| no evidence for fabaceae gametophytic self-incompatibility being determined by rosaceae, solanaceae, and plantaginaceae s-rnase lineage genes. | fabaceae species are important in agronomy and livestock nourishment. they have a long breeding history, and most cultivars have lost self-incompatibility (si), a genetic barrier to self-fertilization. nevertheless, to improve legume crop breeding, crosses with wild si relatives of the cultivated varieties are often performed. therefore, it is fundamental to characterize fabaceae si system(s). we address the hypothesis of fabaceae gametophytic (g)si being rnase based, by recruiting the same s-rn ... | 2015 | 26032621 |
| effect of mixed hay supplementation during fattening on carcass traits and meat quality of hanwoo steers. | this study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (mh) consisted of 55% orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.), 35% tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (trifolium pratense) to hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (th) and local rice straw (rs). | 2017 | 28293430 |
| the effect of high polyphenol oxidase grass silage on metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and nitrogen across the rumen of beef steers. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in red clover (trifolium pratense) has been reported to reduce both proteolysis and lipolysis, resulting in greater n use efficiency and protection of pufa across the rumen. although high levels of ppo have been reported in grasses such as cocksfoot (orchard grass; dactylis glomerata), no in vivo research has determined whether grass ppo elicits the same response as red clover ppo. to test the hypothesis that silage ensiled from grass with high levels of ppo pro ... | 2014 | 25349355 |
| plants suppress their emission of volatiles when growing with conspecifics. | plant volatiles mediate interactions with herbivores, herbivore enemies, and abiotic stresses, but these interactions mostly have been studied with individual isolated plants. it is not yet known how intra- and interspecific plant competition influence volatile emission. in a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the volatile emission by red clover (trifolium pratense) growing alone, with a conspecific, or with an individual of the naturally co-occurring orchard grass, dactylis glomerata. the i ... | 2013 | 23525954 |
| biodiversity effects on yield and unsown species invasion in a temperate forage ecosystem. | current agricultural practices are based on growing monocultures or binary mixtures over large areas, with a resultant impoverishing effect on biodiversity at several trophic levels. the effects of increasing the biodiversity of a sward mixture on dry matter yield and unsown species invasion were studied. | 2009 | 19168861 |
| oxygen deficiency affects carbohydrate reserves in overwintering forage crops. | anaerobic conditions developing under an ice cover affect winter survival and spring regrowth of economically important perennial crops. the objective was to compare, during a prolonged period of low (<2%) o2 at low temperature, the concentration of carbohydrates of four plant species contrasting in their resistance to oxygen deficiency. four perennial forage species, lucerne (medicago sativa l.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), and cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata ... | 2003 | 12754268 |
| specific developmental pathways underlie host specificity in the parasitic plant orobanche. | parasitic angiosperms are an ecologically and economically important group of plants. however our understanding of the basis for host specificity in these plants is embryonic. recently we investigated host specificity in the parasitic angiosperm orobanche minor, and demonstrated that this host generalist parasite comprises genetically defined races that are physiologically adapted to specific hosts. populations occurring naturally on red clover (trifolium pratense) and sea carrot (daucus carota ... | 2010 | 20081361 |
| host-driven divergence in the parasitic plant orobanche minor sm. (orobanchaceae). | many parasitic angiosperms have a broad host range and are therefore considered to be host generalists. orobanche minor is a nonphotosynthetic root parasite that attacks a range of hosts from taxonomically disparate families. in the present study, we show that o. minor sensu lato may comprise distinct, genetically divergent races isolated by the different ecologies of their hosts. using a three-pronged approach, we tested the hypothesis that intraspecific taxa o. minor var. minor and o. minor ss ... | 2008 | 19378406 |
| host-specific races in the holoparasitic angiosperm orobanche minor: implications for speciation in parasitic plants. | orobanche minor is a root-holoparasitic angiosperm that attacks a wide range of host species, including a number of commonly cultivated crops. the extent to which genetic divergence among natural populations of o. minor is influenced by host specificity has not been determined previously. here, the host specificity of natural populations of o. minor is quantified for the first time, and evidence that this species may comprise distinct physiological races is provided. | 2009 | 19251714 |
