| distribution of lesions in red and fallow deer naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | wild deer have an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (btb). the aims of this study were (1) to compare the pattern of lesions present in wild red (cervus elaphus) and fallow (dama dama) deer that were naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis, and (2) to use this information to develop a sampling strategy for the isolation of m. bovis from the lymphoid tissues of the head of these animals. culture of head lymphoid tissues demonstrated that 28 of 95 red deer and 22 of 100 ... | 2010 | 19691968 |
| p53-independent upregulation of mir-34a during oncogene-induced senescence represses myc. | aberrant oncogene activation induces cellular senescence, an irreversible growth arrest that acts as a barrier against tumorigenesis. to identify micrornas (mirnas) involved in oncogene-induced senescence, we examined the expression of mirnas in primary human tig3 fibroblasts after constitutive activation of b-raf. among the regulated mirnas, both mir-34a and mir-146a were strongly induced during senescence. although members of the mir-34 family are known to be transcriptionally regulated by p53 ... | 2010 | 19696787 |
| prionet canada: a network of centres of excellence for research into prions and prion diseases. | prionet canada's strength in basic, applied, and social research is helping to solve the food, health safety, and socioeconomic problems associated with prion diseases. prion diseases are transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals. examples of prion diseases include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse, commonly known as "mad cow" disease), creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans, and chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk. as of march 31, 2008, prionet's interdisc ... | 2009 | 19697232 |
| chronic wasting disease (cwd) potential economic impact on cervid farming in alberta. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) was found in wild deer populations in the province of alberta, canada, in 2005, and there is concern that this finding could create significant costs related to the farmed elk and deer industry. these potential costs or "values at risk" can be used to assess the economic returns from cwd containment and eradication programs. cost estimates of cwd to cervid farms range from $12 million for additional farm fencing to hundreds of millions of dollars in payments by gove ... | 2009 | 19697234 |
| epidermal-growth-factor-induced proliferation of astrocytes requires egr transcription factors. | stimulation of astrocytes with epidermal growth factor (egf) induced proliferation and triggered the biosynthesis of the transcription factor egr-1, involving the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (erk) signaling pathway. no differences in the proliferation rate of astrocytes prepared from wild-type or egr-1-deficient mice were detected. however, expression of a dominant-negative mutant of egr-1 that interfered with dna-binding of all egr proteins prevented egf-indu ... | 2009 | 19706684 |
| influence of prion strain on prion protein adsorption to soil in a competitive matrix. | it is likely that the soil environment serves as a stable reservoir of infectious chronic wasting disease (cwd) and scrapie prions, as well as a potential reservoir of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse, or "mad cow" disease). prion adsorption to soil may play an important role in prion mobility, proteolysis, and infectivity. differences in prp environmental fate are possible due to the strain- and species-dependent structure of prp(sc). kinetic and isothermal studies of prp adsorption to san ... | 2009 | 19708348 |
| brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects cementoblasts from serum starvation-induced cell death. | our previous studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) enhances bone/cementum-related protein gene expression through the trkb-c-raf-erk1/2-elk-1 signaling pathway in cementoblasts, which play a critical role in the establishment of a functional periodontal ligament. to clarify how bdnf regulates survival in cementoblasts, we examined its effects on cell death induced by serum starvation in immortalized human cementoblast-like (hcem) cells. bdnf inhibited the death of hcem ... | 2009 | 19711359 |
| egr-1 is necessary for fibroblast growth factor-2-induced transcriptional activation of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in murine astrocytes. | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) promotes neurite outgrowth and survival of neuronal cells, but its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. here, we sought to investigate the mechanism underlying fibroblast growth factor-2 (fgf2) induction of gdnf expression in astrocytes. we found that fgf2 stimulation of rat astrocytes induced expression of egr-1 at a high level. sequence analysis of the rat gdnf gene identified three overlapping egr-1-binding sites between positions ... | 2009 | 19721135 |
| washing increases the susceptibility to exogenous oxidative stress in red deer spermatozoa. | the effects of routine sperm work are often overlooked. we assessed the effect of washing cryopreserved epididymal spermatozoa from red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus, helzheimer 1909). after thawing, epididymal samples (four stags) were diluted in talp-hepes. a split was left untouched, another was centrifuged (300 x g, 5 min) and resuspended, and a third was centrifuged and the supernatant substituted by fresh talp-hepes (washing). each split was supplemented either with nothing, 1mm of the a ... | 2009 | 19733389 |
| transcriptional regulation of human mucin gene muc4 in pancreatic cancer cells. | the human mucin gene muc4 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and cancer cell lines, while remaining undetectable in the normal pancreas, indicating its important role in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of muc4 gene expression are not fully understood. in this report, we used pancreatic cancer cell line (bxpc-3) to explore the potential transcription factors regulating muc4 transcriptional activity. through promoter screening, overexpressing ... | 2010 | 19757157 |
| erk activation and cell growth require cam kinases in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. | previous studies on mcf-7 breast cancer cells have shown that the g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr) agonist carbachol increases intracellular calcium levels and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk). calcium and calmodulin regulate the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (cam kinase) family of proteins that have been proposed to regulate erk and gene transcription. our results suggest that both estrogen (e2) and carbachol treatment of mcf-7 breast cancer cells trigger pho ... | 2010 | 19763792 |
| transcription factors down-stream of ras as molecular indicators for targeting malignancies with oncolytic herpes virus. | overactivation in ras signaling has been under intensive study as the molecular basis for development of cancer. such overactivation can occur in the presence or absence of mutations in ras gene resulting in activation of a series of down-stream effectors such as transcription factors. different studies have shown the activation of ras down-stream effectors in non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) although mutations in ras are not prevalent in this malignancy. since overactivation in ras signaling also inc ... | 2009 | 19766068 |
