| constructing slow-release formulations of ammonium nitrate fertilizer based on degradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). | the present study describes construction and investigation of experimental formulations of ammonium nitrate embedded in a matrix of degradable natural polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [p(3hb)] and p(3hb) blended with wood flour shaped as tablets, some of them coated with p(3hb). kinetics of ammonium release into soil as dependent on the composition of the polymer matrix was investigated in laboratory experiments. the rates of fertilizer release from formulations coated with a biopolymer layer were ... | 2017 | 28723220 |
| rheological characterisation of gluten from triticale (x triticosecale wittmack). | triticale gluten still remains very poorly characterised rheologically. in this study the mechanical spectra of gluten isolated from four triticale cultivars were registered and fitted with cole-cole functions yielding the visco-elastic plateau parameters. master spectra were calculated. a retardation test was performed and used to calculate the composite mechanical spectra and the width of visco-elastic plateau l. protein fractional composition of triticale flour and gluten was studied using ca ... | 2017 | 28722133 |
| effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment (face) on nitrogen assimilation and growth of winter wheat under nitrate and ammonium fertilization. | a 2-year free air co2 enrichment (face) experiment was conducted with winter wheat. it was investigated whether elevated atmospheric co2 concentration (e[co2 ]) inhibit nitrate assimilation and whether better growth and nitrogen acquisition under e[co2 ] can be achieved with an ammonium-based fertilization as it was observed in hydroponic culture with wheat. under e[co2 ] a decrease in nitrate assimilation has been discussed as the cause for observed declines in protein concentration in c3 cerea ... | 2018 | 28715112 |
| a dichloromethane fraction of triticum aestivum sprouts reduces allergic immune response through inhibiting th2 differentiation in ovalbumin‑immunized mice. | triticum aestivum sprouts are small shoots that germinate from seeds and are consumed as a dietary supplement. the present study aimed to determine whether a dichloromethane fraction isolated from triticum aestivum sprouts (tdf) suppressed the allergic immune response in ovalbumin (ova)‑sensitized mice. in vivo experiments were performed by administering tdf or vehicle to mice during the sensitization and this was immediately followed by an intradermal injection of ova into the ears. splenocytes ... | 2017 | 28713973 |
| physiological, biochemical, epigenetic and molecular analyses of wheat (triticum aestivum) genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. | abiotic stress exerts significant impact on plant's growth, development, and productivity. productivity of crop plants under salt stress is lagging behind because of our limited knowledge about physiological, biochemical, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants. this study aimed to investigate physio-biochemical, molecular indices and defense responses of selected wheat cultivars to identify the most contrasting salt-responsive genotypes and the mechanisms associated wit ... | 2017 | 28713411 |
| predictive statistical modelling of cadmium content in durum wheat grain based on soil parameters. | regulatory limits on cadmium (cd) content in food products are tending to become stricter, especially in cereals, which are a major contributor to dietary intake of cd by humans. this is of particular importance for durum wheat, which accumulates more cd than bread wheat. the contamination of durum wheat grain by cd depends not only on the genotype but also to a large extent on soil cd availability. assessing the phytoavailability of cd for durum wheat is thus crucial, and appropriate methods ar ... | 2017 | 28712083 |
| fertilizer efficiency in wheat is reduced by ozone pollution. | inefficient use of fertilizers by crops increases the risk of nutrient leaching from agro-ecosystems, resulting in economic loss and environmental contamination. we investigated how ground-level ozone affects the efficiency by which wheat used applied nitrogen (n) fertilizer to produce grain protein (nep, n efficiency with respect to protein yield) and grain yield (ney, n efficiency with respect to grain yield) across a large number of open-top chamber field experiments. our results show signifi ... | 2017 | 28711849 |
| seed priming and transgenerational drought memory improves tolerance against salt stress in bread wheat. | this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of seed priming following terminal drought on tolerance against salt stress in bread wheat. drought was imposed in field sown wheat at reproductive stage (bbch growth stage 49) and was maintained till physiological maturity (bbch growth stage 83). seeds of bread wheat, collected from crop raised under terminal drought and/or well-watered conditions, were subjected to hydropriming and osmopriming (with 1.5% cacl2) and were sown in soil-filled pot ... | 2017 | 28711787 |
| high photosynthetic capability observed in the wheat germplasm with rye chromosomes. | improving photosynthetic capability is one of the most important factors for increasing wheat yield potential. the photosynthetic capability of wheat germplasm with different alien chromosomes was investigated and compared with bread wheat cultivars (bc) in this study, including wheat addition lines (ca), hexaploid triticale (ht), octoploid triticale (ot), and synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (shw). results indicated that ht, ot, and shw produced significantly higher biomass plant-1(bmpp), with h ... | 2017 | 28710914 |
| spatiotemporal expression patterns of wheat amino acid transporters reveal their putative roles in nitrogen transport and responses to abiotic stress. | amino acid transporters have roles in amino acid uptake from soil, long-distance transport, remobilization from vegetative tissues and accumulation in grain. critically, the majority of wheat grain nitrogen is derived from amino acids remobilized from vegetative organs. however, no systematic analysis of wheat aat genes has been reported to date. here, 283 full length wheat aat genes representing 100 distinct groups of homeologs were identified and curated by selectively consolidating iwgsc cssv ... | 2017 | 28710348 |
| thmyc4e, candidate blue aleurone 1 gene controlling the associated trait in triticum aestivum. | blue aleurone is a useful and interesting trait in common wheat that was derived from related species. here, transcriptomes of blue and white aleurone were compared for isolating blue aleurone 1 (ba1) transferred from thinopyrum ponticum. in the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, only a basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor, thmyc4e, had a higher transcript level in blue aleurone phenotype, and was homologous to the genes on chromosome 4 of triticum aestivum. thmyc4e carrie ... | 2017 | 28704468 |
| functional regulation of q by microrna172 and transcriptional co-repressor topless in controlling bread wheat spikelet density. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) spike architecture is an important agronomic trait. the q gene plays a key role in the domestication of bread wheat spike architecture. however, the regulatory mechanisms of q expression and transcriptional activity remain largely unknown. in this study, we show that overexpression of bread wheat tae-mir172 caused a speltoid-like spike phenotype, reminiscent of that in wheat plants with the q gene. the reduction in q transcript levels in the tae-mir172 overexpress ... | 2017 | 28703466 |
