| absence of serological evidence for human neospora caninum infection. | | 1999 | 10404607 |
| pathological and immunological findings of athymic nude and congenic wild type balb/c mice experimentally infected with neospora caninum. | neospora is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite that causes abortions and neuromuscular disorders in a wide variety of mammals. japanese bovine isolate jpa1 was inoculated intraperitoneally into balb/c nu/ nu (athymic nude) and balb/c (congenic wild type) female mice to examine the distribution of parasites and resistance mechanisms to neospora infection. all the athymic nude mice died within 28 days after intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(5) jpa1 tachyzoites, whereas all the congenic wild type ... | 1999 | 10421099 |
| associations of neospora caninum seropositivity with gestation number and pregnancy outcome in danish dairy herds. | the prevalence and distribution of seropositivity towards the protozoan parasite neospora caninum were studied in single blood samples from 1561 cows from 31 danish dairy herds. blood samples were analysed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay and an indirect fluorescent-antibody test. seroprevalence in 15 herds with previous abortions assigned to neosporosis ranged from 1% to 58%, with a mean frequency of 22%. in eight out of 16 herds without a history of n.caninum related abortions, no sero ... | 1999 | 10423771 |
| in vitro isolation of neospora caninum from a stillborn calf in the uk. | neospora caninum was isolated in vero cell culture from the brain of a stillborn calf. this isolate (designated nc-livb1) is the first to be obtained from cattle in the united kingdom and was confirmed as n. caninum by immunofluorescence with specific antibodies and by internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) sequence analysis. differences were found between nc-livb1, other bovine isolates and canine isolates of n. caninum and closely related protozoal parasites, using random amplified polymorphic d ... | 1999 | 10425249 |
| detection of neospora caninum dna by the polymerase chain reaction. | neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite which is now recognised as a major cause of abortion and neonatal mortality in cattle and other livestock. this study describes the primary dna structure of the transcribed spacer region of the rdna of n. caninum. of importance is that the sequence data generated have been used to develop a species-specific pcr test for n. caninum dna, which will prove valuable in epidemiology studies on neosporosis. | 1996 | 8773521 |
| recent advances in neospora and neosporosis. | neospora caninum has emerged as a major cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. this paper reviews recent advances in the life cycle and biology of neospora with the emphasis on bovine neosporosis. the role of the recently discovered oocyst stage of n. caninum in the epidemiology of neosporosis is discussed. progress made in serologic diagnosis of n. caninum infection is discussed. there is no vaccine for preventing neospora-induced abortions in cattle or to prevent oocyst shedding in dog ... | 1999 | 10456423 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and abortion in dairy cows in northern spain. | the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection was estimated from a sample of 889 cattle from 43 dairy herds in three counties in the asturias region of spain. the true prevalence of infection was estimated to be 30.6 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (ci) 27.6 to 33.6). seropositivity was associated with abortion during the previous year (odds ratio (or)=3.31, p<0.001) and was slightly higher among purchased cattle (37.6 per cent), than among cattle raised on the farm (29.1 per cent) ... | 1999 | 10460027 |
| serological differences in neospora caninum-associated epidemic and endemic abortions. | a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the sensitive and specific detection of bovine antibodies to neospora caninum was developed and evaluated using sera from cattle experimentally infected with n. caninum, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis hominis, sarcocystis hirsuta, eimeria bovis, cryptosporidium parvum, babesia divergens, and field sera from naturally exposed animals. field sera were classified using a gold standard that included the results from an indir ... | 1999 | 10461950 |
| the relationship of hammondia hammondi and sarcocystis mucosa to other heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidia as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of the 18s ssu ribosomal dna sequence. | the complete sequence of the 18s small subunit (ssu) ribosomal dna of hammondia hammondi and sarcocystis mucosa was obtained and compared to ssu rdna sequences of neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, besnoitia besnoiti, 2 species of frenkelia, 3 species of isospora, and 13 species of sarcocystis. analyses showed that h. hammondi and t. gondii are monophyletic and that these taxa shared a common ancestor with n. caninum and b. besnoiti. the weight of evidence shows that s. mucosa, s. neurona, and ... | 1999 | 10466120 |
| serological evidence of human infection with the protozoan neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that is closely related to toxoplasma gondii. dogs are a definitive host. prior to its discovery in 1988, n. caninum infection in animals was often mistakenly diagnosed as toxoplasmosis. neosporosis in animals is characterized by encephalitis, abortion, and other conditions that clinically and pathologically resemble toxoplasmosis. the potential of n. caninum to infect humans is unknown. therefore, evidence of human exposure to this parasite was sought by ... | 1999 | 10473533 |
| seroprevalences of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in nondomestic felids from southern africa. | sera from 68 nondomestic captive and free-ranging felids from southern africa were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. four of the 68 (5.9%) serum samples were positive for antibodies to n. caninum, with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1:200. all other animals were negative for antibodies to n. caninum at a dilution of 1:50. fifty of the 68 (74%) serum samples tested positive for antibodies to t. gondii, with titers ranging from ... | 1999 | 10484140 |
