| yasuní--a hotspot for jaguars panthera onca (carnivora: felidae)? camera-traps and jaguar activity at tiputini biodiversity station, ecuador. | jaguars (panthera onca) are the largest predator in lowland forests of amazonia but there have been few studies on their occurrence and activity in such forests. here, we used camera traps to document the occurrence and activity of jaguars within a local area (-650ha) of lowland forest of eastern ecuador, over two sample periods (2005-2008, 7 222 trap days; 2010-2012, 6 199 trap days). we accumulated 151 independent photos of jaguars (189 total photographs) that represented 21 different individu ... | 2014 | 25102650 |
| jaguar: junction alignments to genome for rna-seq reads. | jaguar is an alignment protocol for rna-seq reads that uses an extended reference to increase alignment sensitivity. it uses bwa to align reads to the genome and reference transcript models (including annotated exon-exon junctions) specifically allowing for the possibility of a single read spanning multiple exons. reads aligned to the transcript models are then re-mapped on to genomic coordinates, transforming alignments that span multiple exons into large-gapped alignments on the genome. while ... | 2014 | 25062255 |
| localization and mobility of synaptic vesicles in myosin vi mutants of drosophila. | at the drosophila neuromuscular junction (nmj), synaptic vesicles are mobile; however, the mechanisms that regulate vesicle traffic at the nerve terminal are not fully understood. myosin vi has been shown to be important for proper synaptic physiology and morphology at the nmj, likely by functioning as a vesicle tether. here we investigate vesicle dynamics in myosin vi mutants of drosophila. | 2014 | 25062032 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome structure of the jaguar (panthera onca). | the jaguar (panthera onca) is the largest felid in the western hemisphere, and the only member of the panthera genus in the new world. the jaguar inhabits most countries within central and south america, and is considered near threatened by the international union for the conservation of nature. this study represents the first sequence of the entire jaguar mitogenome, which was the only panthera mitogenome that had not been sequenced. the jaguar mitogenome is 17,049 bases and possesses the same ... | 2016 | 25010076 |
| cutaneous adenocarcinoma of sebaceous gland in a captive male jaguar panthera onca: a case report. | high incidence of neoplasia in captive jaguar (panthera onca) has been recorded but there have been no reports of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland. a high incidence of neoplasia has been detected in captive jaguars, possibly associated with longevity and husbandry practices in captivity. neoplasm is a major cause of mortality in jaguar. tumours of sebaceous gland are common in older domestic felids. a case of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland was diagnosed in a male ... | 2014 | 24831350 |
| the potential connectivity of waterhole networks and the effectiveness of a protected area under various drought scenarios. | landscape connectivity is considered a priority for ecosystem conservation because it may mitigate the synergistic effects of climate change and habitat loss. climate change predictions suggest changes in precipitation regimes, which will affect the availability of water resources, with potential consequences for landscape connectivity. the greater calakmul region of the yucatan peninsula (mexico) has experienced a 16% decrease in precipitation over the last 50 years, which we hypothesise has af ... | 2014 | 24830392 |
| [environmental safety assessment on the new super absorbent polymers applied into a soil-chinese cabbage system]. | super absorbent polymers (saps), a new water retention material, have a potential for application in water-saving agricultural production. in this study, we investigated the effects of saps, synthesized from natural plant extracts, on chinese cabbage fresh weight, soil water content, soil water stable aggregates, soil microbial biomass (carbon) and soil microbial respiration under three water conditions (excessive, normal and deficient) and two saps application strategies (bulk treatment and spr ... | 2014 | 24812978 |
| accelerating virtual high-throughput ligand docking: current technology and case study on a petascale supercomputer. | in this paper we give the current state of high-throughput virtual screening. we describe a case study of using a task-parallel mpi (message passing interface) version of autodock4 [1], [2] to run a virtual high-throughput screen of one-million compounds on the jaguar cray xk6 supercomputer at oak ridge national laboratory. we include a description of scripts developed to increase the efficiency of the predocking file preparation and postdocking analysis. a detailed tutorial, scripts, and source ... | 2014 | 24729746 |
| identification of priority conservation areas and potential corridors for jaguars in the caatinga biome, brazil. | the jaguar, panthera onca, is a top predator with the extant population found within the brazilian caatinga biome now known to be on the brink of extinction. designing new conservation units and potential corridors are therefore crucial for the long-term survival of the species within the caatinga biome. thus, our aims were: 1) to recognize suitable areas for jaguar occurrence, 2) to delineate areas for jaguar conservation (pjcus), 3) to design corridors among priority areas, and 4) to prioritiz ... | 2014 | 24709817 |
| 'mystery big cats' in the peruvian amazon: morphometrics solve a cryptozoological mystery. | two big cat skulls procured from hunters of yanachaga national park, peru, were reported as those of cats informally dubbed the 'striped tiger' and 'anomalous jaguar'. observations suggested that both skulls were distinct from those of jaguars, associated descriptions of integument did not conform to this species, and it has been implied that both represent members of one or two novel species. we sought to resolve the identity of the skulls using morphometrics. dna could not be retrieved since b ... | 2014 | 24688867 |
| first report of fluazuron resistance in rhipicephalus microplus: a field tick population resistant to six classes of acaricides. | the control of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus is based mainly on the use of chemical acaricides, which has contributed to the emerging problem of selection of resistant tick populations. currently, there are six main classes of acaricides commercially available in brazil to control cattle ticks, with fluazuron, a tick growth regulator with acaricidal properties, being the only active ingredient with no previous reports of resistance. ticks (designated the jaguar strain) were collected i ... | 2014 | 24560364 |