| evaluation of management variables to advance conception and calving date of red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand venison production systems. | the ability to shift the supply of new zealand chilled venison from farmed yearling red deer stags to obtain premium prices in seasonal european markets necessitates early calving of hinds combined with high growth rates of their calves. two studies over a three-year period evaluated three management variables that offer potential to advance calving date. under the conditions of the studies there was no consistent evidence that the management practices of early stag introduction, early weaning a ... | 2010 | 19766413 |
| climate alters response of an endemic island plant to removal of invasive herbivores. | islands experience higher rates of species extinction than mainland ecosystems, with biological invasions among the leading causes; they also serve as important model systems for testing ideas in basic and applied ecology. invasive removal programs on islands are conservation efforts that can also be viewed as powerful manipulative experiments, but few data are available to evaluate their effects. we collected demographic and herbivore damage data for castilleja mollis pennell, an endangered pla ... | 2009 | 19769104 |
| wolf presence and increased willow consumption by yellowstone elk: implications for trophic cascades. | recent increases in the height and growth ring width of willow (salix spp.) and other woody plants in the greater yellowstone ecosystem (gye) have been attributed to a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade from wolves (canis lupus) to elk (cervus elaphus) to willows. this hypothesis predicts that individual elk consume less willow in response to the presence of wolves, but this prediction has not been directly tested with data from elk. we collected 727 fecal samples from elk in the gallatin can ... | 2009 | 19769124 |
| predatory senescence in ageing wolves. | it is well established that ageing handicaps the ability of prey to escape predators, yet surprisingly little is known about how ageing affects the ability of predators to catch prey. research into long-lived predators has assumed that adults have uniform impacts on prey regardless of age. here we use longitudinal data from repeated observations of individually-known wolves (canis lupus) hunting elk (cervus elaphus) in yellowstone national park to demonstrate that adult predatory performance dec ... | 2009 | 19780789 |
| susceptibilities of nonhuman primates to chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, or prion disease, that affects deer, elk, and moose. human susceptibility to cwd remains unproven despite likely exposure to cwd-infected cervids. we used 2 nonhuman primate species, cynomolgus macaques and squirrel monkeys, as human models for cwd susceptibility. cwd was inoculated into these 2 species by intracerebral and oral routes. after intracerebral inoculation of squirrel monkeys, 7 of 8 cwd isolates induced a cl ... | 2009 | 19788803 |
| overlapping promoter targeting by elk-1 and other divergent ets-domain transcription factor family members. | ets-domain transcription factors play important roles in controlling gene expression in a variety of different contexts; however, these proteins bind to very similar sites and it is unclear how in vivo specificity is achieved. in silico analysis is unlikely to reveal specific targets for individual family members and direct experimental approaches are therefore required. here, we take advantage of an inducible dominant-negative expression system to identify a group of novel target genes for the ... | 2009 | 19789270 |
| sensitive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in a farmed cervid herd with use of an mpb70 protein fluorescence polarization assay. | after histopathological examination of a lesion found in a herd member returned a diagnosis of mycobacteriosis, a farmed herd (n = 47) of elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer (c. elaphus elaphus) was investigated for bovine tuberculosis with a battery of antemortem and postmortem diagnostic tests. every animal was tested with the mid-cervical tuberculin skin test; all 47 had negative results. all of the 16 adult animals and 15 of the 31 calves (approximately 2-years-old) were blood-tested w ... | 2009 | 19794887 |
| downstream of fgf during mesoderm formation in xenopus: the roles of elk-1 and egr-1. | signalling by members of the fgf family is required for induction and maintenance of the mesoderm during amphibian development. one of the downstream effectors of fgf is the srf-interacting ets family member elk-1, which, after phosphorylation by map kinase, activates the expression of immediate-early genes. here, we show that xenopus elk-1 is phosphorylated in response to fgf signalling in a dynamic pattern throughout the embryo. loss of xelk-1 function causes reduced expression of xbra at neur ... | 2009 | 19799892 |
| triptolide is an inhibitor of rna polymerase i and ii-dependent transcription leading predominantly to down-regulation of short-lived mrna. | triptolide, a natural product extracted from the chinese plant tripterygium wilfordii, possesses antitumor properties. despite numerous reports showing the proapoptotic capacity and the inhibition of nf-kappab-mediated transcription by triptolide, the identity of its cellular target is still unknown. to clarify its mechanism of action, we further investigated the effect of triptolide on rna synthesis in the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line a549. triptolide inhibited both total rna and ... | 2009 | 19808979 |
| characteristics of x- and y-chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin gene and a pcr-based method for sex identification in red deer (cervus elaphus). | the present study attempts to analyse sequences of the x- and y-chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin (amel) gene in red deer. to this end, primers specific for each form of the gene (amelx and amely) were designed based on bovine genomic sequences and the homologous regions of the genes were sequenced. the obtained sequence of amelx gene showed high similarity with the corresponding region in cattle (91%) and humans (77%), but this similarity was slightly lower among amely genes and sho ... | 2010 | 19809889 |
| comments on "concentration of selected metals in liver, kidney, and muscle of red deer (cervus elaphus)". | | 2009 | 19827498 |
| epigenetic mechanisms in the dentate gyrus act as a molecular switch in hippocampus-associated memory formation. | we make strong memories of significant events in our lives which may serve to increase our resilience and adaptation capacity to deal with future challenges. it is well established that the neurotransmitter glutamate and the erk mapk intracellular signaling pathway play a principal role in memory formation. in addition, stress-associated hormones like glucocorticoids released during such events are known to strengthen formation of memories. but, how do these hormones work? do they interact with ... | 2009 | 19829071 |
