| retraction. rna transcripts of full-length cdna clones of rabbit hepatitis e virus are infectious in rabbits. | | 2015 | 26015321 |
| detection and molecular characterisation of swine hepatitis e virus in brescia province, italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important public health concern in many developing countries and it occurs in sporadic forms in industrialized areas. with the discovery of swine hev in pigs, which is genetically closely related to human hev, hepatitis e is considered to be a zoonotic disease. to investigate the circulation of hev within a distinct area of lombardy region (northern italy), 17 pig farms were subjected to monitoring study by collection of fresh stool samples each represented by groun ... | 2015 | 27800394 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 3 diversity: phylogenetic analysis and presence of subtype 3b in wild boar in europe. | an increasing number of indigenous cases of hepatitis e caused by genotype 3 viruses (hev-3) have been diagnosed all around the word, particularly in industrialized countries. hepatitis e is a zoonotic disease and accumulating evidence indicates that domestic pigs and wild boars are the main reservoirs of hev-3. a detailed analysis of hev-3 subtypes could help to determine the interplay of human activity, the role of animals as reservoirs and cross species transmission. although complete genome ... | 2015 | 26008708 |
| molecular investigation on the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in wild game in north-western italy. | meat products from hev-infected reservoir animal species are capable of transmitting hev to humans and represent a public health concern. human hev cases have been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pig liver sausages, pork, and game meats, such as wild boars and deer worldwide. direct exposure to swine or wild game species might also represent a source of hev transmission especially for veterinarians, hunters, or butchers. a limited amount of data is available on hev prevalence in ... | 2015 | 26006251 |
| a 1-year quantitative survey of noro-, adeno-, human boca-, and hepatitis e viruses in raw and secondarily treated sewage from two plants in norway. | a study of enteric viruses in raw and treated sewage from two secondary treatment plants, which received sewage from oslo city (plant a) and small municipalities in hedmark county in norway (plant b), showed high levels of noro-, adeno-, and bocavirus throughout the year. a seasonal variation was observed for adeno- and gii norovirus with higher levels during winter and bocavirus that had more positive samples during winter. the virus concentrations in raw sewage were comparable in the two plant ... | 2015 | 26003323 |
| [the establishment of high-throughput neutralization titer evaluation model for hepatitis e virus (hev)]. | the lack of effective in vitro infection model for hepatitis e virus (hev) has greatly hindered the quantitative analysis of neutralizing titers of anti-hev antibodies and human sera, thus impeding further studies of hev-stimulated antibody responses and the immunological mechanisms. in order to improve this situation, the infection of hepg2 cells that are inefficient for hev replication was continuously monitored until the viral load reached the limit of detection on day 13, the results of whic ... | 2015 | 25997322 |
| notes from the field: hepatitis e outbreak among refugees from south sudan - gambella, ethiopia, april 2014-january 2015. | in early april 2014, two south sudanese refugees in the gambella region of western ethiopia experienced acute onset of jaundice, accompanied by fever. one patient was a pregnant woman aged 24 years evaluated at a routine prenatal clinic visit in leitchour refugee camp. the second patient was a malnourished boy aged 1 year who resided in tierkidi refugee camp. the boy died despite hospitalization. during the last 2 weeks of may, four more cases of acute jaundice syndrome (ajs), defined as yellow ... | 2015 | 25996097 |
| seroprevalence in blood donors reveals widespread, multi-source exposure to hepatitis e virus, southern france, october 2011. | the apparent seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev)varies greatly among developed countries depending on the geographical area and the sensitivity of immunoassays. we used a validated assay to determine the prevalence of hev igg and igm antibodies among 3,353 blood donors living in southern france,who gave blood during the two first weeks of october 2011 and participated in the study. demographic and epidemiological information was collected using aspecific questionnaire. we also screened 591 ... | 2015 | 25990359 |
| survival and elimination of hepatitis e virus: a review. | recently, foodborne transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) has become a concern due to the identification of undercooked pork products as a risk factor for infection. the limited number of studies which have been performed indicate that hev could remain infectious at temperatures used in some cooking regimes, although inactivation by heating at 71 °c for 20 min has been demonstrated. there are significant gaps in our knowledge regarding the survival of hev in foods and the environment (includin ... | 2015 | 25989918 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in the irish pig population. | hepatitis e is an acute viral disease of humans, occurring in explosive outbreaks in the developing world and as sporadic cases in returning travellers. increasing recognition of indigenous transmission in western countries suggests a zoonotic source of infection, most likely pigs. to determine if hepatitis e virus is present in irish pigs, sera from 330 animals were examined for antibodies using a commercially available elisa. | 2015 | 25977752 |
| epidemiology of domestically acquired hepatitis e virus infection in japan: assessment of the nationally reported surveillance data, 2007-2013. | in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported hepatitis e virus (hev) infections from developed countries. to describe recent trends in notification and potential risk groups and risk factors in japan, hev infection cases and demographic, food consumption, clinical and laboratory data reported during 2007-2013 were analysed. in total, 530 hev infections were reported during 2007-2013. amongst 462 domestic cases, the mean age was 56.5 years (sd 13.9) and 80.1 % were male. ... | 2015 | 25976003 |
| association of hepatitis e virus and essential cryoglobulinemia? | | 2015 | 25959152 |