| cutaneous adenocarcinoma of sebaceous gland in a captive male jaguar (<i>panthera onca</i>): a case report. | high incidence of neoplasia in captive jaguar (panthera onca) has been recorded but there have been no reports of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland. a high incidence of neoplasia has been detected in captive jaguars, possibly associated with longevity and husbandry practices in captivity. neoplasm is a major cause of mortality in jaguar. tumours of sebaceous gland are common in older domestic felids. a case of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland was diagnosed in a male ... | 2014 | 28235310 |
| prediction of hydration free energies for the sampl4 diverse set of compounds using molecular dynamics simulations with the opls-aa force field. | all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations were used to blindly predict the hydration free energies of a range of small molecules as part of the sampl4 challenge. compounds were parametrized on the basis of the opls-aa force field using three different protocols for deriving partial charges: (1) using existing opls-aa atom types and charges with minor adjustments of partial charges on equivalent connecting atoms and derivation of new parameters for a number of distinct chemical groups (n-a ... | 2014 | 24557853 |
| potential improvements for dual directional view displays. | dual directional view (ddv) displays show different images to different viewers. for example, the driver of a car looking at a central ddv display could view navigation information, while the passenger, looking from a different angle, could be watching a movie. this technology, which has now established itself on the dashboards of high-end jaguar, mercedes, and range rover cars, is manufactured by sharp corporation using a well-known parallax barrier technique. unfortunately parallax barriers ar ... | 2014 | 24514196 |
| in vitro analysis suggests that difference in cell movement during direct interaction can generate various pigment patterns in vivo. | pigment patterns of organisms have invoked strong interest from not only biologists but also, scientists in many other fields. zebrafish is a useful model animal for studying the mechanism of pigment pattern formation. the zebrafish stripe pattern is primarily two types of pigment cells: melanophores and xanthophores. previous studies have reported that interactions among these pigment cells are important for pattern formation. in the recent report, we found that the direct contact by xanthophor ... | 2014 | 24449859 |
| identification of areas in brazil that optimize conservation of forest carbon, jaguars, and biodiversity. | a major question in global environmental policy is whether schemes to reduce carbon pollution through forest management, such as reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (redd+), can also benefit biodiversity conservation in tropical countries. we identified municipalities in brazil that are priorities for reducing rates of deforestation and thus preserving carbon stocks that are also conservation targets for the endangered jaguar (panthera onca) and biodiversity in general. prelimi ... | 2014 | 24372997 |
| effects of natural environmental conditions on faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in jaguars (panthera onca) in belize. | in situ studies that rely on non-invasive faecal hormone monitoring are subject to problems due to potential changes in hormone concentrations in samples exposed to field conditions. in this study, we conducted an environmental validation for measurement of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fgms) in jaguars (panthera onca). we collected fresh faeces (e.g. no older than 8 h) from jaguars (six males and four females), housed at the belize zoo, and exposed them randomly to two environmental condit ... | 2014 | 27293660 |
| peritoneal mesothelioma in a jaguar (panthera onca). | a 21-yr-old female jaguar (panthera onca) died in a zoo in teresina, piaui, brazil, following a history of abdominal distension, ascites, anorexia, and dyspnea. at necropsy, a dark red, watery, blood-tinged serous fluid was present in the abdominal cavity. the peritoneum was thick with firm, yellow, villous projections. histologically, the tumors were composed of a biphasic population of cells, which reacted to anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibodies, consistent with a biphasic benign meso ... | 2013 | 24063103 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae in the jaguar. | we examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult jaguar (panthera onca) by scanning electron microscopy. the tongue of the jaguar was about 17 cm long, and the center of the lingual apex became hollow. there were 7 vallate papillae in total. the filiform papilla on the lingual apex consisted of a larger main papilla and some secondary papillae. the connective tissue core of the filiform papilla was mountain-like in shape. the connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla was mushroom-like i ... | 2013 | 23614980 |
| assessment of effectiveness of endovascular treatment of common and external iliac artery stenosis/occlusion using self-expanding jaguar sm stents. | the goal of this work was to assess the effectiveness of endovascular treatment of common and external iliac artery stenosis/occlusion classified according to tasc using a self-expanding stent jaguar sm. the study group included 95 patients (61 men and 34 women) who underwent treatment for stenosis or occlusion of lower limb arteries at the department of radiology of the university hospital in bialystok and the diagnostic radiology department of the central clinical hospital of the ministry of i ... | 2012 | 23269933 |
| hematology and serum chemistry of free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca). | we collected and analyzed blood samples from 12 free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca). clinical examinations, hematology, and serum chemistry indicate the jaguars were in good overall health. results may help as values for free-ranging jaguars under the same handling conditions. | 2012 | 23060521 |
| evaluation of four raw meat diets using domestic cats, captive exotic felids, and cecectomized roosters. | our objective was to evaluate raw meat diets for captive exotic and domestic carnivores containing traditional and alternative raw meat sources, specifically, beef trimmings, bison trimmings, elk muscle meat, and horse trimmings. we aimed to examine diet composition and protein quality; apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility in domestic cats, african wildcats, jaguars, and malayan tigers; and me and fecal fermentative end-products in domestic cats. because of variation in th ... | 2013 | 23048161 |