| aegilops tauschii accessions with geographically diverse origin show differences in chromosome organization and polymorphism of molecular markers linked to leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance genes. | aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14) is a diploid wild species which is reported as a donor of the d-genome of cultivated bread wheat. the main goal of this study was to examine the differences and similarities in chromosomes organization among accessions of ae. tauschii with geographically diversed origin, which is believed as a potential source of genes, especially determining resistance to fungal diseases (i.e., leaf rust and powdery mildew) for breeding of cereals. we established and compared th ... | 2017 | 28702048 |
| extended biotic ligand model for predicting combined cu-zn toxicity to wheat (triticum aestivum l.): incorporating the effects of concentration ratio, major cations and ph. | current risk assessment models for metals such as the biotic ligand model (blm) are usually applied to individual metals, yet toxic metals are rarely found singly in the environment. in the present research, the toxicity of cu and zn alone and together were studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using different ca2+ and mg2+ concentrations, ph levels and zn:cu concentration ratios. the aim of the study was to better understand the toxicity effects of these two metals using blms and toxic units ... | 2017 | 28688297 |
| evolution of the wheat blast fungus through functional losses in a host specificity determinant. | wheat blast first emerged in brazil in the mid-1980s and has recently caused heavy crop losses in asia. here we show how this devastating pathogen evolved in brazil. genetic analysis of host species determinants in the blast fungus resulted in the cloning of avirulence genes pwt3 and pwt4, whose gene products elicit defense in wheat cultivars containing the corresponding resistance genes rwt3 and rwt4 studies on avirulence and resistance gene distributions, together with historical data on wheat ... | 2017 | 28684523 |
| development of a new set of molecular markers for examining glu-a1 variants in common wheat and ancestral species. | in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), allelic variations of glu-a1 locus have important influences on grain end-use quality. among the three glu-a1 alleles, glu-a1a and -a1b encode the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) 1ax1 and 1ax2*, respectively, whereas glu-a1c does not specify any subunit. here, we detected a total of 11 glu-a1 locus haplotypes (h1 to h11) in three wheat species, by developing and using a new set of dna markers (xrj5, xid3, xrj6, xid4 and xrj7). the main ha ... | 2017 | 28683152 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of flag leaves reveals new insight into wheat heat adaptation. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important food crop but it is vulnerable to heat. the heat-responsive proteome of wheat remains to be fully elucidated because of previous technical and genomic limitations, and this has hindered our understanding of the mechanisms of wheat heat adaptation and advances in improving thermotolerance. here, flag leaves of wheat during grain filling stage were subjected to high daytime temperature stress, and 258 heat-responsive proteins (hrps) were ident ... | 2017 | 28676819 |
| cloning and functional analysis of mads-box genes, taag-a and taag-b, from a wheat k-type cytoplasmic male sterile line. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major crop worldwide. the utilization of heterosis is a promising approach to improve the yield and quality of wheat. although there have been many studies on wheat cytoplasmic male sterility, its mechanism remains unclear. in this study, we identified two mads-box genes from a wheat k-type cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) line using homology-based cloning. these genes were localized on wheat chromosomes 3a and 3b and named taag-a and taag-b, respectively. analysi ... | 2017 | 28676817 |
| temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities below the seedbed under two contrasting tillage regimes. | agricultural productivity relies on a wide range of ecosystem services provided by the soil biota. plowing is a fundamental component of conventional farming, but long-term detrimental effects such as soil erosion and loss of soil organic matter have been recognized. moving towards more sustainable management practices such as reduced tillage or crop residue retention can reduce these detrimental effects, but will also influence structure and function of the soil microbiota with direct consequen ... | 2017 | 28674527 |
| ne2 encodes protein(s) and the altered rubisco could be the proteomics leader of hybrid necrosis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat hybrid necrosis is caused by the interaction of two dominant complementary genes, ne1 and ne2, located on chromosome arms 5bl and 2bs, respectively. the sequences of ne1 or ne2 have not yet been identified. it is also not known whether ne1 and ne2 are structural or regulatory genes. understanding the proteomic pathways may provide a knowledge base for protecting or maximizing the photosynthesis capacity of wheat. using dige and malditof- tof ms, the flag leaf protein patterns of the two un ... | 2017 | 28674225 |
| improved method for reliable hmw-gs identification by rp-hplc and sds-page in common wheat cultivars. | the accurate identification of alleles for high-molecular weight glutenins (hmw-gs) is critical for wheat breeding programs targeting end-use quality. rp-hplc methods were optimized for separation of hmw-gs, resulting in enhanced resolution of 1by and 1dx subunits. statistically significant differences in retention times (rts) for subunits corresponding to hmw-gs alleles were determined using 16 standard wheat cultivars with known hmw-gs compositions. subunits that were not identified unambiguou ... | 2017 | 28672820 |
| genetic diversity, population structure and marker-trait associations for agronomic and grain traits in wild diploid wheat triticum urartu. | wild diploid wheat, triticum urartu (t. urartu) is the progenitor of bread wheat, and understanding its genetic diversity and genome function will provide considerable reference for dissecting genomic information of common wheat. | 2017 | 28668082 |
| the identification of new candidate genes triticum aestivum flowering locus t3-b1 (taft3-b1) and target of eat1 (tatoe1-b1) controlling the short-day photoperiod response in bread wheat. | perception of photoperiod changes enables plants to flower under optimum conditions for survival. we used doubled haploid populations of crosses among avalon × cadenza, charger × badger and spark × rialto and identified short-day flowering time response quantitative trait loci (qtl) on wheat chromosomes 1bs and 1bl. we used synteny between brachypodium distachyon and wheat to identify potential candidates for both qtl. the 1bl qtl peak coincided with taft3-b1, a homologue of the barley gene hvft ... | 2017 | 28667827 |
| molecular and fish analyses of a 53-kbp intact dna fragment inserted by biolistics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome. | a large, 53-kbp, intact dna fragment was inserted into the wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) genome. fish analyses of individual transgenic events revealed multiple insertions of intact fragments. transferring large intact dna fragments containing clusters of resistance genes or complete metabolic pathways into the wheat genome remains a challenge. in a previous work, we showed that the use of dephosphorylated cassettes for wheat transformation enabled the production of simple integration patterns. ... | 2017 | 28667403 |
| cysteine proteases and wheat (triticum aestivum l) under drought: a still greatly unexplored association. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) provides about 19% of global dietary energy. environmental stress, such as drought, affects wheat growth causing premature plant senescence and ultimately plant death. a plant response to drought is an increase in protease-mediated proteolysis with rapid degradation of proteins required for metabolic processes. among the plant proteases that are increased in their activity following stress, cysteine proteases are the best characterized. very little is known abo ... | 2017 | 28664627 |
