| deliberate release of a recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus for vaccination of wild animals against rabies. | since 1978, several european countries have conducted, at different times, large-scale field trials of oral vaccination of foxes (vulpes vulpes) against rabies, using the sad, standard or b19-modified attenuated strains of rabies virus. the use of attenuated strains of rabies virus remains controversial as far as safety and stability are concerned, since these virus strains retain pathogenicity for rodents or other wildlife species and are heat-sensitive. to improve both safety and stability of ... | 1993 | 8281357 |
| evaluation of fox-chasing enclosures as sites of potential introduction and establishment of echinococcus multilocularis. | following detection of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) illegally imported into south carolina (usa) for release in fox-chasing enclosures, a survey for e. multilocularis was conducted in four enclosures in georgia (usa) and six enclosures in south carolina. survey methods included examination of potential small mammal intermediate hosts (n = 390) for e. multilocularis larvae, examination of fox and coyote (canis latrans) scats (n = 59) for taeniid eggs, and examination o ... | 1993 | 8355358 |
| epidemiology of toxocara canis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of bristol. | a descriptive epidemiological survey was undertaken of the ascarid nematode toxocara canis in 521 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) during the period january 1986 to july 1990. age-prevalence and age-intensity profiles show that worm burdens are significantly higher in cubs than in subadult or adult foxes and higher in subadult than in adult foxes. seasonal variations in worm burdens occur, with the highest prevalences and intensities being found during the spring, when cubs are born, and in the summer ... | 1993 | 8414671 |
| photopigments of dogs and foxes and their implications for canid vision. | electroretinogram (erg) flicker photometry was used to examine the photopigment complements of representatives of four genera of canid: domestic dog (canis familiaris), island gray fox (urocyon littoralis), red fox (vulpes vulpes), and arctic fox (alopex lagopus). these four genera share a common cone pigment complement; each has one cone pigment with peak sensitivity of about 555 nm and a second cone pigment with peak at 430-435 nm. these pigment measurements accord well with the conclusions of ... | 1993 | 8424924 |
| [testing of a new bait for the oral immunization of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) against rabies]. | a field trial is described for testing the acceptance of a new machine made bait (altrofox/91) for oral immunization of red foxes. the investigations were undertaken in direct comparison with a bait with known attractiveness for foxes. after the choice of suitable field trial areas the baits were distributed at a density of 18/km2 by fixed-wing aircraft. each bait version contained a different derivate of tetracycline as a biomarker. the evaluation of the attractiveness and acceptance by red fox ... | 1993 | 8457184 |
| pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter msh receptor function. | coat colors in the chestnut horse, the yellow labrador retriever, the red fox, and one type of yellow mouse are due to recessive alleles at the extension locus. similarly, dominant alleles at this locus are often responsible for dark coat colors in mammals, such as the melanic form of the leopard, panthera pardus. we show here that the murine extension locus encodes the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) receptor. in mice, the recessive yellow allele (e) results from a frameshift that produces ... | 1993 | 8458079 |
| [occurrence of leptospira antibodies in the blood of game animals]. | the blood serum of game was examined for the presence of antibodies to leptospiras in 1987-1989. a total of 792 blood sera from animals belonging to 14 zoo-species were examined (tab. i). the blood serum of red deer (cervus elephus) was examined the most often within the group of animals, in 398 cases, i.e. 50.2%, followed by 165 blood sera of wild boar (sus scrofa), representing 20.8%, and by 136 blood sera of roedeer (capreolus capreolus), representing 18.6%. small numbers of blood sera of the ... | 1993 | 8488630 |
| identification of regional variants of the rabies virus within the canadian province of ontario. | although rabies outbreaks in most parts of the world tend to be host species-specific the rabies currently enzootic in the canadian province of ontario is hosted by two wildlife species, the red fox and the striped skunk. previous studies employing monoclonal antibody panels failed to identify any host-specific differences in ontario rabies virus street isolates, but certain observations suggested the existence of more than one viral strain in terrestrial mammals of this region. the extent of va ... | 1993 | 8492088 |
| biochemical, biological, and genetic characterization of a sylvatic isolate of trichinella. | biological, biochemical, and genetic relationships of trichinella isolates were assessed and compared from 3 species of illinois fur-bearing mammals. tongue muscle collected from 1987 through 1989 from 323 raccoons (procyon lotor), 9 red fox (vulpes fulva), and 1 coyote (canis latrans) were digested and trichinella muscle larval prevalences and mean intensities (larvae/g) determined. the prevalence and mean intensity of tongue muscle-stage larvae were 2.8% and 44.4% and 326 and 2 larvae/g for ra ... | 1993 | 8501590 |
| reproduction of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) in north-eastern spain: a preliminary report. | red fox reproduction in north-eastern spain was studied by analysing the reproductive tracts of 84 females. mean litter size was estimated to be 3.32 cubs per female, most of the births occurring from mid-march to mid-april. | 1993 | 8518441 |
| elimination of fox rabies from belgium using a recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine: an update. | to improve both safety and stability of the vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies by the oral route, a recombinant vaccinia virus, expressing the glycoprotein of rabies virus (vvtggrab) has been developed. vvtggrab innocuity was verified in target species and in domestic animals as well as in numerous wild animal species that could compete with the red fox in consuming vaccine baits in europe. oral immunization of foxes, by distributing vvtggrab vaccine-baits, was undertak ... | 1995 | 8545965 |
| cerebral coeneurosis in chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica). | two cases of cerebral coeneurosis in chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) from catalonia (northeastern spain) are described. this disease, of which few cases have been reported, may, in fact, be relatively frequent. although the characteristic symptom of the disease in sheep is circling, that symptom was not observed in this study. chamois may act as a host within the sheep-shepherd-dog cycle, but is probable that red fox (vulpes vulpes) also acts as a definitive host. | 1995 | 8546018 |
