| the effects of temperature on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio and spinibarbus sinensis). | to test whether the effects of temperature on the metabolic mode changed among different fish species, we investigated the specific dynamic action (sda) and swimming performance of fasting and fed fish at 15 and 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). both taxon and temperature had significant effects on the resting oxygen consumption rate (m˙o(rest)), sda and swimming performance (p<0.05). in ... | 2011 | 21440661 |
| the interactive effects of hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and temperature on the gill morphology of goldfish (carassius auratus). | acclimation of crucian carp and goldfish to temperatures below 15°c causes covering of the gill lamellae by a mass of cells termed the interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). here we explore the cues underlying gill remodeling (removal or growth of an ilcm) and specifically test the hypotheses that 1) depletion of internal o(2) stores in the absence of any change in external o(2) status can trigger the removal of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to 7°c, 2) exposing fish acclimated to 25°c to an abundance ... | 2011 | 21411769 |
| mercury concentrations are low in commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia, but stable isotope data indicated biomagnification. | stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ(15)n) and carbon (δ(13)c), complemented by stomach content data, were used to assess the food web structure and trophic transfer of mercury (hg) in four commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia: nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus), catfish (clarias gariepinus), tilapia zillii, and golden carp (carassius auratus). total mercury (thg in mg kg(-1), ww) concentrations were low, with mean values of 0.033, 0.034, 0.025, and 0.011, in c. gariepinus, t. zilli ... | 2011 | 21296421 |
| coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (carassius auratus) in natural waters. | crucian carp (abbreviated cc) belongs to the genus of carassius within the family of cyprinidae. it has been one of the most important freshwater species for chinese aquaculture and is especially abundant in the dongting water system of hunan province. cc used to be considered as all diploid forms. however, coexistence of diploid (abbreviated 2ncc), triploid (abbreviated 3ncc) and tetraploid crucian carp (abbreviated 4ncc) population of the dongting water system was first found by our recently r ... | 2011 | 21276259 |
| characterization of fish irf3 as an ifn-inducible protein reveals evolving regulation of ifn response in vertebrates. | in mammals, ifn regulatory factor (irf) 3 is a critical player in modulating transcription of type i ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). in this study, we describe the roles of crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) irf3 in activating fish ifn and isgs. fish irf3 exhibits a large sequence divergence from mammalian orthologs. whereas mammalian irf3 is constitutively expressed, fish irf3 protein is significantly upregulated by ifn, poly-ic, and other stimuli known as ifn inducers in mammals. the ifn ... | 2010 | 21084665 |
| perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanism in killing by cd8 positive t cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | t cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurs via pathways based on perforin or fas mechanisms. perforin is a protein present in the cytoplasmic granules of cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes and is secreted to form pores on target cell membranes. in fish, although the involvement of perforin in cytotoxicity have been suggested for several species, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity of cd8α(+) lymphocyte in conjunction with expression of the perforin gene has not been reported. in order to investigate the killing ... | 2011 | 20813128 |
| swimming in four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes: understanding functional design and performance employing artificially selected forms. | four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement of paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet ('common like' but with a long, deeply forked caudal fin), fantail (short, deep body with twinned caudal and anal fins) and eggfish (similar to the fantail but lacking a dorsal fin) were compared. drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast-start performance, stability in yaw and roll and propulsive muscle ultrastructural char ... | 2009 | 20738559 |
| speciation of polyploid cyprinidae fish of common carp, crucian carp, and silver crucian carp derived from duplicated hox genes. | recent studies on comparative genomics have suggested that a round of fish-specific whole genome duplication (3r) in ray-finned fishes might have occurred around 226-316 mya. additional genome duplication, specifically in cyprinids, may have occurred more recently after the divergence of the teleosts. the timing of this event, however, is unknown. to address this question, we sequenced four hox genes from taxa representing the polyploid cyprinidae fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio, 2n=100), cru ... | 2010 | 20700889 |
| distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes. | distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. this study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. the formations of th ... | 2010 | 20596907 |
| effects of montmorillonite on alleviating dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in carp (carassius auratus). | the present study was designed to investigate the effects of montmorillonite (mmt) on dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney of carp (carassius auratus). one hundred eighty carp were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, cd-comtaminated basal diet (120 mg cd/kg dry weight) and cd-contaminated basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, respectively. after 60 days, fish were sacrificed to measure malondialdehyde (mda) con ... | 2011 | 20532670 |
| a set of polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and cross-amplification in crucian carp. | silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch), as a gynogenetic fish, is a promising model for the study of the evolutionary genetics of vertebrates. we have developed 59 polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide markers for the silver crucian carp through the biotin capture method and radioactive-labeling hybridization. the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 12 in the population, and the average proportion of heterozygotes (including tri- and diallelic) at polymorphic loci was 76.8% ... | 2010 | 20503069 |
| studies on the developmental potentiality of cultured cell nuclei of fish. | by means of the serial nuclear transplantation technique, the authors obtained a nuclear transplant fish from subcultured cell originated from the blastula cells of the crucian carp (carassius auratus linnaeus). this nuclear transplant fish survived for three years, but its sexual glands were undifferentiated. the authors have also obtained a sexually mature adult fish from short-term cultured kidney cell nucleus of an adult crucian carp. results of the experiment implied that the subcultured ce ... | 2010 | 20440385 |