| comparative sensitivity of commercial tests for hepatitis e genotype 3 virus antibody detection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) acute infection is often diagnosed only by anti-hev igm elisa methods, whose sensitivity varies, according to different reports. reports assessing the specificity of commercial assays for anti-hev igg testing are scarce, and estimates of sensitivity and specificity are both controversial. the aim of this work is to assess the sensitivity of different commercial techniques for hev genotype 3 antibody (anti-hev) igm and igg detection in entirely specific sample panels inclu ... | 2015 | 25959136 |
| virus safety of islet cell transplantation from transgenic pigs to marmosets. | transplantation of pig islet cells for the treatment of diabetes may be a more effective approach compared with the application of insulin. however, before introduction into the clinic, efficacy and safety of this treatment have to be shown. non-human primate models may be used for this, despite the fact that they are characterised by several limitations. here we investigate the prevalence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs), which are present in the genome of all pigs and which may infec ... | 2015 | 25956348 |
| presence of pathogenic enteric viruses in illegally imported meat and meat products to eu by international air travelers. | one hundred twenty two meat samples confiscated from passengers on flights from non-european countries at the international airport of bilbao (spain) were tested for the presence of the main foodborne viral pathogens (human noroviruses genogroups i and ii, hepatitis a and e viruses) during 2012 and 2013. a sample process control virus, murine norovirus, was used to evaluate the correct performance of the method. overall, 67 samples were positive for at least one enteric viruses, 65 being positiv ... | 2015 | 25951793 |
| first report of hepatitis e virus infection in sika deer in china. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a single stranded rna, nonenveloped virus, belongs to the genus hepevirus, in the family of hepeviridae. in this study, 46 (5.43%) out of the 847 serum samples from sika deer (cervus nippon) were detected as seropositive with hepatitis e virus (hev) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). these samples were collected from inner mongolia and jilin and heilongjiang provinces in china, between october 2012 and october 2013. seroprevalence of hev infection in male and ... | 2015 | 25949999 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis e virus infection among children in china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries, causing waterborne outbreaks as well as sporadic autochthonous hepatitis. china is usually considered to be a hev-endemic area, but the prevalence of hev infection in children in mainland china remains unclear. between may 2013 and july 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence and potential risk factors associated with the acquisition of hev inf ... | 2015 | 25940435 |
| [development and assessment of a chemiluminescence assay kit for detecting anti-hev igg]. | to develop an anti-hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) igg chemiluminescence assay kit and assess its clinical application. | 2015 | 25940294 |
| enhanced humoral response in pregnant mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant neutralizing epitope protein of hepatitis- e virus. | pregnant women from developing countries are at high-risk of hepatitis e-associated high mortality and constitute priority population for vaccination. so far, candidate vaccines have not been evaluated during pregnancy. we evaluated our vaccine candidate, recombinant neutralizing epitope protein (rnep) encapsulated in liposomes, in pregnant mice. | 2015 | 25935713 |
| generation of hepatitis e virus-like particles of two new genotypes g5 and g6 and comparison of antigenic properties with those of known genotypes. | in addition to the four major genotypes (g1 through g4) known for human hepatitis e virus (hev), two new genotypes (g5 and g6) were suggested, based on unique viral nucleotide sequences derived from wild boars in japan. it has been unknown whether the virus of these new genotypes can cause hepatitis in humans; neither g5 nor g6 hev has been found in patients to date. to study the antigenic properties of g5 and g6 hev, we expressed n-terminus-truncated hev orf2 protein by a recombinant baculoviru ... | 2015 | 25934534 |
| swine is a possible source of hepatitis e virus infection by comparative study of hepatitis a and e seroprevalence in thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developing countries are associated with contaminated food or water. although thailand is non-endemic for hev, sporadic infections may occur from zoonotic transmission. individuals between 7 months to 69 years (mean age = 32.8) from predominantly islamic narathiwat (n = 305) and swine farm-dense lop buri (n = 416) provinces were screened for anti-hev and anti-hav antibodies by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and automa ... | 2015 | 25927925 |
| monkeys and rats are not susceptible to ferret hepatitis e virus infection. | ferret hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel hepatitis e-like virus, has been identified in ferrets in the netherlands, japan, and the us. to determine whether ferret hev transmits to other animals, we inoculated laboratory rats (wistar), nude rats (long-evans-rnu/rnu), and cynomolgus monkeys with ferret hev (f4351) by intravenous injection. none of the animals demonstrated a positive sign for virus replication, indicating that rats and monkeys are not susceptible to ferret hev. | 2015 | 25925280 |
| the application of single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis in determining hepatitis e virus intra-host diversity. | genetic heterogeneity of rna populations influences virus pathogenesis, epidemiology and evolution. therefore, accurate information regarding virus genetic structure is highly important for both diagnostic and scientific purposes. for the hepatitis e virus (hev), the causal agent of hepatitis in humans, the intra-host population structure has been poorly investigated, mainly using the less sensitive rflp-based approach. the objective of this study was to assess the suitability and the accuracy o ... | 2015 | 25920567 |
| hepatitis e virus and related viruses in animals. | hepatitis e is an acute human liver disease in healthy individuals which may eventually become chronic. it is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev) and can have a zoonotic origin. nearly 57,000 people die yearly from hepatitis e-related conditions. the disease is endemic in both developing and developed countries with distinct epidemiologic profiles. in developing countries, the disease is associated with inadequate water treatment, while in developed countries, transmission is associated with a ... | 2017 | 25919649 |