| [potential distribution of jaguar, panthera onca (carnivora: felidae) in guerrero, mexico: persistence of areas for its conservation]. | studies about the permanence of natural protected areas are important, because they contribute to the promotion of the conservation target and to optimize economical and human resources of specific areas. although there are no natural protected areas in guerrero, it has suitable habitat for the jaguar, a common species used for planning and management of conservation areas. since, there is actual evidence that environmental and anthropogenic variables may modify vertebrate species distribution w ... | 2012 | 23025104 |
| a home on the range: after years of legal wrangling, the u.s. government says it will designate critical habitat for the jaguar. | | 2012 | 22779259 |
| bite force estimation and the fiber architecture of felid masticatory muscles. | increasingly, analyses of craniodental dietary adaptations take into account mechanical properties of foods. however, masticatory muscle fiber architecture has been described for relatively few lineages, even though an understanding of the scaling of this anatomy can yield important information about adaptations for stretch and strength in the masticatory system. data on the mandibular adductors of 28 specimens from nine species of felids representing nearly the entire body size range of the fam ... | 2012 | 22707481 |
| pigment pattern formation by contact-dependent depolarization. | although recent experimental studies have suggested that the interactions among the pigment cells play a key role in the skin pattern formation, details of the mechanism remain largely unknown. by using an in vitro cell culture system, we have detected interactions between the two pigment cell types, melanophores and xanthophores, in the zebrafish skin. during primary culture, the melanophore membrane transiently depolarizes when contacted with the dendrites of a xanthophore. this depolarization ... | 2012 | 22323812 |
| prediction of hydration free energies for aliphatic and aromatic chloro derivatives using molecular dynamics simulations with the opls-aa force field. | all-atom molecular dynamics computer simulations were used to blindly predict the hydration free energies of a range of chloro-organic compounds as part of the sampl3 challenge. all compounds were parameterized within the framework of the opls-aa force field, using an established protocol to compute the absolute hydration free energy via a windowed free energy perturbation approach and thermodynamic integration. three different approaches to deriving partial charge parameters were pursued: (1) u ... | 2012 | 22187140 |
| effect of cationic polymers on foam rheological properties. | we study the effect of two cationic polymers, with trade names jaguar c13s and merquat 100, on the rheological properties of foams stabilized with a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants (sodium lauryloxyethylene sulfate and cocoamidopropyl betaine). a series of five cosurfactants are used to compare the effect of these polymers on foaming systems with high and low surface dilatational moduli. the experiments revealed that the addition of jaguar to the foaming solutions leads to (1) a ... | 2012 | 22168570 |
| noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in captive jaguars (panthera onca). | jaguars are threatened with extinction throughout their range. a sustainable captive population can serve as a hedge against extinction, but only if they are healthy and reproduce. understanding how jaguars respond to stressors may help improve the captive environment and enhance their wellbeing. thus, our objectives were to: (1) conduct an adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) challenge to validate a cortisol radioimmunoassay (ria) for noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in jaguars; ... | 2012 | 21953790 |
| standard gibbs free energies of reactions of ozone with free radicals in aqueous solution: quantum-chemical calculations. | free radicals are common intermediates in the chemistry of ozone in aqueous solution. their reactions with ozone have been probed by calculating the standard gibbs free energies of such reactions using density functional theory (jaguar 7.6 program). o(2) reacts fast and irreversibly only with simple carbon-centered radicals. in contrast, ozone also reacts irreversibly with conjugated carbon-centered radicals such as bisallylic (hydroxycylohexadienyl) radicals, with conjugated carbon/oxygen-cente ... | 2011 | 21910507 |
| the drosophila gipc homologue can modulate myosin based processes and planar cell polarity but is not essential for development. | epithelia often show, in addition to the ubiquitous apico-basal (a/b) axis, a polarization within the plane of the epithelium, perpendicular to the a/b axis. such planar cell polarity (pcp) is for example evident in the regular arrangement of the stereocilia in the cochlea of the mammalian inner ear or in (almost) all drosophila adult external structures. gipcs (gaip interacting protein, c terminus) were first identified in mammals and bind to the galphai gtpase activating protein rgs-gaip. they ... | 2010 | 20574526 |
| stochastic simulation of uranium migration at the hanford 300 area. | this work focuses on the quantification of groundwater flow and subsequent u(vi) transport uncertainty due to heterogeneity in the sediment permeability at the hanford 300 area. u(vi) migration at the site is simulated with multiple realizations of stochastically-generated high resolution permeability fields and comparisons are made of cumulative water and u(vi) flux to the columbia river. the massively parallel reactive flow and transport code pflotran is employed utilizing 40,960 processor cor ... | 2011 | 20510479 |
| comparison of nine programs predicting pk(a) values of pharmaceutical substances. | knowledge of the possible ionization states of a pharmaceutical substance, embodied in the pk(a) values (logarithm of the acid dissociation constant), is vital for understanding many properties essential to drug development. we compare nine commercially available or free programs for predicting ionization constants. eight of these programs are based on empirical methods: acd/pk(a) db 12.0, adme boxes 4.9, admet predictor 3.0, epik 1.6, marvin 5.1.4, pallas pkalc net 2.0, pipeline pilot 5.0, and ... | 2009 | 19961204 |
| ozonolysis of lignin models in aqueous solution: anisole, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. | the lignin models anisole, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene were reacted with ozone in aqueous solution, and major products were identified and quantified with respect to ozone consumption when reference material was available. hydroxylation products in yields equivalent to those of singlet oxygen and muconic products (in analogy to the criegee mechanism) dominate. the formation of quinones points to the release of methanol. hydroxyl radicals (*oh, quantifi ... | 2009 | 19746725 |