| induction of virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp, after oral immunization with inactivated virus. | clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) were immunized orally with inactivated crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) and the cytotoxic activities of peripheral blood leukocytes against chnv-infected syngeneic target cells were investigated. although a single oral administration of the vaccine did not prime measurable cytotoxic responses to chnv-infected targets, detectable lytic activities were observed after a booster oral administration. the vaccine-induced cytot ... | 2010 | 20438852 |
| oxidative stress and apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by nonplanar (pcb153) and coplanar (pcb169) polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in vitro. | among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar pcb congeners have different levels of toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although pcb congeners usually have high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. this study showed that 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexacholorbiphenyl (pcb153, nonplanar congener) and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexacholorbiphenyl (pcb 169, coplanar congener) caused apoptos ... | 2009 | 19999978 |
| characterization of a novel tc1-like transposon from bream (cyprinidae, megalobrama) and its genetic variation in the polyploidy progeny of bream-red crucian carp crosses. | crossing the cyprinids diploid blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala (bsb) and carassius auratus red var. (rcc) generated sterile triploid (3nrb) and fertile tetraploid (4nrb) hybrid offspring. utilizing inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of transposon tdr1 from danio rerio as pcr primer, the results showed that evident change in the number of tc1-like transposons in 4nrb relative to bsb occurred, whereas such change did not arise in 3nrb compared to bsb. no tc1-like transposon was found in r ... | 2009 | 19826746 |
| intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins results in hypovolemia and hypotension in crucian carp (carassius auratus). | circulatory responses of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (mcs) were studied at sublethal and lethal doses (150 and 600 microg mc kg(-1) body mass, respectively). mean arterial blood pressure (map), heart rate, hematocrit (hct), red blood cell (rbc) counts, and circulating blood volume (bv) were assayed at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h post-toxin administration. map decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner over time. within the 48-h test period, the letha ... | 2009 | 19673078 |
| morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of two saprolegnia sp. (oomycetes) isolated from silver crucian carp and zebra fish. | two saprolegnia isolates, jy isolated from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) and bmy isolated from zebra fish (brachydanio rerio hamilton) came from infections occurring concurrently in different locations in china. to confirm whether the two isolates were from the same saprolegnia clone, comparative studies have been carried out based on their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. observations showed that morphologically (both asexual and sexual organs) ... | 2009 | 19640399 |
| glucose-6-phosphate isomerase is an endogenous inhibitor to myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) was purified to homogeneity from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp ( carassius auratus ) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatographies of q-sepharose, sp-sepharose, and superdex 200 with a yield of 8.0%, and purification folds of 468. the molecular mass of gpi was 120 kda as estimated by gel filtration, while on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), two subunits (55 and 65 kda) were identified, suggesting that it ... | 2009 | 19472999 |
| in vitro generation of viral-antigen dependent cytotoxic t-cells from ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | little is known about antigen-specific t-cell responses to viruses in teleosts due to a lack of a suitable experimental system using inbred or clonal animals. in the present study we have successfully induced an in vitro generation of virus-specific cytotoxic t-cells (ctls) from isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp. responder cells (primarily lymphocytes) from crucian carp haematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv)-infected fish were capable of proliferating after stimulation in vitro with chnv-infected syn ... | 2009 | 19428040 |
| co-culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) kidney haematopoietic cells with feeder cells resulting in long-term proliferation of t-cell lineages. | to characterise fish haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, it is necessary to develop a culture system that supports proliferation and differentiation of these cells. in the present study, we established cell lines from various tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio) and ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfii). by using these cell lines, we developed a culture system in which carp haematopoietic cells proliferated and were successively passaged. cell lines from carp thymus (kot), carp fin (kof1) and g ... | 2009 | 19375173 |
| etiology and pathology of epidermal papillomas in allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male). | allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in china. in recent years, epidermal papillomas have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the chongming county of shanghai, china. the disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. it gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as ... | 2009 | 19301639 |
| time-dependent oxidative stress responses of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins. | this study was conducted to investigate time-dependent changes in oxidative enzymes in liver of crucian carp after intraperitoneally injection with extracted microcystins 600 and 150 microg kg(-1) body weight. the results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase generally exhibited a rapid increase in early phase (1-3 h post injection), but gradually decreased afterwards (12-48 h) compared with the c ... | 2009 | 19252760 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from rivers in korea during 2000-2004. | concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were analyzed in freshwater fish (crucian carp) taken from 16 locations in nine rivers and a wetland in korea, during 2000-2004. dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) were also analyzed in the same samples but over shorter period (2002-2004). concentrations on a wet weight basis for 3 years (2002-2004) ranged from below the detection limit (dl) to 0.36 pg teq g(-1) wet wt. for pcdds, b ... | 2009 | 19246071 |
| molecular cloning and tissue distribution of lipoprotein lipase full-length cdna from pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze). | a full-length cdna coding lipoprotein lipase (lpl) was cloned from liver of adult pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the cdna obtained was 1877 bp long with a 1524 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 507 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids long. the deduced amino acid sequence has a high similarity and shows similar structural features to lpl of other species. the lpl protein has a ... | 2009 | 19236937 |
