| anti-hepatitis e antibody in hemodialysis patients in isfahan, iran: prevalence and risk factors. | many studies have been performed regarding the prevalence of hepatitis e in the general population, but there is controversial evidence for an increased risk of the infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (hd). | 2015 | 26500681 |
| evidence of autochthonous hepatitis e in a portuguese pediatric cohort, 1992-1995. | despite the growing importance of hepatitis e virus (hev) in industrialized countries, minimal attention has been given to autochthonous hev infection in children. the present study screened archived sera (n = 71) from a portuguese pediatric cohort collected in 1992-1995 for the presence of antibodies against hev, using enzyme immunoassays and immunodot. anti-hev igg was detected in two children and anti-hev igm in one, suggesting an acute hev infection. this shows that hev was circulating in th ... | 2016 | 26496362 |
| hepatitis e virus antibody prevalence in hunters from a district in central germany, 2013: a cross-sectional study providing evidence for the benefit of protective gloves during disembowelling of wild boars. | in germany, 17% of the general human population have antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) (recomline hev-igg/igm immunoassay [mikrogen gmbh]). wild boars represent an animal reservoir for hev genotype 3, which is the common genotype in germany. we estimated the seroprevalence among hunters with contact to wild boars to identify factors that may be associated with past or present hev infection. | 2015 | 26493830 |
| hepatitis e virus infection activates signal regulator protein α to down-regulate type i interferon. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. however, the mechanism of hev replication is unclear. type i interferon is the first defense line of host against viral infection. signal regulator protein α (sirp-α) plays an important role in negative regulation of innate immunity. in the present study, hev infection significantly activated the expression of sirp-α and down-regulated phosphorylation of irf3, consequently resulted in suppression of ty ... | 2016 | 26492885 |
| neurologic disorders in immunocompetent patients with autochthonous acute hepatitis e. | neurologic disorders, mainly guillain-barré syndrome and parsonage–turner syndrome (pts), have been described in patients with hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in industrialized and developing countries. we report a wider range of neurologic disorders in nonimmunocompromised patients with acute hev infection. data from 15 french immunocompetent patients with acute hev infection and neurologic disorders were retrospectively recorded from january 2006 through june 2013. the disorders could be div ... | 2015 | 26490255 |
| avian hepatitis e virus infection in organic layers. | between 2012 and 2014, 141 chickens from 10 organic layer flocks with a history of severe drop in egg production (up to 40%) and slight increased mortality (up to 1% per week) were submitted to the avian health and food safety laboratory (puyallup, wa). at necropsy, the most common finding was pinpoint white foci on the liver and regressed ova without any other remarkable lesions. histologically, there was multifocal mild-to-severe acute necrotizing hepatitis present. no significant bacteria wer ... | 2015 | 26478157 |
| [chronic hepatitis e virus infection and treatment in organ transplant recipients]. | hepatitis e, caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, usually leads to an acute clinical course, and is the most common diagnosis among cases of acute viral hepatitis. from 2008, there have been increasing reports of chronic hev infection in immunocompromised patients such as organ transplant recipients. without intervention with antiviral treatment, approximately 60% of hev infections in organ transplant recipients evolve into chronic hev infections. of these chronic hepatitis e patients, 1 ... | 2015 | 26470537 |
| [cloning and sequence analyses of genome of swine hepatitis e virus(hev) hn-jy40 strains isolated from henan province]. | in the present study, the genomic sequence characteristics of hn-jy40 strains of the hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from pigs in henan province, china, were analyzed and the evolutionary relationship between hn-jy40 and other sequenced strains examined. the whole genome of hn-jy40 was sequenced and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (3' race) and 5' race. bioinformatic analyses were carried out with megalign, expasy, clustal x, and ... | 2015 | 26470527 |
| the use of human sewage screening for community surveillance of hepatitis e virus in the uk. | hepatitis e virus sequences were detected by rt-pcr in 14/15 (93%) of untreated sewage samples from edinburgh, scotland, uk. phylogenetic analysis of amplicons at limiting dilution revealed the co-circulation of multiple variants of hev-3, with a pattern of diversity matching that observed in a local cohort of hev-infected hepatitis patients. | 2016 | 26461450 |
| replacement of the hepatitis e virus orf3 protein pxxp motif with heterologous late domain motifs affects virus release via interaction with tsg101. | the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) contains a "psap" amino acid late domain motif, which allows for interaction with the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (escrt) pathway aiding virion release. late domain motifs are interchangeable with other viral late domain motifs in several enveloped viruses, however, it remains unknown whether hev shares this functional interchangeability and what implications this might have on viral replication. in this study, by substituting he ... | 2015 | 26457367 |
| hepatitis e virus infection: an emerging occupational risk? | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is endemic in many developing countries, causing substantial morbidity. transmission is primarily faeco-oral and is associated with both sporadic infections and epidemics in areas where poor sanitation and weak public health infrastructures exist. recently, it has become clear that hev is also an endemic disease in industrialized countries. moreover, a porcine reservoir and growing evidence of zoonotic transmission have been reported in these countries, suggesti ... | 2015 | 26452392 |
| cytokine profiles and cell proliferation responses to truncated orf2 protein in iranian patients recovered from hepatitis e infection. | background. the aim of this study was to evaluate hepatitis e virus (hev) specific cellular immune responses to truncated orf2 protein in iranian patients recovered from hev infection. information about hev-specific immune responses could be useful in finding an effective way for development of hev vaccine. methods. a truncated form of hev orf2 protein containing amino acids 112-608 was used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) separated from hev-recovered and control groups. ... | 2015 | 26451149 |
