aids-defining illness (termed aids illness hereafter); 157 men who had mac disease subsequent to another aids illness; and 884 men who had only non-mac aids illnesses. mac disease was the initially diagnosed aids illness more often in baltimore (6.9%) and los angeles (5.6%) than in chicago ... | 1995 | 7620006 |
| fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii lymphadenitis in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient. | extrapulmonary pneumocystitis carinii is an uncommon and probably underdiagnosed complication of pulmonary p. carinii infections. we report the cytologic diagnosis of a case of p. carinii lymphadenitis which presented, without concurrent or historical pneumonitis, in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patient who was taking aerosolized pentamidine. the diagnosis was suggested by abundant granular exudate on the cell block. only scant, fragmented, irregular-shaped granular exudate was ... | 1995 | 7621721 |
| limited persistence in and subsequent elimination of pneumocystis carinii from the lungs after p. carinii pneumonia. | the purpose of this study was to determine the period of persistence of pneumocystis carinii in the lungs after p. carinii pneumonitis (pcp). after primary pcp was induced with dexamethasone, experimental rats were moved to a high-efficiency particulate air-filtered isolator to prevent further exposure to environmental p. carinii and allowed to recover. at intervals thereafter, sample groups were transferred to a second isolator and reimmunosuppressed with dexamethasone to provoke pcp if p. cari ... | 1995 | 7622894 |
| a pilot study on the efficacy of epiroprim against developmental stages of toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii in animal models. | the new bacteriocidal drug epiroprim (ro-11-8958) was tested (alone or in combination with dapsone) on its efficacy against toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii in their hosts: laboratory mice and/or nude mice/rats, and was compared to the curative effects of the recent drugs of choice. the experiments clearly pointed out that epiroprim has significant effects on the reduction of both parasites when given alone. in combination with dapsone epiroprim led to a complete cure of toxoplasmosis ... | 1995 | 7624286 |
| pharmacokinetics of dapsone in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | dapsone, administered at various doses and schedules, has been proven to be a safe and effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. dapsone is also recommended by the centers for disease control for pcp prophylaxis in hiv-infected children. however, the suggested dosage regimen is based upon clinical experience with children with leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis rathe ... | 1995 | 7625796 |
| [systemic cryptococcosis and pneumocystosis in an hiv-positive patient]. | cryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in aids patients. neurological symptoms are the most frequent clinical presentation of this fungal infection, and pulmonary involvement is clinically much less evident. we report the case of a patient who was treated in the emergency room for acute respiratory failure but who did not survive. microbiologic and histopathologic studies demonstrated simultaneous pulmonary infections with cryptococcus neoformans and pneumocystis carin ... | 1995 | 7627427 |
| pentamidine congeners. 3. crystal structure and molecular modeling studies of trans-1,4-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-2-butene. | x-ray diffraction was used to confirm the geometry of trans-1,4-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-2-butene dihydrochloride dihydrate (trans-butenamidine). trans-butenamidine is a semirigid analogue of pentamidine that has demonstrated good anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in rats. molecular modeling studies revealed that unlike pentamidine or propamidine, trans-butenamidine does not discriminate between at and ta sequences in its binding to the minor groove of dna. crystal data: [c18h22n4o2(2+)][cl(-)]2[h ... | 1995 | 7629735 |
| 2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii. | six previously unknown 2,4-diamino-6-(anilinomethyl)- and 2,4-diamino-6-[(n-methylanilino)-methyl]pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines (5-10) were synthesized from 2,4-diamino-6-(bromomethyl)-pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine hydrobromide (11.hbr) by treatment with the appropriate aniline or n-methylaniline in dimethylformamide at room temperature, with or without nahco3 present. compounds 5-10 were tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and rat liver as a part o ... | 1995 | 7629801 |
| patterns of care for and outcomes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among persons with transfusion-acquired aids. | the most common human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related cause of death in persons with transfusion-acquired (ta) aids has been pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). while better treatment for pcp accounts for improved survival among hiv-infected homosexual or bisexual men, the extent to which others have benefitted from these developments is unknown. | 1995 | 7631408 |
| pleural effusions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. correlation with concomitant pulmonary diseases. | the objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of pleural effusions in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, to correlate these effusions with any concomitant pulmonary diseases and to evaluate the role of cytologic examination in the diagnosis of the effusions. twenty-eight of 389 (7.2%) human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients had pleural effusions and 27 of the 28 were suffering from concomitant pulmonary diseases. those diseases were bacterial pneumonia (9), ... | 1995 | 7631543 |