| oxidative stress and growth inhibition in the freshwater fish carassius auratus induced by chronic exposure to sublethal fullerene aggregates. | the rapid growth of nanotechnology is stimulating research concerning the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials. the present study summarizes, to our knowledge, the first examination regarding the potential effects of chronic exposure (32 d) of aquatic organisms (juvenile carp [carassius auratus]) to sublethal concentrations (0.04-1.0 mg/l) of fullerene aggregates (nc60/aq; i.e., c60 suspended in water after long-term stirring) with average diameters of approximately 349 ... | 2008 | 19086321 |
| tracing the accumulation and effects of mercury uptake in the previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio by autometallography and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. | the aims of the present study were to apply the amg technique for localization of mercury at the light and electron microscopic level in the ovary of crucian carp after exposure to mercuric chloride and to find out if this heavy metal induces expression of caspase-3. depending on the stage of ovarian follicle development, two patterns of mercury accumulation have been found in previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp. the first mercury accumulation pattern has been found in the early previtellogeni ... | 2009 | 19085830 |
| comparative analysis of mitochondrial control region in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) x blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala). | the entire sequences of the mitochondrial (mt)dna control region (cr) and portions of its flanking genes in the red crucian carp (rc) and blunt snout bream (bsb) as well as their polyploid hybrids (3nrb, 4nrb and 5nrb) were determined and subjected to a comparative analysis. the mtdna-crs of these five fish species ranged from 923 to 937 bp in length, they had the same flanking gene arrangement as other vertebrates and the pattern of nucleotide substitution bias was also similar to that in other ... | 2010 | 18815893 |
| [collation of data on the ploidy levels and mitochondrial dna phylogenetic lineages in the silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio from far eastern and central asian populations]. | the distribution of the diploid and triploid forms and the correspondence between ploidy and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) phylogenetic lineages of the silver crucian carp have been studied in far eastern water bodies and the syr darya river. both diploid and triploid forms have been found in large river systems (the amur, suifun, tumangan, and syr darya river basins). only the diploid form has been detected in lakes of bol'shoi pelis island (peter the great bay of the sea of japan), sakhalin island ... | 2008 | 18767549 |
| two unisexual artificial polyploid clones constructed by genome addition of common carp (cyprinus carp) and crucian carp (carassius auratus). | a polyploid hybrid fish with natural gynogenesis can prevent segregation and maintain their hybrid vigor in their progenies. supposing the reproduction mode of induced polyploid fish being natural gynogenesis, allopolyploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp into allopolyploid was performed. the purpose of this paper is to describe a lineage from sexual diploid carp transforming into allotriploid and allotetraploid unisexual clones by genome addition. the diploid hybrid between common c ... | 2003 | 18758716 |
| differential expression and characterization analysis of a new gene with wd domains in fish oogenesis. | a new gene with wd domains is cloned and characterized according to its differential transcription and expression between previtellogenic oocytes (phase i oocytes) and fully-grown oocytes (phase v oocytes) from natural gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) by using the combinative methods of suppressive subtraction hybridization, smart cdna synthesis and race-pcr. the full-length cdna is 1870 bp. its 5' untranslated region is 210 bp, followed by an open reading frame of 990 ... | 2001 | 18726400 |
| effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides on growth performances and digestive enzyme activities of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | the effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (xos) on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of the allogynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, was investigated. xos was added to fish basal semi-purified diets at three concentrations by dry feed weight: diet 1, 50 mg kg(-1); diet 2, 100 mg kg(-1); diet 3, 200 mg kg(-1), respectively. twelve aquaria (n = 20) with three replicates for each treatment group (diets 1-3) and control treated without xos were used. weights o ... | 2009 | 18704733 |
| in vivo characterization of primitive hematopoietic cells in clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii). | primitive hematopoietic cells in mammalian bone marrow are purified by flow cytometry using hoechst 33342 (hoechst) and rhodamine-123 (rho), because these dyes efflux activities of hematopoietic cells widely conserved in mammals. hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are identified as side population (sp) cells, characterized by specific hoechst efflux pattern in flow cytometric analysis. we previously demonstrated that sp cells from teleost body kidney (bk) had the hsc activity by a transplantation e ... | 2008 | 18674821 |
| the goldfish (carassius auratus) as a model for neuroendocrine signaling. | goldfish (carassius auratus) are excellent model organisms for the neuroendocrine signaling and the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates. goldfish also serve as useful model organisms in numerous other fields. in contrast to mammals, teleost fish do not have a median eminence; the anterior pituitary is innervated by numerous neuronal cell types and thus, pituitary hormone release is directly regulated. here we briefly describe the neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone. stimulation b ... | 2008 | 18657592 |
| seasonal morphological and biochemical changes of dahlgren cells implies a potential role of the caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) in the reproduction cycle of teleostean fish. | the purpose of this mini-review is to summarize recent research on the seasonal morphological and biochemical changes of dahlgren cells in the caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) of the freshwater teleosts carp carassius auratus. the quantitative proof for these seasonal changes in the morphology and biochemistry of dahlgren cells reflects the relationship between the cnss and the reproduction cycle of fish and implies that the cnss is probably involved in the reproduction process of fish. | 2008 | 18649021 |
| globins and hypoxia adaptation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | goldfish (carassius auratus) may survive in aquatic environments with low oxygen partial pressures. we investigated the contribution of respiratory proteins to hypoxia tolerance in c. auratus. we determined the complete coding sequence of hemoglobin alpha and beta and myoglobin, as well as partial cdnas from neuroglobin and cytoglobin. like the common carp (cyprinus carpio), c. auratus possesses two paralogous myoglobin genes that duplicated within the cyprinid lineage. myoglobin is also express ... | 2008 | 18537818 |
| immunohistochemical localization of c-rfamide, a fmrf-related peptide, in the brain of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | carassius rfamide (c-rfa) is a novel peptide found in the brain of the japanese crucian carp. it has been demonstrated that mrna of c-rfa is present in the telencephalon, optic tectum, medulla oblongata, and proximal half of the eyeball in abundance. immunohistochemical methods were employed to elucidate the distribution of the peptide in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus) in detail. c-rfaimmunoreactive perikarya were observed in the olfactory bulb, the area ventralis telencephali par ... | 2000 | 18522460 |
