| defensin from disk abalone haliotis discus discus: molecular cloning, sequence characterization and immune response against bacterial infection. | gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides (amps) serve a major role in host defense systems against pathogens. in this study, cdna of a new mollusk defensin was identified from a normalized cdna library constructed from whole tissues of disk abalone. abalone defensin peptide (pro-defensin) has a 198-bp coding sequence comprised of a putative 66 amino acids with a mature defensin consisting of 48 amino acid residues. the presence of an invertebrate defensin family domain, an arrangement of six cysteine ... | 2010 | 19922800 |
| solution nmr structures of proteins vpa0419 from vibrio parahaemolyticus and yiis from shigella flexneri provide structural coverage for protein domain family pfam 04175. | | 2010 | 19927321 |
| factors influencing survival of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella enterica (serovar typhimurium) and vibrio parahaemolyticus in marine environments. | the presence and persistence of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is poorly investigated in marine habitats. here we compared etec with the more studied fecal contaminant, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. enterica) and the marine bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus. all three species of bacteria were culturable on agar plates during 8 weeks of incubation in seawater. however, the culturability of etec was positively affected by low temperature whereas v. parahaemolyticus was negat ... | 2010 | 19930458 |
| association of vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin with lipid rafts is essential for cytotoxicity but not hemolytic activity. | thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), a major virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus, induces cytotoxicity in cultured cells. however, the mechanism of tdh's cytotoxic effect including its target molecules on the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells remains unclear. in this study, we identified the role of lipid rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains, in tdh cytotoxicity. treatment of cells with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mbetacd), a raft-disrupting agent, inhibited tdh cyt ... | 2010 | 19933828 |
| retention of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster tissues after chlorine dioxide treatment. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important food-borne bacterium that is closely related to food poisoning from consumption of raw or lightly-cooked oysters. therefore, intensive efforts must be taken to depurate the contaminated oysters. chlorine dioxide (clo2) is considered to be a safe and effective disinfectant and is routinely applied for treatment of drinking water and seafood. however, the retention of v. parahaemolyticus in oyster tissues has not yet been explored after using clo2 as a disin ... | 2010 | 19939486 |
| development of a haemolysin gene-based multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of vibrio campbellii, vibrio harveyi and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | to develop a haemolysin (hly) gene-based species-specific multiplex pcr for simple and rapid detection of vibrio campbellii, v. harveyi and v. parahaemolyticus. | 2010 | 19943887 |
| identification and characterization of the pathogenic effect of a vibrio parahaemolyticus-related bacterium isolated from clam meretrix meretrix with mass mortality. | a mass mortality of clam, meretrix meretrix, occurred in jiangsu province of china in the late september of 2007. of the isolates obtained from the diseased clams, mm21 had the strongest virulence to the clam in the virulence test, with a ld50 value of approximately 6 x 10(6)cfu ml(-1). mm21 was identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus by the vitek 2 compact system and 16s rdna sequencing. detection of virulence-associated genes by pcr indicated that mm21 was positive for toxr and tlh, and negative ... | 2010 | 19945463 |
| american oyster, crassostrea virginica, expresses a potent antibacterial histone h2b protein. | an antibacterial protein was purified from acidified gill extract of a bivalve mollusk, the american oyster (crassostrea virginica). protein isolation was best accomplished by briefly boiling the tissues in a weak acetic acid solution. adding protease inhibitors while boiling did not have a major effect on activity recovery. in contrast, use of only protease inhibitors (without boiling) resulted in virtually no recovery of this activity. the amino acid sequence of this antibacterial protein was ... | 2010 | 19949827 |
| [development of taqman real-time pcr in detection of aeromonas hydrophila]. | to develop a taqman real-time pcr for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila. | 2009 | 19954074 |
| the low-salt stimulon in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated bacterial gastroenteritis and is a moderately halophilic, salt-requiring bacterium. global gene expression profiles of v. parahaemolyticus grown under 2% and 0.66% nacl were compared to define the low-salt stimulon. the ectabc-lysc operon for synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine, as well as three compatible solute transport systems, namely prou (glycine betaine), opud1 (glycine betaine) and pot2 (spermidine), was up-regulat ... | 2010 | 19954854 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of the tdh and trh genes of vibrio parahaemolyticus and related vibrio species. | thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are the major virulence determinants of vibrio parahaemolyticus. trh is further differentiated into trh1 and trh2 on the basis of genetic and phenotypic differences. we developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for sensitive and rapid detection of the tdh, trh1, and trh2 genes of v. parahaemolyticus. the lamp assay was designed for both combined and individual detection of the tdh, ... | 2010 | 19966027 |
| purification and characterization of phocaecin pi80: an anti-listerial bacteriocin produced by streptococcus phocae pi80 isolated from the gut of peneaus indicus (indian white shrimp). | a bacteriocin-producing strain pi80 was isolated from the gut of penaeus indicus (indian white shrimp) and identified as streptococcus phocae pi80. the bacteriocin was purified from a culture supernatant to homogeneity as confirmed by tricine sds-page. reverse-phase hplc analysis revealed a single active fraction eluted at 12.94 min, and maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 9.244 kda. this molecular mass does not correspond to previously described streptococcal ba ... | 2009 | 19996693 |
| temperature-dependency urease activity in vibrio parahaemolyticus is related to transcriptional activator urer. | vibrio parahaemolyticus possessing urease-positive property is relatively rare, but such strains consistently exhibit the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) gene. in this study, we examined the effects of incubation temperature on urease activity expression, using the th3996 and aq4673 strains where the enzyme activity is known to be temperature-dependent and -independent, respectively. in the th3996 strain, beta-galactosidase activity was 4.4-fold lower after 30 degrees c cultivation than after 37 deg ... | 2009 | 19996701 |