| analysis of complete genome sequences and a v239a substitution in the helicase domain of swine hepatitis e virus strains isolated in canada. | among canadian swine hev strains, only one complete genome sequence has been published so far, and there are no data on the virulence of these strains. a collection of 28 canadian swine hev strains was used in this study. after rna extraction, a portion of orf2, the 3' end of the helicase domain, and two complete genomes were amplified and sequenced. these two new canadian complete genomes belonged to two different subtypes and showed 87.5 and 87.7% sequence identity to the canadian swine hev st ... | 2015 | 25916609 |
| hepatitis e virus infection as a possible cause of acute liver failure in europe. | in western countries, infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered to be rare and imported from endemic regions. however, the prevalence of hev infection has increased among adults in central europe. hev infection can cause acute liver failure (alf), but there have been only a few confirmed cases of hev-associated alf in europe. we investigated the number of cases of indeterminate alf associated with hev infection. | 2015 | 25912835 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus in swedish moose--a phylogenetic characterization and comparison of the virus from different regions. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infects a range of species, including humans, pigs, wild boars and deer. zoonotic transmission may contribute to the high hev seroprevalence in the human population of many countries. a novel divergent hev from moose (alces alces) in sweden was recently identified by partial genome sequencing. since only one strain was found, its classification within the hev family, prevalence in moose and zoonotic potential was unclear. we therefore investigated samples from 231 moose i ... | 2015 | 25906163 |
| presence of hepatitis e virus in a red deer (cervus elaphus) population in central italy. | hepatitis e is an acute human disease caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition to humans, hev has been detected in several animal species and is recognized as a zoonotic pathogen. pigs, wild boar and deer can be reservoir. in this study, we evaluated hev prevalence in a free-living red deer (cervus elaphus) population in central italy by detecting virus-specific antibodies and rna in sera. a total of 35 of 251 red deer sera were positive for anti-hev igg. hev rna was detected in 10 of ... | 2017 | 25892400 |
| enhanced mucosal immune responses induced by a combined candidate mucosal vaccine based on hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus structural proteins linked to tuftsin. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are the most common causes of infectious hepatitis. these viruses are spread largely by the fecal-oral route and lead to clinically important disease in developing countries. to evaluate the potential of targeting hepatitis a and e infection simultaneously, a combined mucosal candidate vaccine was developed with the partial open reading frame 2 (orf2) sequence (aa 368-607) of hev (he-orf2) and partial virus protein 1 (vp1) sequence (aa 1-198) o ... | 2015 | 25875115 |
| the hepatitis e virus orf1 'x-domain' residues form a putative macrodomain protein/appr-1″-pase catalytic-site, critical for viral rna replication. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) orf1 gene encodes the non-structural polyprotein wherein the 'x-domain' still remains poorly defined. cellular x-domain associated macrodomain protein/adp-ribose-1″-monophosphatase (appr-1″-pase) activities are also reported in coronaviruses (cov), including identification of its homologs in alpha and rubella viruses. the present study investigated the role(s) of x-domain residues in hev replication cycle. in silico analysis showed a high degree of evolutionary conser ... | 2015 | 25870943 |
| hepatitis e virus detection in liver tissue from patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is increasingly recognized as a cause of acute hepatitis in the industrialized world. we aimed to determine the frequency of acute hev infection in cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury (dili), mainly a diagnosis of exclusion. to this aim, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) liver tissues of all cases routinely processed in our institute during a 2 1/2 years period in which dili was among the differential diagnoses (157 liver biopsies, 1 liver explant ... | 2015 | 25870858 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus genome in pig livers in antioquia, colombia. | hepatitis e is a form of endemic acute hepatitis found in humans in many countries worldwide and is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev). detection of hev in pigs indicates that they may be carriers, possibly through zoonosis. the prevalence of hev in pigs in colombia is unknown. studies in the us found that 11% of pig livers sold in grocery stores are contaminated with hev. it is also known that hev can be inactivated when cooked, as it is labile to high temperatures. the aim of this study was ... | 2015 | 25867439 |
| outcome of hepatitis e virus infection in patients with inflammatory arthritides treated with immunosuppressants: a french retrospective multicenter study. | the clinical presentation and outcome of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in inflammatory rheumatic diseases are unknown. we aimed to investigate the severity of acute hev infection and the risk of chronic viral replication in patients with inflammatory arthritides treated with immunosuppressive drugs. all rheumatology and internal medicine practitioners belonging to the club rhumatismes et inflammation in france were sent newsletters asking for reports of hev infection and inflammatory arthrit ... | 2015 | 25860212 |
| [clinical characteristics of hepatitis e virus infection in patients with hematological malignancies]. | | 2015 | 25854474 |
| identification and fine mapping of nuclear and nucleolar localization signals within the human ribosomal protein s17. | human ribosomal protein s17 (rps17) is mutated in diamond-blackfan anemia (dba), a bone marrow disorder that fails to produce sufficient red blood cells leading to anemia. recently, an rps17 protein sequence was also found to be naturally inserted in the genome of hepatitis e virus (hev) from patients chronically-infected by hev. the role of rps17 in hev replication and pathogenesis remains unknown due to the lack of knowledge about how rps17 functions at a molecular level. understanding the bio ... | 2015 | 25853866 |
