| a novel approach based on untargeted lipidomics reveals differences in the lipid pattern among durum and common wheat. | in the present work the possibility of using an untargeted metabolomic strategy to discriminate between common and durum wheat lipidome for an authenticity purpose was explored. a first study was conducted by analyzing 52 samples from two durum and common wheat varieties. afterwards, an extended and independent sample set (173 samples and five varieties) was used as a confirmatory study to verify the stability and consistency of the models obtained. putatively identified markers were evaluated a ... | 2018 | 28946342 |
| free and esterified carotenoids in pigmented wheat, tritordeum and barley grains. | carotenoids are important phytonutrients responsible for the yellow endosperm color in cereal grains. five carotenoids, namely lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, α- and β-carotene, were quantified by hplc-dad-ms in fourteen genotypes of wheat, barley and tritordeum harvested in czechia in 2014 and 2015. the highest carotenoid contents were found in yellow-grained tritordeum ht 439 (12.16μg/gdw), followed by blue-grained wheat v1-131-15 (7.46μg/gdw), and yellow-grained wheat ta 4024 (7.04μg/gdw) ... | 2018 | 28946328 |
| effects of hmw-gs ax1 or dx2 absence on the glutenin polymerization and gluten micro structure of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dough strength and extensibility are mainly determined by the polymerization of glutenin. the number of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) differs in various wheat varieties due to the silencing of some genes. the effects of ax1 or dx2 subunit absence on glutenin polymerization, dough mixing properties and gluten micro structure were investigated with two groups of near-isogenic lines. the results showed that ax1 or dx2 absence decreased the accumulatio ... | 2018 | 28946321 |
| assessment of two carrier materials for phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers and their effect on growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | biofertilizers are usually carrier-based inoculants containing beneficial microorganisms. incorporation of microorganisms in carrier material enables easy-handling, long-term storage and high effectiveness of biofertilizers. objective of the present study was to assess enriched biogas sludge and soil as biofertilizer carriers on growth and yield of wheat. six phosphate solubilizing strains were used in this study. three phosphate solubilizing strains, 77-ns2 (bacillus endophyticus), 77-cs-s1 (ba ... | 2017 | 28942836 |
| effects of co-composting of farm manure and biochar on plant growth and carbon mineralization in an alkaline soil. | in the present study, the effects of co-composts of biochar (bc) and farm manure (fm) on the growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and carbon mineralization in an alkaline soil were investigated. the co-composts of fm and bc were prepared at various ratios (fm100:bc0, fm75:bc25, fm50:bc50, fm25:bc75, fm0:bc100) using aboveground piles and were used in two separate experiments conducted simultaneously. in the plant growth trial, prepared co-composts were applied at a rate of 2% w/w and wheat was ... | 2017 | 28942511 |
| silencing of copine genes confers common wheat enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. | powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is a major threat to the production of wheat (triticum aestivum). it is of great importance to identify new resistance genes for the generation of bgt-resistant or bgt-tolerant wheat varieties. here, we show that the wheat copine genes tabon1 and tabon3 negatively regulate wheat disease resistance to bgt. two copies of tabon1 and three copies of tabon3, located on chromosomes 6as, 6bl, 1al, 1bl and 1 ... | 2017 | 28941084 |
| practical application of genomic selection in a doubled-haploid winter wheat breeding program. | crop improvement is a long-term, expensive institutional endeavor. genomic selection (gs), which uses single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) information to estimate genomic breeding values, has proven efficient to increasing genetic gain by accelerating the breeding process in animal breeding programs. as for crop improvement, with few exceptions, gs applicability remains in the evaluation of algorithm performance. in this study, we examined factors related to gs applicability in line development ... | 2017 | 28936114 |
| herbicidal activity of slow-release herbicide formulations in wheat stands infested by weeds. | the present study reports the herbicidal activity of metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl embedded in the degradable matrix of natural poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [p(3hb)/met and p(3hb)/tbm]. the developed formulations were constructed as films and microgranules, which were tested against the weeds such as white sweet clover melilotus albus and lamb's quarters chenopodium album in the presence of soft spring wheat (triticum aestivum, cv. altaiskaya 70) as the subject crop for investigation. the activity ... | 2017 | 28934007 |
| addition of aegilops u and m chromosomes affects protein and dietary fiber content of wholemeal wheat flour. | cereal grain fiber is an important health-promoting component in the human diet. one option to improve dietary fiber content and composition in wheat is to introduce genes from its wild relatives aegilops biuncialis and aegilops geniculata. this study showed that the addition of chromosomes 2ug, 4ug, 5ug, 7ug, 2mg, 5mg, and 7mg of ae. geniculata and 3ub, 2mb, 3mb, and 7mb of ae. biuncialis into bread wheat increased the seed protein content. chromosomes 1ug and 1mg increased the proportion of po ... | 2017 | 28932231 |
| diversity, distribution of puroindoline genes and their effect on kernel hardness in a diverse panel of chinese wheat germplasm. | kernel hardness, which has great influence on the end-use properties of common wheat, is mainly controlled by puroindoline genes, pina and pinb. using ecotilling platform, we herein investigated the allelic variations of pina and pinb genes and their association with the single kernel characterization system (skcs) hardness index in a diverse panel of wheat germplasm. | 2017 | 28931378 |
| probing behavior of dichelops furcatus (f.) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) on wheat plants characterized by electropenetrography (epg) and histological studies. | the stink bug dichelops furcatus (f.) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) has increased in abundance in recent years on the wheat, triticum aestivum l., crop cultivated in the southern region of brazil. to investigate the probing (stylet penetration) behaviors and nonprobing behaviors of d. furcatus on wheat plants, the electrical penetration graph or electropenetrography (epg) technique was applied. nine epg waveforms (types/subtypes) were identified and described on stem and on ear head of wheat plant ... | 2017 | 28931161 |
| quantitative trait loci responsible for sharp eyespot resistance in common wheat ci12633. | sharp eyespot is a major fungal disease of wheat caused by rhizoctonia cerealis in cool and humid environments worldwide. in this study, 224 single seed descent derived f13, f14 and f15 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from the cross between ci12633 (a resistant cultivar) and yangmai 9 (a susceptible cultivar) were assessed for sharp eyespot resistance (r.cerealis isolate r0301) in field and greenhouse conditions in three growing seasons. different agronomic characteristics were also evaluated in ... | 2017 | 28924253 |