| does triacylglycerol (tag) serve a photoprotective function in plant leaves? an examination of leaf lipids under shading and drought. | plant survival in many ecosystems requires tolerance of large radiation loads, unreliable water supply and suboptimal soil fertility. we hypothesized that increased production of neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, tags) in plant leaves is a mechanism for dissipating excess radiation energy. in a greenhouse experiment, we combined drought and shade treatments and examined responses among four species differing in life form, habitat, and drought- and shade-tolerance. we also present a lipid extract ... | 2017 | 28664534 |
| sequence differences in the seed dormancy gene qsd1 among various wheat genomes. | pre-harvest sprouting frequently occurs in triticum aestivum (wheat) and hordeum vulgare (barley) at the end of the maturity period due to high rainfall, particularly in asian monsoon areas. seed dormancy is a major mechanism preventing pre-harvest sprouting in these crops. | 2017 | 28662630 |
| physiological mechanisms contributing to increased water-use efficiency in winter wheat under organic fertilization. | improving the efficiency of resource utilization has received increasing research attention in recent years. in this study, we explored the potential physiological mechanisms underlying improved grain yield and water-use efficiency of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) following organic fertilizer application. two wheat cultivars, changhan58 (ch58) and xinong9871 (xn9871), were grown under the same nitrogen (n) fertilizer rate (urea-n, ck; and manure plus urea-n, m) and under two watering regim ... | 2017 | 28662113 |
| molecular characterization, gene evolution, and expression analysis of the fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (fba) gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (fba) is a key plant enzyme that is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the calvin cycle. it plays significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as in regulating growth and development processes. in the present paper, 21 genes encoding tafba isoenzymes were identified, characterized, and categorized into three groups: class i chloroplast/plastid fba (cpfba), class i cytosol fba (cfba), and class ii chloroplast/plastid fba. by using ... | 2017 | 28659962 |
| winter night-warming improves post-anthesis physiological activities and sink strength in relation to grain filling in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the diurnal and seasonal temperature rising patterns "asymmetric warming," plays an important role in crop distribution and productivity. asymmetric warming during the early growth periods of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) profoundly affects vegetative growth and post-anthesis grain productivity, but the underlying physiological mechanism is still unclear. we conducted field experiments from 2012 to 2014 using two wheat cultivars, namely, yangmai-13 (vernal type) and yannong-19 (semi-winter ... | 2017 | 28659943 |
| biofortification with iron and zinc improves nutritional and nutraceutical properties of common wheat flour and bread. | the effect of field foliar fe and zn biofortification on concentration and potential bioavailability of fe and zn and health-promoting compounds was studied in wholemeal flour of two common wheat varieties (old vs modern). moreover, the effect of milling and bread making was studied. biofortification increased the concentration of zn (+78%) and its bioavailability (+48%) in the flour of the old variety, whereas it was ineffective in increasing fe concentration in both varieties. however, the old ... | 2017 | 28656773 |
| gametocidal genes of aegilops: segregation distorters in wheat-aegilops wide hybridization. | aegilops is a genus belonging to the family poaceace, which have played an indispensible role in the evolution of bread wheat and continues to do so by transferring genes by wide hybridization. being the secondary gene pool of wheat, gene transfer from aegilops poses difficulties and segregation distortion is common. gametocidal genes are the most well characterized class of segregation distorters reported in interspecific crosses of wheat with aegilops. these "selfish" genetic elements ensure t ... | 2017 | 28654760 |
| municipal solid waste leachate impact on metabolic activity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | municipal solid waste (msw) contains contaminants that could possibly leach out and pollute the soil, water sources. in this investigation, the msw leachate toxicity was evaluated using wheat seedling plant bioassay. the eco-toxicity activities of leachate at several time intervals were explored, and the toxicity of these leachates on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (chl a and chl b) levels were determined. the findings showed that leachate can a ... | 2017 | 28653197 |
| effects of residue incorporation and plant growth on soil labile organic carbon and microbial function and community composition under two soil moisture levels. | this study investigates the effects of residue incorporation coupled with plant growth and soil moisture level on wheat biomasses, soil nutrients, labile organic carbon (loc), microbial metabolic profiles, and community composition. four management practices were used in a 180-day pot experiment: (1) control (con), (2) maize (zea mays l.) residue incorporation without plants (mr), (3) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants without maize residue (wp), and (4) maize residue incorporation with wheat p ... | 2017 | 28653195 |
| safety evaluation of transgenic low-gliadin wheat in sprague dawley rats: an alternative to the gluten free diet with no subchronic adverse effects. | gluten-associated pathologies have increased in recent years and there is a greater demand for low or gluten-free products. transgenic low-gliadin wheat lines showed low t-cell response, good bread-making properties, and excellent sensory assets. the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the whole-wheat flour from one transgenic low-gliadin line (named e82) in a 90-day feeding study. in this study males (n = 50) and females (n = 50) sd rats were used. they were fed with doses of 1.42, ... | 2017 | 28651807 |
| evaluation of a rapid method for screening heat stress tolerance using three korean wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. | thermotolerance in plants is a topic of concern given the current trends in global warming. here, we aimed to develop a rapid and reproducible screening method for selection of heat stress-tolerant wheat varieties to expedite the breeding process. we tested the robustness of the screen in three korean wheat cultivars, "backjung", "keumkang", and "chokyeong". we showed that 4-day-old seedlings of "keumkang" had the highest survival rates after a 45 °c treatment for 20 h. moreover, the ability to ... | 2017 | 28650654 |
| survey of high throughput rna-seq data reveals potential roles for lncrnas during development and stress response in bread wheat. | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) are a family of regulatory rnas that play essential role in the various developmental processes and stress responses. recent advances in sequencing technology and computational methods enabled identification and characterization of lncrnas in certain plant species, but they are less known in triticum aestivum (bread wheat). herein, we analyzed 52 rna seq data (>30 billion reads) and identified 44,698 lncrnas in t. aestivum genome, which were characterized in compar ... | 2017 | 28649263 |