| variance in the chemical composition of dry beans determined from uv spectral fingerprints. | nine varieties of dry beans representing five market classes were grown in three locations (maryland, michigan, and nebraska), and subsamples were collected for each variety (row composites from each plot). aqueous methanol extracts of ground beans were analyzed in triplicate by uv spectrophotometry. analysis of variance-principal component analysis was used to quantify the relative variance arising from location, variety, between rows of plants, and analytical uncertainty and to test the signif ... | 2009 | 19731933 |
| [identification of individual jaguars (panthera onca) and pumas (puma concolor) based on footprint morphometry (carnivora: felidae)]. | estimating feline abundance becomes particularly difficult, sometimes impossible, due to their elusive behavior and extensive space requirements. available techniques are expensive and/or poorly efficient, therefore alternative methods are needed. the objective of this study was to assess the possibility of identifying individual jaguars and pumas based on morphometric analyses of their tracks. the footprints of five jaguars and four pumas were drawn and the foot (hind or fore foot, left or righ ... | 2008 | 19419090 |
| development and testing of an optimized method for dna-based identification of jaguar (panthera onca) and puma (puma concolor) faecal samples for use in ecological and genetic studies. | the elusive nature and endangered status of most carnivore species imply that efficient approaches for their non-invasive sampling are required to allow for genetic and ecological studies. faecal samples are a major potential source of information, and reliable approaches are needed to foster their application in this field, particularly in areas where few studies have been conducted. a major obstacle to the reliable use of faecal samples is their uncertain species-level identification in the fi ... | 2009 | 19137401 |
| "may the force be with you": 14th samuel haughton lecture. | this paper presents the 14th samuel haughton lecture delivered on the 26th of january 2008. the lecture began by describing haughton's research on animal mechanics. haughton opposed charles darwin's theory of natural selection using the argument that the skeleton obeys the 'principle of least action' and therefore must have been designed with that principle in mind. in the course of his research he dissected many animals, including albatrosses, cassowaries, llamas, tigers, jackals and jaguars. h ... | 2008 | 18641919 |
| organization and quantification of the elements in the intertubular space in the adult jaguar testis (panthera onca, linnaeus, 1758). | the endocrine portion of mammal testicle is represented by leydig cells which, together with connective cells, leukocytes, blood and lymphatic vessels, form the intertubular space. the arrangement and proportion of these components vary in the different species of mammals and form mechanisms that keep the testosterone level--the main product of the leydig cell--two to three times higher in the interstitial fluid than in the testicular blood vessels and 40-250 times higher in these than in the pe ... | 2008 | 18602267 |
| [citogenetic characterization of the tropical freshwater fish parachromis managuensis (pisces: cichlidae)]. | to describe the cytogenetics of the jaguar cichlid fish parachromis managuensis, we collected eight males and 13 females in villahermosa, tabasco, méxico. the specimens were processed with standard cytogenetic techniques (slightly modified), and high quality fields of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis were obtained; 14 of these fields were analyzed by meristics and statistics methods. the specimens presented a diploid modal number of 2n = 48 chromosomes, which is similar to the number reported ... | 2006 | 18457172 |
| computational electrochemistry of ruthenium anticancer agents. unprecedented benchmarking of implicit solvation methods. | two ruthenium(iii) complexes {(him)[trans-rucl4(dmso)(im)] (nami-a) and (hind)[trans-rucl4(ind)2] (kp1019), dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide, im = imidazole, ind = indazole} have been tested in phase i clinical trials as potential anticancer drugs. ru(iii) anticancer agents are likely activated in vivo upon reduction to their ru(ii) analogs. aiming at benchmarking implicit solvation methods in dft studies of ruthenium pharmaceuticals at the b3lyp level, we have calculated the standard redox potentials ... | 2008 | 26620790 |
| we recently received a 27-year-old female zoo worker who was attacked by a jaguar (panthera onca) while cleaning its cage.. | | 2007 | 18073627 |
| jaguar medicine. | | 2010 | 17900037 |
| new high-charge density hydrophobically modified cationic hec polymers for improved co-deposition of benefit agents and serious conditioning for problem hair. | a series of new high charge density polyquaternium-67(1) (pq-67) polymers have been prepared and evaluated in shampoo formulations. these new compositions represent an addition to the family of high-viscosity quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose (hec) polymers with cationic substitution of trimethyl ammonium and dimethyldodecyl ammonium(2) (figure 1a) described in (1) and (2). the evaluation protocol included objective lab methods and subjective panel studies on different hair types. commercial con ... | 2010 | 17728943 |
| functional diversification of kir7.1 in cichlids accelerated by gene duplication. | mutation in the inward rectifier potassium channel gene, kir7.1, was previously identified as being responsible for the broader stripe zebrafish skin pattern mutant, jaguar/obelix. an amino acid substitution in this channel causes a broader stripe pattern than that of wild type zebrafish. in this study we analyzed cichlid homologs of the zebrafish kir7.1 gene. we identified two kinds of homologous genes in cichlids and named them cikir7.1 and cikir7.2. southern hybridization using cichlid genome ... | 2007 | 17553638 |
| the re-emergence of felid camouflage with the decay of predator recognition in deer under relaxed selection. | when a previously common predator disappears owing to local extinction, the strong source of natural selection on prey to visually recognize that predator becomes relaxed. at present, we do not know the extent to which recognition of a specific predator is generalized to similar looking predators or how a specific predator-recognition cue, such as coat pattern, degrades under prolonged relaxed selection. using predator models, we show that deer exhibit a more rapid and stronger antipredator resp ... | 2007 | 17148247 |
| pigment pattern in jaguar/obelix zebrafish is caused by a kir7.1 mutation: implications for the regulation of melanosome movement. | many animals have a variety of pigment patterns, even within a species, and these patterns may be one of the driving forces of speciation. recent molecular genetic studies on zebrafish have revealed that interaction among pigment cells plays a key role in pattern formation, but the mechanism of pattern formation is unclear. the zebrafish jaguar/obelix mutant has broader stripes than wild-type fish. in this mutant, the development of pigment cells is normal but their distribution is altered, maki ... | 2006 | 17121467 |