| three myb genes co-regulate the phloem-based defence against english grain aphid in wheat. | plant phloem-based defence (pbd) against phloem-feeding insects is characteristic of the sieve occlusion by phloem lectins and β-1,3-glucan callose, both of which are produced under regulation by ethylene and myb transcription factors. wheat pbd requires β-1,3-glucan synthase-like proteins gsl2, gsl10, and gsl12, and may also require insect-resistant mannose-binding lectins hfr-1 and wci-1, which can accumulate in the phloem upon aphid feeding. this study elucidates whether any of the 73 myb gen ... | 2017 | 28922762 |
| the roles of pleiotropy and close linkage as revealed by association mapping of yield and correlated traits of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | grain yield (gy) of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is quantitatively inherited. correlated gy-syndrome traits such as plant height (ph), heading date (hd), thousand grain weight (tgw), test weight (tw), grains per ear (gpe), and ear weight (ew) influence gy. most quantitative genetics studies assessed the multiple-trait (mt) complex of gy-syndrome using single-trait approaches, and little is known about its underlying pleiotropic architecture. we investigated the pleiotropic architecture of ... | 2017 | 28922760 |
| genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary analysis and gene expression patterns of the protein kinase gene family in wheat and aegilops tauschii. | in this study we systematically identified and classified pks in triticum aestivum, triticum urartu and aegilops tauschii. domain distribution and exon-intron structure analyses of pks were performed, and we found conserved exon-intron structures within the exon phases in the kinase domain. collinearity events were determined, and we identified various t. aestivum pks from polyploidizations and tandem duplication events. global expression pattern analysis of t. aestivum pks revealed that some pk ... | 2017 | 28918554 |
| drug-herb interactions in the elderly patient with ibd: a growing concern. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), which includes conditions such as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is becoming more prevalent with the elderly being the fastest growing group. parallel to this, there is an increasing interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (cam). nearly half of patients with ibd have used cam at one time. the elderly patients, however, are burdened by comorbid conditions, polypharmacy, and altered functional status. with increasing use of complemen ... | 2017 | 28918484 |
| seed maturation associated transcriptional programs and regulatory networks underlying genotypic difference in seed dormancy and size/weight in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | maturation forms one of the critical seed developmental phases and it is characterized mainly by programmed cell death, dormancy and desiccation, however, the transcriptional programs and regulatory networks underlying acquisition of dormancy and deposition of storage reserves during the maturation phase of seed development are poorly understood in wheat. the present study performed comparative spatiotemporal transcriptomic analysis of seed maturation in two wheat genotypes with contrasting seed ... | 2017 | 28915785 |
| conversion of array-based single nucleotide polymorphic markers for use in targeted genotyping by sequencing in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). | wheat breeders and academics alike use single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) as molecular markers to characterize regions of interest within the hexaploid wheat genome. a number of snp-based genotyping platforms are available, and their utility depends upon factors such as the available technologies, number of data points required, budgets and the technical expertise required. unfortunately, markers can rarely be exchanged between existing and newly developed platforms, meaning that previously ... | 2017 | 28913866 |
| high-density snp genotyping array for hexaploid wheat and its relatives. | a lack of genetic diversity between wheat breeding lines has been recognized as a significant block to future yield increases. wheat breeding and prebreeding strategies are increasingly using material from wheat ancestors or wild relatives to reintroduce diversity. where molecular markers are polymorphic between the host and introgressed material, they may be used to track the size and location of the introgressed material through generations of backcrossing. to generate markers for this purpose ... | 2017 | 28913809 |
| databases for wheat genomics and crop improvement. | the genomics revolution brought on by advances in high-throughput sequencing has led to the production of vast amounts of data. databases play an essential role in storing and managing this information to make it available to researchers and crop breeders. this chapter provides an outline of how to use databases and tools for wheat genome research. | 2017 | 28913808 |
| phenotypic characterization of transgenic wheat lines against fungal pathogens puccinia triticina and fusarium graminearum. | leaf rust (lr) and fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by puccinia triticina and fusarium graminearum, respectively, are among the most damaging fungal diseases challenging wheat production worldwide. genetic resistance in combination with fungicide application has been the most widely employed approach to combat these fungal pathogens. alternative approaches that could augment current practices are needed for the control of these devastating pathogens. to that end, we have recently shown that the ... | 2017 | 28913807 |
| endogenous reference genes and their quantitative real-time pcr assays for genetically modified bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) detection. | endogenous reference genes (erg) and their derivate analytical methods are standard requirements for analysis of genetically modified organisms (gmos). development and validation of suitable ergs is the primary step for establishing assays that monitoring the genetically modified (gm) contents in food/feed samples. herein, we give a review of the ergs currently used for gm wheat analysis, such as acc1, pkaba1, almt1, and waxy-d1, as well as their performances in gm wheat analysis. also, we discu ... | 2017 | 28913806 |
| targeted mutagenesis in hexaploid bread wheat using the talen and crispr/cas systems. | the use of sequence-specific transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated system (crispr/cas9) have provided powerful reverse genetic approaches to the targeted modification of genomes in numerous organisms. both systems have been employed to generate loss-of-function alleles in bread wheat, by targeting multiple and single copies of genes. here we present protocols for modifying the wheat genome using the t ... | 2017 | 28913801 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat using immature embryos. | methods of the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have been improved in recent years so that genetic engineering can be routinely used for functional genomics as well as for wheat breeding. in the protocol described here, immature embryos of the spring-type model genotype bobwhite sh 98 26 have been used. preculture and temperature pretreatment of these explants have led to the reproducible generation of transgenic plants at efficiencies between 5 and 15% ... | 2017 | 28913798 |
| wheat improvement in india: present and future. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contributes substantially to global food and nutritional security. with the growing demands under the constraints of depleting natural resources, environmental fluctuation, and increased risk of epidemic outbreaks, the task of increasing wheat production has become daunting. the factors responsible for first green revolution seem to be exhausting rapidly, and there is an immediate need to develop the technologies which can not only increase the wheat production but a ... | 2017 | 28913794 |
