| fitness of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza a viruses. | antiviral drugs are important components for the control of influenza. the key question is whether antiviral use or natural virus evolution will lead to the emergence of drug-resistant virus with comparable or superior fitness to drug-susceptible counterpart. currently, neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) are the first choice for influenza prevention and treatment. in this article we will review complex process of the risk assessment for the fitness of nais-resistant seasonal h1n1 and h3n2, pan ... | 2011 | 22440915 |
| positive selection for gains of n-linked glycosylation sites in hemagglutinin during evolution of h3n2 human influenza a virus. | the number of n-linked glycosylation sites in the globular head of hemagglutinin (ha) has increased during evolution of h3n2 human influenza a virus. here natural selection operating on the gains of n-linked glycosylation sites was examined by using the single-site analysis and the single-substitution analysis. in the single-site analysis, positive selection was not inferred at the amino acid sites where the substitutions generating n-linked glycosylation sites were observed, but was detected at ... | 2011 | 22362027 |
| virological surveillance and antiviral resistance of human influenza virus in argentina, 2005-2008. | to describe the virological characteristics of the influenza strains circulating in argentina in 2005-2008 and to assess the prevalence of antiviral resistance. | 2011 | 22358415 |
| [a survey of levels of antibodies against influenza viruses in the population of wuxi city]. | to investigate levels of antibodies against type a and type c influenza viruses and those against the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus (before and after the 2009 h1n1 pandemic) among residents in wuxi. to compare levels of antibodies against the 2009 h1n1 influenza virus (one year after the pandemic) in the unvaccinated population with those in the population who received vaccine. | 2011 | 22338222 |
| markers for predicting death as an outcome for mice used in infectious disease research. | our goal in this study was to identify objective criteria that could be used to predict an outcome of death in mice subjected to experimental inoculation with infectious organisms. we conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected from 4 independent studies that used several infectious agents (influenza virus strains a/hk/x31[h3n2] and a/puerto rico/8/34[h1n1], streptococcus pneumoniae, and candida albicans) and mouse strains (a/j, dba/2j, c57bl/6j, balb/cbyj). postinoculation periods rang ... | 2011 | 22330575 |
| phylogenetic comparison of influenza virus isolates from three medical centers in tehran with the vaccine strains during 2008-2009. | background: influenza virus is a major infectious pathogen of the respiratory system causing a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. the worldwide vaccines are decided and produced annually by world health organization and licensed companies based on the samples collected from all over the world. the aim of this study was to determine phylogenecity and heterogenecity of the circulating influenza isolates during 2008-2009 outbreaks in tehran, compare them with the vaccine strains that ... | 2011 | 23359291 |
| [molecular diagnosis of influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus and other respiratory viruses during the first pandemic wave in cuba]. | the first pandemic virus of the 21st century - the influenza a (h1n1)/2009 virus-appeared in mexico in april 2009 after triple reassortment of influenza strains of avian, human and pig origin and from there, it was spread worldwide. with the purpose of facing up to this event, cuba adopted antipandemic measures including the virology surveillance using all necessary actions. | 2011 | 23437523 |
| [severe acute respiratory infection in cuban patients during the influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in cuba, 2009]. | on april 2009, the mexican health authorities reported increased hospitalization indexes caused by pneumonia with high mortality rates to the pan-american health organization (paho). the national epidemiological surveillance system of mexico noticed that this increase mainly occurred in the 20-40 year old population. a new type of swine influenza a (h1n1) virus was identified by laboratory studies as the etiological agent of the first pandemic of the 21st century. on april 26 2009, the national ... | 2011 | 23437534 |
| ostrich produce cross-reactive neutralization antibodies against pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1 following immunization with a seasonal influenza vaccine. | an outbreak of influenza in 2009 was found to be caused by a novel strain of influenza virus designated as pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009. vaccination with recent seasonal influenza vaccines induced little or no cross-reactive antibody response to the pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1 2009 in any age group in human populations. accordingly, most people had low immunity against this pathogen, thus resulting in the worldwide spread of the infection to produce a so-called 'pandemic'. this report pres ... | 2011 | 22977467 |
| tracking oseltamivir-resistance in new zealand influenza viruses during a medicine reclassification in 2007, a resistant-virus importation in 2008 and the 2009 pandemic. | oseltamivir (tamiflu®) is an important pharmaceutical intervention against the influenza virus. the importance of surveillance for resistance to oseltamivir has been highlighted by two global events: the emergence of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza a(h1n1) virus in 2008, and emergence of the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus in 2009. oseltamivir is a prescription medicine in new zealand, but more timely access has been provided since 2007 by allowing pharmacies to directly dispense oselta ... | 2012 | 23908945 |
| respiratory virus laboratory pandemic planning and surveillance in central viet nam, 2008-2010. | laboratory capacity is needed in central viet nam to provide early warning to public health authorities of respiratory outbreaks of importance to human health, for example the outbreak of influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in 2009. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures established as part of a capacity-building process were used to conduct prospective respiratory surveillance in a region where few previous studies have been undertaken. | 2012 | 23908924 |
| [analysis on pathogen detection for 53 influenza outbreaks]. | in order to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control, analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza outbreaks in xuzhou area during 2005-2011. | 2012 | 23627018 |
| [etiological analysis of influenza surveillance data in xuzhou from 2005 to 2011]. | to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of influenza viruses in xuzhou city from 2005 to 2011 and to provide the scientific supports for influenza prevention and control in this religion. | 2012 | 23627016 |
| [characterization of influenza virus reassortants based on new donor strain a/hk/1/68/162/35(h3n2)]. | influenza reassortant viruses a/spb/hk/09(h1n1), a/astana/hk/2009 (h5n1), a/otar/hk/2010(h3n8), and a/perth/ hk/2011(h3n2), carrying surface antigens of different subtypes, were constructed on the basis of new potential unified donor strain a/hk/1/68/162/35(h3n2). the virulence and reproduction activity of the obtained reassortants were tested. the safety of the candidate live and inactivated influenza vaccines produced from the reassortant viruses was demonstrated. the study demonstrates that a ... | 2012 | 23477254 |