| the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome from a gynogenetic triploid "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi). | the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the gynogenetic triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi, az3 line) has been cloned and sequenced. the genome consisted of 16,578 bp and encoded the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rrnas and 22 trnas) in addition to a d-loop region, as described for other vertebrate mtdnas. comparison with other teleost mtdnas demonstrated that the protein/rrna-coding regions of the ginbuna were highly homologous both in length and nucleotide composition to those ... | 1998 | 18465995 |
| [chromosomal studies of germ cells in diploid and polyploid fish produced by distant crossing]. | by observing the chromosomal spreads of germ cells and tissue sections, we studied the chromosomal spreads of germ cells in diploid and polyploid fish produced by distant crossing. the samples covered the second generation of hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio) (male) (2n = 100) (f2), allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (female) x common carp (male)(4n = 200), triploid hybrids of gold fish (female)x allotetraploid (male) (3n = ... | 2008 | 18464590 |
| microcystin-induced variations in transcription of gsts in an omnivorous freshwater fish, goldfish. | the glutathione s-transferases are important enzymes in the microcystin-induced detoxication processes. in this experiment, we cloned the full-length cdna of alpha, pi and theta-class-like glutathione s-transferase genes from goldfish (carassius auratus l). their derived amino acid sequences were clustered with other vertebrate alpha, pi and theta-class gsts in a phylogenetic tree and the goldfish gst sequences have the highest similarity with those from common carp and zebrafish. goldfish were ... | 2008 | 18455246 |
| characterization of the cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp induced by oral immunisation with hapten-modified cellular antigens. | a better understanding of the immune responses in fish elicited by oral immunisation is of importance for the development of new and effective oral vaccines for cultured fish. in the present study, we characterized specific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) following oral immunisation with cellular antigens. trinitrophenyl- (tnp) or dinitrophenyl- (dnp) modified syngeneic and allogeneic cells were used for studying the fine specif ... | 2008 | 18407518 |
| sexually disrupting effects of nonylphenol and diethylstilbestrol on male silver carp (carassius auratus) in aquatic microcosms. | based on detected nonylphenol (np) levels in aquaculture water, this study investigated sexually disrupting effects in mature male silver carp (carassius auratus) exposed to np and a positive control diethylstilbestrol (des). the combined evidences of steroid hormone (17beta-estradiol, estrone and testosterone) levels and hispathological pictures showed that np (10 microg/l) and des could exert estrogenic effects through indirect mechanisms [i.e. increased estrogens levels (up to two times) and ... | 2008 | 18325589 |
| gata3 mrna in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii): cdna cloning, splice variants and expression analysis. | gata3, a transcriptional activator, plays a critical role in the development of t-cells and differentiation to t helper type 2 cells. to date, no information is available on the role of gata3 in the teleost immune system. we identified full-length cdna and alternatively spliced variants of ginbuna crucian carp gata3 (gbgata3). the gbgata3 gene is transcribed into multiple splice variants lacking either one or both zinc finger domains, although the sequences of both domains are fully conserved be ... | 2008 | 18313140 |
| characterization and functional analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | we identified and characterized two isoforms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) from the goldfish, tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2. at the protein level, goldfish tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 were most homologous to carp tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2, respectively. phylogenetically, the two goldfish isoforms grouped most closely with the carp tnfalpha isoforms and tnf species of other cyprinids. real-time pcr analysis revealed constitutive expression of goldfish tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 in all tissue ... | 2008 | 17988738 |
| the formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp x common carp hybrids by androgenesis. | bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (a(0)) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. in this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (at) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (male) were used to fertilize the uv-treated haploid eggs of goldfish (carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. the a(0) became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each ... | 2007 | 17901933 |
| altered serum levels of sex steroids and biotransformation enzyme activities by long-term alachlor exposure in crucian carp (carassius auratus). | | 2007 | 17668140 |
| studies on resistance characteristic and cdna sequence conservation of transferrin from crucian carp, carassius auratus. | transferrin (tf) is a kind of non-heme beta-globulin with two iron ions (fe(3+))-binding sites. to prove tf's physiological functions, fe(3+)-proteins, serum iron contents, and total iron-binding capabilities were tested for tfs of crucian carps (carassius auratus) and sliver carps (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). the above results demonstrated that sliver carps shared 1/3 tf alleles with crucian carps; tf of crucian carps had stronger fe(3+)-binding ability and transportation ability in plasma th ... | 2007 | 17646932 |
| direct evidence for interaction between lead ions and kidney dna from silver crucian carp. | a direct interaction of lead (pb) with kidney dna from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been systematically studied in vitro using multi-techniques, including uv-vis absorption, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism spectral methods and gel electrophoresis. we find that pb is bound with four oxygen or nitrogen atoms of dna in its fresh shell at the distances of 2.64 a. additionally, pb may bind to the oxygen atom of nucleic acid or nit ... | 2007 | 17517428 |
| [cloning and the sequence analysis of the fish glutathione transferase pi gene]. | using rt-pcr method, the glutathione transferase pi cdnas were cloned from cyprinus carpio, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and carassius auratus. the open reading frames (orfs) from the 3 fishes were 627 bp long (encoding for 208 amino acids) with the initial code atg and the terminal code tga. the sequence similarity was 50% between fish and mammals, 33% between fish and amphibian, and 15% between fish and arthropoda, respectively. the sequence similarity was big among fishes, and the average val ... | 2007 | 17369158 |