| enabling molecular technologies for trait improvement in wheat. | wheat is the major staple food crop and a source of calories for humans worldwide. a steady increase in the wheat production is essential to meet the demands of an ever-increasing global population and to achieve food security. the large size and structurally intricate genome of polyploid wheat had hindered the genomic analysis. however, with the advent of new genomic technologies such as next generation sequencing has led to genome drafts for bread wheat and its progenitors and has paved the wa ... | 2017 | 28913791 |
| quantitative trait loci for resistance to stripe rust of wheat revealed using global field nurseries and opportunities for stacking resistance genes. | quantitative trait loci controlling stripe rust resistance were identified in adapted canadian spring wheat cultivars providing opportunity for breeders to stack loci using marker-assisted breeding. stripe rust or yellow rust, caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici erikss., is a devastating disease of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in many regions of the world. the objectives of this research were to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with stripe rust ... | 2017 | 28913655 |
| development of taqman probes targeting the four major celiac disease epitopes found in α-gliadin sequences of spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum). | celiac disease (cd) is caused by specific sequences of gluten proteins found in cereals such as bread wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta). among them, the α-gliadins display the highest immunogenicity, with four t-cell stimulatory epitopes. the toxicity of each epitope sequence can be reduced or even suppressed according to the allelic form of each sequence. one way to address the cd problem would be to make use of this allelic variability in breeding prog ... | 2017 | 28912827 |
| corrigendum: expression level of the dreb2-type gene, identified with amplifluor snp markers, correlates with performance, and tolerance to dehydration in bread wheat cultivars from northern kazakhstan. | [this corrects the article on p. 1736 in vol. 7, pmid: 27917186.]. | 2017 | 28912797 |
| alignment of common wheat and other grass genomes establishes a comparative genomics research platform. | grass genomes are complicated structures as they share a common tetraploidization, and particular genomes have been further affected by extra polyploidizations. these events and the following genomic re-patternings have resulted in a complex, interweaving gene homology both within a genome, and between genomes. accurately deciphering the structure of these complicated plant genomes would help us better understand their compositional and functional evolution at multiple scales. here, we build on ... | 2017 | 28912789 |
| quantifying rooting at depth in a wheat doubled haploid population with introgression from wild emmer. | the genetic basis of increased rooting below the plough layer, post-anthesis in the field, of an elite wheat line (triticum aestivum 'shamrock') with recent introgression from wild emmer (t. dicoccoides), is investigated. shamrock has a non-glaucous canopy phenotype mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2b (2bs), derived from the wild emmer. a secondary aim was to determine whether genetic effects found in the field could have been predicted by other assessment methods. | 2017 | 28911016 |
| an in planta biolistic method for stable wheat transformation. | the currently favoured method for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transformation is inapplicable to many elite cultivars because it requires callus culture and regeneration. here, we developed a simple, reproducible, in planta wheat transformation method using biolistic dna delivery without callus culture or regeneration. shoot apical meristems (sams) grown from dry imbibed seeds were exposed under a microscope and subjected to bombardment with different-sized gold particles coated with the gfp gen ... | 2017 | 28904403 |
| comparison of soil analytical methods for estimating wheat potassium fertilizer requirements in response to contrasting plant k demand in the glasshouse. | the traditional soil potassium (k) testing methods fail to accurately predict k requirement by plants. the diffusive gradients in thin-films (dgt) method is promising, but the relationship between the dgt-measured k pool and plant available k is not clear. wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. frame) was grown in 9 australian broad acre agricultural soils in a glasshouse trial until the end of tillering growth stage (gs30) with different plant k demands generated by varying plant numbers and pot size ... | 2017 | 28900177 |
| characterization of an antimicrobial and phytotoxic ribonuclease secreted by the fungal wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici. | the fungus zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb) disease of wheat leaves. zymoseptoria tritici secretes many functionally uncharacterized effector proteins during infection. here, we characterized a secreted ribonuclease (zt6) with an unusual biphasic expression pattern. transient expression systems were used to characterize zt6, and mutants thereof, in both host and non-host plants. cell-free protein expression systems monitored the impact of zt6 protein on f ... | 2018 | 28895153 |
| bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum change in different depths of an arable soil. | root exudates shape microbial communities at the plant-soil interface. here we compared bacterial communities that utilize plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of wheat in different soil depths, including topsoil, as well as two subsoil layers up to 1 m depth. the experiment was performed in a greenhouse using soil monoliths with intact soil structure taken from an agricultural field. to identify bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon, 13 c-co2 labelling of plants was performed for two weeks ... | 2017 | 28892269 |
| characterization of a novel zinc finger transcription factor (taznf) from wheat conferring heat stress tolerance in arabidopsis. | c3hc4-type zinc finger proteins are known to play important roles in various plant processes including regulation of growth and development, signaling networks, responses to abiotic stresses etc. the current study identifies and explores the involvement of taznf in plant stress response, mainly heat stress. taznf belongs to c4hc3-type zinc finger transcription factor. phylogenetic analysis of taznf revealed strong sequence similarity to brachypodium distachyon, a model system for crop species. g ... | 2017 | 28889352 |
| the effect of imidazolium based ionic liquids on wheat and barley germination and growth: influence of length and oxygen functionalization of alkyl side chain. | in this work five different imidazolium based ionic liquids, namely: 1-(2-oxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [c2oc2mim][cl]; 1-(2-oxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [c1oc2mim][cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, [ohc3eim][cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [ohc3mim][cl]; 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [ohc2mim][cl], together with commercial 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim][cl] and synthesized protic imidazolium chlori ... | 2018 | 28888123 |
| identification of major quantitative trait loci for root diameter in synthetic hexaploid wheat under phosphorus-deficient conditions. | synthetic hexaploid wheat (shw) possesses numerous genes for resistance to stress, including phosphorus (p) deficiency. root diameter (rdm) plays an important role in p-deficiency tolerance, but information related to shw is still limited. thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic architecture of rdm in shw under p-deficient conditions. to this end, we measured the rdm of 138 f9 recombinant inbred lines derived from an f2 population of a synthetic hexaploid wheat line (shw ... | 2017 | 28887804 |