| acute ataxic neuropathy associated with hepatitis e virus infection. | | 2015 | 25847012 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in sheep from southern xinjiang, china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a causative agent of infectious hepatitis in animals and humans both in developing and developed countries. here, we collected 500 sheep sera and 75 raw sheep liver samples from a slaughterhouse in the southern part of the xinjiang region, china, along with 26 sera of butchers from the same slaughterhouse. all serum samples were tested for anti-hev antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. both serum and liver samples were evaluated for the presence of hev rna by ... | 2015 | 25833205 |
| expression and characterization of hepatitis e virus-like particles and non-virus-like particles from insect cells. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid antigen expressed in insect cell has been proposed as a candidate subunit vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis e. however, the expression and purification of hev virus-like particles (vlps) from insect cells have not been explored. we aimed to optimize the procedure to obtain hev vlps. in this study, two conformations of the hev capsid proteins were expressed in insect cells, vlps and non-vlps, and they were purified separately. the physicochemical propertie ... | 2016 | 25824972 |
| distribution and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in domestic animals and wildlife in croatia. | hepatitis e is becoming a growing health concern in european countries as an increase of sporadic human cases of unknown origin has been recorded lately. its causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is known to have zoonotic potential and thus the role of domestic and wild animals in the chain of viral spread should be considered when investigating risk factors and the epidemiology of the disease. a comprehensive survey based on viral rna detection was carried out in croatia including blood, sp ... | 2015 | 25820413 |
| declining prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies among danish blood donors. | the increasing incidence of reported hepatitis e cases in europe has focused attention on hepatitis e virus (hev) and the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to hev (anti-hev) among danish blood donors in 2013 and to compare it to previous studies in denmark. in addition we wanted to compare the relative reactivity of two different assays. | 2015 | 25819381 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis e in an urban area of bangladesh. | we investigated an outbreak of jaundice in urban bangladesh in 2010 to examine the cause and risk factors and assess the diagnostic utility of commercial assays. we classified municipal residents reporting jaundice during the preceding 4 weeks as probable hepatitis e cases and their neighbours without jaundice in the previous 6 months as probable controls. we tested the sera collected from probable cases and probable controls for igm anti-hepatitis e virus (hev), and the igm-negative sera for ig ... | 2015 | 25817821 |
| [neuralgic amyotrophy associated to hepatitis e virus infection]. | | 2015 | 25817452 |
| hepatitis e epidemic, biratnagar, nepal, 2014. | | 2015 | 25811975 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies, israel, 2009-2010. | we investigated prevalence of hepatitis e virus in a sample of the population of israel. the overall seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus was 10.6% (95% ci 8.4%-13.0%); age-adjusted prevalence was 7.6%. seropositivity was associated with age, arab ethnicity, low socioeconomic status, and birth in africa, asia, or the former soviet union. | 2015 | 25811302 |
| hepatitis e in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients in south-east italy. | to investigate the serovirological prevalence and clinical features of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in end-stage renal failure patients and in the healthy population. | 2015 | 25805933 |
| clinical features of hepatitis e virus infection in ibaraki, japan: autochthonous hepatitis e and acute-on-chronic liver failure. | hepatitis e caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) is a serious public health concern in developing countries where hev is mainly transmitted through contaminated water. recently, in industrialized countries, autochthonous hepatitis e, a porcine zoonosis, has been increasingly recognized. in japan, the number of national notifications of acute hepatitis e has increased since the introduction of anti-hev iga antibody measurement, covered by the national health insurance program, in 2011. in the past t ... | 2015 | 25797216 |
| structural basis for the neutralization of hepatitis e virus by a cross-genotype antibody. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded rna virus, is a major cause of enteric hepatitis. classified into the family hepeviridae, hev comprises four genotypes (genotypes 1-4), which belong to a single serotype. we describe a monoclonal antibody (mab), 8g12, which equally recognizes all four genotypes of hev, with ∼ 2.53-3.45 nm binding affinity. the mab 8g12 has a protective, neutralizing capacity, which can significantly block virus infection in host cells. ani ... | 2015 | 25793314 |
| late onset post-transfusion hepatitis e developing during chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia. | we herein report the case of a leukemia patient who developed hepatitis e seven months after undergoing a transfusion with contaminated blood products. the latency period in this case was significantly longer than that of typical hepatitis e. recently, chronic infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 has been reported in immunocompromised patients. there is a possibility that our patient was unable to eliminate the virus due to immunosuppression following chemotherapy and the administra ... | 2015 | 25786459 |
| full genome analysis of a european-type genotype 3 hepatitis e virus variant obtained from a japanese patient with autochthonous acute hepatitis e. | a unique european-type hev strain (he-ja12-0725) classifiable into subgenotype 3f was recovered from a 66-year-old japanese female with autochthonous acute hepatitis e, and its entire genomic sequence was determined and characterized. the he-ja12-0725 strain shared the highest identity of 92.7% with a spanish swine isolate (eu723514) over the entire genome and possessed a long hypervariable region sequence of 111 amino acids, identical to the 3f strains of european origin. the patient had consum ... | 2015 | 25777997 |