| aberrant extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1/2 signalling in suicide brain: role of erk kinase 1 (mek1). | extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1/2 signalling plays a critical role in synaptic and structural plasticity. recent preclinical and human brain studies suggest that depression and suicidal behaviour are associated with aberrant erk1/2 signalling. mek, is a dual-specificity kinase, which is the immediate upstream regulator of erk1/2. two isoforms of mek (mek1 and mek2) exist. by phosphorylating at ser and thr residues, mek activates erk1/2, which then phosphorylates cytoplasmic and nucl ... | 2009 | 19835659 |
| can compensatory culling offset undesirable evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting? | 1. there is growing concern about the evolutionary consequences of human harvesting on phenotypic trait quality in wild populations. undesirable consequences are especially likely with trophy hunting because of its strong bias for specific phenotypic trait values, such as large antlers in cervids and horns in bovids. selective hunting can cause a decline in a trophy trait over time if it is heritable, thereby reducing the long-term sustainability of the activity itself. 2. how can we build a sus ... | 2010 | 19840171 |
| female-biased dispersal under conditions of low male mating competition in a polygynous mammal. | sex-biased dispersal is a common phenomenon in birds and mammals. competition for mates has been argued to be an important selective pressure favouring dispersal. sexual differences in the level of intrasexual competition may produce asymmetries in the costs-benefits balance of dispersal and philopatry for males and females, which may favour male-biased dispersal in polygynous species such as most mammals. this being the case, condition-dependent dispersal predicts that male-bias should decrease ... | 2009 | 19840261 |
| intracellular metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mglur5) activates signaling cascades distinct from cell surface counterparts. | g-protein-coupled receptors are thought to transmit extracellular signals to the cytoplasm from their position on the cell surface. some receptors, including the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mglur5), are also highly expressed on intracellular membranes where they serve unknown functions. here, we show that activation of cell surface versus intracellular mglur5 results in unique ca(2+) signatures leading to unique cellular responses. specifically, activation of either cell surface or intrac ... | 2009 | 19840937 |
| [an attempt of experimental infection of fishes and chickens with invasive larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, protostrongylidae)]. | elaphostrongylus cervi is a parasite of skeletal muscles and central nervous system of wild and farm red deer in europe and asia. numerous species of terrestrial snails can be its intermediate hosts. considering the fact that invasive larvae of e. cervi are released by deer to the external environment in huge numbers, fishes and birds can be accidentally infect by them. in this study the development of larvae e. cervi in those nonspecific hosts was discussed. it was determined that invasive larv ... | 2009 | 19856837 |
| can iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) discriminate among essential minerals in their diet? | optimal foraging predicts that animals should be able to assess the content of important nutrients in food. ungulates discriminate salt and p, but discrimination of other minerals is controversial even though they are also essential and often limiting. animal scientists have explained this taste through palatability, which predicts the same pattern of discrimination for calves and hinds and greater consumption by the latter. social learning may also be involved, predicting a correlation between ... | 2010 | 19860987 |
| 17beta-estradiol inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 transcription via map kinase in fibroblasts. | female sex and sex hormones contribute to cardiac remodelling. 17beta-estradiol (e2) is involved in the modulation of extracellular matrix composition and function. here, we analysed the effect of e2 on matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-2 gene expression and studied the underlying molecular mechanisms in rat cardiac fibroblasts and in a human fibroblast cell line. | 2010 | 19861308 |
| parents' genetic dissimilarity and offspring sex in a polygynous mammal. | offspring quality may benefit from genetic dissimilarity between parents. however, genetic dissimilarity may trade-off with additive genetic benefits. we hypothesized that when sexual selection produces sex-specific selective scenarios, the relative benefits of additive genetic vs. dissimilarity may differ for sons and daughters. here we study a sample of 666 red deer (cervus elaphus) microsatellite genotypes, including males, females and their foetuses, from 20 wild populations in spain (the ma ... | 2009 | 19863722 |
| disruption of actin cytoskeleton mediates loss of tensile stress induced early phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in organ culture. | aorta organ culture has been widely used as an ex vivo model for studying vessel pathophysiology. recent studies show that the vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) in organ culture undergo drastic dedifferentiation within the first few hours (termed early phenotypic modulation). loss of tensile stress to which aorta is subject in vivo is the cause of this early phenotypic modulation. however, no underlying molecular mechanism has been discovered thus far. the purpose of the present study is to i ... | 2010 | 19874818 |
| ashworthius sidemi (nematoda, trichostrongylidae) in wild ruminants in białowieza forest. | between 2003-2007, abomasa of 91 european bison (bison bonasus), 4 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 2 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) shot in the białowieza primeval forest (poland) were examined for worms presence. all the animals examined were infected with nematodes a. sidemi with an exception of one bison, that was shot in year 2003. there was much higher average intensity of invasion in bison (5529), than in red deer (85) and in roe deer (1837). the animals were shot in a period from december t ... | 2009 | 19886261 |
| evolutionary cross-domain discriminative hessian eigenmaps. | is it possible to train a learning model to separate tigers from elks when we have 1) labeled samples of leopard and zebra and 2) unlabelled samples of tiger and elk at hand? cross-domain learning algorithms can be used to solve the above problem. however, existing cross-domain algorithms cannot be applied for dimension reduction, which plays a key role in computer vision tasks, e.g., face recognition and web image annotation. this paper envisions the cross-domain discriminative dimension reduct ... | 2010 | 19887315 |
| nfat-induced histone acetylation relay switch promotes c-myc-dependent growth in pancreatic cancer cells. | induction of immediate early transcription factors (itf) represents the first transcriptional program controlling mitogen-stimulated cell cycle progression in cancer. here, we examined the transcriptional mechanisms regulating the itf protein c-myc and its role in pancreatic cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. | 2010 | 19900447 |