| [genetic diversity and molecular evolution of the influenza a viruses in russia during 2006-2012]. | the results of molecular genetic analysis of more than 280 strains of influenza a virus subtypes h1n1 and h3n2 circulating in russia in 2006-2012 are presented. the genetic changes underlying the evolution of the virus strains and sensitivity to antiviral drugs were analyzed. significant changes in the genetic structure of influenza a viruses circulating in the russian federation and their phylogenetic affiliation are shown to occur within the studied period. the studies identifying codons under ... | 2012 | 23477253 |
| [development of influenza surveillance in russia in the system of the who national influenza center]. | analysis of development influenza activity season 2010-2011 is presented. significant participation of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus and influenza b of victoria lineage virus in the epidemic morbidity structure with minor participation ofa(h3n2) virus was revealed. the influenza viruses isolated in russia according to antigenic properties were similar to the strains included in the vaccine composition. drift variants of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses isolated in astrakhan and st.-petersburg were ... | 2012 | 23477249 |
| [characterization of cold-adapted influenza strain a/hongkong/1/68/162/35 as a potential donor of attenuation and high reproduction]. | live and inactivated vaccines are currently produced using virus reassortants originating from various gene donors of internal proteins. based on the pandemic virus a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), a cold-adapted thermo-sensitive strain a/hong kong/1/68/162/35 was generated. it is distinguished for its high reproductive capacity (9-9.5 lg eid50), and hemagglutinating activity (1:1024-1:2048). the strain has ts and ca phenotype: reproductive capacity at t = 39 degrees c is 1.0 lg eid50; at t = 26 degrees ... | 2012 | 23477248 |
| effect of statin treatments on highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1, seasonal and h1n1pdm09 virus infections in balb/c mice. | statins are used to control elevated cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia, but have previously been reported to have antiviral properties. aims: to show efficacy of statins in various influenza virus mouse models. materials & methods: balb/c mice were treated intraperitoneally or orally with several types of statins (simvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin) at various concentrations before or after infection with either influenza a/duck/ mn/1525/81 h5n1 vir ... | 2012 | 23420457 |
| genetic analysis of avian influenza viruses: cocirculation of avian influenza viruses with allele a and b nonstructural gene in northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan. | the pandemic influenza virus strains of 1918 (h1n1), 1957 (h2n2), 1968 (h3n2), and 2009 (h1n1) have genes related to avian influenza viruses (aivs). the nonstructural (ns) gene of aivs plays a significant role in host-viral interaction. however, little is known about the degree of diversity of this gene in northern pintail (anas acuta) ducks wintering in japan. this study describes characteristics of pintail-originated h1n1, h1n2, h1n3, h5n2, h5n3, h5n9, and h7n7 viruses. most of the viruses wer ... | 2012 | 23320157 |
| replication of swine and human influenza viruses in juvenile and layer turkey hens. | since the first reported isolation of swine influenza viruses (sivs) in turkeys in the 1980s, transmission of sivs to turkeys was frequently documented. recently, the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus, that was thought to be of swine origin, was detected in turkeys with a severe drop in egg production. in this study, we assessed the infectivity of different mammalian influenza viruses including swine, pandemic h1n1 and seasonal human influenza viruses in both juvenile and layer turkeys. in addition, we i ... | 2012 | 23305617 |
| components of selection in the evolution of the influenza virus: linkage effects beat inherent selection. | the influenza virus is an important human pathogen, with a rapid rate of evolution in the human population. the rate of homologous recombination within genes of influenza is essentially zero. as such, where two alleles within the same gene are in linkage disequilibrium, interference between alleles will occur, whereby selection acting upon one allele has an influence upon the frequency of the other. we here measured the relative importance of selection and interference effects upon the evolution ... | 2012 | 23300444 |
| phylodynamic inference and model assessment with approximate bayesian computation: influenza as a case study. | a key priority in infectious disease research is to understand the ecological and evolutionary drivers of viral diseases from data on disease incidence as well as viral genetic and antigenic variation. we propose using a simulation-based, bayesian method known as approximate bayesian computation (abc) to fit and assess phylodynamic models that simulate pathogen evolution and ecology against summaries of these data. we illustrate the versatility of the method by analyzing two spatial models descr ... | 2012 | 23300420 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and inactive carriers of hepatitis b virus infection. | influenza can causes morbidity and mortality that are greatly enhanced in patients with underlying chronic diseases such as cirrhotic patients. this study was performed to assess the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and inactive carriers of hepatitis b virus infection. | 2012 | 23285414 |
| robust immunity and heterologous protection against influenza in mice elicited by a novel recombinant np-m2e fusion protein expressed in e. coli. | the 23-amino acid extracellular domain of matrix 2 protein (m2e) and the internal nucleoprotein (np) of influenza are highly conserved among viruses and thus are promising candidate antigens for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. various m2e- or np-based dna or viral vector vaccines have been shown to have high immunogenicity; however, high cost, complicated immunization procedures, and vector-specific antibody responses have restricted their applications. immunization with an np- ... | 2012 | 23285063 |
| susceptibility of human h3n2 influenza virus to oseltamivir in south korea, 2009-2011. | during the 2009-2011 influenza seasons, 10.26% of the specimens isolated from patients in south korea were subtyped as h3n2 viruses. some oseltamivir-sensitive h3n2 samples exhibited different plaque morphologies, and were found to have novel mutations in the neuraminidase gene. in a subsequent analysis using na mutant viruses, viral compensation against oseltamivir treatment was observed only in the n2 mutant virus. all things considered, these novel mutations may account for the exclusive char ... | 2012 | 23274998 |
| influenza a virus nucleoprotein derived from escherichia coli or recombinant vaccinia (tiantan) virus elicits robust cross-protection in mice. | immunity to conserved viral antigens is an attractive approach to develop a universal vaccine against epidemic and pandemic influenza. a nucleoprotein (np)-based vaccine has been explored and preliminary studies have shown promise. however, no study has explored the immunity and cross-protective efficacy of recombinant np derived from escherichia coli compared with recombinant vaccinia virus (tiantan). | 2012 | 23272943 |