| hepatitis e virus: first description in a pet house rabbit. a new transmission route for human? | in this work, we identified for the first time hepatitis e virus (hev) in a pet house rabbit, an adult 7 years old female of domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). importantly, the resulting phylogenetic tree showed that the hev strain identified in the pet house rabbit was closely related to a human hev sequence; this finding reawakens concerns regarding the zoonotic risk represented by hev in animals and expands to house rabbit the spectrum of potential source of infection for humans. potent ... | 2015 | 25773737 |
| hepatitis e: a disease of reemerging importance. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. originally considered to be restricted to humans, it is now clear that hev and hev-like viruses have several animal reservoirs with complex ecology and genetic diversity, as exemplified by the recent discovery of hev in dromedaries, a previously underestimated reservoir of zoonotic viruses prior to the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. zoonotic foodborne transmission from pigs and feral ... | 2015 | 25773541 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus in populations of wild animals in comparison with animals bred in game enclosures. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is now accepted as a zoonotic virus, and domestic pigs, wild boars and deer are recognised as natural reservoirs of the pathogen. in this study, 762 animals (wild boars, fallow deer, red deer, sika deer, roe deer and mouflons) originating from the wild and from game enclosures were tested for the presence of hev rna by qrt-pcr. hev rna was detected in wild boars (96/450), red deer (2/169), roe deer (1/30) and mouflons (5/39). the sequence relationship between hev isolates ... | 2015 | 25771162 |
| hepatitis-e virus associated neuralgic amyotrophy with sustained plexus brachialis swelling visualized by high-resolution ultrasound. | | 2015 | 25769655 |
| experimental infection of pregnant rabbits with hepatitis e virus demonstrating high mortality and vertical transmission. | a high mortality rate of approximately 20% in pregnant women with hepatitis e has been reported in previous studies. however, other studies showed no difference between pregnant and nonpregnant women in the severity of hepatitis e. to determine the effects of hev infection on pregnancy, we successfully established hev infection in six pregnant rabbits (pr) and six nonpregnant rabbits (npr) with a rabbit hev isolate, taking three pr and one npr without hev infection as controls. tests for hev rna ... | 2015 | 25760656 |
| chronic hepatitis e resolved by reduced immunosuppression in pediatric kidney transplant patients. | at present, transient asymptomatic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is common among healthy adults in western europe, as reported by blood transfusion services. in immune-suppressed patients hev infection is often without clinical symptoms, but without therapeutic intervention it may become chronic and lead to cirrhosis. this report describes the course of chronic hev infection after kidney transplantation in 2 children, who cleared the virus after reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. if ami ... | 2015 | 25755234 |
| seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis e in blood donors in upper austria. | in recent years various studies showed, that hepatitis e virus (hev) is a growing public health problem in many developed countries. therefore, hev infections might bear a transmission risk by blood transfusions. the clinical relevance still requires further investigations. the aim of this study was to provide an overview of acute hev infections in upper austrian blood donors as well as a risk estimation of this transfusion-related infection. | 2015 | 25751574 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hev igg in 182 polish patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an emergent disease in developed countries. hev seroprevalence in such areas significantly exceeds values expected when one considers infection with this virus only as a problem restricted to classical endemic regions. to date, no related data are available in poland. in this study we aimed to obtain hev seroprevalence data and compare them with similar data for hepatitis a virus (hav) in polish patients. | 2015 | 25748623 |
| characterization of two novel linear b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) that are common to avian, swine, and human hevs. | antisera raised against the avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein are cross-reactive with human and swine hev capsid proteins. in this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the avian hev capsid protein, namely, 3e8 and 1b5, were shown to cross-react with the swine hev capsid protein. the motifs involved in binding both mabs were identified and characterized using phage display biopanning, peptide synthesis, and truncated or mutated protein expression, along with indirect enzyme- ... | 2015 | 25741007 |
| neuralgic amyotrophy complicating acute hepatitis e infection: a rare association. | hepatitis e virus infection (hev) is an emerging pathogen that is under-recognised in developed countries. preceding infection manifested by acute transaminitis has been associated with neurological manifestations, predominately involving the peripheral nervous system, even in immunocompetent patients. we present a case of a 65-year-old previously fit and well caucasian man with bilateral neuralgic amyotrophy (na) and acute transaminitis. serology testing for immunoglobulin (ig) m and g establis ... | 2015 | 25739795 |
| long-term efficacy of a hepatitis e vaccine. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis. the long-term efficacy of a hepatitis e vaccine needs to be determined. | 2015 | 25738667 |
| making hepatitis e a vaccine-preventable disease. | a hepatitis e vaccine could become a powerful new tool in the prevention and control of hepatitis e virus transmission and disease. most immediately, it can have a role in curbing outbreaks of hepatitis e in humanitarian crises. | 2015 | 25738664 |
| treatment with ribavirin of hepatitis e virus chronic infection in transplanted patients. | | 2015 | 25733048 |