| development of a set of pcr markers specific to aegilops longissima chromosome arms and application in breeding a translocation line. | transcriptome data were used to develop 134 aegilops longissima specific pcr markers and their comparative maps were constructed by contrasting with the homologous genes in the wheat b genome. three wheat- ae. longissima 1bl·1s l s translocation lines were identified using the correspondence markers. aegilops longissima is an important wild species of common wheat that harbors many genes that can be used to improve various traits of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to efficiently transfer th ... | 2018 | 28887628 |
| quantitative genetics of disease resistance in wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the top three global food security crops. fusarium head blight is one of the major constraints in sustainable wheat production and resistance to the disease is polygenic. this review provides an overview of recent efforts in mapping these genes/loci with the objective to aid marker-assisted selection breeding. | 2017 | 28885177 |
| geostatistical characterization of cereal leaf beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) distributions in wheat. | a 3-yr study was conducted in wheat, triticum aestivum l., in south carolina to characterize the spatial distribution of oulema melanopus (l.) adults, eggs, and larvae using semivariograms, which provides a measure of spatial dependence among sampling data. moran's i coefficients for peak densities of each life stage indicated significant positive autocorrelation for seven (two for eggs, one for larvae, and four for adults) of the 16 datasets. aggregation was detected in 13 of these 16 datasets ... | 2017 | 28881956 |
| changes in soil microbial communities after 10 years of winter wheat cultivation versus fallow in an organic-poor soil in the loess plateau of china. | agricultural management methods, such as cultivation or fallowing, have led to significant changes in soil fertility and hence, crop yield. such changes may have stemmed from changes in soil microbial communities and associated biogeochemical processes. this phenomenon is particularly true in organic-poor soil in the loess plateau of china. in this study, we examined three existing soil management regimes as part of a 10-year field experiment and evaluated their effects on fungal and bacterial c ... | 2017 | 28880897 |
| physiologic and metabolic effects of exogenous kojic acid and tyrosol, chemicals produced by endophytic fungus, on wheat seeds germination. | antioxidant compounds have the ability to scavenge the reactive oxygen species in an attempt to minimise damage in seeds during the germination. this study aimed to evaluate the physiological and metabolic process of two well-established antioxidant compounds: kojic acid and hydroxyphenyl ethanol (tyrosol), at increasing concentrations, on wheat seeds. the use of different concentrations of tyrosol or kojic acid not showed any interference on seed germination rate. however, we observed isolated ... | 2017 | 28880115 |
| effect of co-segregating markers on high-density genetic maps and prediction of map expansion using machine learning algorithms. | advances in sequencing and genotyping methods have enable cost-effective production of high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers, making them the choice for linkage mapping. as a result, many laboratories have developed high-throughput snp assays and built high-density genetic maps. however, the number of markers may, by orders of magnitude, exceed the resolution of recombination for a given population size so that only a minority of markers can accurately be ordered. another ... | 2017 | 28878789 |
| rna sequencing and co-expressed long non-coding rna in modern and wild wheats. | there is an urgent need for the improvement of drought-tolerant bread and durum wheat. the huge and complex genome of bread wheat (bbaadd genome) stands as a vital obstruction for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance. however, tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum ssp., bbaa genome) is an ancestor of modern bread wheat and offers an important model for studying the drought response due to its less complex genome. additionally, several wild relatives of tetraploid whea ... | 2017 | 28878329 |
| quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the tolerance of wheat to salt stress in response to enterobacter cloacae sbp-8. | salinity stress adversely affects the plant growth and is a major constraint to agriculture. in the present study, we studied the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) enterobacter cloacae sbp-8 possessing acc deaminase activity on proteome profile of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under high salinity (200 mm nacl) stress. the aim of study was to investigate the differential expressed protein in selected three (t-1, t-2, t-3) treatments and absolute quantification (ms/ms analysis) w ... | 2017 | 28877183 |
| differential expression of albumins and globulins of wheat flours of different technological qualities revealed by nanouplc-udmse. | soluble proteins were extracted from common wheat flour obtained from nine cultivars of different qualities and were analyzed by nanouplc and ultra definition mass spectrometry (udmse) label-free quantitative approach. collectively, 5894 proteins were identified and quantified with 8 peptides/protein. a total of 414 proteins were found differentially expressed with 85% proteins not yet described in the literature, according to their biological function. quality-related proteins, such as puroindo ... | 2018 | 28873519 |
| allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars. | glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and dough. the glutenin constitutes 30-40% of the protein in wheat flour and about half of that in gluten. it is essential to identify correct glutenin alleles and to improve wheat quality by selecting alleles that exert favorable effects. moroccan wheat cultivars are unique in west asia and north africa region, since many of them possess resistance to hessian fly, a pest, which is becoming important in othe ... | 2017 | 28868214 |
| absorption kinetics and subcellular fractionation of zinc in winter wheat in response to nitrogen supply. | nitrogen (n) is critical for zinc (zn) absorption into plant roots; this in turn allows for zn accumulation and biofortification of grain in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), an important food crop. however, little is known about root morphology and subcellular zn distribution in response to n treatment at different levels of zn supply. in this study, two nutrient solution culture experiments were conducted to examine zn accumulation, zn absorption kinetics, root morphology, and zn subcellula ... | 2017 | 28868060 |
| a combined association mapping and linkage analysis of kernel number per spike in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | kernel number per spike (knps) in wheat is a key factor that limits yield improvement. in this study, we genotyped a set of 264 cultivars, and a ril population derived from the cross yangmai 13/c615 using the 90 k wheat iselect snp array. we detected 62 significantly associated signals for knps at 47 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) loci through genome-wide association analysis of data obtained from multiple environments. these loci were on 19 chromosomes, and the phenotypic variation attrib ... | 2017 | 28868056 |
| transcriptome and proteome analysis reveal new insight into proximal and distal responses of wheat to foliar infection by xanthomonas translucens. | the molecular details of local plant response against xanthomonas translucens infection is largely unknown. moreover, there is no knowledge about effects of the pathogen on the root's transcriptome and proteome. therefore, we investigated the global gene and protein expression changes both in leaves and roots of wheat (triticum aestivum) 24 h post leaf infection of x. translucens. this simultaneous analysis allowed us to obtain insight into possible metabolic rearrangements in above- and belowgr ... | 2017 | 28860643 |