| evaluation of bactericidal activity of weakly acidic electrolyzed water (waew) against vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibriovulnificus cause severe foodborne illness in humans; thus, to reduce outbreaks of disease, it is clearly important to reduce food contamination by these pathogens. although electrolyzed oxidizing (eo) water has been reported to exhibit strong bactericidal activities against many pathogens, it has never been tested against v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal activity of weakly acidic electrolyzed water ... | 2010 | 20004034 |
| correlation between environmental factors and prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters harvested in the southern coastal area of sao paulo state, brazil. | the presence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in 123 oyster samples collected from an estuary on the southern coast of sao paulo state, brazil, was investigated. of the 123 samples, 99.2% were positive with densities ranging from < 3 to 10(5) most probable number (mpn)/g. densities correlated significantly with water temperature (r = 0.48; p < 0.001) but not with salinity (r = -0.09; p = 0.34). the effect of harvest site on counts was not significant (p > 0.05). these data provide information for the ... | 2010 | 20023076 |
| rapid identification and characterization of vibrio species using whole-cell maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | vibrio identification by means of traditional microbiological methods is time consuming because of the many biochemical tests that have to be performed to distinguish closely related species. this work aimed at evaluating the use of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of vibrio (v.) spp. as an advantageous application to rapidly discriminate the most important vibrio spp. and distinguish vibrio spp. from closely related bacterial species like photobacterium damselae and grim ... | 2010 | 20059616 |
| disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) expresses a novel antistasin-like serine protease inhibitor: molecular cloning and immune response against bacterial infection. | a novel antistasin-like cdna homologue named as ab-antistasin was isolated from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus normalized cdna library. the ab-antistasin (1398-bp) consisted of an 1185-bp open reading frame encoding 395 amino acid (aa) residues. the predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of ab-antistasin was 44 kda and 8.5, respectively, and showed highest identity (23.1%) to hydra magnipapillata antistasin. the most striking feature of ab-antistasin is the 12-fold internal repe ... | 2010 | 20060477 |
| two regulators of vibrio parahaemolyticus play important roles in enterotoxicity by controlling the expression of genes in the vp-pai region. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen causing food-borne disease worldwide. an 80-kb pathogenicity island (vp-pai), which contains two tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) genes and a set of genes for the type iii secretion system (t3ss2), is closely related to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. however, the regulatory mechanisms of vp-pai's gene expression are poorly understood. here we report that two novel toxr-like transcriptional regulatory proteins (vtra and vtrb) regulate the ... | 2010 | 20084267 |
| contribution of vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors to cytotoxicity, enterotoxicity, and lethality in mice. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the human-pathogenic vibrios, causes three major types of clinical illness: gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) secreted by this bacterium has been considered a major virulence factor of gastroenteritis because it has biological activities, including cytotoxic and enterotoxic activities. previous reports revealed that v. parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633, which contains tdh, has two sets of type iii secretion sy ... | 2010 | 20086084 |
| ecology of pathogenic and non-pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus on the french atlantic coast. effects of temperature, salinity, turbidity and chlorophyll a. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the principal bacterial causes for seafood-borne gastroenteritis in the world. in the present study, three sites located on the french atlantic coast were monitored monthly for environmental parameters over 1 year. the presence of total and pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus in sediment, water and mussel samples was detected following enrichment by culture and real-time pcr (toxr gene, tdh, trh1 and trh2 virulence genes). using generalized linear models, we showed t ... | 2010 | 20100246 |
| a new group of cosmopolitan bacteriophages induce a carrier state in the pandemic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a clonal population of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3 : k6 serovar has spread in coastal waters, causing outbreaks worldwide since 1996. bacteriophage infection is one of the main factors affecting bacterial strain concentration in the ocean. we studied the occurrence and properties of phages infecting this v. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain in coastal waters. analysing 143 samples, phages were found in 13. all isolates clustered in a closely related group of podophages with at least 90% ... | 2010 | 20105216 |
| [effect of ultra high pressure treatment on vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | we explored the mechanism of the microbial inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure. | 2009 | 20112678 |
| [a multipathogen selective enrichment broth (svv) for simultaneous growth of salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio cholerae]. | we formulated a selective enrichment broth (svv) for simultaneous growth of salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio cholerae by single factor experiment and response surface method. we evaluated the enrichment effect of svv by conventional culture method and real-time pcr assay. we obtained the svv broth by supplementting the buffered peptone water (bpw) with bile salt no. 3, potassium tellurite, and sodium citrate as inhibitors, and glucose, mannitol, snhydrous sodium sulfite and sodium ... | 2009 | 20112694 |
| distribution of genes encoding four pathogenicity islands (vpais), t6ss, biofilm, and type i pilus in food and clinical strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus in china. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in china, japan, and other countries. the pandemic o3:k6 clone, which harbors thermostable direct hemolysin [tdh] gene and toxrs/new gene, is mainly responsible for the foodborne outbreaks after 1995. previous studies showed that genes in the pathogenicity island-1 (vpai-1) and vpai-5 are harbored only by pandemic strains, whereas genes in vpai-7 and type iii secretion system 2 are closely associated with tdh-positive strains ... | 2010 | 20132020 |
| [etiological analysis of enteric infectious diseases during beijing olympic games]. | to understand pathogen patterns of enteric infectious diseases and its impact on this pattern due to aggregation of a great deal of foreign visitors during beijing olympic games. | 2009 | 20137562 |
| occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and its specific phages from shrimp ponds in east coast of india. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a natural microflora of marine and coastal water bodies and associated with mortality of larval shrimp in penaeid shrimp in ponds. bacteriophages occur virtually in all places where their hosts exist. in this study, total distribution of v. parahaemolyticus and its phages were examined in shrimp ponds, seawater, estuary, animal surface, and tissues. total vibrio count in sediments of two ponds was found to be 2.6 × 10(3) and 5.6 × 10(3) cfu/g. incidence of v. parahaemo ... | 2010 | 20140436 |
| predicting the distribution of vibrio spp. in the chesapeake bay: a vibrio cholerae case study. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a naturally occurring inhabitant of the chesapeake bay and serves as a predictor for other clinically important vibrios, including vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. a system was constructed to predict the likelihood of the presence of v. cholerae in surface waters of the chesapeake bay, with the goal to provide forecasts of the occurrence of this and related pathogenic vibrio spp. prediction was achieved by driving an available mul ... | 2010 | 20145974 |
| development of a toxr-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-related bacterial gastroenteritis and outbreaks worldwide. sensitive and specific detection methods are needed to better control v. parahaemolyticus infections. this study aimed at developing a highly specific and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for detecting v. parahaemolyticus in oysters. a set of five lamp primers, two outer, two inner, and one loop were designed based on the published v. parahaemolyticus toxr ... | 2010 | 20146814 |
| immunoproteomic identification of polyvalent vaccine candidates from vibrio parahaemolyticus outer membrane proteins. | bacterium is still a major cause of many infectious diseases and a global threat to human health, aquaculture, and animal feeding. prevention by vaccination is the most efficient and economical way of fighting bacterial diseases, but one of the persistent challenges to prevent bacterial infections and disease transmissions is the existence of multiple bacterial species, families, and genera and the lack of efficient polyvalent vaccines against them. the information on candidate immunogens for po ... | 2010 | 20148598 |
| isolation, gene cloning and expression profile of a pathogen recognition protein: a serine proteinase homolog (sp-sph) involved in the antibacterial response in the crab scylla paramamosain. | to identify the frontline defense molecules against microbial infection in the crab scylla paramamosain, a live crab pathogenic microbe, vibrio parahaemolyticus, was recruited as an affinity matrix to isolate innate immune factors from crab hemocytes lysate. interestingly, a serine proteinase homolog (sp-sph) was obtained together with an antimicrobial peptide-antilipopolysaccharide factor (sp-alf). we then determined the full-length cdna sequence of sp-sph, which contained 1298bp with an open r ... | 2010 | 20153768 |
| molecular evidence for the existence of lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) and rel/nf-kb pathways in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus). | the lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) and rel family nuclear factor kappab (rel/nf-kb) are two important transcription factors which play major roles in the regulating inflammatory cytokine, apoptosis and immune related genes. here, we report the discovery of disk abalone litaf (ablitaf) and rel/nf-kb (abrel/nf-kb) homologues and their immune responses. full-length cdna of ablitaf consists of 441 bp open reading frame (orf) that translates into putative peptide of 147 aa. analy ... | 2010 | 20153832 |
| guaiane sesquiterpenes from seaweed ulva fasciata delile and their antibacterial properties. | two new guaiane sesquiterpene derivatives, guai-2-en-10alpha-ol (1) and guai-2-en-10alpha-methanol (2), were chromatographically purified as major constituents of the chcl3/ch3oh (1:1, v/v) soluble fraction of ulva fasciata. acetylation of 2 furnished guai-2-en-10alpha-methyl methanoate (3) with acetyl group at c11 position. the structures of the compounds were elucidated using one and two-dimensional nmr and mass spectrometric analysis. compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant inhibition to the ... | 2010 | 20163893 |
| a shared antigen among vibrio species: outer membrane protein-ompk as a versatile vibriosis vaccine candidate in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | the outer membrane protein-ompk has been considered as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of infections due to vibrio harveyi, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish. interestingly, the polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant ompk from v. harveyi strain ecgs020802 recognized the ompk homologues from other strains of vibrio species by immunoblotting. the ompk genes from 19 vibrio strains including v. harveyi (11), v. alginolyticus (6) and v. parahaemolyticus (2) w ... | 2010 | 20170736 |
| bacterial and viral pathogens in live oysters: 2007 united states market survey. | two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five u.s. food and drug administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (mpn) for total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic v. cholerae, salmonella spp., norovirus (nov), and hepatitis a virus (hav). levels of indica ... | 2010 | 20190085 |
| [isolation and characterization of shewanella spp. from patients of food poisoning]. | to identify the isolates of shewanella spp. from specimens of food poisoning based on biological and biochemical analysis. | 2009 | 20193210 |
| prevalence and quantification of vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at retail level. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the biosafety of vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at wet market and supermarket in malaysia. a combination of most probable number - polymerase chain reaction (mpn-pcr) method was applied to detect the presence of v. parahaemolyticus and to enumerate their density in the food samples. the study analyzed 276 samples of common vegetables eaten raw in malaysia (wild cosmos = 8; japanese parsley = 21; cabbage = 30; lettuce = 16; indian penn ... | 2010 | 20208446 |
| structural basis of o6-alkylguanine recognition by a bacterial alkyltransferase-like dna repair protein. | alkyltransferase-like proteins (atls) are a novel class of dna repair proteins related to o(6)-alkylguanine-dna alkyltransferases (agts) that tightly bind alkylated dna and shunt the damaged dna into the nucleotide excision repair pathway. here, we present the first structure of a bacterial atl, from vibrio parahaemolyticus (vpatl). we demonstrate that vpatl adopts an agt-like fold and that the protein is capable of tightly binding to o(6)-methylguanine-containing dna and disrupting its repair b ... | 2010 | 20212037 |