| comparative study of pandemic (h1n1) 2009, swine h1n1, and avian h3n2 influenza viral infections in quails. | quail has been proposed to be an intermediate host of influenza a viruses. however, information on the susceptibility and pathogenicity of pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1) and swine influenza viruses in quails is limited. in this study, the pathogenicity, virus shedding, and transmission characteristics of ph1n1, swine h1n1 (swh1n1), and avian h3n2 (dkh3n2) influenza viruses in quails was examined. three groups of 15 quails were inoculated with each virus and evaluated for clinical signs, virus sheddi ... | 2012 | 23271181 |
| immune responses and protective efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing ha1 genes of h3n2 and h1n1 swine influenza virus in mice and pigs. | the recombinant swine poxvirus rspv/h3-2a-h1 co-expressing ha1 genes of h3n2 and h1n1 subtype siv has been constructed and identified. inoculations of rspv/h3-2a-h1 yielded elisa and neutralization antibodies against siv h1n1 and h3n2, and elicited potent h1n1 and h3n2 siv-specific inf-γ response from t-lymphocytes in mice and pigs in this study. complete protection against siv h1n1 or h3n2 challenge in pigs was observed. | 2012 | 23265244 |
| induction of anti-influenza immunity by modified green fluorescent protein (gfp) carrying hemagglutinin-derived epitope structure. | the development of vaccination methods that can overcome the emergence of new types of influenza strains caused by escape mutations is desirable to avoid future pandemics. here, a novel type of immunogen was designed that targeted the conformation of a highly conserved region of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) composed of two separate sequences that associate to form an anti-parallel β-sheet structure. our previous study identified this β-sheet region as the structural core in the epitope o ... | 2012 | 23264630 |
| unique gangliosides synthesized in vitro by sialyltransferases from marine bacteria and their characterization: ganglioside synthesis by bacterial sialyltransferases. | on the basis of the results outlined in our previous report, bacterial sialyltransferases (st) from marine sources were further characterized using glycosphingolipids (gsl), especially ganglio-series gsls, based on the enzymatic characteristics and kinetic parameters obtained by line weaver-burk plots. among them, ga1 and ga2 were found to be good substrates for these unique sts. thus, new gangliosides synthesized by α2-3 and α2-6sts were structurally characterized by several analytical procedur ... | 2013 | 23220479 |
| protection against multiple influenza a virus strains induced by candidate recombinant vaccine based on heterologous m2e peptides linked to flagellin. | matrix 2 protein ectodomain (m2e) is considered a promising candidate for a broadly protective influenza vaccine. m2e-based vaccines against human influenza a provide only partial protection against avian influenza viruses because of differences in the m2e sequences. in this work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining equal protection and immune response by using recombinant protein on the basis of flagellin as a carrier of the m2e peptides of human and avian influenza a viruses. recombinant ... | 2015 | 25799221 |
| diversity in compartmental dynamics of gene regulatory networks: the immune response in primary influenza a infection in mice. | current approaches to study transcriptional profiles post influenza infection typically rely on tissue sampling from one or two sites at a few time points, such as spleen and lung in murine models. in this study, we infected female c57/bl6 mice intranasally with mouse-adapted h3n2/hong kong/x31 avian influenza a virus, and then analyzed the gene expression profiles in four different compartments (blood, lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleen) over 11 consecutive days post infection. these dat ... | 2015 | 26413862 |
| multiple influenza a (h3n2) mutations conferring resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in a bone marrow transplant recipient. | immunocompromised patients are predisposed to infections caused by influenza virus. influenza virus may produce considerable morbidity, including protracted illness and prolonged viral shedding in these patients, thus prompting higher doses and prolonged courses of antiviral therapy. this approach may promote the emergence of resistant strains. characterization of neuraminidase (na) inhibitor (nai)-resistant strains of influenza a virus is essential for documenting causes of resistance. in this ... | 2014 | 25246391 |
| viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adolescents and adults with mild or moderate severity and its relation to age and severity. | better knowledge of distribution of respiratory viruses (rvs) in adolescents and adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is needed. | 2015 | 25812108 |
| respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the 2013 hajj. | pilgrims returning from the hajj might contribute to international spreading of respiratory pathogens. nasal and throat swab specimens were obtained from 129 pilgrims in 2013 before they departed from france and before they left saudi arabia, and tested by pcr for respiratory viruses and bacteria. overall, 21.5% and 38.8% of pre-hajj and post-hajj specimens, respectively, were positive for ≥1 virus (p = 0.003). one third (29.8%) of the participants acquired ≥1 virus, particularly rhinovirus (14. ... | 2014 | 25341199 |
| the association of meningococcal disease with influenza in the united states, 1989-2009. | prior influenza infection is a risk factor for invasive meningococcal disease. quantifying the fraction of meningococcal disease attributable to influenza could improve understanding of viral-bacterial interaction and indicate additional health benefits to influenza immunization. | 2014 | 25265409 |
| an intranasal proteosome-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine is safe, immunogenic & efficacious in the human viral influenza challenge model. serum igg & mucosal iga are important correlates of protection against illness associated with infection. | a proteosome-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (p-tiv) administered intra-nasally was shown to be safe, well tolerated and immunogenic in both systemic and mucosal compartments, and effective at preventing illness associated with evidence of influenza infection. | 2016 | 28005959 |
| innate immune response to a h3n2 subtype swine influenza virus in newborn porcine trachea cells, alveolar macrophages, and precision-cut lung slices. | viral respiratory diseases remain of major importance in swine breeding units. swine influenza virus (siv) is one of the main known contributors to infectious respiratory diseases. the innate immune response to swine influenza viruses has been assessed in many previous studies. however most of these studies were carried out in a single-cell population or directly in the live animal, in all its complexity. in the current study we report the use of a trachea epithelial cell line (newborn pig trach ... | 2014 | 24712747 |
| influenza virus vaccine for neglected hosts: horses and dogs. | this study provides information regarding vaccine research and the epidemiology of influenza virus in neglected hosts (horses and dogs). equine influenza virus (eiv) causes a highly contagious disease in horses and other equids, and outbreaks have occurred worldwide. eiv has resulted in costly damage to the horse industry and has the ability of cross the host species barrier from horses to dogs. canine influenza is a virus of equine or avian origin and infects companion animals that live in clos ... | 2016 | 27489801 |