| serum antibody profile and reproductive performance during two consecutive pregnancies of cows naturally infected with neospora caninum. | the objective of this study was to record how the antibody levels change over time during pregnancy in dairy cows naturally infected with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum, and relate this to the reproductive performance. eighteen cows with antibodies to n. caninum were serum sampled monthly during their first pregnancy and 13 of them were also followed for a second pregnancy. in all, five pregnancies ended in abortion and two in stillbirth. antibodies to n. caninum in serum were demonstra ... | 1999 | 10488725 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in dogs. | serum samples from 1077 dogs suspected of having neospora caninum infections from 35 states in the united states and 3 provinces in canada were tested for n. caninum igg antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 75 of 1077 (7%) of the samples. twenty of the positive dogs were females, 17 were males and the sex was not recorded on 38 dogs. chi square analysis indicated no differences (p > 0.05) based on sex were present. dogs from the southeast a ... | 1999 | 10488735 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum and associated abortion in dairy cattle from central thailand. | a total of 904 sera from dairy cattle in 11 provinces of central thailand were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum employing the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). fifty four (6%) cattle were positive in ifat, titres of 1:200 (16 cattle), 1:400 (9 cattle), 1:800 (14 cattle), 1:1600 (7 cattle), 1:3200 (6 cattle) and two positives. no significant difference was observed among the provinces. the seropositivity for toxoplasma gondii by a commercial latex agglutination test was 4% (2 ou ... | 1999 | 10489202 |
| prevalence of antibodies to sarcocystis neurona, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in horses from argentina. | sera from 76 horses from argentina were examined for antibodies to sarcocystis neurona, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. antibodies to s. neurona were found in 27 (35.5%) of 76 horses using immunoblots with culture derived merozoites as antigen. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 10 (13.1%) of 76 horses by using the modified agglutination test with formalin-fixed tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol; titers were 1:25 (two horses), 1:50 (six horses), 1:100 (two horses), and 1:200 (one horse) ... | 1999 | 10489203 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy cattle in bahia, brazil. | sera collected from 447 dairy cattle on 14 dairy farms were tested for neospora caninum antibodies by use of an immunofluorescent antibody technique. positive reactions with titres > or =1:200 were found in 63 (14.09%) of animals. neospora positive sera were also tested for toxoplasma gondii antibodies by using a commercial latex agglutination test. antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 3 (4.76%) of 63 n. caninum positive sera. these results indicate that n. caninum infection is widespread am ... | 1999 | 10489205 |
| serologic prevalence of sarcocystis neurona, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum in horses in brazil. | to determine serologic prevalence of sarcocystis neurona, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum in horses in brazil. | 1999 | 10511862 |
| estimation of neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy cattle from normandy, france. | an epidemiological study was conducted in orne (france) on randomly selected dairy herds (42 herds including 1,924 cows and heifers, which were at least 15 months old). the aim was primarily to estimate the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection from two blood samples per cow, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for n. caninum (one positive result indicating infection). the second aim was to test the association between some individual and herd factors and n. caninum seropos ... | 1999 | 10543387 |
| characterization of a cdna encoding a subtilisin-like serine protease (nc-p65) of neospora caninum. | the nc-p65 cdna is the first protease sequence cloned and described for neospora caninum. the full length cdna was isolated by 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). nc-p65 was composed of 865 amino acids with a predicted signal sequence, a proposed pro-domain, and an internal region of conserved repeats. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that this protein had homology to the serine proteases of the subtilisin-like superfamily (subtilases) and had a predicted acti ... | 1999 | 10551364 |
| detection by pcr of neospora caninum in fetal tissues from spontaneous bovine abortions. | the routine diagnosis of neospora caninum abortion is based upon histopathologic changes in fetal tissues and identification of tissue parasites by immunohistochemistry. confirmation of n. caninum infection by immunohistochemistry has low sensitivity. in the present study, we examined the utility of pcr in detecting n. caninum infection in fetal tissues from spontaneous bovine abortion. dna was obtained from fresh and formalin-fixed tissues from 61 bovine fetuses submitted for abortion diagnosis ... | 1999 | 10565932 |
| comparison of the ifat and iscom-elisa response in bovine foetuses with neospora caninum infection. | the study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of foetal serology in the diagnosis of neospora-associated bovine abortions. fluids from 14 foetuses of cows with confirmed neosporosis (group a), seven foetuses with confirmed bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvd infection) (group b) and 11 aborted foetuses without demonstrable infection (group c) were examined. the age of the foetuses ranged from 4.5 months to 9 months. albumin concentration (measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis) was not sign ... | 1999 | 10576568 |
| the antigenic composition of neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite which causes neosporosis, namely stillbirth and abortion in cattle, and neuromuscular disease in dogs. although n. caninum is phylogenetically and biologically closely related to toxoplasma gondii, it is antigenically clearly distinct. in analogy to t. gondii, three stages have been identified. these are: (i) asexually proliferating tachyzoites; (ii) tissue cysts harbouring slowly dividing bradyzoites; and (iii) oocysts containing sporozoites. the sex ... | 1999 | 10576569 |
| [detection of antibodies against neospora caninum in cows on hessian farms with abortion and fertility problems]. | to address the question whether n. caninum-infections occur in german cattle, 388 sera from dairy farms with abortions and fecundity problems in north hesse were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and seropositive farms epidemiologically analyzed. 16 sera (4.1%) with titres of > or= 1:400 from a total of 10 farms (45.5% of the farms) were considered neospora-positive. there was a conspicuous clustering of seropositive and indifferent animals in three farms. a history of abortion could not be es ... | 1996 | 8766905 |
| fetal loss in balb/c mice infected with neospora caninum. | the suitability of mice as a model for reproductive loss due to neospora caninum infection was investigated. groups of mice were infected with 2 x 10(6) n. caninum before pregnancy (10 days) and during pregnancy (days 5 and 10 of gestation). in mice infected before and during early pregnancy, fetal loss was evaluated throughout gestation, and pregnancy loss was evaluated by enumeration of fetal resorptions and total fetuses. in mice infected before pregnancy, no difference was present in resorpt ... | 1996 | 8691368 |
| the prevalence of neosporosis in aborted bovine foetuses submitted to the allerton regional veterinary laboratory. | combined histological examination and avidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed brain and myocardium from aborted bovine foetuses presented to the allerton regional veterinary laboratory were utilized for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis. two out of 144 cases were diagnosed positive for neosporosis, indicating a low prevalence of infection and confirming neospora caninum to be a cause of sporadic abortion in the population surveyed. | 1995 | 8628575 |