| purification, characterization, and cdna cloning of a myofibril-bound serine proteinase from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) was highly purified from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (carasius auratus) by acidic treatment of myofibril solution and chromatographies on q-sepharose and benzamidine-sepharose 6b. mbsp revealed a main protein band of approximately 28 kda on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and was particularly inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors. substrate-specificity analysis revealed that the enzyme specifically cleaved at the carboxyl side ... | 2007 | 17253717 |
| regulative mechanism of ce3+ relieves dna damage caused by cd2+ in the kidney of silver crucian carp. | the mechanism of cd2+ on the dna cleavage and ce3+ on the dna repair in the kidney of silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis methods and assaying biochemical indexes. it proves that cd2+ induces the classical laddering degradation of dna in vivo, but dna cleavage is repaired after injecting with a low ce3+ concentration under various cd2+ concentrations. the dna cleavage caused by cd2+ is the result of the activation of deoxyribonuclease (d ... | 2006 | 17194924 |
| comparative studies on histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary of different ploidy level fishes. | the histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary in diploid red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.), triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids within and after the breeding season were comparatively studied. the result showed that there were six endocrine cell types in the pituitary of these three kinds of fishes, and there was an obvious difference in cell size among different ploidy level fishes. as for the same type of pituitary cells, the cell size was increased gradually w ... | 2006 | 17172051 |
| isolation of side population cells from ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) kidney hematopoietic tissues. | side population (sp) cells, characterized by a specific hoechst dye efflux pattern by flow cytometry were isolated from kidney hematopoietic tissues of ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii). the hematopoietic activity of sp cells was evaluated by the repopulation and multilineage potential using an in vivo transplant system of ginbuna carp (donor) and ginbuna-goldfish hybrids (recipient). in a flow cytometric (fcm) analysis, a small and distinct population of ginbuna sp cells displayed ef ... | 2007 | 17129605 |
| the effect of aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on sgnrha stimulated lh secretion in goldfish (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, was applied to common carp and goldfish in order to examine its ability to increase the spontaneous and sgnrha stimulated lh secretion. first, trials in goldfish in 2003 showed fadrozole's moderate ability to potentiate sgnrha-stimulated lh secretion. however, this ability was much weaker than that obtained with dopamine antagonist, pimozide. there was no ovulation in fadrozole-treated fish. several experiments on goldfish and carp during the two consecutive y ... | 2006 | 16967099 |
| gene expression profiling in the neuroendocrine brain of male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to 17alpha-ethinylestradiol. | 17-alpha ethinylestradiol (ee2), a pharmaceutical estrogen, is detectable in water systems worldwide. although studies report on the effects of xenoestrogens in tissues such as liver and gonad, few studies to date have investigated the effects of ee2 in the vertebrate brain at a large scale. the purpose of this study was to develop a goldfish brain-enriched cdna array and use this in conjunction with a mixed tissue carp microarray to study the genomic response to ee2 in the brain. gonad-intact m ... | 2006 | 16954407 |
| endocrine and milt responses of male crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) to periovulatory females under field conditions. | laboratory studies in domesticated goldfish (carassius auratus) show that, during the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge, females release a complex steroidal pheromone that induces in males a rapid increase of plasma lh, which in turn increases strippable milt (sperm and seminal fluid) prior to ovulation and spawning. the objective of this study was to determine if the same phenomenon occurs in a wild congener, the crucian carp (carassius carassius), under field conditions where fish ar ... | 2006 | 16934255 |
| dietary exposure of mink (mustela vison) to fish from the housatonic river, berkshire county, massachusetts, usa: effects on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence. | the effects of feeding ranch mink (mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated fish (88 gold fish [carassius auratus] weighing a total of 70.3 kg and 16 carp [cyprinus carpio] weighing a total of 77.3 kg) collected from the housatonic river (hr; berkshire county, ma, usa) in october 1999 on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of total pcbs (sigmapcbs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence (teq) were evaluated. diets contained ... | 2006 | 16764472 |
| interaction mechanism between cd2+ ions and dna from the kidney of the silver crucian carp. | cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and is known to accumulate in freshwater food chains. the underlying mechanism for its genotoxicity has not been investigated for any freshwater fish. it has, however, been suggested that cadmium-induced carcinogenesis might involve either direct or indirect interaction of cd2+ with dna. the interaction between cd2+ and dna from the kidney of the silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in vitro and in vivo is investigated by spectrophotometri ... | 2006 | 16679546 |
| evidence of different ploidy eggs produced by diploid f2 hybrids of carassius auratus (female) x cyprinus carpio (male). | based on the presence of three types of eggs with different diameters 0.13, 0.17 and 0.2 cm, we made two crosses: f2 (female) x diploid red crucian carp (male), and f2 (female) x f10 tetraploid (male). the ploidy levels of the progeny of the two crosses were examined by chromosome counting and dna content measurement by flow cytometer. in the offspring of the former cross, tetraploids, triploids, and diploid were obtained. in the progeny of the latter cross, tetraploids and triploids were observ ... | 2006 | 16625828 |
| plasticity of respiratory structures--adaptive remodeling of fish gills induced by ambient oxygen and temperature. | while a large surface area combined with short diffusion distances make fish gills well suited for gas exchange, these properties leads to costly water and ion fluxes and exposure to toxic substances and pathogens. thus, gill morphology is likely to be a compromise between opposing demands. it has become clear that some fishes have the ability to modify gill structure in response to environmental parameters such as oxygen levels and temperature. maybe the most dramatic example of gill plasticity ... | 2006 | 16540380 |
| demonstration of hematopoietic stem cells in ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) kidney. | a model system of ginbuna carp (clonal triploid fish, carassius auratus langsdorfii) and ginbuna-goldfish hybrids (tetraploid fish, having three sets of chromosomes from a triploid clone and a haploid set of chromosomes from goldfish) was employed to demonstrate the presence of hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) in kidney hematopoietic tissues. kidney hematopoietic cells were obtained from ginbuna carp (s3n, donor) and injected into a ginbuna-gold fish hybrid (s4n, recipient) via the caudal sinus. ... | 2006 | 16519942 |