| evaluation of an antigen-capture eia for the diagnosis of hepatitis e virus infection. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) has been developed for hepatitis e virus (hev) antigen (hev-ag) detection and marketed in china. this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the assay and assess the value of hev-ag detection in the diagnosis of hev infection in comparison with hev rna detection. using serial dilutions of a genotype 4 hev strain, significant correlation was found between the eia (s/co) and hev rna (iu/ml) concentration in the range 10(3.5) to 10(0.5) iu/ml hev rna, the pearson cor ... | 2015 | 25732029 |
| hepatitis e virus in hematopoietic stem cell donors: towards a systematic hev screening of donors? | | 2015 | 25727994 |
| a case of hepatitis e in a blood donor. | the threat of hepatitis e is being felt in blood banks in recent times. the disease is usually self-limiting, but may progress to a fulminant fatal form. we report a unique case of a hepatitis e virus (hev)-positive asymptomatic blood donor who later developed jaundice and informed the blood bank. a blood donor passed all eligibility criteria tests and donated blood. after 20 days, the blood bank was informed by the donor that he had developed vomiting and jaundice 1 day postdonation. he was inv ... | 2017 | 25722580 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus in chinese blood donors. | to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies and rna in voluntary blood donors, in china. | 2015 | 25710945 |
| successful treatment of hepatitis e virus-associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with ribavirin. | hepatitis e virus genotype-3 (hev3) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients and induce extra-hepatic manifestations, such as neurological symptoms, kidney injuries, and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. very few cases of hev-induced kidney manifestations have been reported. herein, we report, for the first time, a case of de novo membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis that occurred in a kidney transplant patient who developed a chronic hev3 infection, which was succe ... | 2015 | 25708383 |
| systematic serological testing for hepatitis e virus in kidney transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is endemic in europe and hyperendemic in southern france. recent reports of a high prevalence of hev rna in blood donations and in culinary specialties from this geographical area confirmed the endemicity of hev and sources of viral transmission in this geographical area. hev causes acute and chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant recipients. since march 2012, we have implemented systematic hev serological testing in our cohort of kidney transplant recipie ... | 2015 | 25694530 |
| mystery of hepatitis e virus: recent advances in its diagnosis and management. | mysterious aspects of the long presumed to be well-known hepatitis e virus (hev) have recently surfaced that distinguish it from other hepatotropic viruses. it is a cause of chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients. it has human to human transmission through blood and mantains high seroprevalence in blood donors. hev has also been found to occur more frequently in the west in those without a history of travel to endemic countries. it has varied extrahepatic manifestations and has multiple ... | 2015 | 25692043 |
| surveillance of hepatitis e virus contamination in shellfish in china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been confirmed to be a zoonotic virus of worldwide distribution. hev contamination in the water environment has not been well examined in china. the objective of this study was to evaluate hev contamination in shellfish in a coastal area of china. such contamination would be significant for evaluating public health risks. | 2015 | 25689991 |
| presence of human and animal viruses in surface waters in vojvodina province of serbia. | for the first time in serbia, a small surveillance study was conducted in order to estimate the presence and frequency of occurrence of selected human [adenoviruses (hadv), noroviruses, (nov gi, nov gii) and hepatitis a virus (hav)], animal [porcine adenovirus (padv) and bovine polyomavirus (bpyv)] and zoonotic [hepatitis e virus (hev)] viruses in selected surface waters. in total, 60 surface water samples were collected in two sampling occasions at 30 locations, with each sampling time being se ... | 2015 | 25687987 |
| hepatitis e in a food handler--a rapid risk assessment to guide the public health response. | the australian capital territory health directorate was notified of a food handler with hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. to guide the public health response, a rapid risk assessment was undertaken to determine the risk of transmission of hev from the infected food handler to restaurant patrons. | 2015 | 25685598 |
| a scoping review of the evidence for public health risks of three emerging potentially zoonotic viruses: hepatitis e virus, norovirus, and rotavirus. | emerging zoonoses are defined as those newly recognized, or increasing in incidence or geographic range. hepatitis e virus (hev), norovirus (nov), and rotavirus (rv), while well known to be transmitted person-person, have also been hypothesized to be emerging zoonoses. our objective was to investigate their potential public health risks from animal reservoirs. given the diversity of evidence sources, a scoping review incorporating a mixed methods synthesis approach was used. a broad search was c ... | 2015 | 25681862 |
| xenotransplantation and hepatitis e virus. | xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms to the human recipient. some of these microorganisms may induce a zoonosis, that is an infectious disease induced by microorganisms transmitted from another species. with exception of the porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs), which are integrated in the genome of all pigs, the transmission of all other microorganisms can be prevented by specified or designated pathogen-fre ... | 2015 | 25676629 |
| acute liver failure in pregnancy: causative and prognostic factors. | acute liver failure (alf) in pregnancy is often associated with a poor prognosis. in this single-center observational study we aim to study the incidence, causes, and factors affecting mortality in pregnant women with alf. | 2017 | 25672236 |
| hepatitis e virus infection presenting with paraesthesia. | hepatitis e virus infection is an emerging disease in developed countries. acute and chronic infection has been reported, with chronic infection being increasingly reported in immunocompromised patients. neurological disorders are an emerging manifestation of both acute and chronic hepatitis e virus infection. we report a 77-year-old female presented with paraesthesia and was found to have abnormal liver function tests. serology was found to be positive for hepatitis e virus igm, igg and rna. li ... | 2015 | 25663032 |