| pattern of protein expression in developing wheat grains identified through proteomic analysis. | grain development is one of the biological processes, which contributes to the final grain yield. to understand the molecular changes taking place during the early grain development, we profiled proteomes of two common wheat cultivars p271 and chinese spring (cs) with large and small grains, respectively at three grain developmental stages (4, 8, and 12 days post anthesis). an itraq (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) based proteomics approach was used for this purpose. more t ... | 2017 | 28649254 |
| soil application of sewage sludge stabilized with steelmaking slag and its effect on soil properties and wheat growth. | the effect of sewage sludge, stabilized with steelmaking slag, on soil chemical properties and fertility and on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth was evaluated. dewatered sewage sludge [75% (wet weight basis)] stabilized with steelmaking slag (25%) and three soils with different ph values were used in a pot experiment with winter wheat. the following treatments were applied: (i) sludge addition of 30gkg-1 (≈ 120mgha-1, rate equivalent to the common inorganic n fertilization for wheat, based on ... | 2017 | 28647222 |
| isolation of two new retrotransposon sequences and development of molecular and cytological markers for dasypyrum villosum (l.). | dasypyrum villosum is a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. with the aim to efficiently monitor the d. villosum chromatin introduced into common wheat, two novel retrotransposon sequences were isolated by rapd, and were successfully converted to d. villosum-specific scar markers. in addition, we constructed a chromosomal karyotype of d. villosum. our results revealed that different accessions of d. villosum showed slightly different signal patterns, indicating that distribution of r ... | 2017 | 28638972 |
| in vivo label-free mapping of the effect of a photosystem ii inhibiting herbicide in plants using chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime. | in order to better understand and improve the mode of action of agrochemicals, it is useful to be able to visualize their uptake and distribution in vivo, non-invasively and, ideally, in the field. here we explore the potential of plant autofluorescence (specifically chlorophyll fluorescence) to provide a readout of herbicide action across the scales utilising multiphoton-excited fluorescence lifetime imaging, wide-field single-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging and single point fluore ... | 2017 | 28638436 |
| wheat seed weight and quality differ temporally in sensitivity to warm or cool conditions during seed development and maturation. | short periods of extreme temperature may affect wheat (triticum aestivum) seed weight, but also quality. temporal sensitivity to extreme temperature during seed development and maturation was investigated. | 2017 | 28637252 |
| beneficial effects of melatonin in overcoming drought stress in wheat seedlings. | melatonin plays an important role in abiotic stress in plant, but its role in wheat drought tolerance is less known. to verify its role, wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. 'yan 995') at 60% and 40% of field capacity were treated with 500 μm melatonin in this study. melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of wheat seedlings, as demonstrated by decreased membrane damage, more intact grana lamella of chloroplast, higher photosynthetic rate, and maximum efficiency of phot ... | 2017 | 28633086 |
| a genome-wide association study of 23 agronomic traits in chinese wheat landraces. | uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in wheat landraces is important for ensuring global food security via the development of improved varieties. here, 723 wheat landraces from 10 chinese agro-ecological zones were evaluated for 23 agronomic traits in six environments. all accessions could be clustered into five subgroups based on phenotypic data via discriminant function analysis, which was highly consistent with genotypic classification. a genome-wide association study was conducte ... | 2017 | 28628238 |
| the auxin biosynthetic tryptophan aminotransferase related tatar2.1-3a increases grain yield of wheat. | controlling the major auxin biosynthetic pathway to manipulate auxin content could be a target for genetic engineering of crops with desired traits, but little progress had been made because low or high auxin contents often cause developmental inhibition. here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) to identify the tryptophan aminotransferase of arabidopsis1/tryptophan aminotransferase-related (taa1/tar) genes that function in the tryptophan-dependent pathway of a ... | 2017 | 28626005 |
| effect of the fungus piriformospora indica on physiological characteristics and root morphology of wheat under combined drought and mechanical stresses. | this study was done to evaluate the effects of the root-colonizing endophytic fungus piriformospora indica on wheat growth under combined drought and mechanical stresses. inoculated (colonized) and non-inoculated (uncolonized) wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chamran) seedlings were planted in growth chambers filled with moist sand (at a matric suction of 20 hpa). slight, moderate and severe mechanical stresses (i.e., penetration resistance, qp, of 1.17, 4.17 and 5.96 mpa, respectively) were prod ... | 2017 | 28624682 |
| expression profiles of genes for mitochondrial respiratory energy-dissipating systems and antioxidant enzymes in wheat leaves during de-etiolation. | mitochondrial respiratory components participate in the maintenance of chloroplast functional activity. this study investigates the effects 48h de-etiolation of spring wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l., var. irgina) on the expression of genes that encode energy-dissipating respiratory components and antioxidant enzymes under continuous light conditions. the expression of aox1a following the prolonged darkness exhibited a pattern indicating a prominent dependence on light. the expression of o ... | 2017 | 28623839 |
| commentary on "characteristics of cadmium uptake and membrane transport in roots of intact wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings" reported by lian-zhen li, chen tu, willie j.g.m. peijnenburg, yong-ming luo. | | 2017 | 28622963 |
| transcriptome analysis of drought-responsive genes regulated by hydrogen sulfide in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | drought is an environmental factor that deeply impacts wheat yield and quality. hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is a known regulator of drought resistance in plants. to preliminarily elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of h2s on drought tolerance, the effects of h2s on drought-responsive genes were investigated by transcriptome analysis. as a result, a total of 7552 transcripts not only responded to drought stress but also exhibited differential expression relative to the polyethylene glycol (peg) treatm ... | 2017 | 28620758 |
| genome-wide association study of grain architecture in wild wheat aegilops tauschii. | aegilops tauschii, the d-genome progenitor of triticum aestivum, encompasses huge diversity for various traits of potential economic importance such as yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, quality and nutrition. in the present study, variation for grain size in ae. tauschii germplasm was studied and its genetic basis dissected using genome-wide association study (gwas). grain length, width, and weight evaluated in 177 ae. tauschii accessions over 3 years showed near normal distribution wi ... | 2017 | 28620398 |