| [analysis of tdh gene and its adjacent loci of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafoods]. | to analyze the structural characteristics of tdh gene and its adjacent loci of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafoods. | 2009 | 20222441 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus-associated gastroenteritis in italy: persistent occurrence of o3:k6 pandemic clone and emergence of o1:kut serotype. | we report 2 cases of o3:k6 and o1:kut vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis associated with consumption of local mussels in italy in 2008. serotypic, antibiogram, toxigenic, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of these strains were compared to those of other isolates collected from local clinical and seafood samples in 2007 to 2008. we underline the recurrent presence of o3:k6 pandemic clone and the emergence of trh-positive o1:kut serotype in italy. | 2010 | 20226338 |
| [etiologic and molecular characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from diarrheal patients in shenzhen, in 2007 - 2008.]. | to study the infection status and the molecular characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diarrheal patients in shenzhen, in 2007 to 2008 and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 2010 | 20302699 |
| [preparation of a 96-microwell plate dna diagnostic chip for detection of foodborne bacteria and its application in an incident of food poisoning]. | to develop a 96-microwell plate dna diagnostic chip for simultaneous detection of 9 major foodborne bacteria. | 2010 | 20335099 |
| structure and functional characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin. | thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) is a major virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes pandemic foodborne enterocolitis mediated by seafood. tdh exists as a tetramer in solution, and it possesses extreme hemolytic activity. here, we present the crystal structure of the tdh tetramer at 1.5 a resolution. the tdh tetramer forms a central pore with dimensions of 23 a in diameter and approximately 50 a in depth. pi-cation interactions between protomers comprising the tetramer were ind ... | 2010 | 20335168 |
| presence of typical and atypical virulence genes in vibrio isolates belonging to the harveyi clade. | the study was aimed at investigating the presence of typical and atypical virulence genes in isolates belonging to the harveyi clade (vibrio harveyi and vibrio campbellii). | 2010 | 20345385 |
| the sodium/galactose symporter crystal structure is a dynamic, not so occluded state. | the recent elucidation of the sodium/galactose symporter structure from the vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterium, vsglt, has revealed a similarity in the core architecture with transporters from different gene families, including the leucine transporter (leut). even though several transporters sharing this core have been structurally determined over the past few years, vsglt is the only one crystallized in the substrate-bound inward-facing conformation so far. in this study, we report the first ins ... | 2010 | 20358053 |
| characterization of chitinolytic bacteria and histological aspects of shell disease syndrome in european spiny lobsters (palinurus elephas) (fabricius 1787). | the present research reports the first description of shell disease syndrome in european spiny lobsters palinurus elephas (fabricius 1787), which occurred in an experimental aquaculture facility in sicily (italy). both bacterial characterization and histopathological examination of the exoskeleton at site of lesions was carried out. infected specimens showed tail fan erosions, and in one case uropod ulceration and complete loss of periods. identified species included: listonella anguillarum 50.5 ... | 2010 | 20361978 |
| the primitive immune system of amphioxus provides insights into the ancestral structure of the vertebrate immune system. | amphioxus is considered to be the basal chordate. however, the structural and anatomical features of the amphioxus immune system are still elusive. here we report a profile of structural studies of the amphioxus gill and gut, the first line of defending against microbes, through optical and electron microscopy. the amphioxus gut and gill are characterized by the following morphological criteria compared with vertebrates: primary and secondary lymphoid-like tissue clustered in the gill, a thicker ... | 2010 | 20363248 |
| multiplexed real-time pcr amplification of tlh, tdh and trh genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus and its rapid detection in shellfish and gulf of mexico water. | in this study, we have developed a sybr green i-based real-time multiplexed pcr assay for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in gulf of mexico water (gulf water), artificially seeded and natural oysters targeting three hemolysin genes, tlh, tdh and trh in a single reaction. post-amplification melt-temperature analysis confirmed the amplification of all three targeted genes with high specificity. the detection sensitivity was 10 cfu (initial inoculum) in 1 ml of gulf water or oyster tissue ... | 2010 | 20376562 |
| pathogenic vibrio species in dutch shellfish destined for direct human consumption. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of shellfish-related gastroenteritis all over the world. v. parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus have previously been detected in water samples from the oosterschelde, a large inlet on the north sea, which is used for both recreational purposes and shellfish production. in 2006, oysters (crassostrea gigas) from a noncommercial oyster bed in the oosterschelde and oysters bought in dutch fish shops were tested for the presence of pathogenic vibrio spe ... | 2010 | 20377964 |
| [fabrication and evaluation of the enzyme immunosensor for rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus based on chitosan-sio2 hybrid membrane]. | to improve the key technology of immunesensors in immobilizing bio-sensitive element and keeping its bioactivity, an enzyme immunosensor based on chitosan-sio(2) (cs-sio(2)) hybrid membrane was fabricated. to estimate the new immunosensor vibrio parahaemolyticus which was the main pathogens of aquatic products. | 2010 | 20388366 |
| study of the efficacy of a closed cycle depuration system on bivalve molluscs. | the aim of this study was to develop and apply protocols for the microbiological depuration of bivalve molluscs (chamelea gallina and mitylus galloprovincialis). the study was divided into the following phases: preparation of two closed-circuit tanks fitted with mechanical, chemical and biological filtration systems for the depuration of bivalve molluscs, mollusc contamination and depuration, analyses of molluscs and depuration waters (biometric and microbiological tests) and statistical process ... | 2009 | 20391418 |
| serological and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus marine strains carrying pandemic genetic markers. | in 2005, pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus was reported to have been introduced in europe: o3:k6 strains were isolated from clinical cases in france and spain, and were found to be associated with consumption of contaminated seafood. on the contrary, pandemic strains were not isolated from seafood or from the environment itself. analysis of two v. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in may 2007 from northern italy seawater and plankton samples revealed the presence of the virulence gene tdh and the ... | 2010 | 20393570 |