| [hepatitis e infections in rheumatology. a previously underestimated infectious disease?]. | the detection and estimation of hepatitis e have greatly changed in recent years. an increasing number of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections, which were acquired in europe and knowledge on chronic hepatitis e in immunosuppressed patients, give this infectious disease a new significance in industrial nations in contrast to the previous assumption of merely being a tropical disease with an acute course. rheumatology patients under immunosuppressive therapy generally have an increased risk of infec ... | 2015 | 26450437 |
| hepatitis e virus exposure is increased in pork butchers from burkina faso. | we conducted the first survey of zoonotic risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) transmissions in ouagadougou, burkina faso, through the direct contact with pork meat during professional activity. anti-hev antibodies were more prevalent in pork butchers, 76% than in the general population, which was 47.8% in 2013 (odds ratio = 3.46, 95% ci = 2.85-4.21, p < 0.001). among slaughter-aged swine, hev seroprevalence was of 80%, and hev rna was detected in 1% of pork livers. phylogenetic analysis pointed out ... | 2015 | 26438027 |
| [hepatitis e virus seroprevalence: a reappraisal]. | reported seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in developed countries is between 0.3-53%. published data relies on the assays used and its technical performance. sensitivity on new available tests has improved, which has changed hev seroprevalence around the world. we re-evaluated retrospectively, 178 serum samples of patients with previous anti hev igg determination between 2009 and 2012. initial analysis was performed with elisa kit genelabs (singapore), with 7.3% positivity. the reevaluat ... | 2015 | 26436799 |
| hepatitis e virus: seroprevalence and frequency of viral rna detection among us blood donors. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a nonenveloped emerging virus of increasing worldwide interest. antibody prevalence, rna frequencies, and transfusion transmissions have been reported. we investigated the hev rna and antibody frequencies in us blood donors. | 2016 | 26434952 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in raw sausages and liver sausages from retail in germany using an optimized method. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a pathogen of increasing importance, which can be zoonotically transmitted from domestic pigs, wild boar, and deer to humans. foodborne transmission by consumption of raw and undercooked liver, meat, or sausages prepared from infected animals has been documented. the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of hev in different types of sausages sold in germany. as no standardized methods for hev detection in food exist, several techniques of sample homogen ... | 2015 | 26433460 |
| high proportion of asymptomatic infections in an outbreak of hepatitis e associated with a spit-roasted piglet, france, 2013. | on 11 december 2013, 3 clustered cases of hepatitis e were reported on a french coastal island. individuals had taken part in a wedding meal that included a spit-roasted piglet. the piglet had been stuffed with a raw stuffing partly made from the liver. investigations were carried out to identify the vehicle of contamination and evaluate the dispersion of the hepatitis e virus (hev) in the environment. | 2016 | 26429341 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a and e virus infections among healthy population in shiraz, southern iran. | enterically-transmitted acute viral hepatitis is caused predominantly by hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev). the prevalence of hev and hav infections varies in different geographical regions. | 2015 | 26421130 |
| complete genome sequencing of a genotype 3 hepatitis e virus strain identified in a swine farm in italy. | in this study, we investigated hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in piglets sampled in two farms in southern italy. the virus was detected in 11 out of 15 animals tested. based on sequence analysis, the 6 italian strains examined belonged to two clusters containing both swine and human strains of either genotype 3 subtype e or f from europe and japan. the two italian strain clusters shared nucleotide identity of 81.8% and 87.5% in the orf2 (capsid protein) and orf1 (rdrp) diagnostic fragments, r ... | 2016 | 26415753 |
| sofosbuvir inhibits hepatitis e virus replication in vitro and results in an additive effect when combined with ribavirin. | infection with hepatitis e virus genotype 3 may result in chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. reduction of immunosuppression or treatment with ribavirin or pegylated interferon-α can result in viral clearance. however, safer and more effective treatment options are needed. here, we show that sofosbuvir inhibits the replication of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 both in subgenomic replicon systems as well as a full-length infectious clone. moreover, the combination of sofosbuvir and rib ... | 2016 | 26408347 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in blood donors and renal transplant recipients: a retrospective study from central italy. | autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging health issue in developed countries and is thought to be a porcine zoonosis; its spread is underestimated and there is concern about the possibility of chronic infection in immunosuppressed patients; hev transmission through blood has also been demonstrated. we conducted a retrospective study (2007-2013) on hev seroprevalence using stored serum samples from 132 blood donors and 118 renal transplant recipients living mainly in central italy. an ... | 2015 | 26397295 |
| acute hepatitis e-associated acute pancreatitis: a single center experience and literature review. | because acute pancreatitis (ap) associated with acute hepatitis e is rarely reported, we present such a case series. | 2015 | 26390412 |
| chronic hepatitis e: a brief review. | hepatitis e viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis a, endemic to developing countries. however, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission and progression to chronicity in human patients has been identified, resulting in persistently elevated transaminase levels, progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. in addition to liver injury, neurological, renal and rheumatological manifestations have also been reported. chronic he ... | 2015 | 26380044 |