| phenotyping of field-grown wheat in the uk highlights contribution of light response of photosynthesis and flag leaf longevity to grain yield. | improving photosynthesis is a major target for increasing crop yields and ensuring food security. phenotyping of photosynthesis in the field is critical to understand the limits to crop performance in agricultural settings. yet, detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits is relatively scarce in field-grown wheat, with previous studies focusing on narrow germplasm selections. flag leaf photosynthetic traits, crop development, and yield traits were compared in 64 field-grown wheat cultivars in ... | 2017 | 28859373 |
| new insights into structural organization and gene duplication in a 1.75-mb genomic region harboring the α-gliadin gene family in aegilops tauschii, the source of wheat d genome. | among the wheat prolamins important for its end-use traits, α-gliadins are the most abundant, and are also a major cause of food-related allergies and intolerances. previous studies of various wheat species estimated that between 25 and 150 α-gliadin genes reside in the gli-2 locus regions. to better understand the evolution of this complex gene family, the dna sequence of a 1.75-mb genomic region spanning the gli-2 locus was analyzed in the diploid grass, aegilops tauschii, the ancestral source ... | 2017 | 28857322 |
| wheat flag leaf epicuticular wax morphology and composition in response to moderate drought stress are revealed by sem, ftir-atr and synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is the largest cereal crop grown in western canada where drought during late vegetative and seed filling stages affects plant development and yield. to identify new physiochemical markers associated with drought tolerance, epidermal characteristics of the flag leaf of two wheat cultivars with contrasting drought tolerance were investigated. the drought resistant 'stettler' had a lower drought susceptibility index, greater harvest index and water-use efficiency than t ... | 2017 | 28857201 |
| chromosome engineering techniques for targeted introgression of rust resistance from wild wheat relatives. | hexaploid wheat has relatively narrow genetic diversity due to its evolution and domestication history compared to its wild relatives that often carry agronomically important traits including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. many genes have been introgressed into wheat from wild relatives using various strategies and protocols. one of the important issues with these introgressions is linkage drag, i.e., in addition to beneficial genes, undesirable or deleterious genes that negatively i ... | 2017 | 28856649 |
| triticum aestivum sprout-derived polysaccharide exerts hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced liver damage by enhancing the antioxidant system in mice. | triticum aestivum sprout-derived polysaccharide (tasp) has anti-diabetic properties, but no information is available in regards to its protective effect against ethanol-induced hepatic injury. this study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the protective role of tasp against ethanol-induced liver injury in vivo. male c57bl/6 mice were administered ethanol with or without tasp for 10 consecutive days by oral gavage. silymarin was administered in the same manner as a positive control. tasp r ... | 2017 | 28849040 |
| a high-density consensus map of common wheat integrating four mapping populations scanned by the 90k snp array. | a high-density consensus map is a powerful tool for gene mapping, cloning and molecular marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. the objective of this study was to construct a high-density, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based consensus map of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by integrating genetic maps from four recombinant inbred line populations. the populations were each genotyped using the wheat 90k infinium iselect snp assay. a total of 29,692 snp markers were mapped on 21 lin ... | 2017 | 28848588 |
| molecular mapping of reduced plant height gene rht24 in bread wheat. | height is an important trait related to plant architecture and yield potential in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). we previously identified a major quantitative trait locus qph.caas-6a flanked by simple sequence repeat markers xbarc103 and xwmc256 that reduced height by 8.0-10.4%. here qph.caas-6a, designated as rht24, was confirmed using recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a jingdong 8/aikang 58 cross. the target sequences of xbarc103 and xwmc256 were used as queries to blast agains ... | 2017 | 28848582 |
| a wheat r2r3-type myb transcription factor taodorant1 positively regulates drought and salt stress responses in transgenic tobacco plants. | myb transcription factors play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. in this study, taodorant1, a r2r3-myb gene, was cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). taodorant1 was localized in the nucleus and functioned as a transcriptional activator. taodorant1 was up-regulated in wheat under peg6000, nacl, aba, and h2o2 treatments. taodorant1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher relative water content and lower water loss rate under drought stress, as ... | 2017 | 28848578 |
| uncovering male fertility transition responsive mirna in a wheat photo-thermosensitive genic male sterile line by deep sequencing and degradome analysis. | micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small rnas which play important negative regulatory roles at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants. wheat is the most commonly cultivated plant species worldwide. in this study, rna-seq analysis was used to examine the expression profiles of mirna in the spikelets of photo-thermosenisitive genic male sterile (ptgms) wheat line bs366 during male fertility transition. through mapping on their corresponding precursors, 917-7,762 novel m ... | 2017 | 28848574 |
| nitrate accumulation and leaching potential reduced by coupled water and nitrogen management in the huang-huai-hai plain. | irrigation and nitrogen (n) fertilization in excess of crop requirements are responsible for substantial nitrate accumulation in the soil profile and contamination of groundwater by nitrate leaching during intensive agricultural production. in this on-farm field trial, we compared 16 different water and n treatments on nitrate accumulation and its distribution in the soil profile (0-180cm), nitrate leaching potential, and groundwater nitrate concentration within a summer-maize (zea mays l.) and ... | 2018 | 28847090 |
| heritable heading time variation in wheat lines with the same number of ppd-b1 gene copies. | the ability of plants to identify an optimal flowering time is critical for ensuring the production of viable seeds. the main environmental factors that influence the flowering time include the ambient temperature and day length. in wheat, the ability to assess the day length is controlled by photoperiod (ppd) genes. due to its allohexaploid nature, bread wheat carries the following three ppd-1 genes: ppd-a1, ppd-b1 and ppd-d1. while photoperiod (in)sensitivity controlled by ppd-a1 and ppd-d1 is ... | 2017 | 28846721 |
| seed priming by sodium nitroprusside improves salt tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by enhancing physiological and biochemical parameters. | the germination, seedling vigor, crop establishment and yield of agronomically important crops is negatively affected by soil salinity. the current study aimed to investigate the ability of exogenous fertigation by sodium nitroprusside (snp) to induce salt tolerance in four high yielding wheat cultivars (sahar-06, punjab-11, millat-11 and galaxy-13) that differ in their response to salt stress in terms of biomass production, oxidative defense mechanisms and grain yield. three levels of snp (0, 0 ... | 2017 | 28843888 |