| antibody response to rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease virus in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) consuming livers of infected rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | six red foxes (vulpes vulpes) were given oral doses of homogenized liver from rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) that died from rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease (rvhd) and four control foxes were given liver from uninfected rabbits. antibodies to rvhd virus were monitored over 6 months. there was a pronounced antibody response 7 days after exposure which persisted to 14 days and then diminished. low titers still were evident in three foxes at the end of the experiment. based on these results, fox s ... | 1995 | 8592388 |
| the development and use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant oral vaccine for the control of wildlife rabies; a link between jenner and pasteur. | to improve both safety and stability of the oral vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunizing g protein of rabies virus has been developed by inserting the cdna which codes for the immunogenic glycoprotein of rabies virus into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of the copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus. the efficacy of this vaccine was tested by the oral route, primarily in foxes. the immunity conferred, a minimum of 12 m ... | 1996 | 8666066 |
| clinical picture and antibody response to experimental sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) were experimentally infected with sarcoptes scabiei isolated from a naturally infected wild red fox. a fourth red fox served as a control. the first signs of sarcoptic mange became evident on the 31st day post infection (dpi). the signs gradually increased thereafter and between dpi 49 and 77 characteristic lesions of hyperkeratosis developed. two of the infected foxes developed severe sarcoptic mange, and one of these animals died on dpi 121. the third fox develo ... | 1995 | 8669378 |
| seroprevalence of orthopox virus specific antibodies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the federal state brandenburg, germany. | the prevalence of orthopox virus (opv)-specific antibodies in 1,040 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) was evaluated on a large scale in the german federal state brandenburg. serum samples were selected from 809 communities within the study area from january 1991 to september 1994 by simple random sampling. screening was carried out by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). orthopox virus-specific antibodies were found in 162 (16%) of the 1,040 fox sera. furthermore 154 (15%) sera were co ... | 1996 | 8722277 |
| cluster of rabies cases of probable bat origin among red foxes in prince edward island, canada. | between 15 november and 13 december 1993, three cases of rabies of probable bat origin were confirmed in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the same area of prince edward island, canada, previously thought to be free of rabies in terrestrial mammals. such clusters have rarely been described in north america. | 1996 | 8722290 |
| [the "dangerous fox tapeworm" (echinococcus multilocularis) and alveolar echinococcosis of humans in central europe]. | according to the present status of knowledge, endemic echinococcus multilocularis infections in foxes (vulpes vulpes) are known to occur in the following countries of central europe: belgium (southern parts), luxembourg, france (massif central and eastern parts), switzerland (21 of 26 cantons) liechtenstein, austria (6 of 9 provinces), germany (812 of 16 federal states), and poland (northern parts). the prevalence rates of e. multilocularis are highly variable regionally and range between > 1 an ... | 1996 | 8765534 |
| intestinal helminths of the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) in galicia (northwest spain). | the intestinal helminth fauna of 201 specimens of vulpes vulpes, captured in galicia (northwest spain), was investigated. eight species were found: toxocara canis (23% of host specimens), toxocara cati (0.5%), toxascaris leonina (1%), uncinaria stenocephala (28%), seuratascaris numidica (0.5%), taenia crassiceps (23%), mesocestoides litteratus (2.5%) and dipylidium caninum (0.5%). we discuss possible relationships between human population density and the prevalence of infection of fox by intesti ... | 1995 | 8834508 |
| chromosome localization of the genes for growth hormone, somatostatin peptide, ornithine transcarbamylase, and prion protein in silver fox (vulpes fulvus). | | 1996 | 8875899 |
| applications of pox virus vectors to vaccination: an update. | recombinant pox viruses have been generated for vaccination against heterologous pathogens. amongst these, the following are notable examples. (i) the engineering of the copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. when applied in baits, this recombinant has been shown to vaccinate the red fox in europe and raccoons in the united states, stemming the spread of rabies virus infection in the wild. (ii) a fowlpox-based recombinant expressing the newcastle disease vi ... | 1996 | 8876138 |
| sexually dimorphic aspects of spontaneous activity in meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus): effects of exposure to fox odor. | in this study, a multivariate analysis of the locomotor activity of adult, breeding male and female meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) was conducted. overall, male voles made more movements and spent more time in the center of the activity chambers than did female voles. the authors further investigated the effects of brief exposure (3 min) to predator (red fox [vulpes vulpes]) odor and various control odors (butyric acid, extract of orange) on subsequent activity. control odors had no effec ... | 1996 | 8919015 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum infection in foxes (vulpes vulpes) in cornwall. | a post mortem examination on a young fox which had been observed to be clinically ill revealed a severe infection with angiostrongylus vasorum. a further 11 foxes were examined and four were infected with the parasite; three of these also had advanced lesions of sarcoptic mange. the cases all occurred outside the previously defined focus of endemic infection for dogs in cornwall and they appear to be the first recorded cases of a vasorum in foxes in the united kingdom. | 1996 | 8931300 |
| a helminthological survey of wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of copenhagen. | sixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: strongyle eggs (75.0%), capillaria eggs (36.8%), toxocara eggs (23.5%), taenia eggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found: uncinaria stenocephala (85.7%), toxocara canis (81.0%), taenia spp. (38.1%), meso ... | 1996 | 8960222 |
| duration of immunity in foxes vaccinated orally with era vaccine in a bait. | red foxes (vulpes vulpes) vaccinated orally with the era strain of rabies vaccine in a bait were challenged after 83 mo. ten of 11 foxes that had seroconverted following vaccination resisted challenge with a virulent rabies virus which produced clinical signs of rabies in 6 of 6 unvaccinated foxes. five of 11 vaccinated animals retained titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibody throughout the period. although 6 of 11 had no detectable antibody at the time of challenge, 5 of these 6 resisted c ... | 1997 | 9008799 |