| low frequency of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infections but high past hev exposure in subjects from cambodia with mild liver enzyme elevations, unexplained fever or immunodeficiency due to hiv-1 infection. | in cambodia, previous studies conducted on hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are scant, sometimes old, and showed inconsistent results. moreover, there is no data about hev infection in cambodian hiv-1-infected patients. | 2015 | 26370310 |
| detection and assessment of infectivity of hepatitis e virus in urine. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is known to be excreted in the stool but there has been no report of its presence in urine. this study investigated the presence of hev rna and antigen (hev-ag) in urine and its possible transmission. | 2016 | 26362822 |
| extra-hepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis e virus infection: a comprehensive review of the literature. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant public health problem that afflicts almost 20 million individuals annually and causes acute liver injury in 3.5 million, with approximately 56 000 deaths. as with other viral hepatitides, extra-hepatic manifestations could represent an important aspect of this infection. the spectrum of these manifestations is still emerging. acute pancreatitis and neurological, musculoskeletal, hematological, renal, and other immune-mediated manifestations have ... | 2016 | 26358655 |
| current knowledge on hepatitis e. | although only a single serotype of hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, has been identified, there is great genetic variation among the different hev isolates reported. there are at least four major recognized genotypes of hev: genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly restricted to humans and linked to epidemic outbreaks in nonindustrialized countries, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic in both developing and industrialized countries. besides human strains, genotype 3 and 4 strai ... | 2015 | 26355220 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging global disease - from discovery towards control and cure. | hepatitis e is a systemic disease affecting the liver predominantly and caused by infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev). hev has marked genetic heterogeneity and is known to infect several animal species including pigs, boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit, camel, chicken, rats, ferret, bats and cutthroat trout. hev is the sole member of the family hepeviridae and has been divided into 2 genera: orthohepevirus (mammalian and avian hev) and piscihepevirus (trout hev). human hevs included within the ... | 2016 | 26344932 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging global disease - from discovery towards control and cure. | hepatitis e is a systemic disease affecting the liver predominantly and caused by infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev). hev has marked genetic heterogeneity and is known to infect several animal species including pigs, boar, deer, mongoose, rabbit, camel, chicken, rats, ferret, bats and cutthroat trout. hev is the sole member of the family hepeviridae and has been divided into 2 genera: orthohepevirus (mammalian and avian hev) and piscihepevirus (trout hev). human hevs included within the ... | 2016 | 26344932 |
| chronically infected wild boar can transmit genotype 3 hepatitis e virus to domestic pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute hepatitis e in humans in developing countries, but sporadic and autochthonous cases do also occur in industrialized nations. in europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 (gt3) has been associated with the consumption of raw and undercooked products from domestic pig and wild boar. as shown recently, naturally acquired hev gt3 replicates efficiently in experimentally infected wild boar and is transmissible from a wild boar to domestic pigs. genera ... | 2015 | 26344041 |
| antigenic properties of avian hepatitis e virus capsid protein. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main causative agent of big liver and spleen disease and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens, and is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian hevs. hev capsid protein contains immunodominant epitopes and induces a protective humoral immune response. a better understanding of the antigenic composition of this protein is critically important for the development of effective vaccine and sensitive and specific serological assays. to date, six li ... | 2015 | 26340899 |
| an epidemiologic investigation of a case of acute hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered a zoonotic infection in developed nations. a case of acute hepatitis e in a researcher following a scalpel injury while working on a pig prompted a seroepidemiologic study to identify potential modes of transmission and determine the seroprevalence of hev among animal handlers at the institute. sera from personnel (n = 64) in two animal facilities and age/sex-matched blood donors (n = 63) as controls were tested for igg anti-hev and, if positive, for igm ant ... | 2015 | 26338861 |
| mix-breeding with hev-infected swine induced inapparent hev infection in spf rabbits. | studies have shown that swine hev (shev) and rabbit hev (rhev) can experimentally infect rabbits and swine, respectively. however, no published data have documented isolating shev strains from rabbits in natural environment so far. to clarify the possibility of natural cross-species transmission of shev to rabbits, the pigs with hev infection were farmed along with spf rabbits in the same enclosed space. five of 10 rabbits had seroconversion for anti-hev antibody from the third week after mix-br ... | 2016 | 26334930 |
| hepatitis e virus in cambodia: prevalence among the general population and complete genome sequence of genotype 4. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a growing public health problem in many countries. in this study, we investigated hev seroprevalence among the general population in the siem reap province, cambodia, and performed hev genetic analysis with the aim to develop an hev prevention strategy. this seroepidemiological cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2014 included 868 participants from four different locations in siem reap province, cambodia. they answered questionnaires and provided blood samples ... | 2015 | 26317620 |
| preventing transfer of infectious agents. | xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may be associated with the transfer of porcine infectious agents, which may infect the human recipient and in the worst case induce a disease (zoonosis). to prevent this, a broad screening program of the donor animals for putative zoonotic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and others, using sensitive and specific detection methods has to be performed. as long as it is still unknown, which microorganism represents a real ris ... | 2015 | 26316157 |