| fmla-serious health condition. perry v. jaguar of troy. | | 2006 | 17039822 |
| a theoretical proposal for the synthesis of carbapenems from 4-(2-propynyl)azetidinones promoted by [w(co)5] as an alternative to the ag+-assisted process. | the synthesis of carbapenems from 4-(2-propynyl)azetidinones assisted by both ag+ and [w(co)5] was theoretically investigated by using the b3lyp/6-31+g(d)-lanl2dz level, taking into account the effect of solvent by the pb-scrf model implemented in jaguar. according to our results, the silver-assisted cyclization is a concerted process for which the low yield experimentally observed could mainly stem from the alkaline hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. this process is very efficiently catalyzed ... | 2006 | 16871499 |
| dna microsatellite characterization of the jaguar (panthera onca) in colombia. | the colombian jaguar population is thought to contain two different subspecies, panthera onca centralis and panthera onca onca. the genetic structure of this population was evaluated using 12 microsatellite loci (n = 62 samples). in addition, 22 jaguar dna samples from guatemala, paraguay, perú, bolivia, venezuela and brazil were analyzed for these microsatellite loci (n = 84 samples). the results of this study indicate six primary themes. first, the levels of gene diversity were very high. seco ... | 2006 | 16755135 |
| body size of smilodon (mammalia: felidae). | the body masses of the three large saber-toothed machairodontines, smilodon gracilis, s. fatalis, and s. populator, were estimated on the basis of 36 osteological variables from the appendicular skeleton of extant felids. a new model is introduced that takes the reliability of the predictor equations into account, since mass estimates are more reliable when computed from multiple variables per bone. at a body mass range of 55-100 kg, s. gracilis was comparable in size to extant jaguars, and s. f ... | 2005 | 16235255 |
| evaluation of computational chemistry methods: crystallographic and cheminformatics analysis of aminothiazole methoximes. | cheminformatics is used to validate the capabilities of widely used quantum chemistry and molecular mechanics methods. among the quantum methods examined are the semiempirical mndo, am1, and pm3 methods, hartree-fock (ab initio) at a range of basis set levels, density functional theory (dft) at a range of basis sets, and a post-hartree-fock method, local moller-plesset second-order perturbation theory (lmp2). among the force fields compared are amber, mmff94, mmff94s, opls/a, opls-aa, sybyl, and ... | 2005 | 15921449 |
| effects of low-level hydrophobic substitution on conditioning properties of cationic cellulosic polymers in shampoo systems. | a new class of cationic conditioning polymers (polymer sl) has been prepared and evaluated in shampoo formulations. polymer sl is a family of high viscosity quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose (hec) polymers with cationic substitution of trimethyl ammonium and dimethyldodecyl ammonium (figure 1). sl compositions benefit from hydrophobic character to deliver superior conditioning performance in hair care applications. at the same time, low levels of hydrophobes have been chosen to assure good comp ... | 2004 | 15645097 |
| electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometric study of sodium cationized aldobiuronic and pseudoaldobiuronic acid derivatives. | fragmentation mechanisms of electrospray ionization (esi) mass spectrometry of aldobiuronic and pseudoaldobiuronic acid derivatives were elucidated by multistage mass spectrometric (ms(n), n = 2-5) measurements of selected ions. characteristic under the conditions of esi-ms analysis is the production of alkali metal (na and k) cationized adducts. the probability the of locations of na cations in per-o-methylated compounds was proved by quantum chemical calculations, using the jaguar program. the ... | 2004 | 15578757 |
| grafting raises the salt tolerance of tomato through limiting the transport of sodium and chloride to the shoot. | with the aim of determining whether grafting could improve salinity tolerance of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.), and what characteristics of the rootstock were required to increase the salt tolerance of the shoot, a commercial tomato hybrid (cv. jaguar) was grafted onto the roots of several tomato genotypes with different potentials to exclude saline ions. the rootstock effect was assessed by growing plants at different nacl concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mm nacl) under greenhouse con ... | 2005 | 15557292 |
| anagram: protein function assignment. | anagram is a web service for protein function assignment based on identity detection of small significant fragments (protomotifs) that can act as modular pieces in peptide construction. the system is able to assign function by finding correlations between protomotifs and functional annotations contained in swiss-prot and medline databases. in addition, function ontologies are used for hierarchical organization of the predicted functions. extensive tests have been carried out to evaluate the accu ... | 2004 | 14734328 |
| flocculation in mixtures of cationic polyelectrolytes and anionic surfactants. | the phase behavior of mixtures of a cationic polyelectrolyte ('jaguar') and an anionic surfactant (either sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl ether sulfate) has been studied. for a given polyelectrolyte (and added nacl) concentration, with increasing surfactant concentration, three phase regions were identified. the first region is a single homogeneous phase. within this region, at some surfactant concentration, above the critical aggregation concentration, stable open-network 'particles' fo ... | 2003 | 14672840 |
| asymmetric cell division: miranda chauffeured by jaguar? | drosophila neuroblasts divide to produce daughters of distinct fate by asymmetrically localizing cell fate determinants and segregating them preferentially to one daughter. an intact f-actin cytoskeleton was known to be required, and now a myosin vi (jaguar) has been shown to be necessary for basal targeting of cell fate determinants in neuroblasts. | 2003 | 12620217 |
| the drosophila myosin vi jaguar is required for basal protein targeting and correct spindle orientation in mitotic neuroblasts. | asymmetric cell divisions generate cellular diversity. in drosophila, embryonic neuroblasts target cell fate determinants basally, rotate their spindles by 90 degrees to align with the apical-basal axis, and divide asymmetrically in a stem cell-like fashion. in this process, apically localized bazooka recruits inscuteable and other proteins to form an apical complex, which then specifies spindle orientation and basal localization of the cell fate determinants and their adapter proteins such as m ... | 2003 | 12586070 |