| canine influenza virus coinfection with staphylococcus pseudintermedius enhances bacterial colonization, virus load and clinical presentation in mice. | canine influenza virus (civ) and staphylococcus pseudintermedius (sp) are pathogens that cause respiratory disease in dogs. considering bacterial infections following influenza are a leading cause of illness and death, it is of particular meaning to investigate the interaction between these two pathogens. in this study, balb/c mice were used as a mouse model to assess whether inoculation with civ h3n2 followed by s. pseudintermedius 72 h later resulted in exacerbation of disease. disease was cha ... | 2016 | 27259293 |
| reconstruction of h3n2 influenza virus based virosome in-vitro. | virosomes are virus like particles (vlp) assembled in-vitro. influenza virosomes maintain the cell binding and membrane fusion activity of the wild type virus but are devoid of viral genetic material or internal proteins. influenza virosomes mimic the natural antigen presentation route of the influenza virus. | 0 | 23825736 |
| intracytoplasmic trapping of influenza virus by a lipophilic derivative of aglycoristocetin. | we report on a new anti-influenza virus agent, sa-19, a lipophilic glycopeptide derivative consisting of aglycoristocetin coupled to a phenylbenzyl-substituted cyclobutenedione. in madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, or b virus, sa-19 displayed a 50% antivirally effective concentration of 0.60 μm and a selectivity index (ratio of cytotoxic versus antiviral concentration) of 112. sa-19 was 11-fold more potent than unsubstituted aglycoristocetin and was active i ... | 2012 | 22740402 |
| a novel small molecule inhibitor of influenza a viruses that targets polymerase function and indirectly induces interferon. | influenza viruses continue to pose a major public health threat worldwide and options for antiviral therapy are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains. the antiviral cytokine, interferon (ifn) is an essential mediator of the innate immune response and influenza viruses, like many viruses, have evolved strategies to evade this response, resulting in increased replication and enhanced pathogenicity. a cell-based assay that monitors ifn production was developed and applied in a hi ... | 2012 | 22577360 |
| variations in ph sensitivity, acid stability, and fusogenicity of three influenza virus h3 subtypes. | influenza a virus strains adapt to achieve successful entry into host species. entry is mediated by the viral membrane protein hemagglutinin (ha), which triggers membrane fusion and genome release under acidic conditions in the endosome. in addition to changes in the receptor binding domain, the acid stability of ha has been linked to the successful transmission of virus between avian and human hosts. however, to fully understand the connection between changes in ha and host tropism, additional ... | 2014 | 25320308 |
| activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase upon influenza a virus (iav) infection is independent of pathogen-related receptors but dependent on amino acid sequence variations of iav ns1. | a hallmark cell response to influenza a virus (iav) infections is the phosphorylation and activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk). however, so far it is not fully clear which molecules are involved in the activation of jnk upon iav infection. here, we report that the transfection of influenza viral-rna induces jnk in a retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-dependent manner. however, neither rig-i-like receptors nor myd88-dependent toll-like receptors were found to be involved in the activat ... | 2014 | 24872593 |
| serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in laos. | we conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis e virus (hev), nipah virus (niv), and swine influenza virus (siv), in laos. we collected blood from pigs at slaughter during may 2008-january 2009 in four northern provinces. japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 71.5-77.9%), jev igm seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% ci = 1.2-3.2%), and hev seroprev ... | 0 | 22665622 |
| inflammatory response of mast cells during influenza a virus infection is mediated by active infection and rig-i signaling. | influenza a virus (iav) is a major respiratory pathogen of both humans and animals. the lung is protected from pathogens by alveolar epithelial cells, tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. the role of alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and alveolar macrophages during iav infection has been studied previously. in this study, we address the role of mast cells during iav infection. respiratory infection with a/wsn/33 causes significant disease and immunop ... | 2013 | 23526820 |
| transcriptomic characterization of the novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus: specific host response and responses intermediate between avian (h5n1 and h7n7) and human (h3n2) viruses and implications for treatment options. | a novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus (iav) emerged in china in 2013, causing mild to lethal human respiratory infections. h7n9 originated with multiple reassortment events between avian viruses and carries genetic markers of human adaptation. determining whether h7n9 induces a host response closer to that with human or avian iav is important in order to better characterize this emerging virus. here we compared the human lung epithelial cell response to infection with a/anhui/01/13 (h7n9) ... | 2014 | 24496798 |
| evidence for a crucial role of a host non-coding rna in influenza a virus replication. | a growing body of evidence suggests the non-protein coding human genome is of vital importance for human cell function. besides small rnas, the diverse class of long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) recently came into focus. however, their relevance for infection, a major evolutionary driving force, remains elusive. using two commercially available microarray systems, namely ncode™ and sureprint™ g3, we identified differential expression of 42 ncrnas during influenza a virus (iav) infection in human lu ... | 2013 | 24440876 |
| improved immunogenicity of individual influenza vaccine components delivered with a novel dissolving microneedle patch stable at room temperature. | prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics relies on widespread vaccination coverage to induce protective immunity. in addition to a good antigenic match with the circulating viruses, the effectiveness of individual strains represented in the trivalent vaccines depends on their immunogenicity. in this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of h1n1, h3n2, and b seasonal influenza virus vaccine strains delivered individually with a novel dissolving microneedle patch and the stability ... | 0 | 25895053 |
| interleukin-22 reduces lung inflammation during influenza a virus infection and protects against secondary bacterial infection. | interleukin-22 (il-22) has redundant, protective, or pathogenic functions during autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. here, we addressed the potential role of il-22 in host defense and pathogenesis during lethal and sublethal respiratory h3n2 influenza a virus (iav) infection. we show that il-22, as well as factors associated with its production, are expressed in the lung tissue during the early phases of iav infection. our data indicate that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan r ... | 2013 | 23596287 |
| induction of cd8 t cell heterologous protection by a single dose of single-cycle infectious influenza virus. | the effector functions of specific cd8 t cells are crucial in mediating influenza heterologous protection. however, new approaches for influenza vaccines that can trigger effective cd8 t cell responses have not been extensively explored. we report here the generation of single-cycle infectious influenza virus that lacks a functional hemagglutinin (ha) gene on an x31 genetic background and demonstrate its potential for triggering protective cd8 t cell immunity against heterologous influenza virus ... | 2014 | 25100831 |