| hepatitis e infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: is there a place for systematic screening? | one study has suggested that markers of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection are present in 3.6% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (ah). however, validation of these preliminary results is lacking, as well as the impact of hev infection on the 6-month survival. | 2015 | 26308710 |
| chronic hepatitis e infection with an emerging virus strain in a heart transplant recipient successfully treated with ribavirin: a case report. | during the last decade hepatitis e infections have been recognized as a health problem in high-income countries, where hepatitis e virus genotype 3 is endemic. the infection is often self-limiting, but may develop into chronic infection in immunocompromised patients, especially in solid organ recipients. if these patients or patients with underlying liver disease get hepatitis e infection, they may develop liver failure and cirrhosis. hepatitis e virus is occasionally found in blood products and ... | 2015 | 26307049 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence in three hyperendemic areas: nepal, bangladesh and southwest france. | hepatitis e causes a significant burden of disease in developing countries and has recently been increasingly recognized in developed countries. comparing population anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) seroprevalence across populations has been difficult. | 2015 | 26305817 |
| hepatitis e virus infection: an underdiagnosed infection in transplant patients in southern africa? | | 2015 | 26305814 |
| swine and rabbits are the main reservoirs of hepatitis e virus in china: detection of hev rna in feces of farmed and wild animals. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is recognized as a zoonosis. the prevalence of hev rna and anti-hev antibodies in many animal species has been reported, but the host range of hev is unclear. the aims of this study were to investigate hev infection in various animal species and to determine the reservoirs of hev. eight hundred twenty-two fecal samples from 17 mammal species and 67 fecal samples from 24 avian species were collected in china and tested for hev rna by rt-npcr. the products of pcr ... | 2015 | 26303139 |
| incidence of hepatitis e antibodies in swedish lung transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant recipients, especially liver transplant recipients. however, less is known of the incidence and prevalence of hev in lung transplant recipients. | 2015 | 26293083 |
| genotype 4 hepatitis e virus prevalent in eastern china shows diverse subtypes. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a zoonotic pathogen, uses several species of animal as reservoirs. swine is considered as the major reservoir for hev infection in humans. genotype 4 hev is the dominant cause of hepatitis e disease in humans in china. | 2015 | 26288632 |
| variability and pathogenicity of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 variants. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) can be clinically inapparent or produce symptoms and signs of hepatitis of varying severity and occasional fatality. this variability in clinical outcomes may reflect differences in host susceptibility or the presence of virally encoded determinants of pathogenicity. analysis of complete genome sequences supports the division of hev genotype 3 (hev-3) variants into three major clades: 3ra comprising hev isolates from rabbits, and 3efg and 3abchij comprising ... | 2015 | 26282123 |
| nmr study on the interaction of the conserved crex 'stem-loop' in the hepatitis e virus genome with a naphthyridine-based ligand. | a 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is described to bind single guanine bulges in rna-dna and rna-rna duplexes was synthesized and its interaction with the single g bulge in the conserved crex of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome was explored by nmr and molecular modeling. results indicate that the ligand intercalates in the internal loop, though none of the expected hydrogen bonds with the single g in the bulge could be demonstrated. | 2015 | 26264660 |
| development and evaluation of a sybr green real-time rt-pcr assay for detection of avian hepatitis e virus. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main causative agent of big liver and spleen disease, as well as hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens. to date, conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested rt-pcr methods have been used for the diagnosis of avian hev infection in chickens. however, these assays are time consuming, inconvenient, and cannot detect the virus quantitatively. in this study, a rapid and sensitive sybr green real-time rt-pcr assay was deve ... | 2015 | 26260476 |
| hepatitis e seroprevalence in inflammatory bowel disease. | several cases of chronic infection by hepatitis e virus (hev) in immunocompromised patients have been described recently. patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) are frequently immunocompromised because of the disease itself or due to therapy. our aims were to determine hev seroprevalence in patients with ibd and to detect possible chronic forms. | 2016 | 26257097 |
| [two cases of acute hepatitis e infected with descendant strains of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 strain isolated from swine herd in miyazaki prefecture 12 years ago - one case had acute facial paralysis]. | we experienced two cases of acute hepatitis e in miyazaki prefecture in the same period. the patients were unknown to each other and did not have any clear causes or common risk factors of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. nucleotide sequences of the hev isolates revealed that the two isolates were closely related but with different hev genotype 3 strains. the two cases appeared to be infected from unknown and different sources. molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strains were pr ... | 2015 | 26250134 |
| the high prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in wild boars in ibaraki prefecture, japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is known as a causative agent of zoonosis and food poisoning. pigs and some species of wild animals, including wild boar, are known to be a reservoir of hev. in this study, we investigated the situation regarding hev infection in wild boars in ibaraki prefecture, japan. serum, liver and feces samples from 68 animals were collected, and the presence or absence of hev genomic rna and hev antibodies were analyzed. the viral genome was detected in samples from 7 (10.3%) anima ... | 2016 | 26234737 |