| preliminary evidence for associations between molecular markers and quantitative traits in a set of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars and breeding lines. | the identification of polymorphic markers associated with various quantitative traits allows us to test their performance for the exploitation of the extensive quantitative variation maintained in gene banks. in the current study, a set of 97 wheat germplasm accessions including 48 cultivars and 49 breeding lines were evaluated for 18 agronomic traits. the accessions were also genotyped with 23 issr, nine irap and 20 remap markers, generating a total of 658 clear and scorable bands, 86% of which ... | 2017 | 28619368 |
| silencing of a lipase maturation factor 2-like gene by wheat-mediated rnai reduces the survivability and reproductive capacity of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae. | lipase maturation factor (lmf) family proteins are required for the maturation and transport of active lipoprotein lipases. however, the specific roles of lmf2 remain unknown. in this study, a grain aphid lmf2-like gene fragment was cloned and was highly similar in sequence to a homologous gene in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. an rnai vector was constructed with this fragment and used for wheat transformation. the expression of the lmf2-like gene in aphid, as well as the growth and reprodu ... | 2017 | 28618004 |
| differential effects of a post-anthesis heat stress on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain proteome determined by itraq. | heat stress, a major abiotic stressor of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), often results in reduced yield and decreased quality. in this study, a proteomic method, tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric (itraq), was adopted to analyze the protein expression profile changes among wheat cultivar jing411 under heat stress. results indicated that there were 256 different proteins expressed in jing411 under heat stress. according to the result of gene annotation and functional classificatio ... | 2017 | 28615669 |
| effects of cultivar and nitrogen nutrition on the lipid composition of wheat flour. | despite being minor components of flour, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lipids contribute to grain processing. they are particularly important for bread making, where they adsorb to the surface of gas bubbles formed during the proving stage of bread making, stabilizing the gas cells and improving gas retention within the dough. this contributes to the volume and texture of the loaf. however, little is understood about how their amount, composition, and properties vary in response to genotype (g), ... | 2017 | 28614658 |
| molecular cloning and characterizations of xylanase inhibitor protein from wheat (triticum aestivum). | xylanase inhibitor proteins (xips) were regarded to inhibit the activity of xylanases during baking and gluten-starch separation processes. to avoid the inhibition to xylanases, it is necessary to define the conditions under which the inhibition takes place. in this study, we cloned the xip gene from 2 different variety of triticum aestivum, that is, zhengmai 9023 and zhengmai 366, and investigated the properties of xip protein expressed by pichia pastoris. the results showed that the 2 xip gene ... | 2017 | 28613409 |
| oligonucleotides and nd-fish displaying different arrangements of tandem repeats and identification of dasypyrum villosum chromosomes in wheat backgrounds. | oligonucleotide probes and the non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (nd-fish) technique are widely used to analyze plant chromosomes because they are convenient tools. new oligonucleotide probes, oligo-ku, oligo-3b117.1, oligo-3b117.2, oligo-3b117.2.1, oligo-3b117.3, oligo-3b117.4, oligo-3b117.5, oligo-3b117.6, oligo-pta71a-1, oligo-pta71a-2, oligo-pta71b-1, oligo-pta71b-2, oligo-pta71c-1, oligo-pta71c-2, oligo-pta71c-3 and oligo-pta71d were designed based on the repetitive sequence ... | 2017 | 28613230 |
| evaluation of antiproliferative and hepatoprotective effects of wheat grass (triticum aestivum). | this study was aimed to evaluate the pharmacological potential of various extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol and aqueous) of dried shoots of triticum aestivum (wheat grass) in terms of antiproliferative and hepatoprotective potential of t. aestivum. the total chlorophyll content in dried shoots of t. aestivum was 0.54 ± 0.016 g/l (chlorophyll-a: 0.288 ± 0.05 g/l; and chlorophyll-b; 0.305 ± 0.05 g/l), while total carotene content was 0.42 ± 0.066 g/l. in addition, the chloroform extract of dr ... | 2017 | 28605975 |
| evolution of the mir5200-flowering locus t flowering time regulon in the temperate grass subfamily pooideae. | flowering time is a carefully regulated trait controlled primarily through the action of the central genetic regulator, flowering locus t (ft). recently it was demonstrated that a microrna, mir5200, targets the end of the second exon of ft under short-day photoperiods in the grass subfamily pooideae, thus preventing ft transcripts from reaching threshold levels under non-inductive conditions. pooideae are an interesting group in that they rapidly diversified from the tropics into the northern te ... | 2017 | 28603035 |
| inclusion of wheat and triticale silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of this experiment was to partially replace corn silage with 2 alternative forages, wheat (triticum aestivum) or triticale (x triticosecale) silages at 10% of the diet dry matter (dm), and investigate the effects on dairy cow productivity, nutrient utilization, enteric ch4 emissions, and farm income over feed costs. wheat and triticale were planted in the fall as cover crops and harvested in the spring at the boot stage. neutral- and acid-detergent fiber and lignin concentrations w ... | 2017 | 28601456 |
| escitalopram or novel herbal treatments differentially alter cytokine and behavioral responses to immune challenge. | studies suggest that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. the present study examined the effects of the commonly used antidepressant escitalopram, in comparison with a novel herbal treatment (nht) consisted of crataegus pinnatifida, triticum aestivum, lilium brownii and fructus ziziphus jujuba, on cytokine and behavioral responses to an immune challenge. escitalopram augmented lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α peripheral secretion and induced a fa ... | 2017 | 28601279 |
| root tip shape governs root elongation rate under increased soil strength. | increased soil strength due to soil compaction or soil drying is a major limitation to root growth and crop productivity. roots need to exert higher penetration force, resulting in increased penetration stress when elongating in soils of greater strength. this study aimed to quantify how the genotypic diversity of root tip geometry and root diameter influences root elongation under different levels of soil strength and to determine the extent to which roots adjust to increased soil strength. fou ... | 2017 | 28600344 |
| pfca uptake and translocation in dominant wheat species (triticum aestivum l.). | the comparative uptake of four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in nutrient solution was investigated. wheat is the main food crop in northern china and may become a potential pathway of human exposure to these pfcas. the uptake of four pfcas from water at a fixed concentration (1 μg/ml) increased over time, approaching a steady state, and except for the short-chain perfluorobutanoic acid, most of the total mass of each of the pfcas taken up by wheat ... | 2018 | 28598222 |
| characterization of aldehyde oxidase (ao) genes involved in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in wheat grain. | aldehyde oxidase (ao) enzyme (ec 1.2.3.1) catalyzes the final steps of carotenoid catabolism and it is a key enzyme in the abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis. ao isoforms are located in the cytosolic compartment of tissues in many plants, where induce the oxidation of aldehydes into carboxylic acid, and in addition, catalyze the hydroxylation of some heterocycles. the goal of the present study was to characterize the ao genes involved in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in wheat grain, an i ... | 2017 | 28596779 |