| effectiveness of sag1 oral vaccine for the long-term protection of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) against rabies. | three groups of 10 foxes were vaccinated by the direct oral instillation of 2 ml of sag1 rabies virus vaccine containing 10(6) micld50 (10(7) tcid50/ml) infectious viral particles/ml. sag1 is a natural variant of the attenuated rabies vaccine strain sad bern and was selected in the presence of monoclonal antibodies. the strain is devoid of residual pathogenicity for the fox and the highly susceptible adult laboratory mouse by the oral, intramuscular and intracerebral routes. the foxes were chall ... | 1997 | 9023904 |
| field use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in europe and north america. | during recent years, most research on the control of sylvatic rabies has concentrated on developing methods of oral vaccination of wild rabies vectors. to improve both the safety and the stability of the vaccine used, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunising glycoprotein of rabies virus (vrg), has been developed and tested extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. from 1989 to 1995, approximately 8.5 million vrg vaccine doses were dispersed in western europe to v ... | 1996 | 9025144 |
| an indirect immunofluorescent test for detection of rabies virus antibodies in foxes. | the blood-containing fluids in the thoracic cavity or blood from the heart from 177 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in slovenia were evaluated for rabies antibodies by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) and an adapted indirect immunofluorescent test (iif) in 1994. we evaluated the usefulness of anti-dog fluorescein-isothiocyanate (fitc) conjugate instead of anti-fox fitc conjugate in detection of antibodies against rabies virus in fox sera. in the rffit test, 92 (52%) of the fox samples w ... | 1997 | 9027703 |
| a non-epistatic interaction of agouti and extension in the fox, vulpes vulpes. | agouti and extension are two genes that control the production of yellow-red (phaeomelanin) and brown-black (eumelanin) pigments in the mammalian coat. extension encodes the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (mc1r) while agouti encodes a peptide antagonist of the receptor. in the mouse, extension is epistatic to agouti, hence dominant mutants of the mc1r encoding constitutively active receptors are not inhibited by the agouti antagonist, and animals with dominant alleles of both loci remai ... | 1997 | 9054949 |
| on physaloptera sibirica petrow et gorbunow, 1931 (nematoda: physalopteridae) parasitizing iberian mammals. | faunistic and morphological study of physaloptera sibirica petrow et gorbunow, 1931 (nematoda: physalopteridae), a nematode isolated in spain from three mammal species: red fox, vulpes vulpes (linnaeus, 1758) (carnivora: canidae), eurasian badger, meles meles (linnaeus, 1758) (carnivora: mustelidae), and garden dormouse, eliomys quercinus (linnaeus, 1766) (rodentia: myoxidae) in the iberian peninsula. morphological features of cephalic and caudal regions of males are presented for the first time ... | 1996 | 9077116 |
| managing problem wildlife in the 'old world': a veterinary perspective. | this paper focuses on mammalian pest species mainly in europe and africa and on implications for animal health, human safety, wildlife management and animal welfare. three examples of problem species are presented: the wild boar (sus scrofa), the stray dog (canis familiaris) and the red fox, (vulpes vulpes). several species are reservoirs or vectors of transmissible diseases of man and of economically valuable domestic species. the control of these and other infections and the limitation of the ... | 1997 | 9109191 |
| a bait-delivered immunocontraceptive vaccine for the european red fox (vulpes vulpes) by the year 2002? | an orally-delivered immunocontraceptive vaccine is being developed for the control of fox populations. a number of genes (ph-20, ldh-c4, zp3) encoding gamete proteins have been cloned, produced in recombinant expression systems and used in fertility trials to test the efficacy of these antigens. as the immunocontraceptive vaccine will be delivered in a bait, there is a requirement for a greater understanding of the immune responses of the reproductive mucosa in canids, and the assessment of the ... | 1997 | 9109200 |
| microsatellite differentiation between phillip island and mainland australian populations of the red fox vulpes vulpes. | predation by the red fox vulpes vulpes is believed to be threatening the little penguin eudyptula minor on phillip island in victoria. polymorphism at seven microsatellite loci was examined to estimate the extent of differentiation between phillip island and mainland populations of v. vulpes. loss of alleles has occurred on phillip island where foxes first appeared approximately 88 years ago compared with mainland populations. genetic differentiation between the phillip island and mainland popul ... | 1996 | 9147696 |
| [isolation and identification of lyssavirus strains from an area of slovakia where oral antirabies vaccine was administered]. | the study was aimed at isolation and subsequent identification of strains of rabies virus by means of monoclonal antibodies from foxes killed in the vaccination zone within the complex preliminary monitoring of oral antirabies vaccination. the results obtained indicate that the vaccines for oral antirabies vaccination used in slovakia did not contain any vaccination strain pathogenic to the extremely sensitive target species-the fox (vulpes vulpes). | 1997 | 9148571 |
| a noninvasive method for distinguishing among canid species: amplification and enzyme restriction of dna from dung. | endangered san joaquin kit foxes vulpes macrotis mutica can be sympatrically distributed with as many as four other canids: red fox, gray fox, coyote and domestic dog. canid scats are often found during routine fieldwork, but cannot be reliably identified to species. to detect and study the endangered kit fox, we developed mitochondrial dna markers that can be amplified from small amounts of dna extracted from scats. we amplified a 412-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene from scat ... | 1997 | 9161016 |
| ige response to fur animal allergens and domestic animal allergens in fur farmers and fur garment workers. | the aim of this study was to compare the ige response to the most commonly farmed fur animals with that to domestic animals. | 1997 | 9179423 |
| [effect of domestication of the silver fox on the main enzymes of serotonin metabolism and serotonin receptors]. | in silver foxes significant alterations in the activities of basic enzymes of neurotransmitter serotonin metabolism as well as in the densities of receptors caused by selection for the absence of the aggressive defensive reaction to man were demonstrated. in the midbrain and hypothalamus of animals selected for the absence of aggressive behavior, the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the key enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis, was found to be remarkably higher than in animals selected for highly ... | 1997 | 9244768 |