| characteristics of 20 patients with autochthonous acute hepatitis e in hokkaido, japan: first report of bilateral facial palsy following the infection with genotype 4 hepatitis e virus. | autochthonous hepatitis e is increasingly being recognized in industrialized countries, including japan. although neurological abnormalities have been sporadically reported as an extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, it is rare and has not been reported in japan. the present study aimed to characterize a total of 20 patients consecutively diagnosed with sporadic acute hepatitis e at a city hospital in hokkaido, japan, during 2001-2014, focusing on a patient complicated ... | 2015 | 26228039 |
| first case genotype 4 hepatitis e infection after a liver transplant. | chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients because of infection with hepatitis e virus is increasingly recognized, but there is a paucity of knowledge about hepatitis e virus infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. herein, we reported the first confirmatory case of hepatitis e virus genotype 4 infection in a 47-year-old woman who underwent a liver transplant recipient in taiwan. the patient presented with unexplained hepatitis and severe jaundice. hepatitis e virus rna was present in ... | 2017 | 26221721 |
| temporal evolution of the distribution of hepatitis e virus genotypes in southwestern france. | southwest france is a highly endemic region for hepatitis e virus (hev). this study examined the circulation of hev strains between 2003 and 2014 in the midi-pyrénées, and compared these data with those from the rest of france. the polyproline region (ppr) of the orf1 region of the hev genome was also analyzed. hev genotype was determined by sequencing a 348-nt fragment within the orf2 gene for 333 strains in the midi-pyrénées and for 571 strains from the rest of france. ppr region was character ... | 2015 | 26218544 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 in southeastern france: still around. | | 2016 | 26216587 |
| detection and molecular characterization of zoonotic viruses in swine fecal samples in italian pig herds. | gastrointestinal disease is frequent in pigs, and among the different etiological agents involved, viruses are considered the leading cause of infection in this animal species. furthermore, about half of the newly identified swine pathogens are viruses, many of which may be transmitted to humans by direct contact or by indirect transmission pathways. in this study, the prevalence of astrovirus (astv), group a rotavirus (rva), norovirus (nov) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in pigs was inv ... | 2015 | 26215443 |
| acute infection by hepatitis e virus with a slight immunoglobulin m antibody response. | the anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunoglobulin (ig) m antibody response is generally regarded as a useful marker for diagnosing primary infection. however, in some cases, this antibody is not detected during the acute phase of infection. an 81-year-old man with stable membranous nephropathy who presented with asymptomatic acute liver dysfunction came to our hospital. hev rna of genotype 3 was detected in his serum, and he was diagnosed with acute hepatitis e. according to an enzyme-linked immun ... | 2015 | 26215116 |
| an early viral response predicts the virological response to ribavirin in hepatitis e virus organ transplant patients. | ribavirin is efficient at treating chronic hepatitis e virus infection in solid-organ transplant patients. however, the early kinetics of viral replication under therapy and the impact of immunosuppressant regimens on viral replication are unknown: thus, determining the aim of our study. | 2015 | 26214817 |
| hepatitis e vaccine immunization for rabbits to prevent animal hev infection and zoonotic transmission. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has become a significant global public health concern as increasing cases of acute and chronic hepatitis e are reported. hev of animal origin was proved to be a possible source of human infection and a previous study showed that the recent licensed hev 239 vaccine can serve as a candidate vaccine to manage animal sources of hev infection. however, previous immunization strategy for rabbits was the same as that for human, which is too costly to conduct large-scal ... | 2015 | 26212003 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies among blood donors in southern brazil. | brazil has been classified as moderately endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. however, data on the seroprevalence of hev in this region are limited. this study evaluated the prevalence of past or present hev infection among blood donors in the metropolitan area of itajai valley, southern brazil, a region of predominant german heritage, where cultural habits result in a high consumption of pork. serum samples from 300 blood donors were tested in december 2014 using serological and molec ... | 2016 | 26211918 |
| removal of rotavirus and bacteriophages by membrane bioreactor technology from sewage. | human enteric viruses constitute a public health concern due to their low infectious dose and their resistance to environmental factors and to inactivation processes. we aimed at assessing the performance of a laboratory scale submerged membrane bioreactor (smbr) treating abattoir wastewaters for rotavirus (rv) and total coliphages removal. we also aimed at evaluating removal efficiency of enteric viruses through conventional activated sludge treatment by measuring concentrations of total coliph ... | 2015 | 26210901 |
| hepatitis e and neuralgic amyotrophy: five cases and review of literature. | hepatitis e virus infection - mainly genotype 3 - is increasingly common in industrialized countries. infection is usually asymptomatic, but cases of central or peripheral neurological symptoms with hepatitis e have been described. the most frequent is guillain-barre but somes cases of neuralgic amyotrophy have been described. in our center, since 2010, we have identified five cases of neuralgic amyotrophy associated with acute hepatitis e in immunocompetent patients. for all these patients, neu ... | 2015 | 26209399 |
| paediatric liver transplanted patients and prevalence of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e is an emerging disease in developed countries and is usually asymptomatic, particularly in children. chronic infection is possible in immunocompromised individuals. in the context of a liver transplant, it can simulate a rejection. in this case, antiviral therapy may be considered, thus highlighting the need to diagnose hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in this population. | 2015 | 26209371 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus among adults in south-west of iran. | background. knowledge regarding prevalence of hev in general population can be an indicator of the public health and hygiene. therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hev among adults in south-west of iran. methods. blood samples were taken from 510 participants, 206 (40.4%) males and 304 (59.6%) females from february to july 2014. detection of anti-hev igg and igm antibodies was carried out by elisa test. results. the overall anti-hev igg and igm prevalence rates were 4 ... | 2015 | 26199756 |