| case report: vitamin d-mediated hypercalcemia in fungal infections. | hypercalcemia has been well described in a variety of neoplastic and granulomatous diseases. one mechanism for this hypercalcemia is via the excess production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d from extra-renal sources. the authors describe an aids patient infected with cryptococcus neoformans who had suggestive evidence of vitamin d-mediated hypercalcemia. he had an elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d value, a normal 25-hydroxyvitamin d value, and low values for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid h ... | 1995 | 7631647 |
| corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1995 | 7633553 |
| carboxypeptidase m activity is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage in human lung disease. | carboxypeptidase m (cpm) cleaves the c-terminal arginine and lysine of peptides; it is expressed in the lung, especially on the plasma membrane of alveolar type i cells. here, we report on cpm in human bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) collected from 69 patients and analyzed for activity, cell number and type, and protein level. seventy-six percent of cpm activity, measured at ph 7.5 with 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl-alanyl-arginine (dansyl-ala-arg) substrate, was immunoprecipitated with po ... | 1995 | 7633739 |
| does cytomegalovirus predict a poor prognosis in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with corticosteroids? a note for caution. | to examine the importance of cytomegalovirus (cmv) in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid of patients with hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) treated with adjunctive corticosteroids (cs). | 1995 | 7634876 |
| serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, and bacterial pneumonia. | an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity is commonly taken to support the presumptive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), although the ldh level may also be increased in other lung infections and in a variety of extrapulmonary disorders. to assess its diagnostic value in patients with fever, lung infiltrates, and a high prevalence of hiv infection, we compared ldh levels in 42 hospitalized patients with pcp, 71 with disseminated tuberculosis (tb), 40 with pulmonar ... | 1995 | 7634877 |
| pulmonary complications associated with illicit drug use. an update. | in earlier years, nonopportunistic infectious pulmonary complications of illicit drug use were most common. we designed this study to update the pulmonary complications associated with illicit drug use in the 1990s. | 1995 | 7634884 |
| sociodemographic characteristics of hiv infection in northern india. | 134 patients testing positive for hiv antibody during the period 1986-1993 were included in the present study. an in-depth analysis of the subjects revealed that the adult males seemed to have the highest propensity for hiv infection in this part of the country. marital status had no bearing on incidence and route of seropositivity. this was not so in females. extramarital heterosexual contact was the mode of hiv acquisition in adults in contrast to blood transfusion in children. clinically, mos ... | 1995 | 7636144 |
| evolution of pulmonary hiv-1 infection in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1995 | 7638374 |
| prognostic factors influencing the outcome in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | studies attempting to identify the prognostic factors that influence the outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids using a multivariate analysis are few. in order to identify those prognostic factors amenable to medical intervention, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on 102 patients with aids suffering a first episode of pcp. | 1995 | 7638811 |
| pulmonary pathohistological changes in mice in experimental infection with pneumocystis carinii. | the infection pneumocystis carinii was activated in mice of closely related balbc/anncr, c57bl/6 and dba/2 strains applying various doses of hydro-cortisone-acetate in combination with hypoprotein or complete food. the males of all investigated strains showed to be more sensitive than the females and the longest survived mice of c57bl/6 strain. the character of pathohistological pulmonary changes varied depending on the duration of survival. the mature cyst forms of pneumocystis carinii were con ... | 1995 | 7638948 |
| [cause of death after liver transplantation: an analysis of 41 cases in 382 patients]. | the aim of this study was to analyse the causes of death after liver transplantation in order to find and to avoid preventable fatal complications if possible. | 1995 | 7639030 |
| parasitic infections associated with hiv/aids in the caribbean. | this review article seeks to highlight the significance for the caribbean of major parasitic infections associated with aids, encourage awareness of these opportunistic parasites, and promote familiarity with appropriate diagnostic techniques and their clinical relevance. specific agents considered include pneumocystis carinii; toxoplasma gondii; the enteric coccidians cryptosporidium spp., isospora belli, and cyclospora cayetanensis; the hemoflagellates leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi; th ... | 1995 | 7640691 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in children. | the transmission, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in children up to 13 years of age are reviewed, and maintenance and prophylactic drug therapies for these patients are discussed. hiv can be transmitted from mother to infant in utero, during delivery, or through breast milk. perinatal transmission accounts for almost 90% of all pediatric hiv infections. hiv infection can be diagnosed with hiv culturing, polymerase chain reaction testing, the ... | 1995 | 7641035 |