| validation of the feeding test as an index of fear in farmed blue (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the reliability and validity of the eating behaviour in the presence of man (feeding test) as an index of fear were assessed in farmed blue (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). repeatability of the feeding test was good in both species. no further habituation occurred after the fourth successive test in either species. in addition, the behaviour of both species was independent of the person who performed the test. the normal feeding interval, i.e., 24 h, between feed deliveries, wa ... | 1997 | 9284501 |
| chemotherapy with praziquantel has the potential to reduce the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild foxes (vulpes vulpes). | in order to evaluate the applicability of anthelminthic treatment of wild foxes (vulpes vulpes) to limit their infection with echinococcus multilocularis, bait pellets, each containing 50 mg praziquantel, were repeatedly distributed in an area of 566 km2 where many foxes are infected, in southern germany. after six baiting campaigns (15-20 baits/km2) over a period of 14 months, the prevalence of the cestode in foxes, initially 32%, had fallen to 4%. the effect was most pronounced in the central ... | 1997 | 9307660 |
| examination of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from belgium for antibody to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. | | 1997 | 9330477 |
| field evidence of secondary poisoning of foxes (vulpes vulpes) and buzzards (buteo buteo) by bromadiolone, a 4-year survey. | this paper presents the result of a 4 year survey in france (1991-1994) based on the activity of a wildlife disease surveillance network (sagir). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the detrimental effects of anticoagulant (ac) rodenticides in non-target wild animals. ac poisoning accounted for a very limited number of the identified causes of death (1-3%) in most species. predators (mainly foxes and buzzards) were potentially exposed to anticoagulant compounds (especially bromadiolone) vi ... | 1997 | 9353908 |
| oscillatory fast wave activity in the rat pyriform cortex: relations to olfaction and behavior. | bursts of rhythmical fast waves (> 1 mv, peak frequency approximately 16 hz; mean frequency approximately 20 hz) are elicited in the olfactory bulb and pyriform cortex in waking or urethane-anesthetized rats (1.25 g/kg, i.p.) by olfactory stimulation with organic solvents (xylene, toluene, methyl methacrylate, oil of turpentine) or components of anal gland secretions of rat predators (2-propylthietane, weasel; trimethyl thiazoline, red fox). these waves are specifically related to olfaction sinc ... | 1997 | 9359585 |
| [selection vector and ontogenetic development of behavior under domestication of wild norway rats]. | hereditary variation in rates of ontogenetic formation of exploratory behavior, glucocorticoid functions, and neurotransmitter systems in wild norway rats during selection for absence of defensive response towards humans (domestication) is demonstrated. interrelated shifts in the development of behavior and neurohormonal systems are shown. a comparison of the data obtained with the results of domestication of another species-silver fox-suggests that equally vectorized selection of animals belong ... | 1997 | 9378308 |
| regulation of reproductive tract immunoglobulins by oestradiol-17beta in the european red fox. | the effect of the ovarian hormone, oestradiol-17beta, on reproductive tract immunity in the female fox was investigated. reproductive tract antibody responses were induced by either peyer's patch immunization with a recombinant fox sperm protein, or by oral immunization with live, attenuated salmonella typhimurium. the effect of exogenous oestradiol-17beta or the stage of the oestrous cycle on reproductive tract immunity was assessed. the secretion of specific vaginal iga, but not vaginal igg, a ... | 1997 | 9418983 |
| [helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne 1758) in south sachsen-anhalt--1: cestodes]. | between january 1993 and november 1994 a total of 1300 red foxes from the administrative districts halle and dessau were examined for the presence of echinococcus multilocularis and other cestodes. echinococcus multilocularis-infections were detected in only 4 of 1300 (0.3%) foxes. furthermore the following cestodes were found: mesocestoides spp. (54.1%), taenia crassiceps (17.7%), taenia polyacantha (11.9%), hydatigera taeniaeformis (0.2%), taenia serialis (0.15%), taenia pisiformis (0.15%), no ... | 1997 | 9445786 |
| [occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863, in foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the czech republic]. | during the period between december 1994 and december 1996 the authors examined, using the method of helminthological dissection of the intestinal tract in 15 districts of four regions in the czech republic a total of 824 foxes from 350 land registers. echinococcus multilocularis was found in the following regions: south bohemian (districts jindrichův hradec, ceský krumlov, prachatice and strakonice), central bohemian (benesov district) and north bohemian (district teplice and chomutov). there we ... | 1997 | 9471307 |
| [alveolar hydatidosis (alveococcosis) in the czech republic and its immunodiagnosis]. | the frequent contemporary infections with the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis in foxes in some districts of the czech republic make it necessary to consider the probability of infection of man by the larval stage of this tapeworm in this country. so far there was in the czech republic a single case of alveolar hydatidosis (in 1977) in man with a lethal outcome. foxes vulpes vulpes increased in the czech republic considerably in numbers in recent years, and their infestations with e. multilo ... | 1997 | 9471308 |
| [helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linne 1758) in southern saxony--2: nematodes]. | between january 1993 and november 1994 a total of 1300 red foxes from the administrative districts halle and dessau were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine. the following nematodes were found: toxocara canis (26.5%), toxascaris leonina (10.5%), uncinaria stenocephala (15.9%) ancylostoma caninum (1.7%). the search for trichinella spp. larvae was negative in all 780 examined foxes. | 1997 | 9471417 |
| trichinella spiralis in sylvatic hosts from prince edward island. | larvae of trichinella sp. were found in two of 208 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and one of 125 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained from trappers from prince edward island (canada) in 1995 and 1996. a polymerase chain reaction based dna biotyping method revealed the larvae to be isolates of trichinella spiralis. this is the first verified identification of t. spiralis in sylvatic hosts from canada. | 1998 | 9476239 |
| pneumonyssoides caninum, the canine nasal mite, reported for the first time in a fox (vulpes vulpes). | this is the first report describing the finding of the canine nasal mite, pneumonyssoides caninum, in a silver fox (vulpes vulpes). it is also the first time p. caninum has been found in a species other than the dog (canis familiaris). a severely debilitated 10-month-old, male silver fox was euthanised due to suspected renal failure. during autopsy, a female mite matching the description of p. caninum was found in the nasal cavity of the fox. the finding of p. caninum in the fox suggests the exi ... | 1997 | 9477515 |