| comparative analyses of semen and endocrine characteristics of free-living versus captive jaguars (panthera onca). | semen and blood samples were obtained from free-living (n = 6) and captive (n = 8) jaguars (panthera onca) to compare reproductive characteristics between the two populations. semen samples were analysed for volume (ml), percentage of motile spermatozoa, rate of forward progression (0-5), concentration (10(6) ml(-1)), total sperm count (10(6)) and sperm morphology. serum testosterone concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. although ejaculate volume was greater in captive jaguars (n = 4 ... | 2001 | 11690535 |
| glucagonoma in a jaguar (panthera onca). | an obese adult jaguar (panthera onca) was euthanized because of progressive lameness. two 3-cm-diameter pancreatic nodules were identified as islet cell tumors, which were positive with immunohistochemical stains for glucagon, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin a, and synaptophysin. the jaguar did not present clinical evidence of hyperglucagonemia. | 2000 | 11428406 |
| ethnohistorical evidence for inbreeding among the pre-hispanic mixtec royal caste. | pre-columbian mixtec social organization was distinguished by the tight endogamy of the ruling class, which included many consanguineous marriages. it was also characterized by a vigorous historical and genealogical tradition. the historical documents, or codices, provide materials for the calculation of the levels of inbreeding present before the spanish conquest. a genealogical analysis of inbreeding was performed on the combined pedigree, which spanned the tenth through sixteenth centuries, o ... | 1998 | 9599945 |
| heirs of the jaguar and the anaconda: hla, conquest and disease in the indigenous populations of the americas. | | 1997 | 9458134 |
| heirs of the jaguar and the anaconda: hla, conquest and disease in the indigenous populations of the americas. | | 1997 | 9331944 |
| [morphometric variation and ecologic characteristics of the habitat of the kinosternon scorpioides turtle in costa rica (chelonia,kinosternidae)]. | kinosternon scorpioides shows sexual dimorphism in costa rica. males are bigger than females since in the length of the shell ranges between 15.0-17.5 cm (average: 16.10 cm) and in these ones between 12.4-15.9 cm (average: 13.8 cm). according to the life zone system of holdridge, k. scorpioides is in two geographic regions with different characteristics, one situated in the tropical dry forest zone and the other in tropical very rain forest. morphometric variation is evident since females, more ... | 1994 | 7899624 |
| surgical management of collapsed pelvis in a jaguar. | an immature jaguar was surgically treated for severe constipation caused by a narrow pelvic canal. this narrowing was attributed to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. the ventral floor of the pelvis was widened by placing a piece of high density polyethylene between the 2 sides of the pubis after symphysiotomy and stabilizing the implant with orthopedic wires. this procedure provided stable fixation and permanent enlargement of the pelvic canal. the technique was easy to perform and coul ... | 1991 | 2071483 |
| pediatric power wheelchairs: evaluation of function in the home and school environments. | the purpose of this study was to compare the performance of four power wheelchairs when used by children to perform a variety of indoor activities. eight boys and eight girls performed a series of 11 functional tasks when positioned in each of four different power wheelchairs reflecting different design classes. there were no significant differences for many of the dependent variables. however, the everaid turbo was significantly better for functional positioning at a standard kitchen table and ... | 1991 | 10149068 |
| biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the america puma. | the puma (felis concolor) has the most extensive range of any terrestrial mammal in the western hemisphere, covering over 100° latitude. food habits of different puma subspecies vary with latitude. subspecies from temperate habitats generally eat larger prey and specialize on a smaller number of prey taxa, whereas, in tropical habitats, they prey on smaller, more varied prey. in north america, ungulates (primarily deer) represented 68% of the puma's diet by frequency of occurrence. mean weight o ... | 1990 | 28312554 |
| multiple neoplasia in a jaguar (panthera onca). | | 1981 | 7343568 |
| cockpit thermal stress and aircrew thermal strain during routine jaguar operations. | thermal data have been obtained from jaguar aircraft flying routine, warm-weather operations in sardinia. these data have been analysed in terms of the ambient and cockpit wet bulb globe temperatures (wbgt) and the mean body temperature (tb) of the pilot. in contrast to similar data previously obtained from harrier and buccaneer aircraft, no interrelationships could be demonstrated between ambient wbgt at ground level and either cockpit wbgt or pilot tb. relationships which could be described by ... | 1979 | 496749 |
| oestrous and ovarian activity in a female jaguar (panthera onca). | the mean +/- s.e.m. duration of oestrus was 12.0 +/- 1.0 days (n = 7) and the oestrous cycle length was 47.2 +/- 5.4 days (n = 6) for a captive jaguar. ovulation did not occur spontaneously, but was induced by treatment with hcg or lh-rh. | 1979 | 383976 |
| intestinal obstruction in a jaguar (a case report). | | 1979 | 256693 |
| a quantitative study of copulatory behaviour of large felidae. | a total of 109 copulations was observed in six male-female pairs from four species of large felidae. the mean intromission durations were 3.0 sec for asian leopards (panthera pardus), 3.3 sec for african leopards (panthera pardus), 12.9 sec for snow leopards (uncia uncia), 2.3 sec for spotted jaguars (panthera onca), 3.3 sec for black jaguars (panthera onca), and 12.4 sec for siberian tigers (panthera tigris). behavioural patterns were qualitatively similar across species; all displayed a copula ... | 1976 | 24923850 |
| outbreak of trypanosomiasis evansi amongst tigers and jaguars in the zoological garden, calcutta. | | 1971 | 5103629 |
| loss of the tongue in a jaguar. | | 1967 | 5183226 |
| feline infectious enteritis in jaguar cubs. | | 1965 | 5174587 |
| columbus dentist crowns jaguar. | | 1965 | 14283458 |
| annual and spatial variation in composition and activity of terrestrial mammals on two replicate plots in lowland forest of eastern ecuador. | terrestrial mammals are important components of lowland forests in amazonia (as seed dispersal agents, herbivores, predators) but there are relatively few detailed studies from areas that have not been affected by human activities (e.g., hunting, logging). yet, such information is needed to evaluate effects of humans elsewhere. we used camera traps to sample medium to large-sized terrestrial mammals at a site in lowland forests of eastern ecuador, one of the most biologically rich areas in the w ... | 2018 | 29333349 |