| modeling acute toxicity of metal mixtures to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using the biotic ligand model-based toxic units method. | the combined toxic effects of copper (cu) and cobalt (co) were predicted using the biotic ligand model (blm) for different concentrations of magnesium (mg2+) and ph levels, with parameters derived from cu-only and co-only toxicity data. the blm-based toxic unit (tu) approach was used for prediction. higher activities of mg2+ linearly increased the ec50 of cu and co, supporting the concept of competitive binding of mg2+ and metal ions in toxic action. the effects of ph on cu and co toxicity were ... | 2017 | 28842695 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci for seedling root traits from tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. tibetanum). | as a primitive hexaploid wheat resource distributed only in tibet, tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. tibetanum shao) possesses unique characteristics that could be exploited in wheat breeding programs. its good root system could offer a stable platform for above-ground components. to detect possible excellent locus for root traits from tibetan semi-wild wheat, we identified qtls for root traits using a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between tibetan semi-w ... | 2017 | 28841403 |
| chromosomes 1bs and 1rs for control of male fertility in wheats and triticales with cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi, ae. mutica and ae. uniaristata. | engineered chromosomes 1bs and 1rs offer a new alternative in the development of hybrid systems in bread wheat and triticale. in the cytoplasmic male sterility system for hybrid wheat based on the cytoplasm of triticum timopheevi fertility restoration is difficult, with few good restorer genes available. in the system based on the cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi, ae. uniaristata and ae. mutica, essentially all chromosomes 1b carry locus rf multi that restores male fertility; male sterility manif ... | 2017 | 28835997 |
| effect of zinc-lysine on growth, yield and cadmium uptake in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and health risk assessment. | cadmium (cd) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. the role of micronutrient-amino chelates on reducing cd toxicity in crop plants is recently introduced. the current study was conducted to highlight the role of foliar application of zinc-lysine (zn-lys) complex on biochemical and growth parameters and cd uptake in wheat (triticum aestivum) grown in aged cd-contaminated soil. foliar concentration of zn-lys (0, 10, 2 ... | 2017 | 28834770 |
| global profiling of alternative splicing landscape responsive to drought, heat and their combination in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | plant can acquire tolerance to environmental stresses via transcriptome reprogramming at transcriptional and alternative splicing (as) levels. however, how as coordinates with transcriptional regulation to contribute to abiotic stresses responses is still ambiguous. in this study, we performed genome-wide analyses of as responses to drought stress (ds), heat stress (hs) and their combination (hd) in wheat seedlings, and further compared them with transcriptional responses. in total, we found 200 ... | 2017 | 28834352 |
| aluminum complexation with malate within the root apoplast differs between aluminum resistant and sensitive wheat lines. | in wheat (triticum aestivum), it is commonly assumed that al is detoxified by the release of organic anions into the rhizosphere, but it is also possible that detoxification occurs within the apoplast and symplast of the root itself. using al-resistant (et8) and al-sensitive (es8) near-isogenic lines of wheat, we utilized traditional and synchrotron-based approaches to provide in situ analyses of the distribution and speciation of al within root tissues. some al appeared to be complexed external ... | 2017 | 28824696 |
| determination of norflurazon concentration in wheat leaves using a modified quechers method. | the aim of this analytical study was to develop and validate an easy-to-use method for measuring the actual level of norflurazon that accumulates in leaves. we amended the quechers method, i.e. quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe, which is widely used for pesticide and herbicide analysis in food, and usually combined with hplc-ms detection. we adapted this method for the detection of norflurazon in leaves or leaf fragments and proposed a useful modification using of hplc-uv detection ... | 2017 | 28822995 |
| large-scale proteomics combined with transgenic experiments demonstrates an important role of jasmonic acid in potassium deficiency response in wheat and rice. | potassium (k+) is the most abundant inorganic cation in plants, and molecular dissection of k+ deficiency has received considerable interest in order to minimize k+ fertilizer input and develop high quality k+-efficient crops. however, the molecular mechanism of plant responses to k+ deficiency is still poorly understood. in this study, 2-week-old bread wheat seedlings grown hydroponically in hoagland solution were transferred to k+-free conditions for 8 d, and their root and leaf proteome profi ... | 2017 | 28821602 |
| global analysis of gene expression in response to whole-chromosome aneuploidy in hexaploid wheat. | aneuploidy, a condition of unbalanced chromosome content, represents a large-effect mutation that bears significant relevance to human health and microbe adaptation. as such, extensive studies of aneuploidy have been conducted in unicellular model organisms and cancer cells. aneuploidy also frequently is associated with plant polyploidization, but its impact on gene expression and its relevance to polyploid genome evolution/functional innovation remain largely unknown. here, we used a panel of d ... | 2017 | 28821592 |
| soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer. | there is increasing evidence showing that microbes can influence plant-insect interactions. in addition, various studies have shown that aboveground pathogens can alter the interactions between plants and insects. however, little is known about the role of soil-borne pathogens in plant-insect interactions. it is also not known how environmental conditions, that steer the performance of soil-borne pathogens, might influence these microbe-plant-insect interactions. here, we studied effects of the ... | 2017 | 28817594 |
| the genetic characteristics in cytology and plant physiology of two wheat (triticum aestivum) near isogenic lines with different freezing tolerances. | freezing tolerance in taft plants relied more upon an aba-independent- than an aba-dependent antifreeze signaling pathway. two wheat (triticum aestivum) near isogenic lines (nil) named tafs (freezing sensitivity) and taft (freezing tolerance) were isolated in the laboratory and their various cytological and physiological characteristics under freezing conditions were studied. proplastid, cell membrane, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were less damaged by freezing treatment in taft than tafs pla ... | 2017 | 28808769 |
| transcriptome association identifies regulators of wheat spike architecture. | the architecture of wheat (triticum aestivum) inflorescence and its complexity is among the most important agronomic traits that influence yield. for example, wheat spikes vary considerably in the number of spikelets, which are specialized reproductive branches, and the number of florets, which are spikelet branches that produce seeds. the large and repetitive nature of the three homologous and highly similar subgenomes of wheat has impeded attempts at using genetic approaches to uncover benefic ... | 2017 | 28807930 |