| species-specific pcr detection of the food-borne pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus using the irgb gene identified by comparative genomic analysis. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is an enteric pathogen, which can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans after consumption of raw or partially cooked seafood, and specific molecular markers are necessary for its accurate identification by pcr methods. in the present study, 23 protein-coding sequences were identified by the comparative genomics method as v. parahaemolyticus-specific candidate markers. we targeted the irgb gene (vp2603), coding for iron-regulated virulence regulatory protein irgb, in order ... | 2010 | 20402781 |
| distribution of type iii secretion systems in vibrio parahaemolyticus from the northern gulf of mexico. | two well-characterized vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factors - thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related haemolysin - are produced by strains containing the tdh and trh genes, respectively. most strains of v. parahaemolyticus contain two nonredundant type iii secretion systems (t3ss), t3ss1 and t3ss2, both of which contribute to pathogenicity. furthermore, a recent study has revealed two distinct lineages of the v. parahaemolyticus t3ss2: t3ss2α and t3ss2β. the aim of this stu ... | 2010 | 20408916 |
| kinetic and structural insights into the mechanism of ampylation by vops fic domain. | the bacterial pathogen vibrio parahemeolyticus manipulates host signaling pathways during infections by injecting type iii effectors into the cytoplasm of the target cell. one of these effectors, vops, blocks actin assembly by ampylation of a conserved threonine residue in the switch 1 region of rho gtpases. the modified gtpases are no longer able to interact with downstream effectors due to steric hindrance by the covalently linked amp moiety. herein we analyze the structure of vops and its evo ... | 2010 | 20410310 |
| detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus through biochemical and molecular-based methodologies in coastal waters of the gulf of trieste (north adriatic sea). | culturable vibrios were isolated from seawater collected during an annual sampling study performed along the gulf of trieste coast (northern adriatic sea), and conventional culturing and identification methods were used to investigate the presence of vibrio parahaemolyticus. biochemically selected vibrio strains were subjected to phenotypical identification performed using alsina's scheme, api 20e and api 20ne. pcr and sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene and detection of the species-specific ... | 2010 | 20412305 |
| vp1659 is a vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 1 protein that contributes to translocation of effector proteins needed to induce cytolysis, autophagy, and disruption of actin structure in hela cells. | vibrio parahaemolyticus harbors two type iii secretion systems (t3sss; t3ss1 and t3ss2), of which t3ss1 is involved in host cell cytotoxicity. t3ss1 expression is positively regulated by exsa, and it is negatively regulated by exsd. we compared the secretion profiles of a wild-type strain (ny-4) of v. parahaemolyticus with those of an exsd deletion mutant (deltaexsd) and with a strain of ny-4 that overexpresses t3ss1 (ny-4:pexsa). from this comparison, we detected a previously uncharacterized pr ... | 2010 | 20418402 |
| characterization and expression analysis of ef hand domain-containing calcium-regulatory gene from disk abalone: calcium homeostasis and its role in immunity. | the complete amino acid sequence of a calcium-regulatory gene (denoted as ab-careg i) was identified from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus cdna library. the ab-careg i is composed of 176 amino acids and the calculated molecular mass and isoelectric point were 20 and 4.2, respectively. the sequence homology of ab-careg i was 28-30 and 18-27% of known calmodulin and troponin c, respectively. four characteristic calcium-binding ef hand motifs with some modifications at conserved positions of ... | 2010 | 20420919 |
| raw oysters can be a risk for infections. | the aims of this study were to count and identify sucrose positive and negative vibrios isolated from cultivated crassostrea rhizophorae oysters during their growing cycle. every month for 12 months, 10 to 18 oysters were collected for study. collections occurred at the center for studies of coastal aquaculture (csca), which is associated with the institute of marine science, labomar, located in euzebio, ceará, brazil. approximately 150 oysters and their intervalvular liquor were studied. vibrio ... | 2010 | 20428657 |
| new angucyclines and antimicrobial diketopiperazines from the marine mollusk-derived actinomycete saccharothrix espanaensis an 113. | two new angucyclines, saccharothrixmicines a (2) and b (3), together with three known diketopiperazines 4-6 were isolated from the actinomycete saccharothrix espanaensis an 113 associated with the marine mollusk anadara broughtoni. their structures were determined by hresi-ms and 1d and 2d nmr. compounds 2 and 3 differ in aglycone and glycosidic bond type. 2 is an alpha-l-6-deoxyaltrose-phenylglycoside of a benz[a]anthraquinone aglycone, while 3 is an o-glycoside of the same sugar linked to c-7 ... | 2010 | 20433079 |
| structural characterization of the predominant family of histidine kinase sensor domains. | histidine kinase (hk) receptors are used ubiquitously by bacteria to monitor environmental changes, and they are also prevalent in plants, fungi, and other protists. typical hk receptors have an extracellular sensor portion that detects a signal, usually a chemical ligand, and an intracellular transmitter portion that includes both the kinase domain itself and the site for histidine phosphorylation. while kinase domains are highly conserved, sensor domains are diverse. hk receptors function as d ... | 2010 | 20435045 |
| allograft inflammatory factor-1 in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular cloning, transcriptional regulation against immune challenge and tissue injury. | here, we report the identification and characterization of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) from disk abalone haliotis discus discus that was denoted as abaif-1. the full-length cdna of abaif-1 consists of a coding region (453 bp) for 151 amino acids with a 17 kda molecular mass. analysis of abaif-1 sequence showed that it shares characteristic two ef hand ca(+2)-binding motifs. results from phylogenetic analysis further confirm that abaif-1 is a member of the aif-1 family similar to inve ... | 2010 | 20435145 |
| vibriocidal activity of certain medicinal plants used in indian folklore medicine by tribals of mahakoshal region of central india. | screening of the medicinal plants and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) against vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 2009 | 20442821 |
| molecular characterization of ran gene up-regulated in large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea) immunity. | rangtpase, one family of small g protein superfamily, has been widely demonstrated to be involved in transport system between cytoplasm and nucleus. however the knowledge about the function of rangtpase in immunity remains limited. in this report, ran gene (named lycran) cdna was cloned from the large yellow croaker, pseudosciaena crocea, a marine fish. the full-length cdna of lycran was of 1033 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 43 bp, 3'-terminal utr of 338 bp and an open ... | 2010 | 20447461 |