| [cd4+ lymphocytes and opportunistic infections and neoplasms in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | the cd4+ lymphocytes are the principal target cell for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). their depletion originates a very severe cell immunosuppression, which conditions the appearance of opportunistic infections and neoplasms characteristic of aids. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a relation between the degree of cell immunosuppression and the type of opportunistic infections and neoplasms which these patients develop in spain. | 1994 | 7646597 |
| management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the jefferiss wing therapeutics and protocols group. | | 1995 | 7647118 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of a specific dna fragment from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | we cloned and sequenced a species-specific 110-bp dna fragment from paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the dna fragment was generated by pcr with primers complementary to the rat beta-actin gene under a low annealing temperature. comparison of the nucleotide sequence, after excluding the primers, with those in the genbank database identified approximately 60% homology with an exon of a major surface glycoprotein gene from pneumocystis carinii and a fragment of unknown function in saccharomyces cerev ... | 1995 | 7650207 |
| prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with hiv. | the fungus pneumocystis carinii, which rarely if ever causes illness in otherwise healthy people, can cause potentially fatal pneumonia in patients with defects of cell-mediated immunity resulting, for example, from chemotherapy or immunosuppression after organ transplantation. p. carinii pneumonia also occurs in up to 85% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), in many of whom it is the first manifestation of the disease. this article discusses the prevention and treatment o ... | 1994 | 7654282 |
| respiratory effects of occupational exposure to aerosolized pentamidine. | to determine the respiratory effects on health care workers of occupational exposure to aerosolized pentamidine (ap) used for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, we designed a clinical prospective study using subjects as their own controls. sixteen health care workers whose job duties included administration of ap at one or more of nine san francisco bay area medical centers participated in the study. pentamidine concentrations ranged in breathing zone samples from < 0.03 to 62.2 ... | 1995 | 7655955 |
| recovery from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in dexamethasone-treated wistar rats. | our aim was to study histopathological changes in lung tissue at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level during recovery from immunosuppression and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. male wistar rats were immunosuppressed by per oral dexamethasone for 12 weeks to induce p. carinii pneumonia, after which dexamethasone was stopped. recovery was monitored 1, 2 and 4 weeks after cessation of the immunosuppression. in immunosuppressed animals, cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocytes were both decreased in sit ... | 1995 | 7656938 |
| lower survival in aids patients receiving dapsone compared with aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. study group. | a randomized, unblinded study compared aerosolized pentamidine, 300 mg every month, and dapsone, 50 mg/day, for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystosis in 196 aids patients. the study was prematurely discontinued due to excess mortality in the dapsone group. after a mean follow-up of 13 +/- 6.4 months, 22 (21%) of 103 patients in the pentamidine group were dead compared with 39 (42%) of 93 receiving dapsone; the estimated mortality rates at 18 months were 24.6% and 53.1%, respectively (p < .003, ... | 1995 | 7658056 |
| nonclassical 2,4-diamino-6-(aminomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline antifolates: synthesis and biological activities. | twenty 6-substituted 2,4-diaminotetrahydroquinazolines were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as novel nonclassical inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii and as antitumor agents. the 6-substituents included substituted anilinomethyls, with alkoxy (och3, and och2ch3) and halogen (cl and br) moieties on the phenyl ring; an indolinomethyl; and 1-naphthylaminomethyls. the compounds were synthesized from a protected key intermedia ... | 1995 | 7658454 |
| the emergence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant patients in a south indian hospital. | | 1995 | 7660435 |
| problems of persons with hiv/aids hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the authors of this prospective study describe the problems of persons living with hiv/aids hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (n = 90) and examine how the problems change over time. data were obtained from four sources and were classified into major problem categories. the largest mean number of problems were reported in the category of pcp. specific psychosocial problems were more likely to be reported in the patient and nurse interviews than in the chart and intershift repo ... | 1995 | 7662925 |
| site-directed bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in hiv-infected patients with pneumonia. | we have assessed the diagnostic value of site-directed bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and combined transbronchial biopsy (tbb) in 29 hiv-infected patients with localized pneumonia, in whom a previous bal was nondiagnostic and in whom improvement did not occur with empiric antibiotic therapy. all patients but three had a cd4 cell count < 100/microliters. a definite diagnosis could be reached in 26 of 29 (90%) individuals, including 24 pathogens. neither the radiologic pattern nor the type of pneumo ... | 1995 | 7663791 |