| antioxidant and photosystem ii responses contribute to explain the drought-heat contrasting tolerance of two forage legumes. | identification of metabolic targets of environmental stress factors is critical to improve the stress tolerance of plants. studying the biochemical and physiological responses of plants with different capacities to deal with stress is a valid approach to reach this objective. lotus corniculatus (lotus) and trifolium pratense (clover) are legumes with contrasting summer stress tolerances. in stress conditions, which are defined as drought, heat or a combination of both, we found that differential ... | 2013 | 23792824 |
| factors affecting the separation and bioactivity of red clover (trifolium pratense) extracts assayed against clostridium sticklandii, a ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacterium. | red clover (trifolium pratense) is rich in phenolic compounds. both the crude phenolic extract and biochanin a, an isoflavonoid component of the extract, suppress growth of clostridium sticklandii, a bovine, gram-positive, ruminal hyper-ammonia producing bacterium (hab). the purpose of this study was to determine if other components of red clover extract contributed to its anti-hab activity. extracts of the kenland cultivar of red clover, collected 0 h and 24 h after cutting, were separated by n ... | 2012 | 23413564 |
| effect of silage botanical composition on ruminal biohydrogenation and transfer of fatty acids to milk in dairy cows. | ruminal biohydrogenation and transfer of fatty acids (fa) to milk were determined for 4 silages with different botanical compositions using 4 multiparous norwegian red dairy cows [(mean ± sd) 118 ± 40.9 d in milk, 22.5 ± 2.72 kg of milk/d, 631 ± 3.3 kg of body weight, 3.3 ± 0.40 points on body condition score at the start of the experiment] fitted with rumen cannulas. treatments consisted of 4 experimental silages: a mix of the first and third cut of organically managed short-term grassland with ... | 2013 | 23200474 |
| the effect of n-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage: concentrate ratio. | the aim of this experiment was to, under typical swedish production conditions, evaluate the effects of grass silages subjected to different n-fertilisation regimes fed to dairy cows on the fatty acid (fa) composition of their milk, and to compare the grass silages in this respect to red clover-dominated silage. grass silages made from first year phleum pratense l. leys subjected to three n-fertilisation regimes (30, 90 and 120 kg n/ha, designated g-30, g-90 and g-120, respectively) and a mixed ... | 2012 | 23031480 |
| the impact of using alternative forages on the nutrient value within slurry and its implications for forage productivity in agricultural systems. | alternative forages can be used to provide valuable home-grown feed for ruminant livestock. utilising these different forages could affect the manure value and the implications of incorporating these forages into farming systems, needs to be better understood. an experiment tested the hypothesis that applying slurries from ruminants, fed ensiled red clover (trifolium pratense), lucerne (medicago sativa) or kale (brassica oleracea) would improve the yield of hybrid ryegrass (lolium hybridicum), c ... | 2014 | 24830777 |
| phytotoxic effects of sewage sludge extracts on the germination of three plant species. | in order to evaluate the ability of three types of extracts to explain the ecotoxicological risk of treated municipal sewage sludges, the oecd 208a germination test was applied using three plants (lolium perenne l., brassica rapa l., and trifolium pratense l.). three equivalent batches of sludge, remained as dewatered sludge, composted with plant remains and thermally dried, from an anaerobic waste water treatment plant were separated. samples from these three batches were extracted in water, me ... | 2008 | 18651217 |
| de-inking sludge and phosphorus effects on growth and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in forage legumes. | the de-inking process produces a waste by-product, called de-inking paper sludge (ds), that contains paper fibers, clay particles and inks and high carbon (c) concentrations combined with low nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) concentrations. the use of high rates of ds to increase the soil organic matter thus requires provision of high rates of n and p for adequate plant growth. using dinitrogen (n2)-fixing forage legumes is an alternative to n fertilization under such circumstances. in a greenhou ... | 2007 | 19070161 |