| development and validation of species-specific nested pcrs for diagnosis of acute sarcocystiosis in sheep. | sheep may be infected by four species of sarcocystis. two of these species, sarcocystis tenella and sarcocystis arieticanis, are pathogenic. they may cause abortion or acute disease during the early phase of infection, and chronic disease during the late phase of infection. thus far, diagnosis of sarcocystiosis in sheep has been limited, because traditional diagnostic tests based on the detection of sarcocystis-specific antibodies are only genus-specific and, thus, cannot differentiate between p ... | 1999 | 10576582 |
| hepatic sarcocystosis in a horse. | hepatic sarcocystosis was diagnosed in a horse in association with refractory bacterial osteomyelitis and plasma cell tumor of the maxilla and hepatic salmonellosis. gross lesions included pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal effusions, hepatomegaly, gastric ulceration, colonic edema, and proliferative tissues filling 2 maxillary dental alveoli. histologically, liver was characterized by severe suppurative, necrotizing, periportal hepatitis, and severe periacinar necrosis. hepatocytes frequently ... | 1999 | 10577737 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in horses in north america. | serum samples from 296 horses slaughtered for food in the united states were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum by the neospora-agglutination test (nat). antibodies were found in 69 (23.3%) horses with titers of 1:40 (19 horses), 1:80 (19 horses), 1:100 (3 horses), 1:200 (7 horses), 1:400 (4 horses), and 1:800 (17 horses). this is the first serologic survey for n. caninum antibodies in horses. | 1999 | 10577738 |
| fatal transplacental neosporosis in a deer (cervus eldi siamensis). | neospora caninum tissue cysts were found in sections of the brain from a full-term stillborn deer of eld (cervus eldi siamensis) from a zoo in france. there was n. caninum-associated nonsuppurative encephalitis and the diagnosis was confirmed in immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific to n. caninum. | 1996 | 8604111 |
| effect of polyclonal antisera developed against dense granule-associated neospora caninum proteins on cell invasion and development in vitro by n. caninum tachyzoites. | the effects of polyclonal antisera to 2 recombinant dense granule (dg) antigens of neospora caninum on invasion and development by n. caninum tachyzoites in baby hamster kidney cell cultures were examined. in immunofluorescent antibody tests, the anti-dg sera, at dilutions of 1:100 to 1:500, reacted intensely with individual intracellular tachyzoites and groups of tachyzoites enclosed in parasitophorous vacuoles at 2 and 52 h p.i., respectively. tachyzoites suspended in diluted anti-dg sera and ... | 1999 | 10599076 |
| evaluation of a commercial elisa for detecting serum antibody to neospora caninum in cattle. | a commercially available serum antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for neospora caninum in cattle was evaluated against an immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) by applying it to 397 sera from normal adult cattle, 352 sera from cattle which had recently aborted, and 422 sera from two herds which had a history of n caninum-associated abortions. it was evaluated in two laboratories and showed high reproducibility, repeatability and almost perfect or substantial agreement with the ... | 1999 | 10606017 |
| neosporosis--the first decade of research. | this paper reviews the history of neospora caninum for the past decade, and provides a prospective for research for the next decade. | 1999 | 10608433 |
| comparison of the major antigens of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. | the apicomplexa are a diverse group of parasitic protozoa with very ancient phylogenetic roots. consistent with their phylogeny, the extant species share conserved proteins and traits that were found in their apicomplexan progenitor, but at the same time they have diverged to occupy different biological niches (e.g. host-range and cell type). characterisation of gene and protein diversity is important for distinguishing between related parasites, for determining their phylogeny, and for providin ... | 1999 | 10608434 |
| serological diagnosis of neospora caninum infection. | since the first isolation of the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum, a range of serological assays have been developed for use in dogs, cattle and a variety of other potential host species. the tests include the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the direct agglutination test and different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. this article reviews the principles and properties of the available tests which are discussed in relation to different applications. | 1999 | 10608435 |
| comparative ultrastructure of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and tissue cysts of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. | the ultrastructure of tachyzoites, bradyzoites and tissue cysts of the nc-1, nc-5 and nc-liverpool strains of neospora caninum are reviewed and compared with those of the veg and me-49 strains of toxoplasma gondii. while each stage of n. caninum and t. gondii shared many ultrastructural characteristics, each parasite stage also had certain features or organelles that could be used to distinguish the two parasites. some of the most prominent ultrastructural differences occurred in the number, app ... | 1999 | 10608436 |
| a structural study of the neospora caninum oocyst. | oocysts of neospora caninum were collected from the faeces of a dog fed mouse brains containing tissue cysts of the nc-beef strain of n. caninum. sporulated oocysts were spherical to subspherical, and were 11.7x11.3 microm. the length/width ratio was 1.04. no micropyle or oocyst residuum was present. polar granules were not present, although occasionally tiny refractile granules were seen among sporocysts. sporocysts were ellipsoidal, did not contain a stieda body, and were 8.4x6.1 microm. the l ... | 1999 | 10608437 |
| experimental inoculation of domestic pigeons (columbia livia) and zebra finches (poephila guttata) with neospora caninum tachyzoites. | dogs are a definitive host of neospora caninum and cattle are intermediate hosts. alternative life-cycles have not been investigated. foxes are frequently seropositive, but may not commonly prey upon cattle; therefore, other intermediate hosts may exist that are frequent prey of foxes. three domestic pigeons (columbia livia) and three zebra finches (poephila guttata) were inoculated with n. caninum tachyzoites, to determine if they could serve as intermediate hosts. tissue culture, pcr, serology ... | 1999 | 10608438 |
| ingestion of neospora caninum tissue cysts by mustela species. | dogs are a definitive host of neospora caninum, a protozoal parasite that causes abortion in cattle. mustelids were tested to determine if they could also be definitive hosts. the procedures used were the same as those previously used to test dogs. ermine (mustela erminea), weasels (mustela frenata) and ferrets (mustela putorius) were fed n. caninum-infected mice. neospora caninum oocysts were not observed. mustelid faeces were fed to mice. the mice did not seroconvert and n. caninum was not det ... | 1999 | 10608439 |