| marine bacillus spp. associated with the egg capsule of concholepas concholepas (common name "loco") have an inhibitory activity toward the pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the pandemic bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus, isolated from seawater, sediment, and marine organisms, is responsible for gastroenteric illnesses in humans and also cause diseases in aquaculture industry in chile and other countries around the world. in this study, bacterial flora with inhibitory activity against pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus were collected from egg capsules of concholepas concholepas and evaluated. the 16s rrna fragment was sequenced from each isolated strain to determine its ... | 2010 | 20454959 |
| expression, purification, physicochemical characterization and structural analysis of cytochrome c554 from vibrio parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633. | the function of cytochrome c(554) of vibrio parahaemolyticus has not yet been determined. we have determined the physicochemical properties and crystal structure of cytochrome c(554) at 1.8 a in order to help elucidate its function. the physicochemical properties and the tertiary structure of cytochrome c(554) resemble those of dimeric cytochrome c(552) from pseudomonas nautica, but the vibrio genus contains no gene for nitrite reductase, cytochrome cd(1), in its genome dna. these results raise ... | 2010 | 20460700 |
| modulation of responses of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 to ph and temperature stresses by growth at different salt concentrations. | vibrio parahaemolyticus inhabits marine, brackish, and estuarine waters worldwide, where fluctuations in salinity pose a constant challenge to the osmotic stress response of the organism. vibrio parahaemolyticus is a moderate halophile, having an absolute requirement for salt for survival, and is capable of growth at 1 to 9% nacl. it is the leading cause of seafood-related bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states and much of asia. we determined whether growth in differing nacl concentratio ... | 2010 | 20472729 |
| effect on human cells of environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying type iii secretion system 2. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is an inhabitant of estuarine and marine environments that causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. recently, a type 3 secretion system (t3ss2) able to secrete and translocate virulence factors into the eukaryotic cell has been identified in a pathogenicity island (vp-pai) located on the smaller chromosome. these virulence-related genes have previously been detected only in clinical strains. classical virulence genes for this species (tdh, trh) are rarely detected ... | 2010 | 20479084 |
| foodborne pathogens in retail oysters in south china. | to investigate the occurrence of important foodborne pathogens in shellstock pacific oysters in the food markets in south china. | 2010 | 20486433 |
| enumeration of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster tissues following artificial contamination and depuration. | to evaluate enumeration of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster tissues following artificial contamination and depuration. | 2010 | 20497494 |
| [detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus by pcr method with internal amplification control]. | the aim of the study was to explore a new detective target in vibrio parahaemolyticus, which was more specific than others at present, to construct an internal amplification control (iac), and finally to develop a new pcr system which could effectively eliminate false-negative results. | 2010 | 20499645 |
| role of mrkj, a phosphodiesterase, in type 3 fimbrial expression and biofilm formation in klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that has been shown to adhere to human extracellular matrices using the type 3 fimbriae. introduction of plasmids carrying genes known to alter intracellular cyclic-di-gmp pools in vibrio parahaemolyticus revealed that these genes also altered type 3 fimbrial surface expression in k. pneumoniae. immediately adjacent to the type 3 fimbrial gene cluster is a gene, mrkj, that is related to a family of bacterial genes encoding phosphodiesterases. we ... | 2010 | 20511505 |
| demonstration and partial characterization of a bacterial growth enhancer in sera. | during our research into the pathogenesis of vibrio parahaemolyticus, we noticed that the concentration of serum added to the tissue culture medium (dulbecco's modified eagle's medium: dmem) greatly affected its growth. using gel filtration column chromatography, we clearly demonstrated that serum contains not only a bacterial growth inhibitor (bgi) but also a bacterial growth enhancer (bge) for vibrio parahaemolyticus. our data indicate that the bgi is transferrin, whereas the bge seems to be a ... | 2011 | 20514485 |
| first evidence of okadaic acid acyl-derivative and dinophysistoxin-3 in mussel samples collected in chiloe island, southern chile. | this paper shows the detection of diarrhetic shellfish poison (dsp) phycotoxins, using hplc-fld with pre-column derivatization procedure and hplc-ms methods, in the analysis of shellfish extracts tested positive with the official dsp mouse bioassay. the shellfish samples were collected in chiloe island, southern of chile. the amount of dinophysistoxin-3 (dtx-3) measured in the shellfish extracts were in average above the international safe limits for dsp content in the shellfish extracts analyze ... | 2010 | 20519842 |
| occurrence of toxigenic vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in shrimp in iran. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in people, is frequently isolated from a variety of seafood, including shrimp. the virulence of clinical v. parahaemolyticus strains is commonly associated with expression of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh), which are encoded by the tdh and trh genes. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of total and toxigenic v. parahaemolyticus in shrimp caught off the south coast of ir ... | 2010 | 20528175 |
| refrigerated seawater depuration for reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas). | the efficacy of refrigerated-seawater depuration for reducing vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) was investigated. raw pacific oysters were inoculated with a mixed culture of five clinical strains of v. parahaemolyticus (10(5) to 10(6) most probable number [mpn] per g) and depurated with refrigerated seawater (5 degrees c) in a laboratory-scale recirculation system equipped with a 15-w gamma uv sterilizer. depuration with refrigerated seawater for 96 h reduced v ... | 2010 | 20537269 |
