| profile of back bacon produced from the common warthog. | the common warthog (phacochoerus africanus) has historically been hunted and consumed by rural communities throughout its distribution range in africa. this study aims to develop a processed product from warthog meat in the form of back bacon (longissimus thoracis et lumborum) as a healthy alternative meat product and to determine its chemical and sensory characteristics derived from adult and juvenile boars and sows. the highest scored attributes included typical bacon and smoky aroma and flavo ... | 2020 | 32429300 |
| evaluation of a partially reversible immobilization protocol using medetomidine, butorphanol, zolazepam-tiletamine, and ketamine in free-ranging warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) in kruger national park, south africa. | twenty-one free-ranging warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) in the kruger national park, south africa, were immobilized with a combination of medetomidine (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.26 ± 0.04 mg/kg), tiletamine-zolazepam (0.69 ± 0.15 mg/kg), and ketamine (1.43 ± 0.21 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly by dart. induction, immobilization, and recovery characteristics were evaluated using a standardized scoring system. in the immobilized warthogs, physiological variables were measured every ... | 2020 | 32212549 |
| evaluation of physiological parameters and effectiveness of an immobilization protocol using etorphine, azaperone, and butorphanol in free-ranging warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). | twenty free-ranging warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) in the kruger national park, south africa, were immobilized with a combination of etorphine (0.039 ± 0.005 mg/kg) and azaperone (0.44 ± 0.06 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly by dart. butorphanol (1 mg per mg etorphine) was administered intravenously at t = 5 min. a standardized scoring system was used to record induction, immobilization and recovery characteristics. physiological parameters were recorded at 5 min intervals and an arterial ... | 2019 | 31799283 |
| comparative vector competence of the afrotropical soft tick ornithodoros moubata and palearctic species, o. erraticus and o. verrucosus, for african swine fever virus strains circulating in eurasia. | african swine fever (asf) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild suids caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), which threatens the swine industry globally. in its native african enzootic foci, asfv is naturally circulating between soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros, especially in the o. moubata group, and wild reservoir suids, such as warthogs (phacochoerus spp.) that are bitten by infected soft ticks inhabiting their burrows. while the ability of some afrotropical soft ... | 2019 | 31774871 |
| cytokine gene expression assay as a diagnostic tool for detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). | mycobacterium bovis infection has been described in many wildlife species across africa. however, diagnostic tests are lacking for many of these, including warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). most literature on suids has focused on using serological tools, with few studies investigating the use of cell-mediated immune response (cmi) assays. a recent study showed that warthogs develop measurable cmi responses, which suggests that cytokine gene expression assays (geas) may be valuable for detecting ... | 2019 | 31712604 |
| genetic diversity of trypanosomes pathogenic to livestock in tsetse flies from the nech sar national park in ethiopia: a concern for tsetse suppressed area in southern rift valley? | in ethiopia, home to the largest african herd of cattle, animal trypanosomiasis is a major constraint to the efforts made for food self-sufficiency. we searched for trypanosomes in tsetse flies caught in the nech sar national park (nsnp), southern rifty valley, ethiopia, at the district of arba minch where intensive tsetse control is successfully improving cattle productivity. despite narrow geographical and temporal scales of our survey, we found a remarkable diversity of trypanosomes using the ... | 2019 | 30639545 |
| epidemiology of african swine fever in africa today: sylvatic cycle versus socio-economic imperatives. | african swine fever (asf) is believed to have evolved in eastern and southern africa in a sylvatic cycle between common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the ornithodoros moubata complex that live in their burrows. the involvement of warthogs and possibly other wild suids in the maintenance of asf virus means that the infection cannot be eradicated from africa, but only prevented and controlled in domestic pig populations. historically, outbreaks of asf in domestic pigs in a ... | 2019 | 30633851 |
| measuring antigen-specific responses in mycobacterium bovis-infected warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) using the intradermal tuberculin test. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) caused by mycobacterium bovis has previously been diagnosed in warthogs and infection can be highly prevalent (> 30%) in endemic areas. thus, warthogs could potentially be an important species to consider as sentinels for disease surveillance. however, disease surveillance is dependent on availability of accurate diagnostic assays and only a few diagnostic tests have been investigated for warthogs. furthermore, the tests that have been used in this species require labor ... | 2018 | 30458774 |