| ribavirin for chronic hepatitis prevention among patients with hematologic malignancies. | findings among a cohort of 26 patients who had hematologic malignancies and hepatitis e virus (hev) infection support that hev can induce chronic hepatitis. however, a 3-month course of ribavirin can induce a rapid viral clearance, reducing the risk for chronic hepatitis and enabling continuation of cytotoxic treatments for underlying malignancies. | 2015 | 26197210 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs at the time of slaughter, united kingdom, 2013. | since 2010, reports of infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) have increased in england and wales. despite mounting evidence regarding the zoonotic potential of porcine hev, there are limited data on its prevalence in pigs in the united kingdom. we investigated antibody prevalence, active infection, and virus variation in serum and cecal content samples from 629 pigs at slaughter. prevalence of antibodies to hev was 92.8% (584/629), and hev rna was detected in 15% of cecal contents (93/629), 3% ... | 2015 | 26196216 |
| arsenic exposure and hepatitis e virus infection during pregnancy. | arsenic has immunomodulatory properties and may have the potential to alter susceptibility to infection in humans. | 2015 | 26186135 |
| changes in gene expression in liver tissue from patients with fulminant hepatitis e. | to study host gene expression and number of immune cells in liver tissues from patients with fulminant hepatitis e (fh-e). | 2015 | 26185374 |
| treatment of autochthonous acute hepatitis e with short-term ribavirin: a multicenter retrospective study. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 3 and 4 cause sporadic cases of infection in developed countries. being elderly and having an underlying liver disease are the main risk factors for death in this population. chronic infection has been described in immunocompromised patients. ribavirin is now the antiviral treatment of choice in solid-organ-transplant recipients with chronic hev infection. we hypothesized that early short-term treatment of acute hev infection may be useful for patients with risk ... | 2016 | 26179015 |
| liver transplantation for acute liver failure because of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus infection. | | 2015 | 26178234 |
| a proline-rich domain in the genotype 4 hepatitis e virus orf3 c-terminus is crucial for downstream v105dlp108 immunoactivity. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for serious viral hepatitis worldwide. animals are considered a reservoir of hev, particularly pigs. while hev infection in pigs and dogs is always asymptomatic, the virus causes high death rates in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and pregnant women in developing countries. hev open reading frame 2 (orf2) has been used as a diagnostic target to detect specific antibodies against hev in serum samples. recent research has additionally sup ... | 2015 | 26177202 |
| hepatitis e infection during pregnancy. | many of my patients are from southeast asia where hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is quite common. what precautions can i suggest they take before traveling to these areas and what is the risk of contracting hev during pregnancy? | 2015 | 26175368 |
| is hepatitis e virus an emerging problem in industrialized countries? | hepatitis e virus (hev) is yearly responsible for approximately 20 million infections worldwide. although most infections occur in developing countries, hev appears to be an emerging problem in several industrialized countries, where it is mostly associated with either traveling to an hev endemic area or contact with pigs, which represent a major reservoir of hev. the major risk groups for hev infection and its ensuing complications are elderly men, pregnant women, young children, immunocompromi ... | 2015 | 26175182 |
| hepatitis e virus in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease: a prospective uk/french study. | in developed countries, hepatitis e is a porcine zoonosis caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3. in developing countries, hepatitis e is mainly caused by genotype 1, and causes increased mortality in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (cld). | 2015 | 26174470 |
| epidemiology of hev in the mediterranean basin: 10-year prevalence in italy. | the present study is aimed at describing the seroprevalence and exploring potential risk factor(s) for hepatitis e virus (hev) in participants who voluntarily underwent anti-hiv antibody testing. | 2015 | 26173715 |
| comparison of autochthonous and imported cases of hepatitis a or hepatitis e. | hepatitis a and hepatitis e are not limited to tropical countries but are also present in industrialized countries. both infections share similar clinical features. there is no comparative study evaluating the clinical parameters of autochthonous and imported hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus infections. | 2015 | 26167693 |
| hepatitis e virus produced from cell culture has a lipid envelope. | the absence of a productive cell culture system hampered detailed analysis of the structure and protein composition of the hepatitis e virion. in this study, hepatitis e virus from a robust hev cell culture system and from the feces of infected monkeys at the peak of virus excretion was purified by ultra-centrifugation. the common feature of the two samples after ultracentrifugation was that the orf2 protein mainly remained in the top fractions. the orf2 protein from cell culture system was glyc ... | 2015 | 26161670 |
| characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of dromedary camel hepatitis e virus generated by recombinant baculoviruses. | dromedary camel hepatitis e virus (dchev), a novel hepatitis e virus, has been identified in dromedary camels in dubai, united arab emirates. the antigenicity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of this virus have been unclear. here we first used a recombinant baculovirus expression system to express the 13 and 111 n-terminus amino-acid-truncated dchev orf2 protein in insect tn5 cells, and we obtained two types of virus-like particles (vlps) with densities of 1.300 g/cm(3) and 1.285 g/cm(3), respect ... | 2015 | 26160190 |