| impact of age and sex of rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) on follicle counts from rectal mucosal biopsies for preclinical detection of chronic wasting disease. | to determine if the number of rectal lymphoid follicles decreases with respect to age and sex relative to diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (cwd), rectal biopsies (n = 1,361) were taken from captive rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) at 4 ranches in the western united states between 2005 and 2008. rectal tissues were stained with a monoclonal antibody (f99/97.6.1), which selectively stains the abnormal isoform of the prion protein associated with cwd of elk. the number of lymphoid fo ... | 2009 | 19901292 |
| oral vaccination with microencapsuled strain 19 vaccine confers enhanced protection against brucella abortus strain 2308 challenge in red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus). | bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the greater yellowstone area (gya), usa, are infected with brucella abortus, the causative agent of bovine brucellosis, and they serve as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. bovine brucellosis recently has been transmitted from infected elk to cattle in montana, wyoming, and idaho and has resulted in their loss of brucellosis-free status. an efficacious brucella vaccine with a delivery system suitable for wildlife would be a valuable tool ... | 2009 | 19901378 |
| estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales. | wild deer populations in great britain are expanding in range and probably in numbers, and relatively high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) in deer occurs locally in parts of southwest england. to evaluate the m. bovis exposure risk posed to cattle by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales, we constructed and parameterized a quantitative risk model with the use of information from the literature (on deer densities, activity pattern ... | 2009 | 19901384 |
| dna genotyping suggests that recent brucellosis outbreaks in the greater yellowstone area originated from elk. | identifying the source of infectious disease outbreaks is difficult, especially for pathogens that infect multiple wildlife species. brucella spp. are among the most problematic zoonotic agents worldwide, and they are notoriously difficult to detect and identify. we genotyped 10 variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) dna loci in 56 brucella abortus isolates from bison (bos bison), elk (cervus elaphus), and cattle (bos taurus) to test the wildlife species most likely to be the origin of recent o ... | 2009 | 19901392 |
| echinococcus granulosus in gray wolves and ungulates in idaho and montana, usa. | we evaluated the small intestines of 123 gray wolves (canis lupus) that were collected from idaho, usa (n=63), and montana, usa (n=60), between 2006 and 2008 for the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus. the tapeworm was detected in 39 of 63 wolves (62%) in idaho, usa, and 38 of 60 wolves (63%) in montana, usa. the detection of thousands of tapeworms per wolf was a common finding. in idaho, usa, hydatid cysts, the intermediate form of e. granulosus, were detected in elk (cervus elaphus), mule deer ( ... | 2009 | 19901399 |
| detection of treatment-induced changes in signaling pathways in gastrointestinal stromal tumors using transcriptomic data. | cell signaling plays a central role in the etiology of cancer. numerous therapeutics in use or under development target signaling proteins; however, off-target effects often limit assignment of positive clinical response to the intended target. as direct measurements of signaling protein activity are not generally feasible during treatment, there is a need for more powerful methods to determine if therapeutics inhibit their targets and when off-target effects occur. we have used the bayesian dec ... | 2009 | 19903850 |
| identification of brucella abortus genes in elk (cervus elaphus) using in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) reveals novel markers of infection. | elk in the greater yellowstone area are a major reservoir for brucellosis, which represents an obstacle to eradication of the disease in domestic livestock. furthermore, immune responses to brucella abortus infection in the wild host are not well-understood. in this regard, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) was employed to identify novel b. abortus antigens expressed during infection in elk. sera collected from sero-positive wyoming elk were pooled and absorbed against in vitro-grown cu ... | 2010 | 19914012 |
| dramatic co-activation of wwox/wox1 with creb and nf-kappab in delayed loss of small dorsal root ganglion neurons upon sciatic nerve transection in rats. | tumor suppressor wox1 (also named wwox or for) is known to participate in neuronal apoptosis in vivo. here, we investigated the functional role of wox1 and transcription factors in the delayed loss of axotomized neurons in dorsal root ganglia (drg) in rats. | 2009 | 19918364 |
| direct versus indirect effects of social rank, maternal weight, body condition and age on milk production in iberian red deer ( cervus elaphus hispanicus). | social rank in cervids and other mammals is not entirely predicted by body weight, but in most cases influences access to food directly. milk provisioning depends on maternal weight and on daily food intake. usually, body weight, body condition, age and social rank are inter-correlated making it very difficult to discern the relative importance of each variable to milk production. this study used path analysis to assess direct versus indirect effects of these variables on milk production of 62 i ... | 2010 | 19919724 |
| [genetic variability in neotropical deer genera (mammalia: cervidae) according to dna microsatellite loci]. | species conservation programs are highly based on analyses of population genetics. we compared eight neotropical cervidae (mazama americana, m. gouzaoubira, m. rufina, odocoileus virginianus, hippocamelus antisensis, pudu mephistopholes, ozotoceros bezoarticus and blastoceros dichotomus) and some european and asian cervidae (cervus elaphus, c. nippon, capreolus capreolus, c. pygargus and dama dama). the european species c. elaphus was our standard for a high degree of genetic variability: we use ... | 2009 | 19928479 |
| mechanistic aspects of the fracture toughness of elk antler bone. | bone is an adaptive material that is designed for different functional requirements; indeed, bones have a variety of properties depending on their role in the body. to understand the mechanical response of bone requires the elucidation of its structure-function relationships. here, we examine the fracture toughness of compact bone of elk antler, which is an extremely fast-growing primary bone designed for a totally different function than human (secondary) bone. we find that antler in the transv ... | 2010 | 19941980 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ixodes ricinus ticks in relation to the density of wild cervids. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum have been considered as pathogens in animals and humans. the role of wild cervids in the epidemiology is not clear. we analyzed questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in spring for these pathogens from sites with high (fjelløyvaer and strøm) and low density (tjore, hinnebu and jomfruland) of wild cervids to study the spread of the pathogens in questing ticks. | 2009 | 19943915 |