| strain-specific antiviral activity of iminosugars against human influenza a viruses. | drugs that target host cell processes can be employed to complement drugs that specifically target viruses, and iminosugar compounds that inhibit host α-glucosidases have been reported to show antiviral activity against multiple viruses. here the effect and mechanism of two iminosugar α-glucosidase inhibitors, n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) and n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (nn-dnj), on human influenza a viruses was examined. | 2014 | 25223974 |
| prolonged shedding of the canine influenza h3n2 virus in nasal swabs of experimentally immunocompromised dogs. | the avian origin canine influenza virus h3n2 has been recently isolated and found to be currently in dog population in south korea and china. the purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between immunosuppressive glucocorticoids used in veterinary clinical practice and viral shedding pattern of influenza in dogs. | 2013 | 23596593 |
| h1n1, but not h3n2, influenza a virus infection protects ferrets from h5n1 encephalitis. | seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality because of efficient human-to-human spread. rarely, zoonotic strains of influenza virus spread to humans, where they have the potential to mediate new pandemics with high mortality. we studied systemic viral spread after intranasal infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1 [a/viet nam/1203/2004]) in ferrets with or without prior pandemic h1n1pdm09 (a/mexico/4108/2009) or h3n2 (a/victoria/361/2011) infection. after i ... | 2013 | 24371072 |
| effective lethal mutagenesis of influenza virus by three nucleoside analogs. | lethal mutagenesis is a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy that exploits the high mutation rate and low mutational tolerance of many rna viruses. this approach uses mutagenic drugs to increase viral mutation rates and burden viral populations with mutations that reduce the number of infectious progeny. we investigated the effectiveness of lethal mutagenesis as a strategy against influenza virus using three nucleoside analogs, ribavirin, 5-azacytidine, and 5-fluorouracil. all three drugs were acti ... | 2015 | 25589650 |
| immunization with m2e-displaying t7 bacteriophage nanoparticles protects against influenza a virus challenge. | considering the emergence of highly pathogenic influenza viruses and threat of worldwide pandemics, there is an urgent need to develop broadly-protective influenza vaccines. in this study, we demonstrate the potential of t7 bacteriophage-based nanoparticles with genetically fused ectodomain of influenza a virus m2 protein (t7-m2e) as a candidate universal flu vaccine. immunization of mice with non-adjuvanted t7-m2e elicited m2e-specific serum antibody responses that were similar in magnitude to ... | 2012 | 23029232 |
| lgp2 downregulates interferon production during infection with seasonal human influenza a viruses that activate interferon regulatory factor 3. | lgp2, a member of the rig-i-like receptor family, lacks the amino-terminal caspase activation recruitment domains (cards) required for initiating the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) and interferon (ifn) transcription. the role of lgp2 in virus infection is controversial, and the only lgp2 experiments previously carried out with mammalian influenza a viruses employed an attenuated, mouse-adapted h1n1 a/pr/8/34 (pr8) virus that does not encode the ns1 protein. here we determine ... | 2012 | 22837208 |
| antiviral responses by swine primary bronchoepithelial cells are limited compared to human bronchoepithelial cells following influenza virus infection. | swine generate reassortant influenza viruses because they can be simultaneously infected with avian and human influenza; however, the features that restrict influenza reassortment in swine and human hosts are not fully understood. type i and iii interferons (ifns) act as the first line of defense against influenza virus infection of respiratory epithelium. to determine if human and swine have different capacities to mount an antiviral response the expression of ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isg) ... | 2013 | 23875024 |
| retrospective serology study of respiratory virus infections in captive great apes. | great apes are extremely sensitive to infections with human respiratory viruses. in this study, we retrospectively analyzed sera from captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans. more than 1000 sera (403 chimpanzee, 77 gorilla, and 535 orang-utan sera) were analyzed for antibodies to the human respiratory viruses rsv (respiratory syncytial virus, hmpv (human metapneumovirus), h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses, and influenza b virus. in all ape species high seroprevalences were found for rsv, h ... | 2014 | 24662675 |
| serological evidence for influenza virus infection in korean wild boars. | serum samples from 1,011 wild boars hunted in 2012 were collected for serological surveillance for 4 subtypes (pandemic a (h1n1) 2009 and classical h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2) of swine influenza virus (siv). samples from 12 of the boars were identified as positive for siv (pandemic a (h1n1) 2009, n=9; classical h1n1, n=2; and h1n2, n=1) by a hemagglutination inhibition test (hi test) and a nucleoprotein (np)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (np-elisa). although the overall seroprevalence of siv ... | 2014 | 25298239 |
| phylodynamics of the emergence of influenza viruses after cross-species transmission. | human populations are constantly exposed to emerging pathogens such as influenza a viruses that result from cross-species transmissions. generally these sporadic events are evolutionary dead-ends, but occasionally, viruses establish themselves in a new host that offers a novel genomic context to which the virus must adjust to avoid attenuation. however, the dynamics of this process are unknown. here we present a novel method to characterize the time it takes to g+c composition at third codon pos ... | 2013 | 24358190 |
| disease risks associated with free-ranging wild boar in saskatchewan. | this study investigated the disease status of saskatchewan's feral wild boar population. whole carcasses, tissue samples, and/or serum from 81 hunter-killed boars from saskatchewan were submitted to the canadian wildlife health cooperative (cwhc) between 2009 and 2014. serological tests were negative for prrs, h1n1, and h3n2 swine influenza, pcv-2, and tge/prcv in 22/22 boars and for toxoplasma gondii and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 20/20 boars. of 20 boars whose sera were tested 20 were positiv ... | 0 | 26246630 |
| inhibitory effects of an m2-specific monoclonal antibody on different strains of influenza a virus. | new approaches to the treatment of influenza have been designed based on the highly conserved antigenicity of the m2 envelope protein among influenza a virus strains. the present study examined the anti-viral activities of an anti-m2 ectodomain (m2e) monoclonal antibody (clone rm2ss23), which binds to the m2 proteins of the influenza a virus strains a/ aichi/2/68 (h3n2) (aichi) and a/pjr/8/34 (h1n1) (pr8). the results showed that rm2ss23 bound to both aichi and pr8 m2 proteins expressed on the c ... | 2012 | 23094582 |