| distribution of sylvatic species of trichinella in estonia according to climate zones. | a survey on trichinellosis among sylvatic and domestic animals from estonia revealed the presence of trichinella nativa (tn), trichinella britovi (tb), and trichinella spiralis (ts). muscle samples were collected from 776 sylvatic and 1,086 domestic animals. muscle larvae from 52 of the 74 positive samples were identified, using random-amplified polymorphic dna analysis; 19 samples showed tn, 27 samples tb, and 4 samples ts. a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and a red fox (vulpes vulpes) ... | 1998 | 9488368 |
| [current status of animal rabies in france]. | the main host reservoir and vector of rabies in western europe is the red fox (vulpes vulpes). a vaccination strategy for this species has been developed and tested in switzerland since 1978. results indicate that the vaccine which is administered in spring and autumn for at least two consecutive years is more effective than destruction by shooting or gassing the animals. the same approach using bait containing increasingly effective and safe vaccines has been in use in france since 1986. by cre ... | 1997 | 9513178 |
| the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of trichinella sp. in poland. | | 1997 | 9557598 |
| oral rabies vaccination of red foxes and golden jackals in israel: preliminary bait evaluation. | field trials were conducted in late april to early may of 1995 and 1996 in central israel to assess the potential for controlling rabies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (canis aureus) by using vaccine-laden baits. of the bait types which were field tested, polymer fish meal baits were selected as the most suitable for both species. fish meal baits containing tetracycline hydrochloride, an oral biomarker, were distributed by four-wheel-drive vehicle at a density of approximately 3 ... | 1997 | 9567312 |
| coproantigen detection in a survey of echinococcus multilocularis infection among red foxes, vulpes vulpes schrencki, in hokkaido, japan. | detection of echinococcus coproantigen using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) was performed on fecal samples of red foxes in hokkaido, japan. fecal samples were collected around fox dens in 1990 and 1992. the antibodies used for selisa recognize heat-resistant antigens, thus all fecal samples were heated to render it safe for handling before examination. detection of taeniid egg in fox feces collected was considered as an indication of e. multilocularis infection. in fecal sam ... | 1998 | 9637302 |
| helminths of foxes and other wild carnivores from rural areas in greece. | twenty species of helminth parasites were identified from fox, wolf, jackal and wild cat material collected in greece. of the 314 foxes (vulpes vulpes) examined, 18 helminth species were recovered comprising one trematode, eight cestodes, seven nematodes and two acanthocephalans, with the cestode species mesocestoides sp. (73.2%), joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (24.5%) and the nematode species uncinaria stenocephala (43.9%), and toxara canis (28.6%) being the most prevalent. five cestode and thre ... | 1997 | 9705680 |
| antibodies against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in free-ranging red foxes from germany. | antibodies against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) from 352 red fox (vulpes vulpes) sera collected in germany (mecklenburg-vorpommern) in 1993 were tested by a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit. ninety samples with positive or suspected results also were analyzed by the hemagglutination inhibition test (hit). eighteen serum samples (5%) were positive with the blocking elisa and eight of these also were positive with hit. the 18 positive sera also were tested by ... | 1998 | 9706552 |
| antibodies against orthopoxviruses in wild carnivores from fennoscandia. | two hundred and three sera obtained in 1993-96 from red foxes (vulpes vulpes), lynx (lynx lynx), brown bears (ursus arctos) and wolverines (gulo gulo) in fennoscandia (norway, sweden, and finland) were examined for the presence of anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies by a competition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). high prevalences were found for the red foxes in norway (7/62, 11%) and finland (7/14, 50%). while only one of 73 (1%) lynx from finland had anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies, a high ... | 1998 | 9706553 |
| responses of red foxes to first and second infection with sarcoptes scabiei. | the clinical response of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) to the mange mite, sarcoptes scabiei, was characterized by infection of five, 4-mo-old red foxes with s. scabiei originally isolated from a wild red fox. the infected foxes and three uninfected control foxes were monitored with weekly complete blood counts and biweekly serum chemistry profiles, hypersensitivity tests, and evaluation of skin biopsies. after 7 wk, the foxes were treated and held free of infection for 2 mo. six foxes, three previou ... | 1998 | 9706571 |
| mycobacterium bovis in coyotes from michigan. | during a survey for tuberculosis in wild carnivores and omnivores, mycobacterium bovis was cultured from pooled lymph nodes of three adult female coyotes (canis latrans) harvested by hunters in michigan (usa). no gross or histologic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in these animals. one coyote was taken from montmorency county and two coyotes from alcona county located in the north-eastern portion of michigan's lower peninsula where free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginia ... | 1998 | 9706576 |
| effects of cabergoline on reproduction in three families of australian marsupials. | the effects of the prolactin inhibiting drug, cabergoline, on pregnant and lactating marsupials were investigated in four species from three diverse families: the tammar wallaby, macropus eugenii, the quokka, setonix brachyurus, the brushtail possum, trichosurus vulpecula, and the fat-tailed dunnart, sminthopsis crassicaudata. in tammar wallabies, 20 micrograms cabergoline kg-1 injected intramuscularly 1 day before expected birth did not alter the timing of parturition but neonates died within a ... | 1998 | 9713388 |
| canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) detected in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in urban melbourne. | canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) was detected by antigen elisa in 8 (6.4%) of 125 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) captured in the melbourne (australia) metropolitan area. circulating microfilariae were also detected by whole blood filtration in six of these foxes. cursory sampling of mosquitos at two of the sites where positive foxes were captured revealed the existence of two known mosquito vectors of dirofilaria. the existence of widespread fox populations in melbourne, together with known mos ... | 1998 | 9735919 |
| [epizootiologic situation of rabies in 1997. urbanization of sylvatic rabies in yugoslavia]. | the federal republic of yugoslavia is situated on the border of a great sylvatic rabies epizootics occurring in central and eastern europe. that is the reason why a relatively small number of rabid animals have been registered. in 1997, 124 rabid animals, mainly red foxes, were identified. in recent years red fox rabies epizootics in yugoslavia has annually spread 15-20 km to the south. rabies in domestic animals, especially dogs, was characterized with furious clinical forms and dog-to-dog tran ... | 1998 | 9769653 |