| profile of cabanossi made with exotic meats and olive oil. | the effect of olive oil inclusion on the chemical and sensory characteristics in cabanossi made with ostrich and warthog meat was investigated. ostrich meat from soybean oilcake (sboc) and cottonseed oilcake dietary inclusion levels (csoc), and olive oil were included at three levels (0%, 1% and 2%) resulting in six treatments. the fat content in the cabanossi increased with increasing levels of oil inclusion but were all <10%, which allows it to be classified as a low fat meat product. total mo ... | 2019 | 30179719 |
| preliminary study on the tick population of benin wildlife at the moment of its invasion by the rhipicephalus microplus tick (canestrini, 1888). | rhipicephalus microplus (rm) is one of the most problematic livestock tick species in the world. its rapid propagation and resistance to acaricides make it control difficult in the sub-region and benin particularly. the aim of this work was to check its presence in wildlife and to confirm the possible role of reservoir wildlife may play in the propagation of the parasite. this will help to design more efficient control strategy. | 2018 | 30034180 |
| quality characteristics of warthog (phacochoerus africanus) meat. | warthogs are hunted for trophies and damage reprisal whilst the meat is consumed. little is known about the quality profile of the meat, therefore, this study investigated the effect of age (yearlings and adult) and sex on the sensory, physical, and chemical attributes of cooked meat. the meat was high in protein (~32%) and low in total fat (< 2%), while the meat from yearlings tended to be tenderer than adults. age appeared to have a more pronounced influence than sex on the sensory attributes. ... | 2018 | 29982081 |
| ip-10: a potential biomarker for detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in several areas of south africa and has been reported in multiple species, including common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus). limited diagnostic tests and disease control programs exist for african wildlife. thus, there is a need to develop techniques for btb detection in species such as warthogs to assess their role in disease maintenance and spread in multi-host ecosystems. in this study, we obtained blood samples from warthogs in btb endemic areas to inv ... | 2018 | 29914681 |
| integrative taxonomy of afrotropical ornithodoros (ornithodoros) (acari: ixodida: argasidae). | afrotropical ornithodoros (ornithodoros) ticks are revised based on qualitative morphology of females and nymphs, as well as tarsus i shape outlines of females measured in a geometric morphometric framework. these lines of evidence corroborate lineages based on 16s rrna nucleotide sequence data. four previously unrecognized species are described, along with a revived nomen nudum that was previously considered a synonym. afrotropical ornithodoros (ornithodoros) now comprise ten species. ornithodo ... | 2018 | 29625921 |
| african swine fever in cameroon: a review. | african swine fever (asf) is a hemorrhagic contagious porcine disease caused by the african swine fever virus. the disease poses enormous problems to the pork industry with pig mortality ranging from 30% to 100%, depending on the virulence of the virus circulating. cameroon, situated in central africa is one of the countries in which the african swine fever virus (asfv) has been endemic since its first outbreak in 1982. the disease is a major problem to the pig industry causing huge economic los ... | 2021 | 33916101 |
| antibody prevalence to african swine fever virus, mycobacterium bovis, foot-and-mouth disease virus, rift valley fever virus, influenza a virus, and brucella and leptospira spp. in free-ranging warthog (phacochoerus africanus) populations in south africa. | the warthog (phacochoerus africanus) can be used as a model for investigating disease transmission at the human, wildlife, and livestock interface. an omnivore and scavenger, a warthog moves freely between natural ecotypes, farmland, and human communities and is susceptible to diseases of zoonotic, agricultural, and conservation concern. a retrospective study using 100 individual serum samples collected from may 1999 to august 2016 was performed to determine antibody prevalence to seven pathogen ... | 2021 | 33635986 |
| three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in namibia. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). a study was undertaken to determine whether pcv-2 was present in samples collected from commercial pigs (n = 46) and warthogs (n = 42) in namibia between 2019 and 2020. twenty-three of the collected samples were positive by pcr (13 from pigs and 10 from warthogs), and a phylogenetic analysis of orf2 identified three genotypes (pcv-2b and pcv-2d in pigs and pcv-2c in warthogs). this is the first time that p ... | 2021 | 33721098 |
| peste des petits ruminants virus infection at the wildlife-livestock interface in the greater serengeti ecosystem, 2015-2019. | peste des petits ruminants (ppr) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in africa, the middle east and asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to ppr virus (pprv) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. the role of wild species in pprv epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the global strategy for the control and eradication of ppr. these studies aimed to investigate pprv inf ... | 2021 | 34066336 |