| asperterrestide a, a cytotoxic cyclic tetrapeptide from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus scsgaf0162. | a new cytotoxic and antiviral cyclic tetrapeptide, asperterrestide a (1), a new alkaloid, terremide c (2), and a new aromatic butenolide, aspernolide e (3), together with 10 known compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus scsgaf0162. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the mosher ester technique and analysis of the acid hydrolysates using a chiral-phase hplc co ... | 2013 | 23806112 |
| immunomodulatory properties of subcellular fractions of a g+ bacterium, bacillus firmus. | mucosal immunization with non-living antigens usually requires the use of an adjuvant. the adjuvant activity of bacillus firmus in the mucosal immunization of mice was described by our laboratory previously. in the present study, subcellular localization of b. firmus activities was followed. after mechanical disintegration, subcellular components of bacterium were fractionated by differential centrifugation and salting out. bacterial cell walls, cytoplasmic membrane fraction, soluble cytoplasmic ... | 2013 | 22875593 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of a series of wild berry fruit extracts against representatives of picorna-, orthomyxo- and paramyxoviridae. | wild berry species are known to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. they have long been traditionally applied for their antiseptic, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and antioxidant properties. the aim of the present study is to reveal the potential for selective antiviral activity of total methanol extracts, as well as that of the anthocyanins and the non-anthocyanins from the following wild berries picked in bulgaria: strawberry (fragaria vesca l.) and raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) ... | 2014 | 24660461 |
| [development of sybr green i real-time rt-pcr for the detection of ebola virus]. | in order to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of ebola virus (ebov), the primers used in sybr green i real-time rt-pcr were designed based on the ebov np gene sequences published in genbank. the sybr green i real-time rt-pcr was established and optimized for the detection of ebov. the ebov rna that was transcribed in vitro was used as a template. the sensitivity of this method was found to reach 1.0 x 10(2) copies/microl and the detection range was 10(2) - 10(10). no cross ... | 2012 | 23233935 |
| indole alkaloid glucosides from the roots of isatis indigotica. | five new indole alkaloid glucosides named isatindigotindolosides a-e (1-5), along with three known analogs (6-8), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the isatis indigotica roots. their structures including the absolute configurations were determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with chemical methods and electronic circular dichroism spectra calculations. in the preliminary assays, compounds 1, 6 and 7 showed antiviral activity against influenza virus a/hanfan ... | 2016 | 26651370 |
| pestalols a-e, new alkenyl phenol and benzaldehyde derivatives from endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis sp. acbc2 isolated from the chinese mangrove plant aegiceras corniculatum. | five alkenyl phenol and benzaldehyde derivatives, pestalols a-e (1-5), as well as seven known compounds (6-12), were isolated from endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis sp. acbc2 derived from the chinese mangrove plant aegiceras corniculatum. their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. compounds 2 and 3 showed cytotoxicity against a panel of 10 tumor cell lines. compounds 1-5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 showed inhibitory activities against influenza a virus subtype (h3n2) and swine flu (h1n1) v ... | 2014 | 24690916 |
| labdisk with complete reagent prestorage for sample-to-answer nucleic acid based detection of respiratory pathogens verified with influenza a h3n2 virus. | portable point-of-care devices for pathogen detection require easy, minimal and user-friendly handling steps and need to have the same diagnostic performance compared to centralized laboratories. in this work we present a fully automated sample-to-answer detection of influenza a h3n2 virus in a centrifugal labdisk with complete prestorage of reagents. thus, the initial supply of the sample remains the only manual handling step. the self-contained labdisk automates by centrifugal microfluidics al ... | 2016 | 26610171 |
| dietary enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 and zinc oxide stimulate immune reactions to trivalent influenza vaccination in pigs but do not affect virological response upon challenge infection. | swine influenza viruses (siv) regularly cause significant disease in pigs worldwide. since there is no causative treatment of siv, we tested if probiotic enterococcus (e.) faecium ncimb 10415 or zinc (zn) oxide as feed supplements provide beneficial effects upon siv infection in piglets. seventy-two weaned piglets were fed three different diets containing either e. faecium or different levels of zn (2500 ppm, zn(high); 50 ppm, zn(low)). half of the piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly (vac) t ... | 2014 | 24489827 |
| inhibitory influence of enterococcus faecium on the propagation of swine influenza a virus in vitro. | the control of infectious diseases such as swine influenza viruses (swiv) plays an important role in food production both from the animal health and from the public health point of view. probiotic microorganisms and other health improving food supplements have been given increasing attention in recent years, but, no information on the effects of probiotics on swine influenza virus is available. here we address this question by assessing the inhibitory potential of the probiotic enterococcus faec ... | 2013 | 23308134 |
| a novel benzo-heterocyclic amine derivative n30 inhibits influenza virus replication by depression of inosine-5'-monophospate dehydrogenase activity. | influenza virus is still a huge threat to the world-wide public health. host inosine-5'- monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) involved in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides, is known to be a potential target to inhibit the replication of viruses. herein, we evaluated antiviral activity of a benzo-heterocyclic amine derivative n30, which was designed to inhibit impdh. | 2017 | 28298229 |
| antiviral activities of several oral traditional chinese medicines against influenza viruses. | influenza is still a serious threat to human health with significant morbidity and mortality. the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses poses a great challenge to existing antiviral drugs. traditional chinese medicines (tcms) may be an alternative to overcome the challenge. here, 10 oral proprietary chinese medicines were selected to evaluate their anti-influenza activities. these drugs exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza a h1n1, influenza a h3n2, and influenza b virus. i ... | 2015 | 26557857 |
| anti-viral and cytotoxic norbisabolane sesquiterpenoid glycosides from phyllanthus emblica and their absolute configurations. | in an effort to identify anti-viral and cytotoxic compounds from phyllanthus spp., 14 highly oxygenated norbisabolane sesquiterpenoids, phyllaemblicins h1-h14, were isolated from the roots of phyllanthus emblica linn, along with phyllaemblicins b and c and glochicoccinoside d. their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. determination of absolute configurations of these compounds was facilitated by theoretical calculations of electronic c ... | 2015 | 26074492 |