| the mechanical properties of red deer antler bone when used in fighting. | we assessed the hydration state of antlers and its effect on antler mechanical properties compared with wet femur. red deer antlers were removed from the head at various times, from a few days after velvet shedding till late in the season, and weighed weekly until after casting time. antlers cut just after losing their velvet lost weight rapidly in the first few weeks, then settled down and changed weight very little, the latter changes correlating with air relative humidity. antlers cut later s ... | 2009 | 19946076 |
| the glycosylation pattern of secretory granules in binucleate trophoblast cells is highly conserved in ruminants. | the binucleate trophoblast cells (bncs) in the ruminant placenta are a unique feature of this taxon. these cells produce several secretory proteins and transfer these across the fetomaternal barrier into the dam. we used lectin histochemistry with a panel of 24 lectins to characterise the glycosylation pattern of bnc secretory granules in a variety of ruminants. seven species out of three ruminant families were thus investigated: greater malayan chevrotain (tragulidae); fallow deer, red deer, ch ... | 2010 | 19959226 |
| molecular characterization of five sarcocystis species in red deer ( cervus elaphus), including sarcocystis hjorti n. sp., reveals that these species are not intermediate host specific. | muscle tissue from 37 red deer from norway was examined for sarcocysts. sarcocysts from 2 reindeer were obtained for comparative studies. cysts were excised and morphologically classified by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dna sequence analysis. five sarcocystis species, sarcocystis hjorti n. sp., sarcocystis hardangeri, sarcocystis ovalis, sarcocystis rangiferi, and sarcocystis tarandi, were found. all 5 species have previously been identified from either reindeer or moose b ... | 2010 | 19961651 |
| outbreak of brucellosis in domestic elk in korea. | seven of 18 elk on a deer farm were found by the official rose-bengal agglutination test (rbt) and tube agglutination test to be brucellosis reactors/suspects. evaluation with the competitive elisa (c-elisa) and the fluorescence polarization assay (fpa) tests revealed that six and five sera were positive respectively. the seven reactors/ suspects were slaughtered and their blood and tissues were collected. brucella species could be isolated from three of the slaughtered animals, with nine isolat ... | 2010 | 19968852 |
| phenotypic correlates of hybridisation between red and sika deer (genus cervus). | 1. hybridisation with an invasive species has the potential to alter the phenotype and hence the ecology of a native counterpart. 2. here data from populations of native red deer cervus elaphus and invasive sika deer cervus nippon in scotland is used to assess the extent to which hybridisation between them is causing phenotypic change. this is done by regression of phenotypic traits against genetic hybrid scores. 3. hybridisation is causing increases in the body weight of sika-like deer and decr ... | 2010 | 20002231 |
| age susceptibility of red deer (cervus elaphus) to paratuberculosis. | the aim of this study was to measure the relative susceptibility of three age classes of red deer (cervus elaphus) to the various manifestations of infection and disease states due to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) after experimental oral challenge. three groups of seronegative female deer (30 three-month-old weaners, 20 fifteen-month-old yearlings and 20 adults) received four oral doses of approximately 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) of a bovine strain of map. they were mon ... | 2010 | 20005645 |
| induction of angptl4 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells by pma through activation of pkc and mapk pathways. | in this study, we demonstrate that protein kinase c (pkc) activators, including phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (pma), 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (dog), and platelet-derived growth factor alpha are potent inducers of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (angptl4) expression in several normal lung cell types and carcinoma cell lines. in human airway smooth muscle (hasm) cells induction of angptl4 expression is observed as early as 2 h after the addition of pma. pma also increases the level of angptl4 prot ... | 2010 | 20025870 |
| isolation of cervid herpesvirus 1 from the genital tract of a farmed red deer in northern france. | in autumn 2008, several captive red deer in the north of france were found to be serologically positive for a ruminant alphaherpesvirus. a viral isolate obtained from the genital mucosa of a female red deer was characterised by sequencing and restriction endonuclease analyses as a cervid herpesvirus 1 closely related to scottish banffshire 82 strain. | 2011 | 20031457 |
| high red deer density depresses body mass of roe deer fawns. | many previous studies have pointed out that, when resources are limited, the potential for competition should be high among sympatric species that display overlaps in habitat and nutritional niches. however, reliable evidence of competition between red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) has not been yet reported for life history traits directly measuring performance such as body mass, reproduction, or survival. from long-term monitoring of deer populations in the reserve of ... | 2010 | 20033821 |
| characterization of dictyocaulus species (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) from three species of wild ruminants in northwestern spain. | specimens of dictyocaulus spp. were extracted from the respiratory tracts of 3 ruminant hosts including roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) from wild populations in the province of le6n, northwestern spain. the near-complete nuclear small-subunit ribosomal rna gene, and 2 regions of the large-subunit ribosomal rna gene, were amplified by pcr and sequenced. the ssu rdna gene sequences indicated a high level of similarity between the isolate ... | 2009 | 20050000 |
| detection of prohibited animal products in livestock feeds by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. | single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of amplicons produced from a mitochondrial dna region between the trna(lys) and atpase8 genes was applied for the detection of animal product within livestock feeds. identification of prohibited animal (cattle, elk, sheep, deer, and goat) and nonprohibited animal (pig and horse) products from north america was possible based on the differential display of the single-stranded dna fragments for the different animal species on sscp gels. this ... | 2010 | 20051214 |
| erk regulates strain-induced migration and proliferation from different subcellular locations. | repetitive deformation like that engendered by peristalsis or villous motility stimulates intestinal epithelial proliferation on collagenous substrates and motility across fibronectin, each requiring erk. we hypothesized that erk acts differently at different intracellular sites. we stably transfected caco-2 cells with erk decoy expression vectors that permit erk activation but interfere with its downstream signaling. targeting sequences constrained the decoy inside or outside the nucleus. we as ... | 2010 | 20069571 |
| role of iaps in prostate cancer progression: immunohistochemical study in normal and pathological (benign hyperplastic, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer) human prostate. | in this study was investigate iaps in normal human prostate (np), benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (pin) and prostatic carcinoma (pc), and their involvement in apoptosis/proliferation via nf-kb (tnf-alpha, il-1) stimulation. | 2010 | 20078866 |