| survey on viral pathogens in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in germany with emphasis on parvoviruses and analysis of a dna sequence from a red fox parvovirus. | the seroprevalence of canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) and canine herpesvirus (chv) infections in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) was determined in fox sera collected between 1991 and 1995. a total of 500 sera were selected and the seroprevalences were estimated to be 13% (65 of 500 sera) for cpv, 4.4% (17 of 383 sera) for cdv, 35% (17 of 485 sera) for cav, and 0.4% (2 of 485 sera) for chv, respectively. no statistically significant differences were observ ... | 1998 | 9825797 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of two protocols of antirabies bait distribution for foxes (vulpes vulpes). | in a plateau and hill region of france (the doubs), two protocols of rabies vaccine bait distribution targeted at foxes were compared: helicopter distribution of vaccine baits alone (control zone) and a combined aerial distribution by helicopter with an additional deposit of vaccine baits at fox den entrances by foot (test zone). in the test zone covering an area of 436 km2, baits were distributed by helicopter at a rate of 13.4 baits/km2. additionally, an average of 11.4 vaccine baits at the en ... | 1998 | 9851010 |
| studies of synaptonemal complexes in farm mammals--a review. | for the last 10 years extensive studies of synaptonemal complexes in farm mammals were carried out. in this article a survey of the obtained results is presented. studies on synaptic behavior of chromosomes at pachytene substage of meiotic prophase i in carriers of centric fusions (cattle, sheep, goat, pig, and blue fox) showed that the trivalent is rarely involved in an association with the sex bivalent. in carriers of reciprocal translocations (pig and cattle) a wide range of synaptic configur ... | 1998 | 9864858 |
| molecular and pharmacological characterization of dominant black coat color in sheep. | dominant black coat color in sheep is predicted to be caused by an allele ed at the extension locus. recent studies have shown that this gene encodes the melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor (mc1-r). in mouse and fox, naturally occurring mutations in the coding region of mc1-r produce a constitutively activated receptor that switches the synthesis from phaeomelanin to eumelanin within the melanocyte, explaining the black coat color observed phenotypically. in the sheep, we have identified a m ... | 1999 | 9892731 |
| liver fluke (opisthorchiidae) findings in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the eastern part of the federal state brandenburg, germany--a contribution to the epidemiology of opisthorchiidosis. | parasitological examination of 677 livers from red foxes shot in connection with a rabies control programme were carried out in the eastern districts of the federal state brandenburg/germany in 1996. of the foxes, 32.5% were positive for opisthorchiid flukes. metorchis bilis, the most frequently occurring fluke was found in 28.1% of foxes with numbers between 1 and 185. opisthorchis felineus was found in 6.7% of fox livers. a maximum of 169 specimens was removed from one animal. pseudamphistomum ... | 1999 | 9934964 |
| serological evidence of infection with ehrlichia spp. in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in switzerland. | serum samples from 1,550 red foxes in switzerland were tested for antibodies to the agents of canine granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiosis by an indirect immunofluorescent technique. forty-four (2.8%) of the samples were positive for ehrlichia phagocytophila, which is an antigen marker for granulocytic ehrlichiosis. in contrast, none of the samples had antibodies specific to ehrlichia canis, the agent of monocytic ehrlichiosis. | 1999 | 10074544 |
| [pseudo-scabies transmitted by red fox]. | pseudoscabies, i.e. infestation of human skin with animal mites may occasionally occur and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pruritic and papular skin disease. we report here on a 52-year-old woman with pseudoscabies or canine scabies (sarcoptes scabiei var. canis), transmitted by indirect contact with a red fox in the urban area of berlin. red foxes may live in unhabited areas of metropolitan large cities, i.e. in garages, car wrecks and cellars. full remission of the prolon ... | 1999 | 10097956 |
| nitroaromatic munition compounds: environmental effects and screening values. | available data on the occurrence, transport, transformation, and toxicity of eight nitroaromatic munition compounds and their degradation products, tnt, tnb, dnb, dna, 2-adnt, rdx, hmx, and tetryl were used to identify potential fate in the environment and to calculate screening benchmarks or safe environmental levels for aquatic and terrestrial organisms. results of monitoring studies revealed that some of these compounds persist at sites where they were produced or processed. most of the compo ... | 1999 | 10218448 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in naturally exposed wild coyotes, red foxes, and gray foxes and serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in red foxes fed t. gondii oocysts and tissue cysts. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in sera from 222 coyotes (canis latrans), 283 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), and 97 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from indiana, kentucky, michigan, and ohio during 1990-1993. sera were examined in 1:25, 1:100, and 1:500 dilutions by the modified direct agglutination test (mat) with formalinized whole tachyzoites plus mercaptoethanol. antibodies were found in 131 (59.0%) of 222 coyotes, 243 (85.9%) of 283 red foxes, and 73 (75.3%) of 97 gray fox ... | 1999 | 10219302 |
| adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland in a red fox from austria. | a mammary gland adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in an adult red fox (vulpes vulpes) which was shot in austria in august 1995. metastases were found in the kidneys and liver. this is the first reported case of an adenocarcinoma in a fox, and lack of mammary gland carcinoma in this species may be age related. | 1999 | 10231770 |
| thyroid c-cell carcinoma with amyloid in a red fox (vulpes vulpes schrenchki). | an amyloid-producing medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) in a red fox (vulpes vulpes schrenchki) bred in a zoo was examined using histopathologic and immunohistochemical techniques. the neoplastic cells had an ill-defined cytoplasmic membrane and abundant, finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, containing numerous argyrophilic granules. the neoplastic tissues were divided into various sizes by a vascular connective stroma, which was partly fibrovascular with broad areas of hyalinization containin ... | 1999 | 10421103 |
| transmission trials, its2-pcr and rapd-pcr show identity of toxocara canis isolates from red fox and dog. | toxocara canis isolates from dog and from red fox were compared in transmission trials and with molecular analysis using rapd-pcr technique and comparison of the its2 sequence. after oral infection of bitches with 20,000 embryonated t. canis eggs of vulpine and canine origin, the vertical transmission to pup's was examined. all animals of both groups developed typical clinical symptoms of toxocarosis. the haematological, serological, parasitological and post mortem results showed no differences ... | 1999 | 10435795 |