| phylogenetic analysis based on full-length large subunit ribosomal rna gene sequence comparison reveals that neospora caninum is more closely related to hammondia heydorni than to toxoplasma gondii. | since its first description in the late 1980s, neospora caninum has been recognised as a prominent tissue cyst-forming parasite due to its ability to induce congenital disease and abortion in animals, especially cattle. it is found worldwide and is a cause of significant economic losses for the livestock industry. however, its place within the family sarcocystidae, like that of several other taxa, remains unresolved. neospora caninum shares several morphological and life cycle characters with ha ... | 1999 | 10608441 |
| sequence evidence for an altered genetic code in the neospora caninum plastid. | the plastid dna of neospora caninum encodes a homologue of the rpob gene, which is believed to encode a subunit of a bacterial or chloroplast-like rna polymerase. the predicted protein product of the n. caninum rpob gene has three in-frame uga codons which appear to encode tryptophan residues rather than act as stop codons. based on the nucleotide sequence of a portion of the ssrrna gene of the n. caninum plastid, a model for suppression of uga termination in this plastid is presented. | 1999 | 10608442 |
| physical characterisation of the plastid dna in neospora caninum. | the physical characteristics of the plastid dna in neospora caninum were investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and tem. in a comparison of contour-clamped homogenous electric field and field inversion gel electrophoresis, the latter proved the more successful technique for studying the plastid molecules. in most cases, restriction or modifying enzymes were required to enable the plastid dna molecules to enter the gel from the well area. the unit length of the plastid of n. caninum ... | 1999 | 10608443 |
| differentiation of neospora hughesi from neospora caninum based on their immunodominant surface antigen, sag1 and srs2. | neospora hughesi is a newly recognised parasite that is closely related to neospora caninum, and is a cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. we have characterised two n. hughesi immunodominant tachyzoite antigens which exhibit antigenic and molecular differences from the homologous tachyzoite antigens on n. caninum. these antigens on n. hughesi are referred to as nhsag1 and nhsrs2, using the same mnemonics as used for the n. caninum antigens (ncsag1 and ncsrs2), and are homologous to toxop ... | 1999 | 10608444 |
| a competitive pcr assay for quantitative detection of neospora caninum. | a quantitative-competitive pcr (qc-pcr) assay was developed for measurement of neospora caninum levels in the tissues of infected animals. a molecule was synthesised for use in pcr as a competitor to the target neospora-specific nc5 genomic sequence. the assay was used to evaluate the relative level of parasites in the brain and lungs of mouse pups in a model of vertical transmission of n. caninum. infection on day 11 of gestation resulted in similar levels of parasites in all offspring. the ass ... | 1999 | 10608445 |
| development of a single tube nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of neospora caninum dna. | sensitive detection techniques are required to study the life cycle of neospora caninum and to diagnose infections. in this study, we describe the development of a pcr assay for n. caninum based on two successive amplification steps within a single tube. this technique, called single tube nested pcr, was sensitive to a single copy of target sequence, and able to amplify parasite dna from biological specimens such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of naturally infected dogs and cattle. ... | 1999 | 10608446 |
| detection of surface-associated and intracellular glycoconjugates and glycoproteins in neospora caninum tachyzoites. | the surface-associated molecules of the invasive stages of apicomplexan parasites such as neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are most likely crucially involved in mediating the interaction between the parasite and its host cell. in n. caninum, several antigens have recently been identified which could participate in host cell adhesion and/or invasion. these are antigens which are either constitutively expressed on the outer plasma membrane, or antigens which are only transiently localised on ... | 1999 | 10608447 |
| differentiation of toxoplasma gondii from closely related coccidia by riboprint analysis and a surface antigen gene polymerase chain reaction. | the tachyzoite of the human pathogen toxoplasma gondii is morphologically indistinguishable from the proliferative stages of some other zoonotic coccidia, including sarcocystis. to determine the identity of such coccidia obtained from human tissues and other sources, we compared riboprints (through restriction enzyme analysis of the polymerase chain reaction [pcr]-amplified small subunit rrna gene) of the following protozoa: the rh and ts-4 strains of t. gondii, lines oh3 and s11, which are two ... | 1993 | 8470780 |
| neospora caninum--request for specimens for research. | | 1995 | 7779045 |
| interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 mediate protection to acute neospora caninum infection in balb/c mice. | the type of immune response required to protect mice against clinical disease during acute neospora caninum challenge was investigated in balb/c mice. groups of female balb/c mice were infected i.p. with n. caninum tachyzoites concomitant with either: (1) antibody to interferon-gamma; (2) recombinant murine interleukin-12; or (3) recombinant murine interleukin-12 plus antibody to interferon-gamma. mice treated with anti-interferon-gamma alone had increased morbidity/mortality, decreased body wei ... | 1999 | 10608450 |
| oral infection of calves with neospora caninum oocysts from dogs: humoral and cellular immune responses. | neospora caninum has been identified as a major cause of abortion in cattle in a number of countries throughout the world. until the recent demonstration that dogs can serve as a definitive host of this parasite, it was not possible to study the infection in cattle orally exposed to oocysts. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of n. caninum oocysts to infect calves, and to define initial immune responses that arise after oral infection. seven calves were fed approximately 10(4 ... | 1999 | 10608451 |
| neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortion. | a cohort study was undertaken on a dairy experiencing endemic neospora caninum abortions, to characterize dam serologic variations during pregnancy, and to determine if dam n. caninum antibody levels during gestation predicted congenital infection or abortion. blood samples were collected monthly during pregnancies of 254 cows and precolostrally from 87 of their calves. antibody levels, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicated 60.6% of cows were seropositive at some time du ... | 1997 | 9057701 |