| overlapping in short motif sequences for binding to human rev7 and mad2 proteins. | polzeta, a dna polymerase specialized for translesion dna synthesis (tls), is comprised of two subunits, the rev3 catalytic subunit and the rev7 accessory subunit. the human rev7 (hrev7) protein is known to interact with hrev3, hrev1 (another tls protein) and some other proteins such as adam9 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) and elk-1 (an ets-like transcription factor). hrev7 is alternatively termed hmad2l2, because its primary sequence shows 26% identity to that of hmad2 that plays crucial r ... | 2010 | 20088965 |
| camp-response element-binding protein (creb) controls msk1-mediated phosphorylation of histone h3 at the c-fos promoter in vitro. | the rapid induction of the c-fos gene correlates with phosphorylations of histone h3 and hmgn1 by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases. we have used a cell-free system to dissect the mechanism by which msk1 phosphorylates histone h3 within the c-fos chromatin. here, we show that the reconstituted c-fos chromatin presents a strong barrier to histone h3 phosphorylation by msk1; however, the activators (serum response factor, elk-1, camp-response element-binding protein (creb), and atf1) b ... | 2010 | 20089855 |
| evaluation of the western immunoblot as a detection method for brucella abortus exposure in elk. | brucella abortus has been an important wildlife disease issue for most of the last century, especially because wildlife species are considered to be important disease reservoirs for cattle. diagnostic uncertainty, caused in part by cross-reactions of antibodies to environmental pathogens such as yersinia enterocolitica o:9 on standard brucella serology, has exacerbated the challenges of managing the disease and has highlighted the need for test validation in wildlife species. the western immunob ... | 2010 | 20090021 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| changes in fatty acid profiles in testis and spermatozoa of red deer exposed to metal pollution. | lowered sperm quality associated with reduced superoxide dismutase activity in testis and spermatozoa has been observed in red deer from a mined area in south-central spain. here we present fatty acid profiles for testis and spermatozoa of deer from this mined area (n=29) and a control area (n=33). despite elevated pb in liver and bone of red deer from this area, concentrations in testis and sperm were not significantly higher than in control areas; however, cu in testis was lower in mined areas ... | 2010 | 20096347 |
| alterations of cardiac erk1/2 expression and activity due to volume overload were attenuated by the blockade of ras. | the activities and protein content of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1/2 in the heart were measured in rats at 4 and 16 weeks after volume overload due to aortocaval shunt. protein content of phosphorylated erk1/2 was increased at both 4 and 16 weeks, whereas protein content of total erk1/2 was increased only at 16 weeks of inducing volume overload. the erk1/2 activities, estimated as phospho-elk-1 content, were also increased at 4 and 16 weeks of inducing volume overload. the increa ... | 2010 | 20100902 |
| polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (gpe) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media. | obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by an increased abundance of macrophages (mphis) in white adipose tissue (wat), leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins (pgs) that can cause insulin resistance. grape powder extract (gpe) is rich in phenolic phytochemicals that possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. | 2010 | 20101247 |
| investigating temporal changes in hybridization and introgression in a predominantly bimodal hybridizing population of invasive sika (cervus nippon) and native red deer (c. elaphus) on the kintyre peninsula, scotland. | we investigated temporal changes in hybridization and introgression between native red deer (cervus elaphus) and invasive japanese sika (cervus nippon) on the kintyre peninsula, scotland, over 15 years, through analysis of 1513 samples of deer at 20 microsatellite loci and a mtdna marker. we found no evidence that either the proportion of recent hybrids, or the levels of introgression had changed over the study period. nevertheless, in one population where the two species have been in contact si ... | 2010 | 20102517 |
| comparison of the tbars assay and bodipy c11 probes for assessing lipid peroxidation in red deer spermatozoa. | several methods are used to measure lipid peroxidation (lpo) in spermatozoa. the objective of this study was comparing the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (tbars) method and the bodipy 581/591 c(11) (b581) and bodipy 665/676 c(11) (b665) fluorescent probes to measure induced peroxidative damage in thawed epididymal spermatozoa from iberian red deer. samples from three males were thawed, pooled, diluted in pbs, incubated at room temperature and assessed at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h under different ex ... | 2010 | 20113445 |
| bovine tuberculosis in canadian wildlife: an updated history. | mycobacterium bovis infection in wild animals attracted little attention in canada until the disease was almost eliminated from domestic livestock. tuberculosis was endemic in plains bison and occurred in elk, moose, and mule deer in buffalo national park (bnp), alberta during the 1920s and 1930s. bison were moved from bnp to wood buffalo national park (wbnp), where tuberculosis became, and remains, endemic in bison, posing a risk to efforts to restore bison in northern canada. tuberculosis was ... | 2009 | 20119541 |
| trade-offs between predation risk and forage differ between migrant strategies in a migratory ungulate. | trade-offs between predation risk and forage fundamentally drive resource selection by animals. among migratory ungulates, trade-offs can occur at large spatial scales through migration, which allows an "escape" from predation, but trade-offs can also occur at finer spatial scales. previous authors suggest that ungulates will avoid predation risk at the largest scale, although few studies have examined multi-scale trade-offs to test for the relative benefits of risk avoidance across scales. buil ... | 2009 | 20120812 |
| accounting for animal movement in estimation of resource selection functions: sampling and data analysis. | patterns of resource selection by animal populations emerge as a result of the behavior of many individuals. statistical models that describe these population-level patterns of habitat use can miss important interactions between individual animals and characteristics of their local environment; however, identifying these interactions is difficult. one approach to this problem is to incorporate models of individual movement into resource selection models. to do this, we propose a model for step s ... | 2009 | 20120822 |
| a neurotoxic phosphoform of elk-1 associates with inclusions from multiple neurodegenerative diseases. | neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a number of features including the formation of inclusions, early synaptic degeneration and the selective loss of neurons. molecules serving as links between these shared features have yet to be identified. identifying candidates within the diseased microenvironment will open up novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. the transcription factor elk-1 resides within multiple brain areas both in nuclear and extranuclear neuronal compartments. inter ... | 2010 | 20126313 |