| [mitochondrial dna variation in diploid and triploid forms of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio]. | variation of two mtdna fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction was compared by the rflp method in a population of the sympatric bisexual (diploid) and gynogenetic (triploid) forms of silver crucian carp. the mtdna haplotypes of all individuals differed in at least 2.5% of nucleotide substitutions and fall into two phylogroups. all gynogenetic individuals have haplotypes of a single phylogroup, whereas haplotypes of diploid fish belonged to both mtdna phylogroups. this testifies to a pos ... | 2005 | 16080606 |
| using the nucleolar biomarker and the micronucleus test on in vivo fish fin cells. | this study was aimed at developing the nucleolar biomarker and the micronucleus test on in vivo fish fin cells for assessing water cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. both biomarkers can be used either jointly or separately on fins of the same fish during the experiment. for studying the nucleolar characteristics, small pieces of the fin edge were cut several times during 30-180 min of fish exposure. for micronucleus testing, the fin tissue regenerating after its cutting was investigated after 2-5 da ... | 2005 | 15978290 |
| distribution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from major rivers in korea. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) levels in crucian carp were determined at 20 locations along four major river systems, several small-scale rivers and a wetland in korea. twenty-eight congeners, ranging from tri- to hepta-cbs were detected. a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector was used to quantify the individual pcb congeners. the objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of contamination of pcbs in freshwater fish and to observe the pattern of their distribution. the ... | 2006 | 15964051 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two types of cd8alpha from ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | we cloned and sequenced full-length cdnas for two types of cd8alpha from the s3n strain of ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and quantified the expression of cd8alpha genes after sensitization by scale grafting, employing a model system of clonal triploid ginbuna and tetraploid ginbuna-goldfish hybrids. rt-pcr yielded four different fragments of cd8alpha homologue from the s3n strain of ginbuna and these sequences were classified into two groups. the two types of ginbuna cd8al ... | 2005 | 15854681 |
| temperature alters the respiratory surface area of crucian carp carassius carassius and goldfish carassius auratus. | we have previously found that the gills of crucian carp carassius carassius living in normoxic (aerated) water lack protruding lamellae, the primary site of o(2) uptake in fish, and that exposing them to hypoxia increases the respiratory surface area of the gills approximately 7.5-fold. we here examine whether this morphological change is triggered by temperature. we acclimated crucian carp to 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees c for 1 month, and investigated gill morphology, oxygen consumption and the c ... | 2005 | 15767311 |
| effects of growth hormone on leucine absorption, intestinal morphology, and ultrastructure of the goldish intestine. | the mechanisms whereby exogenous growth hormone modulates intestinal structure and function in fish were investigated. goldfish (carassius auratus) were fed commercial flake diet sprayed with recombinant carp growth hormone (cgh) daily for 1 month. control animals received food sprayed with the vehicle. after 1 month of daily feedings, body mass and length were determined, and animals were sacrificed to study intestinal characteristics. sections of foregut were removed after determination of tot ... | 2004 | 15644934 |
| pentachlorophenol reduces b lymphocyte function through proinflammatory cytokines in carassius auratus. | cytokines and igm levels are important parameters in the acquired immunity of fish. in the present study, the effect of pentachlorophenol (pcp) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, tnf-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and il-1beta (interleukin 1) mrna levels of crucian carp, were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method. to put the deduction of pcp's immunotoxicity on b cell function, b cells secretion of igm under exposure of ... | 2005 | 15621336 |
| [karyotypic analysis from two clones of gynogenetic pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus of pengze)]. | pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus of pengze), one of the most popular cultural fishes in china, is an endemic bisexual population with natural gynogenetic reproduction mode. just like silver crucian carp, investigation on the karyotype of pengze crucian carp is important to understanding the diversity and the evolution of the unisexual vertebrates. two distinguishable gynogenetic clones of pengze crucian carp, named clone h and clone l, respectively,were detected recently. in this study, th ... | 2004 | 15481531 |
| cytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned fish derived from transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio) nuclei and goldfish (carassius auratus) enucleated eggs. | in previous studies of nuclear transplantation, most cloned animals were obtained by intraspecies nuclear transfer and are phenotypically identical to their nuclear donors; furthermore, there was no further report on successful fish cloning since the report of cloned zebrafish. here we report the production of seven cross-genus cloned fish by transferring nuclei from transgenic common carp into enucleated eggs of goldfish. nuclear genomes of the cloned fish were exclusively derived from the nucl ... | 2005 | 15469998 |
| [triploid crucain carp-allotetraploid hybrids (male) x goldfish( hermaphrodite)]. | a new type of triploid crucian carp was generated by mating the males of the allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (male), with the females the goldfish( carassius auratus red var.) which was red in color and possessed the biforked tails. the biological characteristics of one-year old triploid crucian carp including the number and karotype of chromosome, gonadosomatic indices and gonadal structures, appearance and grow ... | 2004 | 15468916 |
| immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol on macrophage immunity and igm secretion of the crucian carp (carassius auratus). | | 2004 | 15386086 |
| [genetic analysis on diversity of reproductive modes of silver crucian carp inferred by transferrin and isozyme markers]. | silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been known for its gynogenetic reproduction. in this paper, eggs from clone f of gynogenetic silver crucian carp were inseminated respectively by sperms of clone d, clone a and common carp, and polymorphic patterns of transferrin and isozymes of the produced three offspring fd, fa and fl were studied comparatively to explore the diversity in reproductive modes of silver crucian carp. as control, zymograms of fl progenies exhibited a maternally ... | 2002 | 15346982 |
| effects of four chlorobenzenes on serum sex steroids and hepatic microsome enzyme activities in crucian carp, carassius auratus. | four chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-chloro-methylbenzene) were administrated to the crucian carps (carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections in the laboratory for 30 days. serum testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were detected using radioimmunology assay (ria), and the activities of two hepatic microsome enzymes, glutathione s-transferase (gst) and udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt), were measured using the modified methods as describ ... | 2004 | 15294436 |