| host plants of the wheat stem sawfly (hymenoptera: cephidae). | wheat stem sawfly (cephus cinctus norton) is a pest of economic importance across much of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-growing areas of the western great plains of north america as well as an ecologically important insect owing to its wide range of grass hosts. little research has been published regarding the noncultivated native and invasive grasses attacked by this insect. knowledge of the complete host range of c. cinctus can inform future research about potential new sources of genetic r ... | 2017 | 28591774 |
| quantitative trait loci for slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust in doubled-haploid wheat population ci13227 × lakin. | ci13227 is a u.s. winter wheat line with adult-plant slow-rusting resistance that has been the subject of several studies on the characteristics and components of slow rusting. previous genetic studies used different populations and approaches and came to different conclusions about the genetic basis of resistance in ci13227. to clarify the situation, a new doubled-haploid (dh) population of ci13227 × lakin was produced and a linkage map was constructed using 5,570 single-nucleotide polymorphism ... | 2017 | 28589757 |
| changes in low-molecular-weight thiol-disulphide redox couples are part of bread wheat seed germination and early seedling growth. | the tripeptide antioxidant glutathione (γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine; gsh) essentially contributes to thiol-disulphide conversions, which are involved in the control of seed development, germination, and seedling establishment. however, the relative contribution of gsh metabolism in different seed structures is not fully understood. we studied the gsh/glutathione disulphide (gssg) redox couple and associated low-molecular-weight (lmw) thiols and disulphides related to gsh metabolism in bread ... | 2017 | 28580817 |
| the proportion of nitrate in leaf nitrogen, but not changes in root growth, are associated with decreased grain protein in wheat under elevated [co2]. | the atmospheric co2 concentration ([co2]) is increasing and predicted to reach ∼550ppm by 2050. increasing [co2] typically stimulates crop growth and yield, but decreases concentrations of nutrients, such as nitrogen ([n]), and therefore protein, in plant tissues and grains. such changes in grain composition are expected to have negative implications for the nutritional and economic value of grains. this study addresses two mechanisms potentially accountable for the phenomenon of elevated [co2]- ... | 2017 | 28575746 |
| the contrasting microrna content of a drought tolerant and a drought susceptible wheat cultivar. | drought stress represents one of the most common stresses affecting the productivity of crop plants. a rather recently discovered component of the plant response to drought is the cellular population of micrornas. here, the microrna content was revealed of two bread wheat cultivars contrasting strongly with respect to the ability to withstand drought stress. a total of 1813 mirnas was identified, grouped into 106 families. some 104 of these mirnas were predicted to match 212 novel mirna precurso ... | 2017 | 28575745 |
| impact of surface charge on cerium oxide nanoparticle uptake and translocation by wheat (triticum aestivum). | nanoparticle (np) physiochemical properties, including surface charge, affect cellular uptake, translocation, and tissue localization. to evaluate the influence of surface charge on np uptake by plants, wheat seedlings were hydroponically exposed to 20 mg/l of ∼4 nm ceo2 nps functionalized with positively charged, negatively charged, and neutral dextran coatings. fresh, hydrated roots and leaves were analyzed at various time points over 34 h using fluorescence x-ray absorption near-edge spectros ... | 2017 | 28575574 |
| exploring the heat-responsive chaperones and microsatellite markers associated with terminal heat stress tolerance in developing wheat. | global warming is a major threat for agriculture and food security, and in many cases the negative impacts are already apparent. wheat is one of the most important staple food crops and is highly sensitive to the heat stress (hs) during reproductive and grain-filling stages. here, whole transcriptome analysis of thermotolerant wheat cv. hd2985 was carried out at the post-anthesis stage under control (22 ± 3 °c) and hs-treated (42 °c, 2 h) conditions using illumina hiseq and roche gs-flx 454 plat ... | 2017 | 28573536 |
| massive expansion and differential evolution of small heat shock proteins with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) polyploidization. | wheat (triticum aestivum), one of the world's most important crops, is facing unprecedented challenges due to global warming. to evaluate the gene resources for heat adaptation in hexaploid wheat, small heat shock proteins (shsps), the key plant heat protection genes, were comprehensively analysed in wheat and related species. we found that the shsps of hexaploid wheat were massively expanded in a and b subgenomes with intrachromosomal duplications during polyploidization. these expanded shsps w ... | 2017 | 28566710 |
| a systematic review of rye (secale cereale l.) as a source of resistance to pathogens and pests in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat is globally one of the most important crops. with the current human population growth rate, there is an increasing need to raise wheat productivity by means of plant breeding, along with development of more efficient and sustainable agricultural systems. damage by pathogens and pests, in combination with adverse climate effects, need to be counteracted by incorporating new germplasm that makes wheat more resistant/tolerant to such stress factors. rye has been used as a source for improved ... | 2017 | 28559761 |
| global identification, structural analysis and expression characterization of bhlh transcription factors in wheat. | basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors (tfs), which are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms, play crucial roles in plant development. however, no comprehensive analysis of the bhlh family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been undertaken previously. | 2017 | 28558686 |
| potassium and zinc increase tolerance to salt stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | potassium and zinc are essential elements in plant growth and metabolism and plays a vital role in salt stress tolerance. to investigate the physiological mechanism of salt stress tolerance, a pot experiment was conducted. potassium and zinc significantly minimize the oxidative stress and increase root, shoot and spike length in wheat varieties. fresh and dry biomass were significantly increased by potassium followed by zinc as compared to control c. the photosynthetic pigment and osmolyte regul ... | 2017 | 28558283 |
| effects of tio2 nanoparticles on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings cultivated under super-elevated and normal co2 conditions. | concerns over the potential risks of nanomaterials to ecosystem have been raised, as it is highly possible that nanomaterials could be released to the environment and result in adverse effects on living organisms. carbon dioxide (co2) is one of the main greenhouse gases. the level of co2 keeps increasing and subsequently causes a series of environmental problems, especially for agricultural crops. in the present study, we investigated the effects of tio2 nps on wheat seedlings cultivated under s ... | 2017 | 28558015 |