| costs and benefits of rabies control in wildlife in france. | the author presents an evaluation of the cost of wildlife rabies in france. this study included the vaccination of domestic animals, the reinforcement of epidemiological surveillance networks and the support provided to diagnostic laboratories, the expenses associated with outbreaks of rabies (animal losses and associated economic losses), the clinical observation of those animals which had bitten humans and the preventive vaccination and post-exposure treatment of humans. a substantial percenta ... | 1999 | 10472684 |
| [the electron microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complexes in male hybrids]. | cytogenetic studies of sterile male f1 hybrids may be helpful for the understanding of genetic bases of haldane's rule. the main purpose of this review is to provide several explanations for various meiotic abnormalities associated with impaired fertility. results of cytogenetic studies of gametogenesis in vertebrates (mainly mammals) performed using electron microscopy lead to the conclusion that abnormal morphology of synaptonemal complexes is one of the main factors underlying sterility of hy ... | 1999 | 10519128 |
| ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi from mammals at cape hatteras, nc and assateague island, md and va. | results of a survey for ixodid ticks and/or serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi from 14 species of small to large mammals from eastern coastal areas of the united states are presented. most samples were obtained from july 1987 through june 1989 (excluding december-march) at 3 locales: assateague is. national seashore, worcester co., md., and accomack co., va. (approximately 38 degrees 05' n 75 degrees 10' w), and cape hatteras national seashore, dare co., nc (approximately 35 degrees 30' n ... | 1999 | 10534951 |
| parasitological survey on wild carnivora in north-western tohoku, japan. | in the winter of 1997-1998, we collected parasitological data from 60 wild carnivora in the north-western part of tohoku region, japan. these included 7 foxes (vulpes vulpes japonica), 20 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), 29 martens (martes melampus melampus), 3 weasels (two mustela sibirica itatsi and one m. nivalis namiyei), and one japanese badger (meles meles anakuma). roundworms (toxocara canis in foxes and toxocara tanuki in raccoon dogs), hookworms (ancylostoma kusimaens ... | 1999 | 10535507 |
| prevalence of intestinal helminths of dogs and foxes from jordan. | necropsy of 340 stray and semi-stray dogs (canis familiaris) and nine red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from jordan revealed that 239 dogs (70.3%) and all foxes were infected with at least one intestinal helminth species. no trematodes were found in the intestine of these hosts. the overall infection rates with cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalans in dogs were 66.8%, 4.4% and 2.9%, respectively. the following cestodes were identified: echinococcus granulosus (9.4%), taenia pisiformis (11.8%), t. hyd ... | 1999 | 10540955 |
| water vole (arvicola terrestris scherman) density as risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis. | concern is growing in europe about alveolar echinococcosis (ae) with the increase in grassland rodent and red fox populations, intermediate and definitive hosts for echinococcus multilocularis, respectively. the objective of this study was to assess the influence of rodent densities on human ae distribution. spatial poisson regression analyses were performed with geomorphologic features, landscape composition, climatic characteristics, and water vole density as independent variables. the outcome ... | 1999 | 10548289 |
| susceptibility of red and gray foxes to infection by ehrlichia chaffeensis. | red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were evaluated for their susceptibility to experimental infection with ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. two red foxes and three gray foxes were inoculated intravenously with e. chaffeensis (15b-wtd-ga strain) and were monitored at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post inoculation (dpi) for evidence of infection using an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, light microscopy, polymerase ... | 1999 | 10574528 |
| a complete comparative chromosome map for the dog, red fox, and human and its integration with canine genetic maps. | cross-species reciprocal chromosome painting was used to delineate homologous chromosomal segments between domestic dog, red fox, and human. whole sets of chromosome-specific painting probes for the red fox and dog were made by pcr amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes from established cell cultures. based on their hybridization patterns, a complete comparative chromosome map of the three species has been built. thirty-nine of the 44 synteny groups from the published radiation hybrid map and ... | 1999 | 10610712 |
| helminth fauna of carnivores distributed in north-western tohoku, japan, with special reference to mesocestoides paucitesticulus and brachylaima tokudai. | in the winter of 1998-1999, we collected parasitological data from 54 wild carnivores in the north-western part of tohoku region, japan. these consisted of 38 martens (martes melampus melampus), 14 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) and 2 foxes (vulpes vulpes japonica). collected helminth parasites were 11 nematode, 10 trematode, 3 cestode, and a single acanthocephalan species, including 5 hitherto unknown species for this research area or the mainland of japan (honshu). mesocest ... | 1999 | 10651058 |
| investigation of skin samples from red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in eastern brandenburg (germany) for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi s. l. | during earlier investigations a high prevalence of borrelia (b.) burgdorferi s. l. in unfed ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks in the federal state of brandenburg has been demonstrated. in the present study skin samples were obtained from 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the districts where the highest b. burgdorferi prevalences had previously been found (i.e. uckermark, barnim, märkisch-oderland, oder-spree). bsk- and mkp-medium including inhibitory substances were used for cultivation of spirochaetes ... | 1999 | 10652725 |
| failure to identify alveolar echinococcosis in trappers from south dakota in spite of high prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild canids. | echinococcus multilocularis causes a rare but potentially lethal zoonotic disease in humans. this tapeworm has been known to be endemic in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) within the northern united states since the 1960s. one purpose of this study was to provide recent data on the prevalence of e. multilocularis in foxes and coyotes from eastern south dakota. in a survey conducted from 1987 to 1991 and involving 137 foxes and 9 coyotes from this area, 74.5% of the foxes and 4 o ... | 2000 | 10701567 |