| therapeutic potential of temperate forage legumes: a review. | the discovery of bioactive molecules from botanical sources is an expanding field, preferentially oriented to plants having a tradition of use in medicine and providing high yields and availability. temperate forage legumes are fabaceae species that include worldwide-important crops. these plants possess therapeutic virtues that have not only been used in veterinary and folk medicine, but have also attracted the interest of official medicine. we have examined here medicago sativa (alfalfa), trif ... | 2016 | 26507574 |
| genome sequence of ensifer arboris strain lmg 14919(t); a microsymbiont of the legume prosopis chilensis growing in kosti, sudan. | ensifer arboris lmg 14919(t) is an aerobic, motile, gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of several species of legume trees. lmg 14919(t) was isolated in 1987 from a nodule recovered from the roots of the tree prosopis chilensis growing in kosti, sudan. lmg 14919(t) is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with p. chilensis (chilean mesquite) and acacia senegal (gum arabic tree or gum acacia). lmg 14919(t) does not nodulate the tree ... | 2014 | 25197433 |
| the diversity of rhizobia, sinorhizobia and novel non-rhizobial paenibacillus nodulating wild herbaceous legumes. | the objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize nodulating bacteria associated with wild legumes. for this purpose, we recovered twenty isolates from root nodules of five wild legume species: melilotus alles, melilotus officinalis, trifolium pratense, trifolium repens and medicago sp. most of the isolates were morphologically analogous with only few exceptions in colony shape, appearance and incubation time. all isolates were gram negative except t.p2-4. random amplification o ... | 2013 | 23896976 |
| isoflavone content in subterranean clover germplasm from sardinia. | subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum) is an important pasture legume, and sardinia is known as a major centre of diversification of this species. as other legumes, this clover produces biologically active flavonoids including the subclass of isoflavones that are natural phytoestrogens with positive health effects. present sources of isoflavones for medical/nutraceutical treatments are red clover (trifolium pratense) and soybean (glycine max). this study assessed the content and compositio ... | 2016 | 27415852 |
| supercritical fluid chromatography for the separation of isoflavones. | the first protocol for the analysis of isoflavones by supercritical fluid chromatography is reported. optimum results were obtained on an acquity upc(2) beh 1.7 μm column, using a solvent gradient of supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol (with phosphoric acid as additive) for elution. the method enables the baseline separation of nine isoflavones (aglyca and glycosides) in 8 min, and is suitable for their quantitative determination in dietary supplements containing soy (glycine max), red glo ... | 2015 | 25656487 |
| plant derived alternatives for hormone replacement therapy (hrt). | abstract hormone replacement therapy (hrt) has undisputable positive effects on climacteric complaints, in the bone and on body weight but also several undesired side effects. therefore, plant-derived alternatives are currently promoted. phytoestrogens - primarily the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and coumestrol, stemming from soy (glycine max) or red clover (trifolium pratense) - were suggested to have the desired but not the undesired effects of estrogens. most recently published placebo-con ... | 2013 | 25436745 |
| hplc/dad/ms and antioxidant activity of isoflavone-based food supplements. | isoflavones are polyphenolic compounds found mainly in legumes the benefits of which have been widely studied and attributed in particular to their phytoestrogenic activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quali-quantitative composition of food supplements based on soy isoflavones (glycine max l.) and red clover (trifolium pratense). six commercial food supplements (five soy-based and one red clover-based) were analyzed by hplc/dad/ms. genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin a and fo ... | 2010 | 21213978 |
| ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography of isoflavones and phenolic acids on different stationary phases. | complete separation of aglycones and glucosides of selected isoflavones (genistin, genistein, daidzin, daidzein, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, sissotrin, formononetin, and biochanin a) was possible in 1.5 min using an ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (u-hplc) on a different particular chemically modified stationary phases with a particle size under 2 microm. in addition, selected separation conditions for simultaneous determination of isoflavones together with a group of phenolic acids (g ... | 2008 | 18501366 |