| when roads appear jaguars decline: increased access to an amazonian wilderness area reduces potential for jaguar conservation. | roads are a main threat to biodiversity conservation in the amazon, in part, because roads increase access for hunters. we examine how increased landscape access by hunters may lead to cascading effects that influence the prey community and abundance of the jaguar (panthera onca), the top amazonian terrestrial predator. understanding such ecological effects originating from anthropogenic actions is essential for conservation and management of wildlife populations in areas undergoing infrastructu ... | 2018 | 29298311 |
| first detection of feline hemoplasmas in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca). | species of hemoplasmas have been described worldwide, but little information is available for wild felids. between february 2000 and january 2010, blood samples were collected from 30 jaguars (panthera onca) and 22 domestic cats (felis catus) from the cerrado, pantanal and amazon biomes of brazil. in all samples molecular tests were performed for mycoplasma haemofelis/mycoplasma haemocanis (mhf/mhc), 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' (cmhm) and 'candidatus mycoplasma turicensis' (cmt). twenty ... | 2018 | 29408036 |
| [the jaguar panthera onca (carnivora: felidae) in “el cielo” biosphere reserve, tamaulipas, mexico]. | information on the ecology of jaguars (panthera onca) in “el cielo” biosphere reserve in tamaulipas, mexico is scant and limited to anecdotic records in a handful of publications. the objectives of our study were to: a) determine population density and structure of jaguars, b) compare their activity patterns with that of pumas (puma concolor), c) ascertain potential prey relative abundance, and d) evaluate local resident’s perception on loss of domestic animals due to jaguar predation. between a ... | 2016 | 29465909 |
| conserved citrullinating exoenzymes in porphyromonas species. | porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major oral pathogens implicated in the widespread inflammatory disorder periodontitis. moreover, in recent years, p. gingivalis has been associated with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. the peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme of p. gingivalis (ppad) is a major virulence factor that catalyzes the citrullination of both bacterial and host proteins, potentially contributing to production of anticitrullinated protein antibodies. considering that these ... | 2017 | 29298553 |
| blood meal identification in the cryptic species anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii using maldi-tof ms. | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently emerged in entomology as a technique to identify arthropods and their blood meal source. in this study, female anopheles gambiae were fed on five host blood sources: ocelot (leopardus pardalis), binturong (arctictis binturong), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), jaguar (panthera onca) and hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), while anopheles coluzzii were fed on three hosts: dromedary (camelus ... | 2018 | 30052501 |
| prey availability and temporal partitioning modulate felid coexistence in neotropical forests. | carnivores have long been used as model organisms to examine mechanisms that allow coexistence among ecologically similar species. interactions between carnivores, including competition and predation, comprise important processes regulating local community structure and diversity. we use data from an intensive camera-trapping monitoring program across eight neotropical forest sites to describe the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of a guild of five sympatric cat species: jaguar (panthera ... | 2019 | 30861045 |
| feeding interactions in an assemblage of terrestrial carnivores in central mexico. | we evaluated the strategies of resources partitioning among species, dietary overlap and niche breadth in an assemblage of carnivores integrated by top predators (puma concolor and panthera onca) and mesopredators(leoparduspardalis,leoparduswiedii,puma yagouaroundi,nasuanarica andurocyoncinereoargenteus). the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms explaining the coexistence among species at a temperate zone in central mexico. | 2015 | 31966103 |
| first identification and molecular phylogeny of sparganum proliferum from endangered felid (panthera onca) and other wild definitive hosts in one of the regions with highest worldwide biodiversity. | after decades of being neglected, broad tapeworms now attract growing attention thanks to the increasing number of reports from humans but also thanks to many advancements achieved by application of molecular methods in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. regarding sparganosis, unfortunately general uniformity of most species, their high intraspecific variability and lack of agreement among researchers has led to confusion about the classification of spirometra/sparganum species. for the firs ... | 2020 | 33083226 |
| absence of parvovirus shedding in feces of threatened carnivores from misiones, argentina. | since its emergence in the 1970s, canine parvovirus (cpv) has spread worldwide and infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including domestic and nondomestic carnivores. today it is one of the most important pathogenic viruses associated with high morbidity and mortality in domestic dogs ( canis familiaris). in south america, the range of wild hosts has been scarcely studied and the epidemiology of cpv in wildlife is still unclear. in 2011, feces from five wild carnivores (bush dog [ speothos ... | 2018 | 30592932 |
| effectiveness of panama as an intercontinental land bridge for large mammals. | habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and establishment of biological corridors is a common strategy to mitigate this problem. a flagship example is the mesoamerican biological corridor (mbc), which aims to connect protected forest areas between mexico and panama to allow dispersal and gene flow of forest organisms. because forests across central america have continued to degrade, the functioning of the mbc has been questioned, but reliable estimates of species occurrence w ... | 2020 | 31385631 |