| efficacy of intravenous cyclosporine for steroid refractory attacks of ulcerative colitis. | the use of cyclosporine in refractory ulcerative colitis (uc) is still controversial. an 8-year-long retrospective review open-label treatment with intravenous cyclosporine in 21 patients with steroid-refractory uc is therefore in order. intravenous cyclosporine, 5 mg/kg-1 day, was added to ongoing drug therapy. those who responded were switched to oral cyclosporine for a mean 8.4-month period, and steroids were discontinued when possible. sixteen out of 21 patients improved (76%). mean latency ... | 1995 | 7665815 |
| combinations of sulphonamides with diaminopyrimidines: how, when and why? | co-trimoxazole is still widely used for indications where trimethoprim alone is equally effective. the pharmacological rationale of the combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole involves synergistic action of the two drugs. this is true only from a laboratory point of view; several considerations have led to the conclusion that the synergism between the two components is of only in vivo marginal importance in determining the clinical efficacy of co-trimoxazole. this is due to a greater t ... | 1995 | 7666120 |
| non-cmv infectious chorioretinopathies in aids. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis is the most common posterior segment opportunistic infection and the leading cause of blindness in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients. cmv is not the sole agent that can infect the fundus of an immunocompromised patient. disseminated herpes zoster (hz), herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, and candidiasis are possible. syphilis, pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and a host of other viruses, protozoa, bacteria, or neoplasms may invade th ... | 1995 | 7667008 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, not on immunosuppressive therapy and in the absence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1995 | 7670789 |
| future therapies in the management of critically ill aids patients. | the advent of antiviral therapy for hiv infection and anti-infective agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has had a significant impact on the survival and quality of life of persons with aids and associated conditions. this article discusses zidovudine and other antiviral therapies for hiv infection, as well as some of the new treatment and prophylactic strategies to manage opportunistic infections which can ameliorate the course of advanced hiv infection in ... | 1993 | 7678542 |
| nucleotide sequence variation in pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans. | the nucleotide sequences of a portion of the large-subunit mitochondrial rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii derived from 12 patients were examined. five sequences were found to be identical to the prototype sequence reported by sinclair et al. (k. sinclair, a. e. wakefield, s. banerji, and j. m. hopkin, mol. biochem. parasitol. 45:183-184, 1991). six sequences differed from the prototype sequence at one to three positions. the remaining sequence was markedly different from the prototype sequence ... | 1993 | 7681441 |
| the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of papanicolaou and leishman-stained bronchoalveolar specimens in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the presence of foamy alveolar casts or flocculent material in papanicolaou and leishman-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid is said to be indicative of infection with pneumocystis carinii. we have investigated the sensitivity and specificity of this method of diagnosing pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). patients (n = 114) with diffuse lung infiltrates were submitted to fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bal. seventy of them were pat ... | 1993 | 7683507 |
| [detection of pneumocystis carinii in clinical samples by the polymerase chain reaction. comparison with the methenamine silver technique]. | a comparison of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with methenamine silver stain was performed on clinical specimens for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients. | 1993 | 7684613 |
| inhibition of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by para-acetamidobenzoic acid: possible mechanism of action of isoprinosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | isoprinosine has been reported to decrease progression to aids, primarily by preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, but the mechanism of action is unknown. para-acetamidobenzoic acid (pacba), one component of isoprinosine, is structurally related to para-aminobenzoic acid (paba), a precursor of de novo folate synthesis. this pathway is known to be important for p. carinii because sulfonamides, which are effective anti-p. carinii agents ... | 1993 | 7687120 |
| application and staining patterns of commercial anti-pneumocystis carinii monoclonal antibodies. | commercially available monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii were compared with respect to immunofluorescence staining patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-inactivated smears. only the indirect staining kits were suitable for application to ethanol-inactivated samples. when antibodies from dakopatts and northumbria were compared, the staining of cysts and trophozoites showed different patterns. | 1993 | 7690369 |
| interleukin-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, or tuberculosis. | | 1993 | 7690822 |