| identification of a novel c1q family member in color crucian carp (carassius auratus) ovary. | potential roles of c1q/tumor necrosis factor (tnf) superfamily proteins have been observed in vertebrate oogenesis and oocyte maturation, but no ovary-specific member has been identified so far. in this study, we have cloned and identified a novel member of c1q family with a c1q domain in the c-terminal from fully grown oocyte cdna library of color crucian carp and demonstrated that the gene might be specifically expressed in ovary and therefore designated as carassius auratus ovary-specific c1q ... | 2004 | 15253877 |
| cell culture of clonal ginbuna crucian carp hematopoietic cells: differentiation of cultured cells into erythrocytes in vivo. | we cultivated kidney hematopoietic cells from clonal triploid ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. proliferating cells from hematopoietic cell cultures were harvested and injected into tetraploid hybrids (clonal triploid ginbuna and goldfish hybrid) which possess three sets of chromosomes from a triploid clone and a haploid set of chromosomes from goldfish (carassius auratus). after injection of cultured triploid cells (donor cells), blood samples were obtained from tetraploid hy ... | 2004 | 15183027 |
| development of an immunosensor for the detection of vitellogenin using impedance spectroscopy. | a simple and direct immunosensor for the determination of carp (carassius auratus) vitellogenin (vtg), a female-specific protein, has been proposed based on an antibody-captured conducting polymer-coated electrode. the monoclonal antibody specific to carp (c. auratus) vtg was immobilized by covalent coupling to the carboxylic acid group on the polymer. the antibody immobilization and antibody-antigen interaction have been demonstrated by means of quartz crystal microbalance and impedance spectro ... | 2004 | 15046756 |
| pluripotency of cryopreserved blastomeres of the goldfish. | to examine the pluripotency of cryopreserved blastomeres, we transplanted them into blastula. donor blastomeres were prepared from blastula of goldfish (carassius auratus) and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for two months. fifty-five percent and 44% of blastomeres survived after thawing. cryopreserved blastomeres were transplanted to the blastula of triploid crucian carp (c. a. longsdorfii), which reproduces gynogenetically in nature. at four days after the operation, resultant chimeric embryo ... | 2004 | 14743512 |
| coexistence of a sexual and an unisexual form stabilized by parasites. | an unisexual species (either parthenogenetic or gynogenetic form) often coexists sympatrically with a closely related anisogamous sexual species, forming a unisexual complex. this is puzzling because, all else being equal, a sexual population with the two-fold cost of sex (or the cost of producing males) cannot coexist with a unisexual population. this suggests that some ecological processes are at work to make possible the coexistence of the unisexual complex. field and laboratory studies sugge ... | 2004 | 14643188 |
| [cloning of hemoglobin alpha-chain cdna sequences from five fishes in cypriniformes]. | oxygen content in water is one of the limit factors to the fish growing. the tolerance of fish to low oxygen content depends on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. the tempt of transgenic fish study is to transfer hemoglobin gene from the fish that tolerates to low oxygen content in water to the fish sensitive to low oxygen condition. therefore, using hemoglobin gene to breed new varieties may become a main trend in the near future. to explore the underline mechanisms for the variation of hemo ... | 2003 | 12939797 |
| 3,4-dichloroaniline-induced oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | 3,4-dichloroaniline (dca) and its analogs are widely used as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides, azo dyes, and pharmaceuticals. they bring danger to growth, development, and propagation of aquatic organisms. the purpose of this study was to show dca-induced oxidative stress response in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus). superoxide dismutase (sod), malondialdehyde (mda), glutathione (gsh), nitric oxide (no), and no synthase (nos) in liver were measured in crucian carp a ... | 2003 | 12927556 |
| [the chromosome number and gonadal structure of f9-f11 allotetraploid crucian-carp]. | in this paper, the chromosome number of f9-f11 hybridis of red crucian (carassius auratus) x common carp(cryprinus carpio) was examined by means of kidney cell-pha culture. the results showed that f9-f11 allotetraploids possessed 200 chromosomes, with the karyotype formula 44 m + 68 sm + 44 st + 44 t, which were the same as the data indicated in f3-f8 allotetraploids. both female and male of f9-f11 allotetraploids had the normal ovaries and testes that were able to produce the normal dipoid ova ... | 2003 | 12924154 |
| [effect of adrenaline on amylolytic activity of intestinal mucose, glycemia level, glycogen concentration in tissues of carp carassius auratus and carp carassius carassius]. | | 2013 | 12815969 |
| reproduction mode of an artificial allotetraploid carp (pisces; cyprinidae). | mature eggs of allotetraploid carp were activated by inactive sperm or crossed with normal sperms of common carp (cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (carassius auratus), chinese blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala), hemiculter leucisculus and pseudorasbora parva. chromosome counts showed that all offspring of these crosses presented a mode number of 200 chromosomes (4n = 200), and their morphological traits are much like maternal. microsatelite marker and rapd patterns between allotetraploid ... | 2002 | 12627840 |
| [studies on genetic diversity in gonochoristic offspring produced from mating between two different gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp]. | based on the discovery of gonochoristic reproductive mode in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio), 18 individuals from the mated offspring between clone f and clone d and their parents were analyzed using 11 rapd primers. the mated offspring differentiated into three phenotypes. one phenotype is similar to that of clone f (sf). the second is similar to that of clone d (sd). the third shows a novel longer and thinner body type (nl). electrophoretogram results show abundant polymorhic d ... | 2001 | 12549217 |
| screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage and heartbeat beginning stage in embryogenesis of gynogenetic silver crucian carp. | a systemic study was initiated to identify stage-specific expression genes in fish embryogenesis by using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique. in this study, we presented a preliminary result on screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage (tbs) and heartbeat beginning stage (hbs) in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). two ssh plasmid libraries specific for tbs embryos and hbs embryos were constructed, and stage-specific expression ... | 2002 | 12118939 |
| toxicity of chloroanilines and effects on superoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | | 2002 | 12068927 |
| [comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis]. | isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ... | 1998 | 12016959 |