| predation by jaguar on howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in venezuela. | we document the loss of all but the youngest member of a troop of six howler monkeys due to probable jaguar predation during a 7-month period in 1988. the formation of guri lake resulted in forest fragmentation which forced monkeys into new and unfamiliar areas and altered the balance of predator and prey populations, and may thus have contributed indirectly to the success of the jaguar. the selection of defoliated (dead) trees for sleeping sites by the howlers may have directly increased the ri ... | 1992 | 31941210 |
| puberty and oestral cycle length in captive female jaguars panthera onca. | habitat loss and fragmentation have been leading jaguars to constant conflicts with humans, and as a result, jaguar populations have been declining over the last decades. captive breeding is often a tool for species conservation, and it is not different for jaguars. however, success is far from optimal due to the lack of basic knowledge about species' reproductive biology. in the present study, we assessed gonadal hormonal profiles of natural oestral cycles and puberty and compared our data to t ... | 2020 | 32577289 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii parasite in captive mexican jaguars determined by recombinant surface antigens (sag1) and dense granular antigens (gra1 and gra7) in elisa-based serodiagnosis. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing serious public health problems. in this study, the seroprevalence of t. gondii in captive jaguars in 10 mexican zoos was determined using single and mixtures of recombinant surface antigens (sag1) and dense granular antigens (gra1 and gra7) in immunoglobulin g (igg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). their efficacy was compared with the tachyzoite ly ... | 2020 | 31704144 |
| characterizing conflict between humans and big cats panthera spp: a systematic review of research trends and management opportunities. | conservation of big cats (panthera spp.), a taxonomic group including tigers, lions, jaguars, leopards and snow leopards, is a daunting challenge. as expanding human populations across panthera range countries exacerbate competition for land and prey, conflicts between humans and big cats are inevitable. through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published from 1991 to 2014 and indexed in web of science and google scholar (186 articles), our study explored the current state of k ... | 2018 | 30226894 |
| are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter? | interspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. this is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management. | 2018 | 29379688 |
| cellular characterization and effects of cryoprotectant solutions on the viability of fibroblasts from three brazilian wild cats. | preserving genetic material in cryogenic conditions presents a viable alternative for the protection of species' gene variability. however, there is an enormous need to establish and test cryopreservation protocols that are suitable for each diverse cell type to guarantee technical success in the long run. considering this, fibroblasts from jaguar (panthera onca), oncilla (leopardus tigrinus), and pampas cat (leopardus colocolo) were subjected to cell characterization and then cryopreservation i ... | 2020 | 33035068 |
| illegal trade in wild cats and its link to chinese-led development in central and south america. | seizures of hundreds of jaguar heads and canines in central and south america from 2014 to 2018 resulted in worldwide media coverage suggesting that wildlife traffickers are trading jaguar body parts as substitutes for tiger parts to satisfy the demand for traditional asian medicine. we compiled a data set of >1000 seized wild cats (jaguar [panthera onca], puma [puma concolor], and ocelot [leopardus pardalis]) from 19 central and south american countries and china. we ran generalized additive mi ... | 2020 | 32484587 |
| can jaguar (panthera onca) ovulate without copulation? | threatened of extinction in brazil, the jaguar is the largest predator in latin america, playing an important role in the ecosystem where it is inserted. despite of some important studies in this species, its reproductive physiology needs to be better understood for the development of more effective reproductive biotechnologies. one well studied biological aspect is the occurrence of ovulation following stimulation of the vaginal floor during copulation. this mechanical stimulation is responsibl ... | 2020 | 32092606 |
| morphology, morphometry, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial activity of jaguar (panthera onca) sperm. | the jaguar is categorized as "near threatened". conservation strategies, therefore, are needed which include use of reproductive biotechniques. for implementation of biotechnique use, the reproductive characteristics of the species must be understood, which is currently not the case. this study, therefore, aimed to describe the detailed morphology of jaguar sperm, and to evaluate the sperm mitochondrial activity. five male adults were used. slides stained with rose bengal were used for morphomet ... | 2019 | 30853119 |
| cystoisospora felis infection in a captive jaguar cub (panthera onca) in michoacán, méxico. | cystoisospora felis (wenyon 1923) was identified in a 3-month-old, captive jaguar (panthera onca) presenting with signs of gastrointestinal distress. the cub was fed beef, chicken, and commercial diet. examination of fresh feces detected large (47.8 μm × 35 μm) unsporulated oocysts. sporulated oocysts contained 2 sporocysts, each with 4 sporozoites. oocyst morphometrics agreed with published features of c. felis described from domestic felines. partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit ... | 2020 | 32057398 |
| review of canine distemper vaccination use and safety in north american captive large felids (panthera spp.) from 2000 to 2017. | data on canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccination were collected on 812 large felids (351 tigers, panthera tigris; 220 lions, panthera leo; 143 snow leopards, panthera uncia; 50 leopards, panthera pardus; and 48 jaguars, panthera onca) from 48 institutions to assess vaccine use and safety. the documented individual vaccination events with multiple products numbered 2,846. canarypox-vectored cdv vaccines were the most commonly used vaccines (96.3% of all vaccinations) and the purevax® ferret diste ... | 2020 | 31926507 |
| a retrospective study of reported disorders of the oral cavity in large felids in australian zoos. | disorders of the oral cavity are conditions reported by veterinarians that impact the health and welfare of large felids in human care. there have been no studies documenting the prevalence of these conditions and species affected in australian zoos. a review of the medical records of lions (panthera leo), tigers (panthera tigris), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), jaguars (puma onca), snow leopards (panthera uncia), persian leopards (panthera pardus saxicolor), and cougars (puma concolor) from 10 au ... | 2019 | 31120658 |