| transverse myelitis caused by hepatitis e: previously undescribed in adults. | we report the case of a 62-year-old caucasian woman who was admitted with urinary retention and lower limb paraesthesia following a week's prodromal illness of headache and malaise. liver function tests showed a picture of acute hepatocellular dysfunction. she developed reduced lower limb power, brisk reflexes, extensor plantars, a sensory level at t8 and reduced anal sphincter tone, establishing a clinical diagnosis of transverse myelitis. a spinal mri showed no evidence of cauda equina or spin ... | 2015 | 26150621 |
| two generations of "gold standards": the impact of a decade in hepatitis e virus testing innovation on population seroprevalence. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a global pathogen responsible for approximately 20 million infections every year in developing countries, yet remains under-recognized. in this population-based cohort study, 1,025 randomly selected participants were enrolled from matlab, bangladesh (2004-2005). all participants were tested for hev antibodies and total immunoglobulin (ig), using an in-house enzyme immunoassay developed by walter reed army institute of research (wrair). in 2014, we retested the banked s ... | 2015 | 26149865 |
| hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs, wild boars, pig farm workers, and hunters in estonia. | while hepatitis e is a growing health concern in europe, epidemiological data on hepatitis e virus (hev) in estonia are scarce. along with imported hev infections, autochthonous cases are reported from european countries. both domestic and wild animals can be a source of human cases of this zoonosis. here, we investigated the presence of anti-hev antibodies and hev rna in domestic pigs and wild boars, as well as in pig farm workers and hunters in estonia. anti-hev antibodies were detected in 234 ... | 2015 | 26141050 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in brazil: results of laboratory-based surveillance from 1998 to 2013. | data on hepatitis e virus (hev) in brazil are limited. we analyzed 15 years of hev surveillance data in a major clinical laboratory in são paulo, brazil. | 2015 | 26132499 |
| antigenic composition and immunoreactivity differences between hev recombinant capsid proteins generated from different genotypes. | appreciable variability has been observed in hepatitis e virus (hev) serological diagnostics. four recombinant proteins (p166s) were generated from position 452 to 617 aa of orf2 of different hev genotypes and used in an indirect elisa to detect anti-hev igms and iggs in serially diluted sera of patients infected with different hev genotypes (genotype 1, n=15; genotype 3, n=12; genotype 4, n=17). to evaluate the differences at a conformational level, 3d-structure models of p166s were predicted, ... | 2015 | 26122075 |
| hepatitis e virus in the countries of the middle east and north africa region: an awareness of an infectious threat to blood safety. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is mainly transmitted through contaminated water supplies which make the virus endemic in developing countries including countries of the middle east and north africa (mena) region. recent reports suggest potential risk of hev transmission via blood transfusion. | 2016 | 26112744 |
| hepatitis e virus of subtype 3a in a pig farm, south-eastern france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has emerged during the past decade as a causative agent of autochthonous hepatitis and is a clinical concern in western developed countries. it has been increasingly recognized that pigs are a major reservoir of hev of genotypes 3 and 4 worldwide and pig-derived food items represent a potential source of infections by these viruses in humans. hepatitis e virus rna testing was performed here on faeces from rectal swabs sampled in 2012 from 50 3-month-old farm pigs from the ... | 2015 | 26102074 |
| [hepatitis e--overview of the latest knowledge]. | hepatitis e (he) is a ubiquitous infection, occurring both in developing and in developed countries. it is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), a small, non-enveloped rna virus. the reported incidence in the czech republic in 2013 was 2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and the number of he cases has been growing over the past years. besides the long known fecal-oral transmission, zoonotic and blood product transmission of hev has recently been observed in industrialized countries. most infections ... | 2015 | 26099610 |
| relevance of chronic hepatitis e in liver transplant recipients: a real-life setting. | the chronic course of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in orthotopic liver transplant (olt) recipients has been described previously, but prospectively collected data are rare. we aimed to study the role of chronic hepatitis e in olt in a real-life setting. therefore, 287 adult olt recipients (169 male [59%], median age 56 years) were prospectively tested by hev polymerase chain reaction assay (lower level of detection = 10 iu/ml), irrespective of their level of liver enzymes. in 4 patients (1 ... | 2015 | 26094550 |
| effect of swine hepatitis e virus on the livers of experimentally infected mongolian gerbils by swine hepatitis e virus. | previous studies have shown that hepatitis e virus (hev) can be transmitted between rats, pigs, cattle, rabbits, chicken, cats, and deer. because wild and domestic rodents have anti-hev antibodies, they are considered potential reservoirs of hev. in the current study, mongolian gerbils were experimentally infected with swine hepatitis e virus and the effects of this infection were investigated. after inoculation with hev, the liver-to-body weight ratio increased at 7 dpi. mongolian gerbils demon ... | 2015 | 26093307 |
| identification and characterization of cellular proteins interacting with hepatitis e virus untranslated regions. | lack of robust cell culture systems for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has hampered understanding of hev biology. we attempted to identify the host cellular factors that interact with hev 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) by rna affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analysis. hepatitis e virus genotype-1 (hev-1) and hepatitis e virus genotype-4 (hev-4) and three cell lines (hepg2/c3a, a549 and caco2) were employed to understand the utr-host protein interaction. rna pull-do ... | 2015 | 26087402 |
| inhibition of hepatitis e virus replication by peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a cause of hepatitis in humans worldwide and has been associated with a case-fatality rate of up to 30% in pregnant women. recently, persistent and chronic hev infections have been recognized as a serious clinical problem, especially in immunocompromised individuals. to date, there are no fda-approved hev-specific antiviral drugs. in this study, we evaluated antisense peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (ppmo) designed against hev genomic sequences as pot ... | 2015 | 26086884 |