| stem carbohydrate dynamics and expression of genes involved in fructan accumulation and remobilization during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes with contrasting tolerance to water stress. | the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between water-soluble carbohydrates (wsc) and water stress tolerance are scarcely known. this study aimed to evaluate the main wsc in stems, and the expression of genes involved in fructan metabolism in wheat genotypes growing in a glasshouse with water stress (ws; 50% field capacity from heading) and full irrigation (fi; 100% field capacity). eight wheat genotypes (five tolerant and three susceptible to water stress) were eval ... | 2017 | 28552955 |
| low-dose ionizing radiation limitations to seed germination: results from a model linking physiological characteristics and developmental-dynamics simulation strategy. | there is much uncertainty about the risks of seed germination after repeated or protracted environmental low-dose ionizing radiation exposure. the purpose of this study is to explore the influence mechanism of low-dose ionizing radiation on wheat seed germination using a model linking physiological characteristics and developmental-dynamics simulation. a low-dose ionizing radiation environment simulator was built to investigate wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds germination process and then a ki ... | 2017 | 28551365 |
| high-throughput snp genotyping of modern and wild emmer wheat for yield and root morphology using a combined association and linkage analysis. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum desf.) is a major world crop that is grown primarily in areas of the world that experience periodic drought, and therefore, breeding climate-resilient durum wheat is a priority. high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping techniques have greatly increased the power of linkage and association mapping analyses for bread wheat, but as yet there is no durum wheat-specific platform available. in this study, we evaluate the new 384ht wheat ... | 2017 | 28550605 |
| short periods of high temperature during meiosis prevent normal meiotic progression and reduce grain number in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | exposure of wheat to high temperatures during male meiosis prevents normal meiotic progression and reduces grain number. we define a temperature-sensitive period and link heat tolerance to chromosome 5d. this study assesses the effects of heat on meiotic progression and grain number in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring), defines a heat-sensitive stage and evaluates the role of chromosome 5d in heat tolerance. plants were exposed to high temperatures (30 or 35 °c) in a con ... | 2017 | 28550436 |
| quantifying wheat sensitivities to environmental constraints to dissect genotype × environment interactions in the field. | yield is subject to strong genotype-by-environment (g × e) interactions in the field, especially under abiotic constraints such as soil water deficit (drought [d]) and high temperature (heat [h]). since environmental conditions show strong fluctuations during the whole crop cycle, geneticists usually do not consider environmental measures as quantitative variables but rather as factors in multienvironment analyses. based on 11 experiments in a field platform with contrasting temperature and soil ... | 2017 | 28546436 |
| wheat root length and not branching is altered in the presence of neighbours, including blackgrass. | the effect of neighbouring plants on crop root system architecture may directly interfere with water and nutrient acquisition, yet this important and interesting aspect of competition remains poorly understood. here, the effect of the weed blackgrass (alopecurus myosuroides huds.) on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots was tested, since a low density of this species (25 plants m-2) can lead to a 10% decrease in wheat yield and herbicide resistance is problematic. we used a simplified growth syste ... | 2017 | 28542446 |
| developing transgenic wheat to encounter rusts and powdery mildew by overexpressing barley chi26 gene for fungal resistance. | the main aim of this study was to improve fungal resistance in bread wheat via transgenesis. transgenic wheat plants harboring barley chitinase (chi26) gene, driven by maize ubi promoter, were obtained using biolistic bombardment, whereas the herbicide resistance gene, bar, driven by the camv 35s promoter was used as a selectable marker. | 2017 | 28539970 |
| ancestral qtl alleles from wild emmer wheat enhance root development under drought in modern wheat. | a near-isogenic line (nil-7a-b-2), introgressed with a quantitative trait locus (qtl) on chromosome 7as from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) into the background of bread wheat (t. aestivum l.) cv. barnir, was recently developed and studied in our lab. nil-7a-b-2 exhibited better productivity and photosynthetic capacity than its recurrent parent across a range of environments. here we tested the hypothesis that root-system modifications play a major role in nil-7a-b-2's agro ... | 2017 | 28536586 |
| high-resolution mapping of crossover events in the hexaploid wheat genome suggests a universal recombination mechanism. | during meiosis, crossovers (cos) create new allele associations by reciprocal exchange of dna. in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), cos are mostly limited to subtelomeric regions of chromosomes, resulting in a substantial loss of breeding efficiency in the proximal regions, though these regions carry ∼60-70% of the genes. identifying sequence and/or chromosome features affecting recombination occurrence is thus relevant to improve and drive recombination. using the recent release of a referenc ... | 2017 | 28533438 |
| pre-drought priming sustains grain development under post-anthesis drought stress by regulating the growth hormones in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | drought stress during grain filling is the most yield-damaging to wheat. pre-drought priming facilitated the wheat plants to sustain grain development against the post-anthesis drought stress by modulating the levels of growth hormones. post-anthesis drought stress substantially reduces grain yield in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) due to impaired grain development associated with imbalanced levels of growth hormones. to investigate whether pre-drought priming could sustain grain development in wh ... | 2017 | 28526982 |
| mapping qtls controlling kernel dimensions in a wheat inter-varietal ril mapping population. | seven kernel dimension qtls were identified in wheat, and kernel thickness was found to be the most important dimension for grain weight improvement. kernel morphology and weight of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) affect both yield and quality; however, the genetic basis of these traits and their interactions has not been fully understood. in this study, to investigate the genetic factors affecting kernel morphology and the association of kernel morphology traits with kernel weight, kernel length ( ... | 2017 | 28526913 |
| mir156-targeted sbp-box transcription factors interact with dwarf53 to regulate teosinte branched1 and barren stalk1 expression in bread wheat. | genetic and environmental factors affect bread wheat (triticum aestivum) plant architecture, which determines grain yield. in this study, we demonstrate that mir156 controls bread wheat plant architecture. we show that overexpression of tae-mir156 in bread wheat cultivar kenong199 leads to increased tiller number and severe defects in spikelet formation, probably due to the tae-mir156-mediated repression of a group of squamosa promoter binding protein-like (spl) genes. furthermore, we found that ... | 2017 | 28526703 |
| the effect of sewage sludge on heavy metal concentrations in wheat plant (triticum aestivum l.). | the use of sewage sludge in agricultural soils can improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility by increasing organic materials; however, the presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge is a significant problem for the quality of agricultural products and the environment. most heavy metals, due to their inactive nature, are stable and can affect human health. this study investigates the effect of sewage sludge on the concentration of copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron, and manga ... | 2017 | 28523618 |