| [the emergence of the universal hepatitis e virus]. | | 2015 | 25662036 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both enterically transmitted, resulting in acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries. they pose major health problems in our country. this study was done to determine prevalence of hav and hev in patients presenting with avh and the co-infection of hav and hev in these patients. | 2015 | 25657123 |
| a survey on the status of hepatitis e virus infection among slaughterhouse workers in south korea. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) among high-risk groups overseas is high, but studies in these groups are rare in south korea. we conducted the present study from april to november 2012 to obtain data on the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for hev among slaughterhouse workers in south korea. | 2015 | 25652711 |
| [hepatitis e virus]. | hev is a small non-enveloped rna virus that is associated to lipids in the blood of infected individuals. the genera orthohepevirus recently proposed includes the zoonotic mammals strains. the other strains of the family hepeviridae are not transmissible to humans. the diagnosis of hev infection should be considered in any patient with serum alt elevation. the diagnosis of hev infection in immunocompetent patients relies on detecting igm antibodies in the blood. the diagnosis of hev infection in ... | 2015 | 25650296 |
| variability of hepatitis e serologic assays in a pediatric liver transplant recipient: challenges to diagnosing hepatitis e virus infection in the united states. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis among immunocompromised individuals in developed countries. yet the diagnosis of hev infection in the united states remains challenging, because of the variable sensitivity and specificity of currently available tests, and the lack of a us food and drug administration-approved test. we report a case of multiple discordant hev serology results in a pediatric liver transplant recipient with idiopathic hepatitis, and review the challen ... | 2015 | 25648626 |
| [treatment of hepatitis e virus infection]. | the reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is the first-line therapeutic option in transplant-patients with chronic hepatitis e virus infection. pegylated-interferon has been used for treating hepatitis e virus infection. ribavirin alone is the treatment of choice of hepatitis e virus infection. ribavirin is efficient for treating chronic hepatitis e in transplant patients, hiv patients, and hematology patients receiving or not chemotherapy. ribavirin should be given to patients presenting hepat ... | 2015 | 25639626 |
| [epidemiology of hepatitis e: a (re) emerging disease?]. | hepatitis e virus (vhe) is a rna, non-enveloped, enterically transmitted virus. vhe is present all around the world, with different distribution of its genotypes. vhe of genotypes 1 and 2 predominate in asia, africa and in mexico, responsible for outbreaks transmitted through contaminated water, with an increased mortality in pregnant women. genotype 3 vhe are globally distributed, with an animal reservoir (swine mainly) endemic in high-income countries. they are transmitted by the ingestion of ... | 2015 | 25639625 |
| regeneration of recombinant antigen microarrays for the automated monitoring of antibodies against zoonotic pathogens in swine sera. | the ability to regenerate immobilized proteins like recombinant antigens (rags) on surfaces is an unsolved problem for flow-based immunoassays on microarray analysis systems. the regeneration on microarray chip surfaces is achieved by changing the protein structures and desorption of antibodies. afterwards, reactivation of immobilized protein antigens is necessary for reconstitution processes. any backfolding should be managed in a way that antibodies are able to detect the protein antigens in t ... | 2015 | 25625908 |
| experimental infection of z:zcla mongolian gerbils with human hepatitis e virus. | to investigate whether z:zcla mongolian gerbils are readily susceptible to infection by human hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2015 | 25624719 |
| pregnancy serum facilitates hepatitis e virus replication in vitro. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes high mortality in pregnant women. however, the pathogenic mechanisms of hev infection in pregnant women remain unknown. in this study, the roles of pregnancy serum in hev infection were investigated using an efficient cell culture system. hev infection was exacerbated by supplementing with pregnancy serum, especially theat in third trimester of pregnancy. oestrogen receptors (er-α and er-β) were activated in cells supplemented with pregnancy serum and wer ... | 2015 | 25614592 |
| the lysine residues within the human ribosomal protein s17 sequence naturally inserted into the viral nonstructural protein of a unique strain of hepatitis e virus are important for enhanced virus replication. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important but extremely understudied human pathogen. due largely to the lack of an efficient cell culture system for hev, the molecular mechanisms of hev replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood. recently, a unique genotype 3 strain of hev recovered from a chronically infected patient was adapted for growth in hepg2c3a human hepatoma cells. the adaptation of the kernow c-1 p6 hev to propagate in hepg2c3a cells selected for a rare virus recombinant that con ... | 2015 | 25609799 |
| [hepatitis e virus: opinions of the working group of the federal ministry of health blood]. | | 2015 | 25608627 |
| hev infection in two referral centers in spain: epidemiology and clinical outcomes. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the major causes of icteric hepatitis worldwide. in industrialized countries it is considered an emerging disease, as a growing number of autochthonous cases have been reported in recent years. occasional extrahepatic manifestations have been described in the setting of hev infection. | 2015 | 25600611 |
| the intergenic-junction variant (genotype 2 isolate) of hepatitis e virus restores the crex 'stem-loop' structural integrity, essential for viral life cycle. | among the known human hev strains (genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4), the genotype 2 mexican isolate has two 'double-base' substitutions (5'u5100g5101→cu/3'c5117u5118→gg) flanking the conserved cis-reactive element (cre) in the intergenic-junction sequences. while the 'c5100u5101' natural mutations in the upstream orf1 coding region replace 'alanine' for the conserved 'valine', the 'g5117g5118' doublet resides in the downstream non-coding/promoter region of orf3 gene. though a stable 'stem-loop' structur ... | 2015 | 25597766 |