| a comprehensive study of neutralizing antigenic sites on the hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid by constructing, clustering, and characterizing a tool box. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 encodes a single structural capsid protein. the e2s domain (amino acids 459-606) of the capsid protein has been identified as the major immune target. all identified neutralizing epitopes are located on this domain; however, a comprehensive characterization of antigenic sites on the domain is lacking due to its high degree of conformation dependence. here, we used the statistical software spss to analyze celisa (competitive elisa) data to classify monoclonal anti ... | 2015 | 26085097 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus antibodies in dogs in the united kingdom. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic pathogens, with pigs predominantly implicated in disease transmission. the rapid rise in human cases in developed countries over the past decade indicates a change in epidemiology of hev, and it has been suggested that additional animal species may be involved in transmission of infection. multiple studies have identified contact with dogs as a risk factor for hev infection in industrialised nations, and a low seroprevalence to hev has previ ... | 2015 | 26076364 |
| activation of cxcl-8 transcription by hepatitis e virus orf-1 via ap-1. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a small nonenveloped single-stranded positive-sense rna virus and is one of the major causes for acute hepatitis worldwide. cxcl-8 is a small multifunctional proinflammatory chemokine. it was reported recently that hev infection significantly upregulates cxcl-8 gene expression. in this study, we investigated the mechanism of hev-induced cxcl-8 transcriptional activation. using cxcl-8 promoter reporters of different lengths ranging from -1400 to -173, we showed that -17 ... | 2015 | 26074679 |
| therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world with an estimated 20 million infections per year. although the mortality rate is < 1% among the general population, pregnant women can have a fatality rate of up to 30%. additionally, chronic hepatitis e has increasingly become a significant clinical problem in immunocompromised individuals. effective antivirals against hev are needed. | 2015 | 26073772 |
| dysgeusia in a patient with guillain-barré syndrome associated with acute hepatitis e: a case report and literature review. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is usually triggered by viral or bacterial infection. in addition, it was recently reported that infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) also causes gbs. a 49-year-old man presented with acute-onset paralysis in all extremities and dysgeusia during an episode of acute hepatitis. serological tests showed the presence of anti-hev igm antibodies and hev-rna in the serum. as an electrophysiological examination showed acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, the patien ... | 2015 | 26073247 |
| hepatitis e virus chronic infection of swine co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | in developed countries, most of hepatitis e human cases are of zoonotic origin. swine is a major hepatitis e virus (hev) reservoir and foodborne transmissions after pork product consumption have been described. the risk for hev-containing pig livers at slaughter time is related to the age at infection and to the virus shedding duration. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a virus that impairs the immune response; it is highly prevalent in pig production areas and suspe ... | 2015 | 26048774 |
| evidence of viral dissemination and seasonality in a mediterranean river catchment: implications for water pollution management. | conventional wastewater treatment does not completely remove and/or inactive viruses; consequently, viruses excreted by the population can be detected in the environment. this study was undertaken to investigate the distribution and seasonality of human viruses and faecal indicator bacteria (fib) in a river catchment located in a typical mediterranean climate region and to discuss future trends in relation to climate change. sample matrices included river water, untreated and treated wastewater ... | 2015 | 26046988 |
| investigating the origin and global dispersal history of hepatitis e virus genotype 4 using phylogeographical analysis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4 has mainly been isolated from sporadic hepatitis cases and swine in asian countries. we analysed the origin and global dispersal history of genotype 4 using a bayesian phylogeographical approach. | 2016 | 26037061 |
| unusual serological response to hepatitis e virus in plasma donors consistent with re-infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev)-positive plasma donations, identified by a plasma mini-pool screening approach, were analysed using serological methods for the presence of anti-hev igm and igg. avidity testing was performed on the igg-reactive donations. anti-hev igg with high avidity was observed in two donors together with high viral loads, but with the absence of anti-hev igm. these data are suggestive of re-infection in a small proportion of plasma donors, which has not previously been reported. | 2015 | 26031310 |
| viral and antibody prevalence of hepatitis e in european wild boars (sus scrofa) and hunters at zoonotic risk in the latium region. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a member of the genus hepevirus within the family hepeviridae. hepatitis e is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine and wild boars (sus scrofa) are known reservoirs of hev infection. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hev in wild boars and hunters exposed to infection in central italy (latium region). during the hunting season, blood samples were collected from 228 wild boars and 20 hunters. the seroprevalence of hev infection was determined using a ... | 2015 | 26025105 |
| comparable quality attributes of hepatitis e vaccine antigen with and without adjuvant adsorption-dissolution treatment. | most vaccines require adjuvants for antigen stabilization and immune potentiation. aluminum-based adjuvants are the most widely used adjuvants for human vaccines. previous reports demonstrated the preservation of antigen conformation and other antigen characteristics after recovery from adjuvanted hepatitis b and human papillomavirus vaccines. in this study, we used a combination of various physiochemical and immunochemical methods to analyze hepatitis e vaccine antigen quality attributes after ... | 2015 | 26018442 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis e markers in children]. | frequency of detection determination for past and current hepatitis e virus (hev) infection markers in children with immune suppression, as well as children with normal immune status. | 2015 | 26016342 |