| structure annotation and quantification of wheat seed oxidized lipids by high-resolution lc-ms/ms. | lipid oxidation is a process ubiquitous in life, but the direct and comprehensive analysis of oxidized lipids has been limited by available analytical methods. we applied high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) to quantify oxidized lipids (glycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and galactolipids) and implemented a platform-independent high-throughput-amenable analysis pipeline for the high-confidence annotation and ... | 2017 | 28801536 |
| the variation analysis of dna methylation in wheat carrying gametocidal chromosome 3c from aegilops triuncialis. | gametocidal (gc) chromosomes can ensure their preferential transmission by killing the gametes without themselves through causing chromosome breakage and therefore have been exploited as an effective tool for genetic breeding. however, to date very little is known about the molecular mechanism of gc action. in this study, we used methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (msap) technique to assess the extent and pattern of cytosine methylation alterations at the whole genome level between two ... | 2017 | 28796162 |
| silicon and water-deficit stress differentially modulate physiology and ultrastructure in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | plants combat drought stress by coordinating various metabolic enzymes, and endogenous phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid (iaa) and abscisic acid (aba). in the present study, 37-day-old wheat seedlings were subjected to the hoagland solution with 20% peg for 7 days (to create the artificial osmotic stress environment) in the greenhouse, and were supplemented with an optimized concentration (1.0 mm) of silicon (si) to alleviate the negative effects of former stress on physiological, bioche ... | 2017 | 28794928 |
| qtl mapping for nine drought-responsive agronomic traits in bread wheat under irrigated and rain-fed environments. | in bread wheat, qtl interval mapping was conducted for nine important drought responsive agronomic traits. for this purpose, a doubled haploid (dh) mapping population derived from kukri/excalibur was grown over three years at four separate locations in india, both under irrigated and rain-fed environments. single locus analysis using composite interval mapping (cim) allowed detection of 98 qtl, which included 66 qtl for nine individual agronomic traits and 32 qtl, which affected drought sensitiv ... | 2017 | 28793327 |
| itraq and virus-induced gene silencing revealed three proteins involved in cold response in bread wheat. | by comparing the differentially accumulated proteins from the derivatives (uc 1110 × pi 610750) in the f10 recombinant inbred line population which differed in cold-tolerance, altogether 223 proteins with significantly altered abundance were identified. the comparison of 10 cold-sensitive descendant lines with 10 cold-tolerant descendant lines identified 140 proteins that showed decreased protein abundance, such as the components of the photosynthesis apparatus and cell-wall metabolism. the iden ... | 2017 | 28790462 |
| wheat tapub1 modulates plant drought stress resistance by improving antioxidant capability. | e3 ligases play significant roles in plant stress tolerance by targeting specific substrate proteins for post-translational modification. in a previous study, we cloned tapub1 from triticum aestivum l., which encodes a u-box e3 ligase. real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that the gene was up-regulated under drought stress. to investigate the function of tapub1 in the response of plants to drought, we generated transgenic nicotiana benthamiana (n. benthamiana) plants constitutively expre ... | 2017 | 28790447 |
| effect of extra cysteine residue of new mutant 1ax1 subunit on the functional properties of common wheat. | subunit pair 1dx5 + 1dy10 was recognized as superior subunit combination in wheat and contained an extra repetitive-domain cysteine residue in 1dx5 that was important for understanding the formation of dough viscoelasticity. in this research, one specific serine codon of the 1ax1 gene corresponding to the extra cysteine residue of 1dx5 was substituted by a cysteine codon through site-directed mutagenesis. four homozygous transgenic lines (t4) expressing the mutant 1ax1 gene (mut1ax1) were produc ... | 2017 | 28790347 |
| diabetogenic potential of ancestral and modern wheat landraces. | dear editor, we read with interest the article by gorelick et al. [1], who assayed the diabetogenic potential of two ancestral wheat landraces (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and spp. dicoccum), compared to a modern wheat cultivar (t. aestivum) in nod mice. [...]. | 2017 | 28788067 |
| evolutionary agroecology: individual fitness and population yield in wheat (triticum aestivum). | although the importance of group selection in nature is highly controversial, several researchers have argued that plant breeding for agriculture should be based on group selection, because the goal in agriculture is to optimize population production, not individual fitness. a core hypothesis behind this claim is that crop genotypes with the highest individual fitness in a mixture of genotypes will not produce the highest population yield, because fitness is often increased by "selfish" behavior ... | 2017 | 28783218 |
| characterization of molecular diversity and genome-wide mapping of loci associated with resistance to stripe rust and stem rust in ethiopian bread wheat accessions. | the narrow genetic basis of resistance in modern wheat cultivars and the strong selection response of pathogen populations have been responsible for periodic and devastating epidemics of the wheat rust diseases. characterizing new sources of resistance and incorporating multiple genes into elite cultivars is the most widely accepted current mechanism to achieve durable varietal performance against changes in pathogen virulence. here, we report a high-density molecular characterization and genome ... | 2017 | 28778144 |
| the role of zip transporters and group f bzip transcription factors in the zn-deficiency response of wheat (triticum aestivum). | understanding the molecular basis of zinc (zn) uptake and transport in staple cereal crops is critical for improving both zn content and tolerance to low-zn soils. this study demonstrates the importance of group f bzip transcription factors and zip transporters in responses to zn deficiency in wheat (triticum aestivum). seven group f tabzip genes and 14 zips with homeologs were identified in hexaploid wheat. promoter analysis revealed the presence of zn-deficiency-response elements (zdres) in a ... | 2017 | 28771859 |
| altered expression of the tarsl2 gene contributed to variation in root hair length during allopolyploid wheat evolution. | altered expression of the tarsl2 gene was positively correlated with variation in root hair length during allopolyploid wheat evolution, and overexpression of tarsl2 in arabidopsis increases root hair length. root hairs aid nutrient and water uptake and anchor the plant in the soil. allopolyploid wheats display significant growth vigor in terms of root hair length compared to their diploid progenitors, but little is known about the molecular basis of variation in root hair length during wheat al ... | 2017 | 28770336 |
| nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide mediate wounding-induced freezing tolerance through modifications in photosystem and antioxidant system in wheat. | mechanical wounding is a common stress caused by herbivores or manual and natural manipulations, whereas its roles in acclimation response to a wide spectrum of abiotic stresses remain unclear. the present work showed that local mechanical wounding enhanced freezing tolerance in untreated systemic leaves of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.), and meanwhile the signal molecules hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and nitric oxide (no) were accumulated systemically. pharmacological study showed that woundin ... | 2017 | 28769973 |