| vibrio illness in florida, 1998-2007. | this study characterized the current epidemiology of vibrio infections in florida and examined cases reported from 1998 to 2007. logistic regression was used to determine risk of death. there were 834 vibrio infections in 825 individuals (average annual incidence rate 4·8/1,000,000). common vibrio species reported were vibrio vulnificus (33%), v. parahaemolyticus (29%), and v. alginolyticus (16%). most exposures were attributed to wounds (42%), and the most common clinical syndromes were wound i ... | 2011 | 20546636 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus by molecular and culture based methods from source water to household container-stored water at the point-of-use in south african rural communities. | detection methods for vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus which included the culture based approach with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) confirmation, pcr detection without enrichment and pcr with a pre-enrichment were developed and their performance evaluated. pcr assays targeted the sodb (v. cholerae species), flae (v. parahaemolyticus species), 16s rrna (vibrio and enterobacteriacea species) genes (multiplex 1) and v. cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 rfb genes, ctxa (cholera toxin) ge ... | 2010 | 20555205 |
| [development and evaluation of whole-genome dna microarray of vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | we developed and evaluated a whole-genome dna microarray of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | 2010 | 20560361 |
| [homology analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated by mpn method using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and automated ribotyping]. | to study the molecular typing of 78 strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from guangdong by mpn method with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and automated ribotyping (rp). | 2010 | 20568474 |
| tumor suppressor qm-like gene from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis upon immune challenge. | we describe molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of the gene encoding tumor suppressor qm-like protein, abqm, in the disk abalone haliotis discus discus. the full-length cdna (765-bp) of abqm was found to consist of a 654-bp orf coding for a 218 amino acid protein of a 25 kda molecular mass with a 10.2 isoelectric point. analysis of abqm sequence revealed the presence of characteristic motifs, including the ribosomal protein l10 signature, sh3-binding motif and two antibiotic ... | 2010 | 20580829 |
| functional properties of proteins from the coelomic fluid of the wounded sea star asterias rubens (l). | impact on viability and adhesion of three protein fractions, separated by size, from the coelomic fluid of wounded asterias rubens', was tested on autologous coelomocytes. in addition antimicrobial property of the protein fractions was tested on the gram-negative bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. all fractions promoted viability and the larger proteins facilitated adhesion of the coelomocytes. the strongest antimicrobial effect was caused by the fraction with the smallest proteins. | 2010 | 20600086 |
| immunomagnetic separation of vibrio vulnificus with antiflagellar monoclonal antibody. | raw oysters are primary vectors for vibrio vulnificus infections, and a rapid detection method for v. vulnificus in raw oysters before distribution would be an indispensable tool for the seafood industry. one approach to improving the recovery and detection of v. vulnificus without sacrificing assay time is through the use of immunomagnetic separation (ims). the aim of this study was to develop and optimize an ims protocol using anti-h (antiflagellar) antibody for determining the level of v. vul ... | 2010 | 20615341 |
| quantitative risk assessment of vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish: a model of raw horse mackerel consumption in japan. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of implemented control measures to reduce illness induced by vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) in horse mackerel (trachurus japonicus), seafood that is commonly consumed raw in japan. on the basis of currently available experimental and survey data, we constructed a quantitative risk model of v. parahaemolyticus in horse mackerel from harvest to consumption. in particular, the following factors were evaluated: bacterial growth at all ... | 2010 | 20626688 |
| stability and antimicrobial activity of allyl isothiocyanate during long-term storage in an oil-in-water emulsion. | this study investigated the stability and antimicrobial activity of allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) in medium chain triglyceride (mct) or soybean oil (sbo) dispersed in an oil-in-water (o/w) system during long-term storage. oil type, content, and oxidative stability affect the stability and antimicrobial activity of aitc during storage. high oil content is favorable for aitc stability in the emulsion. notably, aitc with mct is more stable than aitc with sbo with the same oil content. consequently, a ... | 2010 | 20629866 |
| clinical isolates of aeromonas veronii biovar veronii harbor a nonfunctional gene similar to the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (trh) gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin encoded by the trh gene is considered a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. in this study, we report the presence of a trh homolog in three clinical isolates of aeromonas veronii biovar veronii. the presence of a trh homolog in these strains of a. veronii was confirmed by pcr, followed by cloning, sequencing and colony hybridization using a digoxigenin-labelled probe. dna sequence analysis revealed that ... | 2010 | 20636974 |
| antibacterial properties of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil ocimum basilicum occurring in bangladesh. | the antibacterial potential of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil ocimum basilicum l. (lamiaceae) was evaluated for controlling the growth range of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves and stems were analyzed by gc-ms. fifty-seven compounds representing 94.9 and 96.1% of the total leaf and stem oils, respectively, were identified, of which methyl chavicol (36.7 and 29.9%), gitoxigenin (9.3 and 10.2%), trimethoquinol (10.3 ... | 2010 | 20645791 |
| hfq regulates anti-oxidative ability in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | hfq plays a fundamental role in bacterial cell physiology. it can stimulate or repress the expression of certain target genes, and there is a possibility that hfq regulates the oxidative stress response. however, how hfq functions that in vibrio parahaemolyticus remains speculative. in this paper, we explain the functions hfq plays in v. parahaemolyticus in the gene expression of superoxide dismutase gene and catalase gene, comparing the hfq deletion mutant strain to the parental strain. the res ... | 2010 | 20647674 |
| involvement of cell shape and flagella in the bacterial retention during percolation of contaminated water through soil columns in tropical region. | microorganisms' retention in soil contributes to the natural purification of groundwater. bacteria found in groundwater are generally of various shapes. the aim of this study was to assess the importance of cell shape and flagella in bacterial retention during polluted water percolation through two soil columns ca and cb, in the equatorial region in central africa. percolation tests were carried out using different water loads samples which were contaminated by escherichia coli (straight rods, p ... | 2010 | 20658409 |