| experimental oral inoculations in birds to evaluate potential definitive hosts of neospora caninum. | experimental oral inoculations to evaluate potential definitive hosts of neospora caninum were conducted by feeding infected rodent tissues to 9 carnivorous birds of 4 species. birds included 2 red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), 2 turkey vultures (cathartes aura), 2 barn owls (tyto alba), and 3 american crows (corvus brachyrhynchus). the rodents (mice or rats) had been inoculated with 100,000 culture-derived tachyzoites of n. caninum 1-6 mo before feeding to the birds. fecal samples were coll ... | 1995 | 7472875 |
| seroepidemiological evidence for a relationship between neospora caninum infections in dogs and cattle. | dogs from dairy farms with a known prevalence of neospora caninum antibodies in the cattle were examined for the presence of n. caninum antibodies using an elisa. data of farm dogs were compared with those of dogs examined at a university clinic, which originated mainly in urban areas. of the 152 farm dogs, 36 (23.6%) were seropositive to n. caninum, which was significantly higher than the proportion of seropositives in the clinic dog population (19 of 344, 5.5%). seroprevalence was significantl ... | 1999 | 10608454 |
| estimation of vertical and horizontal transmission parameters of neospora caninum infections in dairy cattle. | transmission parameters of neospora caninum infections in dairy cattle were determined in six herds with a history of neospora-associated abortions, using an antibody-detection elisa to detect evidence of infection. a total of 124 seropositive dams and their calves were tested at calving to estimate vertical transmission, and 154 seronegative heifers were monitored prospectively from birth for evidence of post-natal infection. the probability of vertical transmission was very high; 95.2% (95% co ... | 1999 | 10608455 |
| mathematical models of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle: transmission and options for control. | the transmission and control of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle was examined using deterministic and stochastic models. parameter estimates were derived from recent studies conducted in the uk and from the published literature. three routes of transmission were considered: maternal vertical transmission with a high probability (0.95), horizontal transmission from infected cattle within the herd, and horizontal transmission from an independent external source. putative infection via po ... | 1999 | 10608456 |
| neospora caninum infections in bovine foetuses and dairy cows with abortions in argentina. | antibodies to neospora caninum were measured in bovine foetuses, dairy cows and beef cows in argentina using the ifat, the n. caninum agglutination test, and the recombinant ncdg1 and ncdg2 elisa. serum antibodies (ifat titre 1:80) were found in 20 of 82 (24.4%) dairy cow foetuses and one of 22 (4.5%) beef cow foetuses. microscopic lesions suggestive of neosporosis were seen in brains of seven of eight foetuses with ifat titres of 1:80. antibodies (ifat) were found in 122 of 189 (64.5%) dairy co ... | 1999 | 10608457 |
| high prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | serum samples of 400 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from 16 preserves in northeastern illinois were tested for neospora caninum antibodies in the n. caninum agglutination test using mouse-derived n. caninum tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. antibodies were found in 162 deer with titres of 1:40 (47 deer), 1:80 (32 deer), 1:160 (17 deer), 1:200 (eight deer), 1:400 (19 deer), 1:800 (17 deer) and > or = 1:1600 (22 deer). there were no significant differences in prevalence between age or s ... | 1999 | 10608458 |
| the in vitro development of neospora caninum bradyzoites. | neospora caninum is a recently identified apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is closely related to toxoplasma gondii. neospora caninum is of significant economic importance as it causes neurological disease and abortion in numerous animals. antibodies to bag1/hsp30 (also known as bag5), a t. gondii bradyzoite-specific protein, have been demonstrated to react with n. caninum tissue cysts in vivo. bradyzoite differentiation of n. caninum in vitro was investigated using culture conditions previou ... | 1999 | 10608459 |
| growth of and competition between neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in vitro. | competitive interactions between neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii were studied because both species appear to have identical ecological niches in vitro. tachyzoites of n. caninum (nc-1 isolate) and t. gondii (rh isolate) were compared in three in vitro studies: (1) rate of penetration of host cells; (2) generation time; and (3) competition between the two species when grown together in the same flask and allowed to compete for space. when tachyzoites of the two species were inoculated onto ... | 1999 | 10608460 |
| structural analysis of free and protein-bound glycosyl-phosphatidylinositols of neospora caninum. | | 2000 | 10613708 |
| prevention of vertical transfer of neospora caninum in balb/c mice by vaccination. | neosporosis is an important cause of abortion and neonatal morbidity in dairy cattle. the disease is caused by neospora caninum, an intracellular protozoan parasite. in this report, we describe the use of a mouse model in the preliminary evaluation of vaccination as a means to prevent vertical transfer of n. caninum. parasites present in the tissues of the offspring were detected using an n. caninum-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. immunization of dams with a single inoculation of a cru ... | 1999 | 10647039 |
| canine neosporosis: clinical and pathological findings and first isolation of neospora caninum in germany. | neosporosis was diagnosed in an 11-week-old puppy of the breed kleiner münsterländer with progressive hindlimb paresis. pathohistological and immunohistological examinations revealed a disseminated infection with neospora caninum. parasitic stages were demonstrated in the brain, spinal cord, retina, muscles, thymus, heart, liver, kidney, stomach, adrenal gland, and skin. immunohistochemistry investigations were carried out using polyclonal rabbit antisera developed against n. caninum tachyzoites ... | 2000 | 10669128 |
| monoclonal antibody inhibition of neospora caninum tachyzoite invasion into host cells. | monoclonal antibodies were produced against neospora caninum tachyzoites to identify antigens which may play a role during invasion of host cells. confocal laser microscopy showed that most antigens recognised by the mab were located on the surface, but one mab, 1a5, reacted to the apical end of the parasite. some mabs, which recognised 70, 42 and 36kda parasite proteins, significantly inhibited the invasion of the parasite in vitro. the mabs which recognised 42 and 36kda parasite protein, react ... | 2000 | 10675744 |
| gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) are highly susceptible to oral infection with neospora caninum oocysts. | laboratory-reared gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were found to be highly susceptible to oral infection with neospora caninum (nc-liv strain) oocysts. gerbils fed approximately 1000 oocysts became sick or died at 6-13 days post feeding of oocysts (pfo). n. caninum was isolated in cell culture and from gamma-interferon-knockout mice inoculated with homogenates of mesenteric lymph nodes of gerbils examined as early as 1 day pfo. numerous n. caninum tachyzoites were found in ulcerative lesions in t ... | 2000 | 10685849 |