| a novel, economical way to assess virulence in field populations of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) utilizing wheat resistance gene h13 as a model. | mayetiola destructor (say) is a serious pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in north america, north africa, and central asia. singly deployed resistance genes in wheat cultivars have provided effective management of hessian fly populations for >50 yr. thirty-five h genes have been documented. defense mediated by the h gene constitutes strong selection on the hessian fly population, killing 100% of larvae. a mutation in a matching hessian fly avirulence gene confers virulence to the h gene, lead ... | 2017 | 28520950 |
| ms26/cyp704b is required for anther and pollen wall development in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and combining mutations in all three homeologs causes male sterility. | development of anthers and pollen represents an important aspect of the life cycle in flowering plants. genes contributing to anther and pollen development have been widely studied in many plant species. ms26/cyp704b genes play an important role in pollen development through biosynthesis of sporopollenin for pollen exine formation. to investigate the role of ms26/cyp704b genes in anther and pollen development of bread wheat, mutations in the a-, b-, and d-homeologs of the putative ms26/cyp704b g ... | 2017 | 28520767 |
| genetics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in winter wheat (triticum aestivum). | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is a major staple food and therefore of prime importance for feeding the earth's growing population. mycorrhiza is known to improve plant growth, but although extensive knowledge concerning the interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is available, genotypic differences concerning the ability of wheat to form mycorrhizal symbiosis and quantitative trait loci (qtls) involved in mycorrhization are largely unknown. therefore, a diverse set of 94 bread wheat g ... | 2017 | 28517039 |
| the stenofolia gene from medicago alters leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in transgenic wheat. | molecular genetic analyses revealed that the wuschel-related homeobox (wox) gene superfamily regulates several programs in plant development. many different mechanisms are reported to underlie these alterations. the wox family member stenofolia (stf) is involved in leaf expansion in the eudicot medicago truncutula. here, we report that when this gene was ectopically expressed in a locally adapted hard red winter wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum), the transgenic plants showed not only widened le ... | 2018 | 28509374 |
| moderate drought stress affected root growth and grain yield in old, modern and newly released cultivars of winter wheat. | to determine root growth and grain yield of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l) under moderate drought stress, a nursery experiment and a field trial were conducted with or without water stress using three representative cultivars released in different years: cw134 (old landrace), ch58 (modern cultivar) and ch1 (new release). in the nursery experiment, plants were grown in soil-filled rhizoboxes under moderate drought (md, 55% of field capacity) or well-watered (ww, 85% of field capacity) conditi ... | 2017 | 28507555 |
| high-density genotyping of the a.e. watkins collection of hexaploid landraces identifies a large molecular diversity compared to elite bread wheat. | the importance of wheat as a food crop makes it a major target for agricultural improvements. as one of the most widely grown cereal grains, together with maize and rice, wheat is the leading provider of calories in the global diet, constituting 29% of global cereal production in 2015. in the last few decades, however, yields have plateaued, suggesting that the green revolution, at least for wheat, might have run its course and that new sources of genetic variation are urgently required. the ove ... | 2018 | 28500796 |
| gene introgression from common wheat into aegilops l. | group of experiments were carried out to verify possibility of gene introgression from common wheat into aegilops. the artificial indoor crossbreed was conducted using 7 genotypes from 4 wheat relative species as female, and common wheat as male. the experiment result shows that different species has variable cross ability. among the 4 aegilops species, the highest cross rate is from the combination of aegilops tauschii × triticum aestivum (46.49% for genotype ae42, 22.58% for y92), the second i ... | 2017 | 28490951 |
| mapk-mediated auxin signal transduction pathways regulate the malic acid secretion under aluminum stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitative (itraq)-based quantitative proteomic approach was used to screen the differentially expressed proteins during control treatment (ck), aluminum (al) and al+ indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) treatment of wheat lines et8 (al-tolerant). further, the the expression levels of auxin response factor (arf), aux/iaa, mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) 2c, and mapk1a were analyzed. results showed that 16 proteins were determined to be differentially ex ... | 2017 | 28487539 |
| identification and positional distribution analysis of transcription factor binding sites for genes from the wheat fl-cdna sequences. | the binding sites of transcription factors (tfs) in upstream dna regions are called transcription factor binding sites (tfbss). tfbss are important elements for regulating gene expression. to date, there have been few studies on the profiles of tfbss in plants. in total, 4,873 sequences with 5' upstream regions from 8530 wheat fl-cdna sequences were used to predict tfbss. we found 4572 tfbss for the mads tf family, which was twice as many as for bhlh (1951), b3 (1951), hb superfamily (1914), erf ... | 2017 | 28485207 |
| genome-wide analysis of wrky transcription factors in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and differential expression under water deficit condition. | wrky proteins, which comprise one of the largest transcription factor (tf) families in the plant kingdom, play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. despite several studies on wrkys in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), functional annotation information about wheat wrkys is limited. | 2017 | 28484671 |
| qtl mapping for phosphorus efficiency and morphological traits at seedling and maturity stages in wheat. | phosphorus (p) efficiency (pe), which comprises phosphorus uptake (pupe) and utilization efficiency (pute), is considered as one of the most important factors for crop yield. in the present study, 11 seedling traits and 13 maturity traits related to wheat pe and morphology were investigated using a set of recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from the cross of "tn 18 × lm 6," under hydroponic culture trials and field trials at low p (lp) and normal p (np) levels in two different years, respect ... | 2017 | 28484481 |
| the impact of drought on wheat leaf cuticle properties. | the plant cuticle is the outermost layer covering aerial tissues and is composed of cutin and waxes. the cuticle plays an important role in protection from environmental stresses and glaucousness, the bluish-white colouration of plant surfaces associated with cuticular waxes, has been suggested as a contributing factor in crop drought tolerance. however, the cuticle structure and composition is complex and it is not clear which aspects are important in determining a role in drought tolerance. th ... | 2017 | 28482800 |