| a highly sensitive and specific multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. | to develop an effective multiplex pcr for simultaneous and rapid detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus, the three most important vibrio species that can cause devastating health hazards among human. | 2010 | 20666989 |
| [cdna cloning, characterization and mrna expression of a profilin from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus]. | we isolated and characterized the profilin full-length cdna from hemocytes of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the profilin cdna consists of 742 bp and the 375 bp open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 125 amino acids, having a predicted isoelectric point of 5.87. the deduced amino acid sequence shows 42.9% amino acid sequence identity to the profilin of mosquito anopheles gambiae. the profilin mrna was highly expressed in hemocytes and moderately in hepatopancreas of normal crab. th ... | 2010 | 20672413 |
| comparative genomic analyses identify the vibrio harveyi genome sequenced strains baa-1116 and hy01 as vibrio campbellii. | three notable members of the harveyi clade, vibrio harveyi, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus, are best known as marine pathogens of commercial and medical import. in spite of this fact, the discrimination of harveyi clade members remains difficult due to genetic and phenotypic similarities, and this has led to misidentifications and inaccurate estimations of a species' involvement in certain environments. to begin to understand the underlying genetics that complicate species leve ... | 2010 | 20686623 |
| brichos domain-containing leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1-like cdna from disk abalone haliotis discus discus. | a brichos domain-containing leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1-like cdna was cloned from the disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) and designated as ablect-1. a full-length (705 bp) of ablect-1 cdna was composed of a 576 bp open reading frame that translates into a putative peptide of 192 amino acids. deduced amino acid sequence of ablect-1 had 15.5- and 27.8% identity and similarity to human lect-1, respectively. quantitative real-time pcr analysis results showed that the mrna of ablect-1 was ... | 2010 | 20688173 |
| detection and differentiation of vibrio spp. in seafood and fish samples with cultural and molecular methods. | vibrio spp. as natural inhabitants of sea- and brackwater of both tropical and temperate regions of the world are commonly found in different kinds of seafood. even among the three main human pathogenic species vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus most of the isolates from seafood do not carry the different virulence factors responsible for foodborne infections. therefore, the risk assessment of vibrio spp. in seafood is currently based mainly on the knowledge of the ge ... | 2010 | 20688407 |
| characterization of myosin light chain in shrimp hemocytic phagocytosis. | myosin light chain, a well-known cytoskeleton gene, regulates multiple processes that are involved in material transport, muscle shrink and cell division. however, its function in phagocytosis against invading pathogens in crustacean remains unknown. in this investigation, a myosin light chain gene was obtained from marsupenaeus japonicus shrimp. the full-length cdna of this gene was of 766 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 462 bp encoding a polypeptide of 153 amino acids. the myosin light c ... | 2010 | 20691789 |
| isolation, identification and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus from fish samples in kolkata. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium which is also responsible for acute diarrhoeal illness in human beings. eating raw seafish or contaminated seafood is responsible for acute gastroenteritis. the aim of this study was to investigate the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus from the fish samples in kolkata, india. | 2010 | 20712262 |
| transcription of vibrio parahaemolyticus t3ss1 genes is regulated by a dual regulation system consisting of the exsacde regulatory cascade and h-ns. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the human pathogenic vibrios, causes gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicemia. genomic sequencing of this organism revealed that it has two distinct type iii secretion systems (t3ss1 and t3ss2). t3ss1 plays a significant role in lethal activity in a murine infection model. it was reported that expression of the t3ss1 gene is controlled by a positive regulator, exsa, and a negative regulator, exsd, which share a degree of sequence similarity with pseudomona ... | 2010 | 20722736 |
| a vibrio effector protein is an inositol phosphatase and disrupts host cell membrane integrity. | the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis in humans and encodes the type iii effector protein vpa0450, which contributes to host cell death caused by autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. we found that vpa0450 is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that hydrolyzed the d5 phosphate from the plasma membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. vpa0450 disrupted cytoskeletal binding sites on the inner surface of membranes of human cells and caused pl ... | 2010 | 20724587 |
| first molluscan transcription factor activator protein-1 (ap-1) member from disk abalone and its expression profiling against immune challenge and tissue injury. | the regulation of transcriptional activation is an essential and critical point in gene expression. in this study, we describe a novel transcription factor activator protein-1 (ap-1) gene from disk abalone haliotis discus discus (abap-1) for the first time in mollusk. it was identified by homology screening of an abalone normalized cdna library. the cloned abap-1 consists of a 945 bp coding region that encodes a putative protein containing 315 amino acids. the abap-1 gene is composed of a charac ... | 2010 | 20732431 |
| origins and colonization history of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus in south america. | the dynamics of dissemination of the environmental human pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus are uncertain. the o3:k6 clone was restricted to asia until its detection along the peruvian coasts and in northern chile in 1997 in phase with the arrival of el niño waters. a subsequent emergence of o3:k6 strains was detected in austral chile in 2004. the origin of these 1997 and 2004 population radiations has not yet been conclusively determined. multiple loci vntr analysis using seven polymorphic loci w ... | 2010 | 20735744 |
| structure of a longitudinal actin dimer assembled by tandem w domains: implications for actin filament nucleation. | actin filament nucleators initiate polymerization in cells in a regulated manner. a common architecture among these molecules consists of tandem wasp homology 2 domains (w domains) that recruit three to four actin subunits to form a polymerization nucleus. we describe a low-resolution crystal structure of an actin dimer assembled by tandem w domains, where the first w domain is cross-linked to cys374 of the actin subunit bound to it, whereas the last w domain is followed by the c-terminal pointe ... | 2010 | 20804767 |