| construction of an infectious cdna clone of genotype 1 avian hepatitis e virus: characterization of its pathogenicity in broiler breeders and demonstration of its utility in studying the role of the hypervariable region in virus replication. | a full-length infectious cdna clone of the genotype 1 korean avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) (pt11-ahev-k) was constructed and its infectivity and pathogenicity were investigated in leghorn male hepatoma (lmh) chicken cells and broiler breeders. we demonstrated that capped rna transcripts from the pt11-ahev-k clone were translation competent when transfected into lmh cells and infectious when injected intrahepatically into the livers of chickens. gross and microscopic pathological lesions un ... | 2015 | 25593160 |
| zoonotic origin of hepatitis e. | the concept of zoonotic viral hepatitis e has emerged a few years ago following the discovery of animal strains of hepatitis e virus (hev), closely related to human hev, in countries where sporadic cases of hepatitis e were autochthonous. recent advances in the identification of animal reservoirs of hev have confirmed that strains circulating in domestic and wild pigs are genetically related to strains identified in indigenous human cases. the demonstration of hev contamination in the food chain ... | 2015 | 25588602 |
| constant hepatitis e virus (hev) circulation in wild boar and red deer in spain: an increasing concern source of hev zoonotic transmission. | hepatitis e is a viral zoonosis that affects multiple hosts. the complete dynamics of infection in wildlife are still unknown, but the previous fact facilitates the maintenance and circulation of the virus, posing a risk to human health in the case of meat consumption from susceptible animals. in spain, it has been shown how domestic pigs, cattle and wildlife (i.e. wild boar and red deer) clearly interact in hunting farms, generating a complex epidemiological situation in terms of interspecies p ... | 2016 | 25571944 |
| hepatitis e virus in young pigs in finland and characterization of the isolated partial genomic sequences of genotype 3 hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections occur in swine worldwide. the porcine infection is usually subclinical, but hev genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic agents that cause sporadic, indigenous human cases of hepatitis e. the aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence and dynamics of hev infections in young pigs by analyzing a total of 273 fecal samples collected from six farrowing farms, to genetically characterize the hev isolates obtained, and to examine the phylogenetic relationships of he ... | 2015 | 25568927 |
| hepatitis e virus: do locally acquired infections in australia necessitate laboratory testing in acute hepatitis patients with no overseas travel history? | hepatitis e virus (hev) is emerging as a global public health threat. water-borne hev outbreaks are common in developing countries and are associated with genotypes 1 and 2. in industrialised countries, sporadic cases of zoonotic transmission associated with genotypes 3 and 4 are increasingly being reported. transfusion- and transplantation-transmitted hev have been documented, although ingestion of contaminated food is thought to be the major transmission route. severe disease is possible and c ... | 2015 | 25560836 |
| preliminary molecular epidemiological investigation of hepatitis e virus sequences from québec, canada. | our study objective was to describe the canadian hepatitis e virus (hev) sequences currently cataloged in genbank from three populations: commercially raised pigs, retail pork, and locally acquired hepatitis e cases, and to interpret the molecular evidence they provide. we searched the genbank for any/all canadian hev sequences from these populations, and identified highly similar matches using the basic local alignment search tool (blast) algorithm, studying sequences of the partial orf2 gene. ... | 2015 | 25555901 |
| hepatitis e virus in developed countries: one of the most successful zoonotic viral diseases in human history? | until recently, hepatitis e was thought to be largely confined to hyperendemic areas in asia, africa and mexico. over the last 10 years it has become clear that this is not the case, as it is surprisingly common in developed countries. in these settings, it is caused by hev genotypes 3 and 4, and is a porcine zoonosis. it causes a range of human illness including acute and chronic hepatitis, and a spectrum of neurological injury. hev rna has been found in donated blood from an increasing number ... | 2015 | 27482393 |
| frequent hepatitis e in the netherlands without traveling or immunosuppression. | in several western countries, silent endemic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is common among blood donors. immunocompromised persons may develop chronic hepatitis e, but the relevance of endemic hev for immunocompetent persons remains largely unknown. we investigated the immune status and travel history in cases of hepatitis e in the netherlands. | 2015 | 25542468 |
| genome-wide comparisons of phylogenetic similarities between partial genomic regions and the full-length genome in hepatitis e virus genotyping. | besides the complete genome, different partial genomic sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) have been used in genotyping studies, making it difficult to compare the results based on them. no commonly agreed partial region for hev genotyping has been determined. in this study, we used a statistical method to evaluate the phylogenetic performance of each partial genomic sequence from a genome wide, by comparisons of evolutionary distances between genomic regions and the full-length genomes of 101 ... | 2014 | 25542033 |
| a valuable antigen detection method for diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a serious public health problem. the commonly used tests that are specific for current hev infection diagnosis include the detection of anti-hev igm and hev rna. here, we report an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method for hev antigen detection with a linear range equivalent to 6.3 × 10(3) to 9.2 × 10(5) rna copies per ml. the monoclonal antibody (mab) 12f12, a high-ability mab that binds hev virus, was selected as the capture antibody from a panel ... | 2015 | 25540394 |