| identification of phagocytosed pneumocystis carinii in human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. | examination of papanicolaou-stained bronchoalveolar lavage samples from cases with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis under ultra-violet light reveals alveolar macrophages packed with fluorescent inclusions. immunoenzymatic staining of the alveolar macrophages with a monoclonal antibody specific for p. carinii (3f6) showed that these inclusions contain intact pneumocysts or their degradation products. fluorescence microscopy of papanicolaou-stained smears is advocated as a sensitive and specific m ... | 1993 | 7691203 |
| reduced expression of macrophage-associated antigens on alveolar mononuclear phagocytes from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | in this study we evaluated the phenotype of alveolar mononuclear phagocytes recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 24 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (aids-related complex 8 patients. aids 16 patients) and 8 healthy individuals by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies known to react with tissue macrophages, in combination with a flow cytometer. the results showed that 90% of patients with aids present a marked reduction in the expression of several antigenic det ... | 1993 | 7691271 |
| vitronectin binds to pneumocystis carinii and mediates organism attachment to cultured lung epithelial cells. | pneumocystis carinii attaches to alveolar epithelial cells during the development of pneumonia. adhesive proteins found within the alveolar space have been proposed to mediate p. carinii adherence to lung cells. vitronectin (vn), a 75-kda glycoprotein present in the lower respiratory tract, has substantial cell-adhesive properties and might participate in the host-parasite interaction during p. carinii pneumonia. to address whether vn binds to p. carinii, we studied the interaction of radiolabel ... | 1993 | 7691747 |
| high proportion of gamma-delta t cell receptor positive t cells in bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood of hiv-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonias. | to investigate the local immunological situation in the lung of hiv-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonias (hiv-pcp), we analyzed the proportion and the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and their state of activation in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and peripheral blood of 21 hiv-pcp patients (cdc classification group iv) compared to 24 hiv-negative patients with interstitial lung diseases (ild). peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and bal cells were stained with monoclonal ... | 1993 | 7692576 |
| detection of cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis carinii, and aspergillus species in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. a comparison of techniques. | cytomegalovirus (cmv), pneumocystis carinii, and aspergillus species are common causes of fatal pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts. therefore, rapid and reliable methods of establishing the diagnosis of these types of pneumonia are essential. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has proved to be a rapid and safe procedure for procuring large numbers of bronchial and alveolar cells from the lung. to assess various methods of detecting cmv, p. carinii, and aspergillosis in lavage specimens, 4 ... | 1993 | 7692721 |
| neutrophil-rich, ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell malignant lymphoma. | the presence of neutrophils, in the absence of necrosis, is uncommon in malignant lymphoma (ml). we identified a subgroup of ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell ml (ki-1 alcl) in which neutrophils were a prominent component. six of 20 cases of ki-1 alcl had a significant neutrophil infiltrate that varied from 5 to 10% to > 50% of cells per high power field. neutrophils were not seen in 100 cases of other types of ml reviewed. patients were first seen with skin lesions (four), localized lymphaden ... | 1995 | 7694942 |
| characterization of the pnt1 pentamidine resistance gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae pnt1 gene was isolated and characterized. when present in high copy number in s. cerevisiae, pnt1 confers resistance to the anti-pneumocystis carinii drug pentamidine. the pnt1 gene encodes a previously uncharacterized polypeptide of 409 amino acids. the predicted gene product is a very basic (pi 9.9) polypeptide with one potential membrane-associated region. pnt1 is located on chromosome xvr of s. cerevisiae. it is transcribed at a very low level. overexpression of ... | 1994 | 7695273 |
| pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in critically ill and non-critically ill aids patients. | current dosage regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients have been based on data from healthy subjects or patients without aids. the clearance and absorption characteristics of the drugs may potentially be different between patients with and without aids. this study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in critically ill and non-critically ill aids patients treated for p. carinii pneumonia. pati ... | 1995 | 7695325 |
| structure-activity and structure-selectivity studies on diaminoquinazolines and other inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | twenty-eight 2,4-diaminopteridines with alkyl and aralkyl groups at the 6- and 7-positions, five 1,3-diamino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydropyrimido [4,5-c]isoquinolines with an alkyl, alkylthio, or aryl group at the 6-position, and nine 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-s-triazines with one or two alkyl groups at the 2-position and a substituted phenyl or naphthyl group at the 1-position were evaluated as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase enzymes from pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and rat liver. halog ... | 1995 | 7695334 |