| neospora caninum: is it really different from hammondia heydorni or is it a strain of toxoplasma gondii? an opinion. | the published data concerning toxoplasma gondii, hammondia hammondi, h. heydorni and neospora caninum on one side and between t. gondii on the other were neglected by most authors. as conclusion we are convinced that there are only two valid species: isospora (toxoplasma) gondii and hammondia heydorni. the first includes as a strain h. hammondi and the latter n. caninum. in any case there is absolutely no reason (with respect to general zoological nomenclature) to create new genera! | 2000 | 10685850 |
| progress in the serodiagnosis of neospora caninum infections of cattle. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that has become the focus of significant research attention worldwide. this organism infects a range of host species, including dogs, from which it was originally reported in 1984, but it is most important as a major cause of bovine abortion. as a result of the global importance of n. caninum, researchers have developed a number of serological tests to investigate the epidemiology of infection and disease. in this article, robert atkinson, peter harp ... | 2000 | 10689330 |
| determination of the activity of diclazuril against sarcocystis neurona and sarcocystis falcatula in cell cultures. | diclazuril is a benzeneacetonitril anticoccidial that has excellent activity against the extraintestinal stages of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. it also is highly active against intestinal coccidia of poultry. the present study examined the efficacy of diclazuril in inhibiting merozoite production of sarcocystis neurona and sarcocystis falcatula in bovine turbinate cell cultures. diclazuril inhibited merozoite production by more than 80% in cultures of s. neurona or s. falcatula treate ... | 2000 | 10701584 |
| neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus infections in swedish dairy cows in relation to abortion. | the protozoan parasite neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are recognized as important causes of bovine abortion and congenital disease worldwide. in this study, serological investigations were performed to estimate the prevalence of n. caninum infection in swedish dairy cattle, to assess to what extent it may affect abortion rates, and to determine possible effects of coinfection with bvdv. the overall n. caninum seroprevalence in swedish dairy cows was estimated at 2% (16/ ... | 2000 | 10712809 |
| molecular characterization of a thrombospondin-related anonymous protein homologue in neospora caninum. | thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) family members participate in attachment and invasion of host cells by apicomplexan parasites. a trap homologue in neospora caninum strain nc-1 (ncmic2) was cloned, sequenced and found to be 61% identical (75% similar) at the amino acid level to toxoplasma gondii mic2 (tgmic2). similar to tgmic2, the predicted amino acid sequence of ncmic2 contains one integrin-like domain (i or a domain), five thrombospondin (tsp) repeats, a putative transmembrane ... | 2000 | 10717300 |
| an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) for demonstration of antibodies to neospora caninum in serum and milk of cattle. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in serum from cattle is described. extracted tachyzoite proteins incorporated into immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) were used as coating antigen and a mouse monoclonal antibody to bovine immunoglobulin g1 as conjugate. western blot analysis of the iscom preparation revealed a restricted number of antigens compared with whole parasite homogenates. when probed with a serum from an experimental ... | 1997 | 9066070 |
| abortion risk in progeny of cows after a neospora caninum epidemic. | a study was done of the descendants of cows from 4 dairy herds in which there had been n. caninum abortion outbreaks. precolostral antibodies to n. caninum were demonstrated in 34 of 50 (68%) f1 calves and in 14 of 17 (82%) f2 calves from cows that aborted during the outbreaks. in 214 f1 progeny, n. caninum seroprevalence was nearly 50%, and there was a significant association between serostatus of the offspring and serostatus of dams. these observations indicated that congenital infection was a ... | 1998 | 10732068 |
| characteristics of neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in diary herds in the netherlands (1995 to 1997). | abortion storms in 50 dairy herds in the netherlands were reported in which there was a strong association with neospora caninum-infection. the duration of the abortion storms ranged from 6 to 65 d (mean 41.5 d). the cumulative proportion of aborting cows ranged from 0.11 to 0.57 (mean 0.26) of the animals at risk. an apparent seasonal influence was noted as most abortion storms occurred during the summer and early autumn. the prevalence of antibodies to n. caninum in 50 herds which had had an a ... | 1999 | 10734391 |
| risk factors for neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in dairy herds in the netherlands (1995 to 1997). | a 2 to 1 matched case control study design was used to analyze herd level risk factors for neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in 47 dairy herds. data were obtained using a questionnaire regarding the state of affairs at the farms over the 2 years prior to the abortion storm. the questionnaire included 120 variables considered to be potential risk factors for either introduction of infection or recrudescence of chronic infection. the relationship between risk factors and case control pai ... | 1999 | 10734392 |
| [the occurrence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum as regards meat hygiene]. | toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are phenotypically and phylogenetically closely related cyst-forming coccidia, both of which may cause abortion in livestock animals. t. gondii exhibits also zoonotic potential by causing diaplacental infections in the human fetus and harmful infections in immunosuppressed individuals. humans get infected either by consuming inappropriately prepared cyst-containing meat or by ingesting oocysts originating from cat feces. therefore, in order to assess infect ... | 2000 | 10748708 |
| the inhibitory effect of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha on intracellular multiplication of neospora caninum in primary bovine brain cells. | primary culture of bovine brain cells was examined for its susceptibility to neospora caninum infections, and this model was used to investigate the effects of bovine interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factors alpha (tnf-alpha) on tachyzoite growth. tachyzoites of n. caninum grew well in this culture, and tachyzoite growth in astroglia and microglia were confirmed by immunocytochemical staining. ifn-gamma inhibited the tachyzoite growth, and this inhibition was not reversed by the a ... | 2000 | 10770613 |