| iridoid and bis-iridoid glucosides from the fruit of gardenia jasminoides. | three new iridoid glucosides, 6″-o-trans-feruloylgenipin gentiobioside (1), 2'-o-trans-caffeoylgardoside (2), jasmigeniposide a (3), and one new bis-iridoid glucoside, jasmigeniposide b (4), along with six known analogues (5-10), were isolated from the fruit of gardenia jasminoides. their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. anti-virus activity of isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro and only compound 9 showed moderate inhibitory activity ... | 2013 | 23567862 |
| antiviral activity of isatis indigotica root-derived clemastanin b against human and avian influenza a and b viruses in vitro. | clemastanin b, 7s,8r,8'r-(-)-lariciresinol-4,4'-bis-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, is one of the major lignans extracted from isatis indigotica root (iir). in this study, the anti-influenza activities of clemastanin b were evaluated in vitro. clemastanin b was found to inhibit different subtypes of human (h1n1, including swine-origin h1n1; h3n2 and influenza b) and avian influenza viruses (h6n2, h7n3, h9n2) at different magnitudes of activity (ic50 0.087-0.72 mg/ml) while this compound was inactive agai ... | 2013 | 23403777 |
| induction of protective immune responses against ev71 in mice by baculovirus encoding a novel expression cassette for capsid protein vp1. | ev71 is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) and is responsible for large outbreaks in various asian pacific countries. in the present study, we generated the recombinant baculovirus (bac-vp1) encoding vp1 in a novel expression cassette. the transmembrane domain of hemagglutinin of the h3n2 influenza virus was included in the cassette as a minimal membrane anchor for vp1. the protective immunity of bac-vp1 was investigated in a mouse model. the results showed that mice ... | 2012 | 22691220 |
| inactivation of pathogenic viruses by plant-derived tannins: strong effects of extracts from persimmon (diospyros kaki) on a broad range of viruses. | tannins, plant-derived polyphenols and other related compounds, have been utilized for a long time in many fields such as the food industry and manufacturing. in this study, we investigated the anti-viral effects of tannins on 12 different viruses including both enveloped viruses (influenza virus h3n2, h5n3, herpes simplex virus-1, vesicular stomatitis virus, sendai virus and newcastle disease virus) and non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus, coxsachievirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, feline calicivirus ... | 2013 | 23372851 |
| temperature-sensitive live-attenuated canine influenza virus h3n8 vaccine. | canine influenza is a respiratory disease of dogs caused by canine influenza virus (civ). civ subtypes responsible for influenza in dogs include h3n8, which originated from the transfer of h3n8 equine influenza virus to dogs; and the h3n2 civ, which is an avian-origin virus that adapted to infect dogs. influenza infections are most effectively prevented through vaccination to reduce transmission and future infection. currently, only inactivated influenza vaccines (iivs) are available for the pre ... | 2017 | 27928017 |
| an efficient genome sequencing method for equine influenza [h3n8] virus reveals a new polymorphism in the pa-x protein. | h3n8 equine influenza virus (eiv) has caused disease outbreaks in horses across the world since its first isolation in 1963. however, unlike human, swine and avian influenza, there is relatively little sequence data available for this virus. the majority of published sequences are for the segment encoding haemagglutinin (ha), one of the two surface glycoproteins, making it difficult to study the evolution of the other gene segments and determine the level of reassortment occurring between sub-li ... | 2014 | 25183201 |
| safe recombinant outer membrane vesicles that display m2e elicit heterologous influenza protection. | recombinant, escherichia coli-derived outer membrane vesicles (romvs), which display heterologous protein subunits, have potential as a vaccine adjuvant platform. one drawback to romvs is their lipopolysaccharide (lps) content, limiting their translatability to the clinic due to potential adverse effects. here, we explore a unique romv construct with structurally remodeled lipids containing only the lipid iva portion of lps, which does not stimulate human tlr4. the romvs are derived from a genet ... | 2017 | 28215994 |
| influenza h7n9 lah-hbc virus-like particle vaccine with adjuvant protects mice against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses. | the long alpha-helix (lah) region located in influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) shows conservation among different influenza a strains, which could be used as a candidate target of influenza vaccines. moreover, the hepatitis b virus core protein (hbc) is a carrier for heterologous epitopes in eliciting effective immune responses. we inserted the lah region of h7n9 influenza virus into the hbc and prepared the lah-hbc protein, which were capable of self-assembly into virus-like particles (vlp), b ... | 2016 | 27866773 |
| [preparation and detection of anti-influenza a virus polymerase basic protein 1 polyclonal antibody]. | influenza a virus is an enveloped virus that belongs to the orthomyxoviridae family. it has 8 negative rna segments that encode 16 viral proteins. the viral polymerase consists of 3 proteins (pb 1, pb2 and pa) which plays an important role in the transcription and replication of the influenza a virus. polymerase basic protein 1 (pb 1) is a critical member of viral polymerase complex. in order to further study the function of pb1, we need to prepare the pb1 antibody with good quality. therefore, ... | 2016 | 27363203 |
| design and evaluation of novel interferon lambda analogs with enhanced antiviral activity and improved drug attributes. | type iii interferons (ifns) (also called ifn-λ: ifn-λ1, ifn-λ2, ifn-λ3, and ifn-λ4) are critical players in the defense against viral infection of mucosal epithelial cells, where the activity of type i ifns is weak, and unlike type i ifns that are associated with severe and diverse side effects, type iii ifns cause minimal side effects due to the highly restricted expression of their receptors, and thus appear to be promising agents for the treatment and prevention of respiratory and gastrointes ... | 2016 | 26792983 |
| development of single-chain variable fragments (scfv) against influenza virus targeting hemagglutinin subunit 2 (ha2). | influenza a viruses (iav) are widespread in birds and domestic poultry, occasionally causing severe epidemics in humans and posing health threats. hence, the need to develop a strategy for prophylaxis or therapy, such as a broadly neutralizing antibody against iav, is urgent. in this study, single-chain variable fragment (scfv) phage display technology was used to select scfv fragments recognizing influenza envelope proteins. the tomlinson i and j scfv phage display libraries were screened again ... | 2016 | 26446888 |
| hemagglutinin sequence conservation guided stem immunogen design from influenza a h3 subtype. | seasonal epidemics caused by influenza a (h1 and h3 subtypes) and b viruses are a major global health threat. the traditional, trivalent influenza vaccines have limited efficacy because of rapid antigenic evolution of the circulating viruses. this antigenic variability mediates viral escape from the host immune responses, necessitating annual vaccine updates. influenza vaccines elicit a protective antibody response, primarily targeting the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha). however, ... | 2015 | 26167164 |