| impact of glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn production on herbicide losses in surface runoff. | residual herbicides used in the production of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr] and corn (zea mays l.) are often detected in surface runoff at concentrations exceeding their maximum contaminant levels (mcl) or health advisory levels (hal). with the advent of transgenic, glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn this concern might be reduced by replacing some of the residual herbicides with short half-life, strongly sorbed, contact herbicides. we applied both herbicide types to two ... | 2015 | 18268303 |
| predicting molybdenum toxicity to higher plants: estimation of toxicity threshold values. | four plant species (oilseed rape, brassica napus l.; red clover, trifolium pratense l.; ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; and tomato, lycopersicon esculentum l.) were tested on ten soils varying widely in soil properties to assess molybdenum (mo) toxicity. a larger range (66-fold-609-fold) of added mo concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of yield (ed50) was found among soils than among plant species (2-fold-38-fold), which illustrated that the soils differed widely in the expression of mo toxic ... | 2010 | 20656390 |
| effects of different green manures on soil biological properties and maize yield. | the utilization of green manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers is considered a good agricultural practice. however, the effect of each green manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its chemical composition. the main objective of this work was to study the effect of incorporating three green manures originating from residues of trifolium pratense, l. (tp), brassica napus, l. (bn), and the mixture of tp+bn at rates of 5384 and 8973 kg c ha(-1), on soil biol ... | 2008 | 17512725 |
| influence of ageing on zinc bioavailability in soils. | currently, soil quality criteria or soil risk assessments of metals are based on laboratory toxicity tests which are carried out in soils freshly spiked with metal salts. with these data, species sensitivity distributions are fitted, from which hazardous concentrations and predicted no effect concentrations are derived. however, due to long-term processes, called ageing, soil metal availability decreases with time. here we show that ph is the most important parameter determining the effect of ag ... | 2003 | 12963299 |
| terrestrial microcosms in a feasibility study on the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. | phytoremediation and bioremediation are site-specific processes, and feasibility studies should be performed as an initial step in scaling-up these processes. soil microcosms can be a useful tool for investigating the efficiency of remediation alternatives under realistic conditions. in the present study, the degradation of diesel fuel in soil was studied in artificially assembled microcosms during a 180-day experiment. microcosms consisted of soil columns seeded with a mix of festuca arundinace ... | 2011 | 21907410 |
| ethylenediaminedissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction. | using a soil column experiment, we compared the effect of a single dose and weekly additions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and ethylenediaminedissuccinate (edds) on the uptake of pb, zn, and cd by chinese cabbage [brassica rapa l. subsp. pekinensis (lour.) hanelt], and on the leaching of heavy metals through the soil profile. the analysis of plant material revealed that both chelates increased the concentrations of pb and, to a lesser extent, also of zn and cd in the leaves of the te ... | 2013 | 12708673 |
| isotopic fractionation associated with symbiotic n(2) fixation and uptake of no(3) by plants. | isotopic fractionation associated with n(2) fixation and no(3) (-) uptake by plants are relevant to the accuracy of estimates of n(2) fixation based on differences in the natural abundance of (15)n between n(2) fixing and nonfixing plants. the isotope effect on n(2) fixation by soybeans (glycine max [l] merrill, variety harosoy) and red clover (trifolium pratense [l]) was determined from the difference in (15)n abundance between atmospheric n(2) and the total n of plants grown hydroponically wit ... | 1980 | 16661392 |
| a comparison of the effects of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on a suite of soil dwelling organisms in two field soils. | nanomaterials are increasingly used in a wide range of products, leading to growing concern of their environmental fate. in order to understand the fate and effects of silver nanoparticles in the soil environment, a suite of toxicity tests including: plant growth with elymus lanceolatus (northern wheatgrass) and trifolium pratense (red clover); collembolan survival and reproduction (folsomia candida); and earthworm avoidance, survival and reproduction (eisenia andrei) was conducted. the effect o ... | 2016 | 27108659 |
| ecotoxicity of xanthene dyes and a non-chlorinated bisphenol in soil. | soil eco-toxicity testing was conducted in support of canada's chemical management plan (cmp) to fill data gaps for organic chemicals known to primarily partition to soil, and of which the persistence and inherent toxicity are uncertain. two compounds representative of specific classes of chemicals: non-chlorinated bisphenols containing an -oh group (4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (binox)) and xanthene dyes (2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-, disodium salt (p ... | 2013 | 23211322 |