| biological characterisation of sarcocystis neurona isolated from a southern sea otter (enhydra lutris nereis). | sarcocystis neurona was isolated from the brain of a juvenile, male southern sea otter (enhydra lutris nereis) suffering from cns disease. schizonts and merozoites in tissue sections of the otter's brain reacted with anti-s. neurona antiserum immunohistochemically. development in cell culture was by endopolyogeny and mature schizonts were first observed at 3 days postinoculation. pcr of merozoite dna using primer pairs jnb33/jnb54 and restriction enzyme digestion of the 1100 bp product with dra ... | 2000 | 10779575 |
| ultrastructure of tachyzoites, bradyzoites and tissue cysts of neospora caninum. | dividing tachyzoites of neospora caninum were 4 x 3 microns and had ultrastructural characteristics typical for the cyst-forming coccidia. unusual ultrastructural characteristics of fully-formed tachyzoites included no micropores, 8-12 anterior and 4-6 posterior rhoptries, and a few posterior micronemes. most tachyzoites were located free in the host cell cytoplasm; only a few occurred within a parasitophorous vacuole. parasite multiplication appeared to be rapid because most organisms were in v ... | 1989 | 2810142 |
| neospora caninum infection in a clinically healthy calf: parasitological study and serological follow-up. | in this study a case of congenital infection in a clinically healthy calf is reported. the mother showed high antibody levels (ifat) at 230 days of gestation (igg titres > or = 1:1600, igm titres > or = 1:320) and the parasite was isolated from placental cotyledonary villi at calving. the igm values are indicative of a recent infection in the third trimester of gestation. the calf was monitored serologically for igm and igg from birth until slaughtering, at 8 months of age. igm titre showed a pe ... | 2000 | 10780172 |
| diagnosis and epidemiology of bovine neosporosis: a review. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that was first described in dogs in 1988. subsequently the parasite has been associated with abortion in cattle. evidence is accumulating that neosporosis is a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle all over the world. recent knowledge of neosporosis is reviewed with emphasis on the diagnosis and epidemiology of the disease in cattle. in addition, attention is paid to strategies for disease control and prevention. | 2000 | 10789513 |
| molecular characterization of a novel microneme antigen in neospora caninum. | the apical complex of the parasites belonging to the phylum sporozoa is believed to be critically involved in the events leading to host cell invasion. the characterization of the components of this subcellular structure is therefore an important step towards understanding how these parasites achieve host cell entry. affinity-purification of an anti-neospora caninum antiserum on a reactive protein band of approximately 40 kda following triton-x-114 extraction of parasite proteins, sds-page and w ... | 2000 | 10802317 |
| isolation, characterization and expression of a gra2 homologue from neospora caninum. | a cdna library derived from mrna of tachyzoites of neospora caninum (nc-liverpool strain) was screened with antisera from a cow naturally infected with n. caninum. the dna sequence of 1 recombinant isolated predicted a significant protein sequence homology of the gene product to the 28 kda (gra2) antigen of toxoplasma gondii. studies on the n. caninum gene coding for this antigen demonstrated the presence of a single intron flanked by 2 exons; the gene was also highly expressed in culture-derive ... | 2000 | 10811279 |
| serological response over time to recombinant neospora caninum antigens in cattle after a neosporosis-induced abortion. | recombinant neospora caninum tachyzoite antigens were evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for recognition by serum antibodies (ab) from neospora-infected cattle. serum samples were obtained every 2 to 3 weeks for 8 to 15 months from 10 cows with histories of neospora-associated abortion. serum samples were also obtained from offspring of these animals and from a large number of cows that had aborted a fetus, due to infection by neospora or other organisms, at various times ... | 1997 | 9144362 |
| serological survey and first finding of neospora caninum in taiwan, and the detection of its antibodies in various body fluids of cattle. | a serological survey for antibodies against neospora caninum in cattle, goats and farm dogs in taiwan was carried out. sera of 613 cattle from 25 dairy farms, 24 goats from six goat farms and 13 dogs from six dairy cattle farms were tested for antibodies against n. caninum using indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat). the same sera were also tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii using latex agglutination test. of the 613 cattle sera, 44.9% (275/613) were found to have antibodies ag ... | 2000 | 10828511 |
| experimental infection of non-pregnant and pregnant sheep with neospora caninum. | in an initial experiment, 21 sheep in groups of five or six were inoculated subcutaneously (sc) with 10(8), 10(6) or 10(4) neospora caninum tachyzoites (liverpool isolate), or with control inoculum, and monitored for clinical signs and for "seroconversion". animals given the two higher doses showed febrile responses and all three groups inoculated with the parasite showed seroconversion. in a second experiment, 12 pregnant sheep were each inoculated sc at 90 days' gestation with 10(6) tachyzoite ... | 1997 | 9263840 |
| neospora caninum infections in australia and new zealand. | to review the current state of knowledge of neospora caninum infections with particular reference to australia and new zealand. | 2000 | 10840573 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection following an abortion outbreak in a dairy cattle herd. | to investigate the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in a commercial dairy cattle herd, 15 months after detection of an abortion outbreak. | 2000 | 10840574 |
| serologic survey of neospora caninum infection in a closed dairy cattle herd in maryland: risk of serologic reactivity by production groups. | prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum was determined in a cross-sectional consensus survey of 1029 bovines in a dairy herd with endemic neospora-induced abortion. sera were screened by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). the prevalence of n. caninum antibody in the ifat was 17.9% in 107 neonates, 26.2% in 233 yearling heifers and steers, 39.07% in 218 mature heifers, and 26.9% in 465 milking cows. serologic reactivity was associated with production grouping on the farm with the gre ... | 2000 | 10841997 |
| the role of cd4(+) or cd8(+) t cells in the protective immune response of balb/c mice to neospora caninum infection. | the role of cd4(+) or cd8(+) t cells in the immune response of balb/c mice against neospora caninum infection was examined by using anti-cd4 and/or anti-cd8 monoclonal antibodies (mabs). mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with anti-cd4 and/or anti-cd8 mabs before and after infection with n. caninum and observed for 30 days after infection. most of the anti-cd4 mab-treated mice and all of the anti-cd4 and anti-cd8 mabs-treated mice died within 30 days post-infection (p.i.). in contrast, 100% ... | 2000 | 10841998 |