| development of a candidate influenza vaccine based on virus-like particles displaying influenza m2e peptide into the immunodominant region of hepatitis b core antigen: broad protective efficacy of particles carrying four copies of m2e. | a long-term objective when designing influenza vaccines is to create one with broad cross-reactivity that will provide effective control over influenza, no matter which strain has caused the disease. here we summarize the results from an investigation into the immunogenic and protective capacities inherent in variations of a recombinant protein, hbc/4m2e. this protein contains four copies of the ectodomain from the influenza virus protein m2 (m2e) fused within the immunodominant loop of the hepa ... | 2015 | 25976545 |
| preparation of monopegylated cyanovirin-n's derivative and its anti-influenza a virus bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. | influenza a virus (iav) has been raising public health and safety concerns worldwide. cyanovirin-n (cvn) is a prominent anti-iav candidate, but both cytotoxicity and immunogenicity have hindered the development of this protein as a viable therapy. in this article, linker-cvn (lcvn) with a flexible and hydrophilic polypeptide at the n-terminus was efficiently produced from the cytoplasm of escherichia coli at a >15-l scale. pegylation at the n-terminal α-amine of lcvn was also reformed as 20 kda ... | 2015 | 25713409 |
| a nonfusogenic antigen mimic of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins constituted with soluble full-length ha1 and truncated ha2 proteins expressed in e. coli. | a novel method is proposed to produce a soluble recombinant antigen mimic, constituted with full-length ha1 and truncated ha2 individually expressed in e. coli, instead of a precursor form of hemagglutinin protein, that is similar to the naturally processed and disulfide-linked ha1/ha2 on the envelope of the influenza a virus strain x-31 (h3n2). a truncated ectodomain of ha2 subunit, ha2(23-185)/c137s, lacked two membrane-interacting sequences, i.e., the n-terminal fusion peptide as well as the ... | 2015 | 25288022 |
| study of immunogenicity of recombinant proteins based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase conservative epitopes of influenza a virus. | recombinant hemagglutinin (rha) and neurominidase (rna) developed in our investigation are amino acid sequence consensus variants of h1n1 2009 subtype influenza virus strain, also including immunogenic epitopes typical for other influenza virus subtypes (h3n1 and h5n1). substitutions were made: typical for russian virus isolates (in ha - s220t, na - d248n) and in active centers of molecules - r118l, r293l, r368l; c92s, c417s to increase recombinant proteins stability in e. coli. the aim of the p ... | 2013 | 23969554 |
| prokaryote-expressed m2e protein improves h9n2 influenza vaccine efficacy and protection against lethal influenza a virus in mice. | influenza vaccines are prepared annually based on global epidemiological surveillance data. however, since there is no method by which to predict the influenza strain that will cause the next pandemic, the demand to develop new vaccination strategies with broad cross-reactivity against influenza viruses are clearly important. the ectodomain of the influenza m2 protein (m2e) is an attractive target for developing a vaccine with broad cross-reactivity. for these reasons, we investigated the effica ... | 2013 | 23551908 |
| design of escherichia coli-expressed stalk domain immunogens of h1n1 hemagglutinin that protect mice from lethal challenge. | the hemagglutinin protein (ha) on the surface of influenza virus is essential for viral entry into the host cells. the ha1 subunit of ha is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. the ha2 subunit is less exposed on the virion surface and more conserved than ha1. we have previously designed an ha2-based immunogen derived from the sequence of the h3n2 a/hk/68 virus. in the present study, we report the design of an ha2-based immunogen from the h1n1 subtype (pr/8/34). this immunogen (h1 ... | 2012 | 23015722 |
| in contrast to conventional inactivated influenza vaccines, 4xm2e.hsp70c fusion protein fully protected mice against lethal dose of h1, h3 and h9 influenza a isolates circulating in iran. | ideal vaccines against influenza viruses should elicit not only a humoral response, but also a cellular response. mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70 (mhsp70) have been found to promote immunogenic apcs function, elicit a strong cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response, and prevent the induction of tolerance. moreover, it showed linkage of antigens to the c-terminus of mhsp70 (mhsp70c) can represent them as vaccines resulted in more potent, protective antigen specific responses in the absence of adjuv ... | 2012 | 22595444 |
| identification of inonotus obliquus polysaccharide with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multi-feline viruses. | inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (iops) are a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiopathy, diabetes, aids, pancreatitis and other diseases. in this study, we found that iop can act as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug against feline viruses in the in vitro experiment. using cell models of feline calicivirus (fcv), we demonstrated that iop treatment was capable of exhibiting anti-fcv strain f9 activity in cell-based assays and also showed low cytotoxicity. investigation ... | 2017 | 27865960 |
| surveillance for emerging respiratory viruses. | several new viral respiratory tract infectious diseases with epidemic potential that threaten global health security have emerged in the past 15 years. in 2003, who issued a worldwide alert for an unknown emerging illness, later named severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the disease caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov) rapidly spread worldwide, causing more than 8000 cases and 800 deaths in more than 30 countries with a substantial economic impact. since then, we have witnessed the emer ... | 2014 | 25189347 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant avian influenza h1n2 virus isolated from a domestic sparrow in 2012. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a novel h1n2 avian influenza virus strain, a/sparrow /guangxi/gxs-1/2012 (h1n2), isolated from a sparrow in the guangxi province of southern china in 2012. all of the 8 gene segments (hemagglutinin [ha], nucleoprotein [np], matrix [m], polymerase basic 2 [pb2], neuraminidase [na], polymerase acidic [pa], polymerase basic 1 [pb1], and nonstructural [ns] genes) of this natural recombinant virus are attributed to the eurasian lineage, and phylogenetic ... | 2013 | 23868121 |
| genome sequence of a novel reassortant h3n2 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern china. | the h3 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) can provide genes for human influenza virus through gene reassortment, which raises great concerns in terms of its potential threat to human health. here, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel h3n2 aiv isolated from domestic ducks in the jiangsu province of eastern china in 2004, which is a natural recombinant virus whose genes are derived from h3n8, h5n1, h5n2, h11n2, h4n6, and h1n1 aivs. this genome will help to understand the epidemiology ... | 2013 | 23580713 |
| genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a virus subtypes co-circulate among poultry in bangladesh. | influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a viruses in bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. we analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza a viruses. virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50) were subtyped and their coding-complete genomes were sequenced. the most frequently identified subtyp ... | 2016 | 27010791 |