| ecotoxicity of siloxane d5 in soil. | decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (d5) is a cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cvms) commonly found in commercially available products. d5 is expected to enter the terrestrial environment through the deposit of biosolids from sewage treatment plants onto agricultural fields for nutrient enrichment. little to no information currently exists as to the risks of d5 to the terrestrial environment. in order to evaluate the potential risk to terrestrial organisms, the toxicity of a d5 contaminated biosolid in ... | 2012 | 22197313 |
| influence of aging on copper bioavailability in soils. | because of long-term chemical processes, metal bioavailability in field soils decreases with time. metal toxicity may, therefore, be overestimated if toxicity data with freshly spiked soils are used to derive soil quality criteria, a current practice. in the present study, effects of the long-term processes, called aging, on copper partitioning and ecotoxicity are investigated. twenty-five field soils contaminated by copper runoff from bronze statues and 25 uncontaminated control soils sampled a ... | 2003 | 12729229 |
| high diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a boreal herb-rich coniferous forest. | * here, the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi was determined in a boreal herb-rich coniferous forest in relation to environmental variables. * root samples of five plant species (fragaria vesca, galeobdolon luteum, hepatica nobilis, oxalis acetosella and trifolium pratense) were analysed from stands differing in age and forest management intensity. * thirty-four glomeromycota taxa (small-subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rdna) sequence groups) were detected from 90 root samples (911 c ... | 2008 | 18537886 |
| enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle in rhizobia and nodules of legumes. | the relatively high level of fatty acids in soybean nodules and rhizobia from soybean nodules suggested that the glyoxylate cycle might have a role in nodule metabolism. several species of rhizobia in pure culture were found to have malate synthetase activity when grown on a number of different carbon sources. significant isocitrate lyase activity was induced when oleate, which presumably may act as an acetyl coa precursor, was utilized as the principle carbon source. malate synthetase was activ ... | 1966 | 16656404 |
| effects of trifolium pratense on the climacteric and sexual symptoms in postmenopause women. | to evaluate the effects of treatment with trifolium pratense on climacteric symptoms and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women. | 2016 | 21152828 |
| medicinal plants as alternative treatments for female sexual dysfunction: utopian vision or possible treatment in climacteric women? | female sexual dysfunction (fsd) is a complex and multifactorial condition. an increased incidence of fsd is especially associated with the decline of estrogen. thus, menopause is a critical phase for fsd complaints. in this context, medicinal plants may be a therapeutic option. | 2010 | 20722793 |
| chromosome maps of legumes. | legumes are of immense importance as food and feed, and for sustainable agriculture, due to their ability to fix nitrogen. here, the chromosome maps of the legumes soybean (glycine max), lotus (lotus japonicus), and red clover (trifolium pratense) are reviewed. these species have relatively small chromosomes and therefore are difficult to exploit for chromosome studies. nevertheless, the identification of individual chromosomes became feasible, and chromosome maps have been developed applying im ... | 2007 | 17205385 |
| preparative isolation of isoflavones from soy and red clover. | numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of isoflavones occurring in soy (glycine max l.) and red clover (trifolium pratense l.) to alleviate climacteric complaints. they have also shown beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and in the prevention of osteoporosis. as a result, several companies offer nutraceuticals based on soy or red clover extracts. the aim of the present study was the isolation of pure isoflavones on a preparative scale, in order to obtain standards for biolo ... | 2006 | 16548014 |
| red clover (trifolium pratense) for menopausal women: current state of knowledge. | red clover (trifolium pratense) extracts are becoming increasingly popular, primarily for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. although promoted as a phytoestrogen source similar to soybeans, red clover is a medicinal herb, not a food, and traditionally has not been used long-term. we sought to review the scientific literature for this newer use. | 2006 | 11528359 |