| induction of gynogenesis and androgenesis in goldfish carassius auratus (var. oranda). | chromosome engineering was used to develop lines that expressed the stable phenotypic characteristics of goldfish, carassius auratus (var. oranda). to obtain androgenetic individuals, carp eggs were irradiated and fertilized with sperm from goldfish bearing telescopic eyes. the fertilized eggs were divided into four groups and three of them were subjected to heat-shock treatment at 42 degrees c for 2.0 min at 34, 37 and 40 min after fertilization. all groups exhibited low viability of embryos an ... | 2001 | 11555368 |
| genetic diversity among different clones of the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, revealed by transferrin and isozyme markers. | genetic diversity among four clones (a, d, e, f) of gynogenetic silver crucian carp was studied using transferrin and isozymes in the blood as markers. of the five proteins investigated, three (transferrin, esterase and superoxide dismutase) indicated polymorphism and eight polymorphic loci were detected. these loci were probably encoded by codominant alleles and their inheritance patterns were analyzed. intraclonal homogeneity and interclonal heterogeneity were observed in these clones, which a ... | 2001 | 11530857 |
| differential gene expression in fully-grown oocytes between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carps. | silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is a unique triploid bisexual species that can reproduce by gynogenesis. as all other gynogenetic animals, it keeps its chromosome integrity by inhibiting the first meiosis division (no extrusion of the first pole body). to understand the molecular events governing this reproduction mode, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in fully-grown oocytes of the gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian ... | 2001 | 11410372 |
| forskolin modulation of desensitization at gaba(a) and glycine receptors is not mediated by camp-dependent protein kinase in isolated carp amacrine-like cells. | the effects of forskolin on gamma-aminobutyric acid type-a (gaba(a)) and glycine receptors in amacrine-like cells of carp (carassius auratus) retina were studied using patch-clamp techniques. application of 50 microm forskolin markedly accelerated the desensitization of whole-cell responses induced by 100 microm gaba or glycine without changing the peak amplitude of the response. both 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-br-camp) and 3-isobutyl-1 -methylxanthine (ibmx) (500 microm) fai ... | 2001 | 11316256 |
| differential screening and characterization analysis of the egg envelope glycoprotein zp3 cdnas between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carp. | gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is an intriguing model system. in the present work, a systemic study has been initiated by introducing suppression subtractive hybridization technique into this model system to identify the differentially expressed genes in oocytes between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and its closely related gonochoristic color crucian carp. five differential cdna fragments were identified from the preliminary screening, and two of them are zp3 homol ... | 2001 | 11305321 |
| genetic evidence for gonochoristic reproduction in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) as revealed by rapd assays. | sex evolution has been a debating focus in evolutionary genetics. in lower vertebrates of reptiles, amphibians, and fish, a species or a bioform reproduces either sexually or asexually but never both. a few species were found to consist of all females in fish. these all-female species can propagate by asexual reproduction modes, such as gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. however, the coexistence of sexuality and asexuality in a single species was recently noted only in a cyprinid fish silver crucia ... | 2000 | 11080373 |
| endocrine disruption by hexachlorobenzene in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | | 2000 | 11014838 |
| the homologue of mannose-binding lectin in the carp family cyprinidae is expressed at high level in spleen, and the deduced primary structure predicts affinity for galactose. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) participates in the innate immune system as an activator of the complement system and as an opsonin after binding to certain carbohydrate structures on microorganisms. we isolated and characterized cdna transcripts encoding an mbl homologue from three members of the carp family cyprinidae, the zebrafish danio rerio, the goldfish carassius auratus, and the carp cyprinus carpio. the carp and zebrafish transcripts contain two polyadenylation sites and rt-pcr on mrna fro ... | 2000 | 11003389 |
| extinction risk of a density-dependent population estimated from a time series of population size. | environmental threats, such as habitat size reduction or environmental pollution, may not cause immediate extinction of a population but shorten the expected time to extinction. we develop a method to estimate the mean time to extinction for a density-dependent population with environmental fluctuation. we first derive a formula for a stochastic differential equation model (canonical model) of a population with logistic growth with environmental and demographic stochasticities. we then study an ... | 2000 | 10816359 |
| comparing risk factors for population extinction. | extinction risk of natural populations of animals and plants is enhanced by many different processes, including habitat size reduction and toxic chemical exposure. we develop a method to evaluate different risk factors in terms of the decrease in the mean extinction time. we choose a population model with logistic growth, environmental and demographic stochasticities with three parameters (intrinsic growth rate r, carrying capacity k, and environmental noise sigma(2)(e)). the reduction in the ha ... | 2000 | 10816358 |
| analysis of genetic heterogeneity among five gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio bloch, based on detection of rapd molecular markers. | the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is a unique model system for studying evolutionary genetics and selective breeding, owing to its specific genetic background and reproductive modes. five gynogenetic clones were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique, using 30 10-nucleotide-long primers. twenty-six primers produced well-amplified dna fragments with reproducible banding patterns, and 24 primers were polymorphic. nearly identical banding pat ... | 2000 | 10773687 |
| characterization of ampa receptors on isolated amacrine-like cells in carp retina. | in amacrine-like cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate. currents induced by glutamate, but not kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization, and the mean time constant for the decay of the responses to 10 mm glutamate was 2.77 ms. n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) failed to induce any current even with coapplication of glycine and removal of extracellular mg2 +. 1-(4-aminophenyl) ... | 1999 | 10594649 |
| cytological and biochemical alterations in carassius auratus hepatocytes from exposure to sediment containing dioxins and related compounds. | cytological and biochemical alterations of crucial carp (carassius auratus) hepatocytes were characterized after exposure to sediments from a lake contaminated with dioxins and other industrial chemicals. carp were exposed in 20 l water containing 25, 50, or 100 g of contaminated sediment for 2 and 4 weeks. ultrastructural changes in the liver were characterized by severe enlargement of hepatocytes. alterations in the cell included formation of condensed and irregular cell nucleus, polynuclei, d ... | 1999 | 10473792 |