| isolation of neospora caninum from the brain of a naturally infected adult dairy cow. | neospora caninum was isolated from the brain of a 2-year-old dairy cow that had aborted confirmed n. caninum-infected fetuses on two occasions. the cow had an indirect fluorescent antibody titer of 1:1600 to n. caninum. the cow was killed 24 days after its second abortion and the brain was bioassayed for n. caninum in nude mice. multifocal areas of perivascular cuffing and glial nodules were observed in the cerebrum and mesencephalon of the cow, but n. caninum was not identified in histological ... | 2000 | 10842005 |
| neosporosis in cattle. | during the past decade, neospora caninum infection has emerged as an important reproductive disease in cattle throughout the world. abortion, occurring during the middle of gestation, is the primary clinical sign of the infection in cattle. surveys in several countries from three continents have identified n. caninum infection as the major diagnosed cause of bovine abortion. both endemic and epidemic patterns of abortion may occur in herds. an important feature of this disease is that the protoz ... | 2000 | 10844212 |
| [neospora caninum and neosporosis--basic science at the institute of parasitology and possible implications]. | | 2000 | 10850161 |
| neospora caninum infected the alimentary tract of nude mice and was transmitted to other mice by intraperitoneal inoculation with the intestinal contents. | neospora caninum (bt-2 strain) that originated from the brain of a holstein calf was serially passaged through 10 generations of balb/c nude mice by intraperitoneal inoculation. histological examination of the mice revealed that numerous clusters of tachyzoites appeared in the pancreas, stomach and small intestine as well as in the central nervous system (cns) and skeletal muscles. intestinal contents of the infected mice were inoculated intraperitoneally into uninfected nude mice and 3 of the 1 ... | 2000 | 10852403 |
| vertical and horizontal transmission of neospora caninum in dairy herds in québec. | neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle. the objective of this observational study was to estimate the rate of vertical transmission of n. caninum in dairy herds in québec and to investigate horizontal transmission in the same herds. the genealogy of cows from 23 dairy herds were examined. prevalence of seropositive animals in herds studied varied from 4.3% to 61.8% (average, 21.9%). the overall rate of vertical transmission was estimated to be 44.4%, varying from 0% t ... | 2000 | 10857030 |
| a protocol for the production of neospora caninum tissue cysts in mice. | identification of a definitive host for neospora caninum has been inhibited by lack of an efficient method for producing bradyzoites, needed for oral infectivity trials. an improved protocol for producing bradyzoite-containing tissue cysts in mouse brains is described. six variables, including mouse strain (balb/c, cba/ca, and icr), sex, n. caninum isolate (nc-2 and nc-liverpool), tachyzoite inoculum dose, immunosuppression with methylprednisolone acetate (mpa), and sulfadiazine treatment were t ... | 1997 | 9267406 |
| neosporosis in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in southern italy. | a study was carried on 1377 water buffalo serum samples from 50 farms in southern italy to test the presence of neospora caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat). rabbit anti-buffalo immunoglobulins conjugated to fluorescein were used in the test. fluorescence in sera dilutions above 1:200 was considered as indicative of the presence of n. caninum antibodies. the overall prevalence of infection in the animals was 34.6%. the prevalence increased in relation to the age of s ... | 2000 | 10889356 |
| a european perspective on neospora caninum. | since the identification of neospora caninum in 1984 as a parasite separate from toxoplasma gondii by bjerkas et al., and its subsequent characterization and classification in 1988 by dubey and co-workers, this parasite has attracted increasing attention, primarily as an important causative agent of abortion in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs, but also as a complementary model system to t. gondii for investigating the basic biology of intracellular parasitism. during november 11-14, 199 ... | 2000 | 10927081 |
| neospora hughesi: experimental infections in mice, gerbils, and dogs. | neospora hughesi is a recently described cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm). a rodent model for pathogenicity would facilitate development of therapies to be used in horses. in the present study, we examined the susceptibility of balb/c gamma-interferon gene knockout (gamma-infko), balb/c, cd-1, and c57bl/6 strains of mice and gerbils to infection with tachyzoites of the nh-a1 strain of n. hughesi isolated from a horse from al, usa. only the gamma-ifnko mice developed severe clini ... | 2000 | 10946135 |
| intergenic spacer (igs) polymorphism: a new genetic marker for differentiation of toxoplasma gondii strains and neospora caninum. | the region between the 28s and 18s rrna genes, including the intergenic spacer (igs) region and the 5s rrna gene, from 32 strains of toxoplasma gondii and the nc1 strain of neospora caninum was amplified and used for dna sequencing and/or restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. the 5s rdna sequences from 20 strains of t. gondii were identical. the igs region between the 5s and 18s rrna genes (nontranscribed spacer 2 or nts 2) showed 10 nucleotide variations. six of the 10 varia ... | 2000 | 10958446 |
| a polygen-adjuvanted killed neospora caninum tachyzoite preparation failed to prevent foetal infection in pregnant cattle following i.v./i.m. experimental tachyzoite challenge. | cattle immunised with a polygen-adjuvanted killed neospora caninum tachyzoite preparation were previously shown to produce interferon (ifn)-gamma at levels similar to those of tachyzoite-infected cattle. in view of the critical role of ifn-gamma in resistance of mice to n. caninum infection, these results prompted us to test the polygen-adjuvanted preparation in pregnant cattle to determine whether it will be able to prevent foetal infection following an experimental tachyzoite challenge. seven ... | 2000 | 10980287 |
| toxoplasmosis as a suspected cause of abortion in a greenland muskox (ovibos moshatus wardi). | toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were seen in the placenta of a late-term aborted greenland muskox (ovibos moschatus wardi) fetus in a captive herd at the san francisco zoo. the organism stained with anti-t. gondii polyclonal rabbit serum but not with anti-neospora caninum serum. the dam had a toxoplasma titer of > or =1:3,200 at the time of abortion and in each of the previous 3 yr (modified agglutination test). the muskox is a new host record for t. gondii. | 2000 | 10982143 |
| use of purified tachyzoite surface antigen p38 in an elisa to diagnose bovine neosporosis. | affinity-purified 38 kda surface antigen of neospora caninum tachyzoites was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to diagnose n. caninum-associated abortion in cattle. the specificity of this antigen was demonstrated by using sera from cattle experimentally infected with other apicomplexan parasites. in a panel of field sera, serological differences could be demonstrated between herds with epidemic and endemic abortions. optimal elisa cut-offs were determined for the dete ... | 2000 | 10996331 |