| perverse consequences of infrequently culling a pest. | there are potentially many situations in which creatures will be subject to infrequent but regular culling. in terms of controlling crop pests, some farmers may only be able to afford to apply pesticides occasionally. alternatively, pesticides may be applied only occasionally to limit their unwelcome side effects, which include pesticide resistance, chemical poisoning of agricultural workers, and environmental degradation. in terms of conservation, some species (such as the red deer in the uk) m ... | 2010 | 20127192 |
| incorporating farmer observations in efforts to manage bovine tuberculosis using barrier fencing at the wildlife-livestock interface. | a federal and provincial cost-shared program was initiated in 2001 around riding mountain national park in southwestern manitoba, canada to provide free game wire barrier fences for baled hay storage areas to prevent transmission of tb among cattle (bos taurus), wild elk (cervus elaphus), and deer (odocoileus virginianus). farmer observations of cervids on their farms were evaluated by interviewing 50 farmers that owned a game wire fence for >1 year. of those interviewed, 82% reported some type ... | 2010 | 20129682 |
| promoter chromatin remodeling of immediate-early genes is mediated through h3 phosphorylation at either serine 28 or 10 by the msk1 multi-protein complex. | upon activation of the erk and p38 mapk pathways, the msk1/2-mediated nucleosomal response, including h3 phosphorylation at serine 28 or 10, is coupled with the induction of immediate-early (ie) gene transcription. the outcome of this response, varying with the stimuli and cellular contexts, ranges from neoplastic transformation to neuronal synaptic plasticity. here, we used sequential co-immunoprecipitation assays and sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) assays on mouse fibroblast 10 ... | 2010 | 20129940 |
| bystander effects induced by chemicals and ionizing radiation: evaluation of changes in gene expression of downstream mapk targets. | radiation-induced bystander effects have been evaluated extensively, including the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways. however, few studies have examined the ability of chemicals to induce bystander effects, and the molecular mechanisms involved in chemical bystander effects have not been investigated. we have previously demonstrated the ability of mitomycin c (mmc) and phleomycin (phl) to induce bystander effects in normal human lymphoblastoid cells. here, we de ... | 2010 | 20130020 |
| ordered transcriptional factor recruitment and epigenetic regulation of tnf-alpha in necrotizing acute pancreatitis. | tauhe expression of the critical initiator cytokine tnf-alpha was strongly upregulated in vivo in acute necrotic pancreatitis (ap) in rodents and in vitro in tnf-alpha activated acinar ar42j cells. upregulation of tnf-alpha, inos, icam-1 and il-6 occurred both in tnf-alpha receptor 1 and 2 knock-out mice, but not in tnf-alpha knock-out mice, in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that transcriptional factors (elk-1, sp1, nf-kappab and egr-1) and chr ... | 2010 | 20130956 |
| transcription factors elk-1 and srf are engaged in il1-dependent regulation of zc3h12a expression. | mcpip is a novel ccch zinc finger protein described as an rnase engaged in the regulation of immune responses. the regulation of expression of the gene coding for mcpip - zc3h12a is poorly explored. | 2010 | 20137095 |
| dentin abnormalities in cheek teeth of wild red deer and roe deer from a fluoride-polluted area in central europe. | this study analyses the severity and distribution of mineralization defects in the dentin of red and roe deer teeth (mandibular fourth premolars, first and third molars) obtained from individuals that had lived in a fluoride-polluted area along the czech-german border. mineralization defects presented as hypomineralized or interglobular dentin. in the p(4)s and m(3)s the entire dentin exhibited areas of defective mineralization, whereas in the m(1)s only the central and inner dentin portions wer ... | 2010 | 20138489 |
| characterization of the human insulin-induced gene 2 (insig2) promoter: the role of ets-binding motifs. | insulin-induced gene 2 (insig2) and its homolog insig1 encode closely related endoplasmic reticulum proteins that regulate the proteolytic activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that activate the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in animal cells. several studies have been carried out to identify insig2 genetic variants associated with metabolic diseases. however, few data have been published regarding the regulation of insig2 gene expression. two i ... | 2010 | 20145255 |
| the elk-1 and serum response factor binding sites in the major immediate-early promoter of human cytomegalovirus are required for efficient viral replication in quiescent cells and compensate for inactivation of the nf-kappab sites in proliferating cells. | the major immediate-early promoter (miep) region of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) plays a critical role in the regulation of lytic and latent infections by integrating multiple signals supplied by the infecting virus, the type and physiological state of the host cell, and its extracellular surroundings. the interaction of cellular transcription factors with their cognate binding sites, which are present at high densities within the enhancer upstream from the miep core promoter, regulate the rate ... | 2010 | 20147408 |
| the membrane estrogen receptor gpr30 mediates cadmium-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells. | cadmium (cd) is a nonessential metal that is dispersed throughout the environment. it is an endocrine-disrupting element which mimics estrogen, binds to estrogen receptor alpha (eralpha), and promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. we have previously published that cd promotes activation of the extracellular regulated kinases, erk-1 and -2 in both er-positive and er-negative human breast cancer cells, suggesting that this estrogen-like effect of cd is not associated with the er. here ... | 2010 | 20153348 |
| atypical interstitial pneumonia in grazing adult red deer (cervus elaphus). | a herd of red deer experienced a small outbreak of atypical interstitial pneumonia on two occasions 3 years apart. the first occasion involved the death of two of a group of 70 hinds and the second outbreak involved a single death in a similar sized group. on both occasions a number of the adults exhibited increased respiratory effort, particularly on exercise. both outbreaks occurred in july, a few days after moving the herd from a close grazed grass paddock to an aftermath paddock, which had r ... | 2010 | 20153869 |
| physiological variables explain mineral intake in iberian red deer. | foraging theory predicts that animals should be able to assess nutrient content of food sources and adjust their diet according to needs. as many minerals are essential nutrients, animals should be able to discriminate and consume the amount needed for each mineral. although this has been proved for sodium and phosphorus, it is not clear if animals can discriminate among other essential minerals, and if they do so based on physiological needs. requirements depend on sex, age, and physiological s ... | 2010 | 20156465 |