| the influence of chemical protection on the content of heavy metals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growing on the soil enriched with granular sludge. | the presence of heavy metals in triticum aestivum l. growing on the soil enriched with granular sludge after chemical protection was observed. the five variants of treatments using herbicide (chwastox turbo 340sl) and four fungicides (topsin m 500sc, amistar 250sc, artea 330ec, and falcon 460ec) were performed. on control and experimental plots, the concentration of ni, pb, cr, and cu in wheat leaves were in the range 0.32-0.99, 0.92-1.57, 0.89-6.31, and 7.08-12.59 mg/kg and in grains 0.03 to 0. ... | 2017 | 28762146 |
| development of a high-density linkage map and mapping of the three-pistil gene (pis1) in wheat using gbs markers. | the wheat mutant line three-pistil (tp) exhibits three pistils per floret. as tp normally has two or three seeds in each of the florets on the same spike, there is the possibility of increasing the number of grains per spike. therefore, tp is a highly valuable mutant for breeding and for the study of floral development in wheat. to map the three-pistil gene (pis1), genotyping-by-sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism (gbs-snp) data from an f2 mapping population (cm28 × cm28tp) was used to con ... | 2017 | 28760136 |
| molecular cytogenetic identification of a wheat - thinopyrum ponticum substitution line with stripe rust resistance. | thinopyrum ponticum (th. ponticum) (2n = 10x = 70) is an important breeding material with excellent resistance and stress tolerance. in this study, we characterized the derivative line ch1113-b13-1-1-2-1 (ch1113-b13) through cytological, morphological, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), expressed sequence tag (est), and pcr-based landmark unique gene (plug) marker analysis. the gish analysis revealed that ch1113-b13 contained 20 pairs of common wheat ... | 2017 | 28759728 |
| observation of extensive chromosome axis remodeling during the "diffuse-phase" of meiosis in large genome cereals. | the production of balanced fertile haploid gametes requires the faithful separation of paired (synapsed) chromosomes toward the end of meiotic prophase i (desynapsis). this involves the timely dissolution of the synaptonemal complex during the pachytene-diplotene transition, a stage traditionally referred to as the "diffuse stage." in species with large genomes such as, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) we know most about the early stages of meiotic prophase i. there, ... | 2017 | 28751906 |
| functional characterization of tasnrk2.8 promoter in response to abiotic stresses by deletion analysis in transgenic arabidopsis. | drought, salinity, and cold are the major factors limiting wheat quality and productivity; it is thus highly desirable to characterize the abiotic-stress-inducible promoters suitable for the genetic improvement of plant resistance. the sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (snrk2) family genes show distinct regulatory properties in response to abiotic stresses. the present study characterized the approximately 3000-bp upstream sequence (the 313 bp upstream of the atg was the transcri ... | 2017 | 28751901 |
| comprehensive molecular analysis of arginase-encoding genes in common wheat and its progenitor species. | arginase (arg) contributes to nitrogen remobilization by conversion of arginine to ornithine and urea. however, wheat arg genes have not yet been identified. here we isolated and characterized arg genes from wheat and its progenitor species and found that a single copy was present in wheat progenitors. three common wheat arg genes of taarg-2as, taarg-2bs, and taarg-2ds were experimentally assigned to the short arms of the group 2 chromosomes. we found an in-frame stop codon in taarg-2as, but not ... | 2017 | 28747704 |
| wheat multiple synthetic derivatives: a new source for heat stress tolerance adaptive traits. | heat stress is detrimental to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) productivity. in this study, we aimed to select heat-tolerant plants from a multiple synthetic derivatives (msd) population and evaluate their agronomic and physiological traits. we selected six tolerant plants from the population with the background of the cultivar 'norin 61' (n61) and established six mnh (msd population of n61 selected as heat stress-tolerant) lines. we grew these lines with n61 in the field and growth chamber. in the ... | 2017 | 28744178 |
| thermal, pasting and morphological properties of starch granules of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties. | large (a) and small (b) granules of wheat starch were separated and their morphological, thermal, structural and pasting properties were investigated. the pasting properties of starches from two wheat varieties showed significant differences. for wheat variety c-306, the unfractionated starch showed higher peak, trough, breakdown, final, and setback viscosities than the starch isolated from wheat variety wh-147. on the contrary, unfractionated starch of variety wh-147 has higher pasting temperat ... | 2017 | 28740298 |
| agronomic effectiveness of granulated and powdered p-exchanged mg-al ldh relative to struvite and map. | layered double hydroxides (ldhs) used to recover p from wastewater have recently been proposed as new slow-release fertilizers. here, the use of p-exchanged mg-al ldhs as powdered or granulated fertilizer is explored and compared with monoammonium phosphate (map), a fully water-soluble fertilizer, and with struvite, a recycled phosphate fertilizer with lower solubility. first, these three fertilizers were compared in a 100-day incubation experiment using p diffusion visualization and chemical an ... | 2017 | 28731709 |
| physiological traits determining yield tolerance of wheat to foliar diseases. | tolerance is defined as the ability of one cultivar to yield more than another cultivar under similar disease severity. if both cultivars suffer an equal loss in healthy (green) leaf area duration (had) over the grain filling period due to disease presence, then the yield loss per unit had loss is smaller for a more tolerant cultivar. little is understood of what physiological and developmental traits of cultivars determine disease tolerance. in this study, we use a mathematical model of wheat t ... | 2017 | 28730873 |
| comprehensive multiphase (cmp) nmr monitoring of the structural changes and molecular flux within a growing seed. | a relatively recent technique termed comprehensive multiphase (cmp) nmr spectroscopy was used to investigate the growth and associated metabolomic changes of 13c-labeled wheat seeds and germinated seedlings. cmp-nmr enables the study of all phases in intact samples (i.e., liquid, gel-like, semisolid, and solid), by combining all required electronics into a single nmr probe, and can be used for investigating biological processes such as seed germination. all components, from the most liquid-like ... | 2017 | 28727919 |
| physical map of the short arm of bread wheat chromosome 3d. | bread wheat ( l.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. although a reference genome sequence would represent a valuable resource for wheat improvement through genomics-assisted breeding and gene cloning, its generation has long been hampered by its allohexaploidy, high repeat content, and large size. as a part of a project coordinated by the international wheat genome sequencing consortium (iwgsc), a physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 3d (3ds) was prepared to facilitate re ... | 2017 | 28724077 |