| sensitivity, specificity, and confounding factors of novel serological tests used for the rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | in this study, novel serological tests were used to detect tuberculosis (tb) in groups of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) varying in disease status or possible confounding factors. groups of deer naturally or experimentally infected with mycobacterium bovis and animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis were studied, as were uninfected animals and animals naturally or experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. sera were assayed using two rapid lateral-flow tests, ... | 2010 | 20164247 |
| molecular cloning of cd18 of bison, deer and elk, and comparison with that of other ruminants and non-ruminants. | pneumonia caused by mannheimia haemolytica is an important disease of cattle, domestic sheep, bighorn sheep and goats. leukotoxin (lkt) produced by m. haemolytica is cytolytic to all leukocyte subsets of these species. lkt utilizes cd18, the beta subunit of beta(2)-integrins, as its functional receptor on leukocytes of these species. cytotoxicity assays revealed that leukocytes from bison, deer, and elk are also susceptible to lkt-induced cytolysis. the availability of cdna encoding cd18 of biso ... | 2010 | 20176404 |
| tissue engineered bone versus alloplastic commercial biomaterials in craniofacial reconstruction. | this research was developed in order to demonstrate the tissue engineering method as an alternative to conventional methods for bone reconstruction, in order to overcome the frequent failures of alloplastic commercial biomaterials, allografts and autografts. tissue engineering is an in vitro method used to obtain cell based osteoinductive bone grafts. this study evaluated the feasibility of creating tissue-engineered bone using mesenchymal cells seeded on a scaffold obtained from the deciduous r ... | 2010 | 20191132 |
| prp conformational transitions alter species preference of a prp-specific antibody. | the epitope of the 3f4 antibody most commonly used in human prion disease diagnosis is believed to consist of residues met-lys-his-met (mkhm) corresponding to human prp-(109-112). this assumption is based mainly on the observation that 3f4 reacts with human and hamster prp but not with prp from mouse, sheep, and cervids, in which met at residue 112 is replaced by val. here we report that, by brain histoblotting, 3f4 did not react with prp of uninfected transgenic mice expressing elk prp; however ... | 2010 | 20194495 |
| transferability of microsatellite loci from exotic cervidae to brazilian brocket deer (mazama spp, mammalia: cervidae). | transferability of microsatellite loci between closely related species has been reported in several species. this helps reduce costs involved with the development of primers for newly investigated species. fifteen microsatellite primers developed for rangifer tarandus, cervus elaphus, c. axis, and moschus berezovskii were tested on five species of brazilian brocket deer of the genus mazama (m. americana, m. bororo, m. gouazoubira, m. nana, and m. nemorivaga). these primers were tested with dna e ... | 2010 | 20198583 |
| bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 4 in red deer, spain. | we studied the potential of red deer as bluetongue maintenance hosts and sentinels. deer maintained detectable bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 4 rna for 1 year after the virus was cleared from livestock. however, the virus was not transmitted to yearlings. btv serotype 1 rna was detected in red deer immediately after its first detection in cattle. | 2010 | 20202435 |
| spatial distribution and risk factors of brucellosis in iberian wild ungulates. | the role of wildlife as a brucellosis reservoir for humans and domestic livestock remains to be properly established. the aim of this work was to determine the aetiology, apparent prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for brucellosis transmission in several iberian wild ungulates. | 2010 | 20205703 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations in captive and free-ranging, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25(oh)d] were determined for free-ranging and captive white-tailed deer (wtd). effects of gender, season, and age on 25(oh)d concentrations were determined as well as comparisons to concentrations in serum from captive reindeer and elk. seasonal variations in 25(oh)d concentrations were detected for both captive and free-ranging wtd with greatest concentrations detected in august/september (approximately 25 ng/ml) and lowest concentrations in february ... | 2009 | 20209469 |
| [occurrence of giardia species and genotypes in humans and animals in wielkopolska region, poland]. | giardia is the most common intestinal protozoan parasite found in humans and animals worldwide. although it has been known for three hundred years, the nomenclature, taxonomy, host specificity, and pathogenicity of giardia still arouse numerous controversies and ambiguities. giardia is classified into six species, that are characterised by various ranges of hosts. the most dubious species is g. intestinalis, which includes a dozen or so genotypes, and only two of them (genotype a and b) have wid ... | 2009 | 20209826 |
| tln-4601, a novel anticancer agent, inhibits ras signaling post ras prenylation and before mek activation. | tln-4601 is a structurally novel farnesylated dibenzodiazepinone discovered through decipher, thallion's proprietary drug discovery platform. the compound was shown to have a broad cytotoxic activity (low micromol/l) when tested in the nci 60 tumor cell line panel and has shown in-vivo antitumor activity in several xenograft models. related to its farnesylated moiety, the effect of tln-4601 on ras mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was assessed. downstream ras signaling events, raf-1, me ... | 2010 | 20220516 |
| characterization of the activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, z polypeptide 1 (ptprz1) by hypoxia inducible factor-2 alpha. | hypoxia inducible factors (hifs) are the principal means by which cells upregulate genes in response to hypoxia and certain other stresses. there are two major hifs, hif-1 and hif-2. we previously found that certain genes are preferentially activated by hif-2. one was protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, z polypeptide 1 (ptprz1). ptprz1 is overexpressed in a number of tumors and has been implicated in glioblastoma pathogenesis. | 2010 | 20224786 |
| ets-1/elk-1 is a critical mediator of dipeptidyl-peptidase iii transcription in human glioblastoma cells. | dipetidyl-peptidase iii is a metallopeptidase involved in a number of physiological processes and its expression has been reported to increase with the histological aggressiveness of human ovarian primary carcinomas. because no information regarding the regulation of its expression was available, experiments were designed to clone, define and characterize the promoter region of the human dipeptidyl-peptidase iii (dpp-iii) gene. in this study, we cloned a 1038 bp 5'-flanking dna fragment of the h ... | 2010 | 20236318 |
| a survey of buffalo and elk herds to determine the extent of brucella infection. | | 1947 | 20240351 |
| a survey of elk and buffalo herds for serologic activity with two rickettsial antigens. | | 1947 | 20269335 |