| detection of echinococcus granulosus coproantigens in australian canids with natural or experimental infection. | coproparasitological and purging methods for diagnosing canids infected with the intestinal helminth echinococcus granulosus, an important zoonotic parasite, are unreliable. detection of coproantigens in feces of infected dogs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is suitable for detecting patent and prepatent infections with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. in the present study, natural and experimental infections in domestic and wild australian canids were investigated usin ... | 2000 | 10701577 |
| screening for infection of trichinella in red fox (vulpes vulpes) in denmark. | a total of 6141 foxes (vulpes vulpes) were examined for infection with trichinella. the foxes were killed in denmark during the hunting season 1995-1996 and 1997-1998; 3133 and 3008, respectively. foxes included in the investigation came from throughout the country with the exception of the island of bornholm. the right foreleg from each fox was submitted for investigation. the legs were stored at -20 degrees c for 3-10 months prior to examination. following thawing, muscle tissue (10 g) from ea ... | 2000 | 10714460 |
| two taenia species found in japan, with new distribution record of taenia polyacantha leuckart, 1856 (cestoda: taeniidae). | in an epidemiological survey for echinococcus multilocularis in rodents and insectivores from the northernmost part of the central mainland of japan (honshu), two taeniid species, taenia crassiceps and taenia polyacantha, were found in microtus montebelli and apodemus argenteus, respectively. the latter is the first record of distribution in japan, and the former is the second after its first recovery from the central part of japan. although we have found neither larval nor strobilar stage of e. ... | 2000 | 10725694 |
| high prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in urban red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and voles (arvicola terrestris) in the city of zürich, switzerland. | over a period of 26 months from january 1996 to february 1998, 388 foxes from the city of zürich, switzerland, were examined for intestinal infections with echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths. the prevalence of e. multilocularis in foxes sampled during winter increased significantly from 47% in the urban to 67% in the adjacent recreational area, whereas prevalence rates of other helminths were similar in both areas. seasonal differences in the prevalence of e. multilocularis were onl ... | 2000 | 10726275 |
| [epidemiology of alveolar hydatid disease (ahd) and estimation of infected period of ahd in rebun island, hokkaido]. | an epidemiological study was performed of endemic alveolar hydatid disease (ahd, multilocular echinococcosis), rebun island, hokkaido and the period of ahd infection of patients was estimated. death certificates of the residents of the island were analyzed, and 74 deaths (43 males and 31 females) by ahd were found out of the 3,126 deaths that occurred during the period from 1948 to 1990. the red fox population of the island was estimated on the basis of past researchs. the deaths due to ahd dist ... | 2000 | 10734729 |
| influence of a natural stressor (predator odor) on locomotor activity in the meadow vole (microtus pennsylvanicus): modulation by sex, reproductive condition and gonadal hormones. | sex differences in a variety of non-reproductive behaviors have been indicated to occur in seasonally breeding polygynous promiscuous rodents such as the meadow vole, microtus pennsylvanicus. the present study was designed to assess the effects of reproductive and hormonal status on the locomotor responses of meadow voles following brief exposure to the odors of a natural predator, the red fox (vulpes vulpes). adult male and female meadow voles, which are seasonal photoperiodically-induced breed ... | 2000 | 10737697 |
| chromosome identification and assignment of dna clones in the dog using a red fox and dog comparative map. | we have developed a novel method for identifying dog chromosomes and unambiguously mapping specific clones onto canine chromosomes. this method uses a previously established red fox/dog comparative chromosome map to guide the fish mapping of cloned canine dna. mixing metaphase preparations of the red fox and dog enabled a single hybridization to be performed on both species. we used this approach to map the chromosomal locations of twenty-six canine cosmids. each cosmid contains highly polymorph ... | 2000 | 10780697 |
| invading parasites cause a structural shift in red fox dynamics. | the influence of parasites on host life histories and populations is pronounced. among several diseases affecting animal populations throughout the world, sarcoptic mange has influenced many carnivore populations dramatically and during the latest epizootic in fennoscandia reduced the abundance of red fox by over 70%. while the numerical responses of red fox populations, their prey and their competitors as well as clinical implications are well known, knowledge of how sarcoptic mange affects the ... | 2000 | 10819147 |
| circadian modulation of fos responses to odor of the red fox, a rodent predator, in the rat olfactory system. | we have previously shown that neuronal responses to a biologically neutral odor, cedar wood oil, in the olfactory system are greater in the subjective night compared to subjective day. in the present study, we confirm these results and extend them to a biologically relevant odor, the urine of the red fox, a rodent predator. fos induced by exposure of rats to fox urine or a neutral odor, mineral oil, was markedly enhanced during the subjective night compared to subjective day in the main olfactor ... | 2000 | 10825502 |
| a comparative chromosome map of the arctic fox, red fox and dog defined by chromosome painting and high resolution g-banding. | a complete set of paint probes, with each probe specific for a single type of dog chromosome, was generated by dop-pcr amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes. these probes have been assigned to high-resolution g-banded chromosomes of the dog and arctic fox by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. on the basis of these results we propose improved nomenclature for the g-banded karyotypes of the dog and artic fox. a comparative map between the arctic fox, red fox and dog has been established based ... | 2000 | 10841053 |
| [molecular phylogeny of canidae using mitochondrial cytochrome b dna sequences]. | 372 bp mitochondrial cytochrome b dna of blue fox, red fox, raccoon dog, and wolf were sequenced. combined with the dna fragments of dog, simien fox, and african wild dog, sequences were aligned and analyzed. there are 113 nucleotide sites substituted (30%). molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by nj method suggests that african wild dog is the earliest divergent. wolf, dog, and simien fox which belong to genus canis are combined into one branch which diverged earlier than raccoon dog, red fo ... | 2000 | 10883533 |
| diagnosis of canine echinococcosis: comparison of coproantigen detection with necropsy in stray dogs and red foxes from northern jordan. | the sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used as a diagnostic test for echinococcus granulosus infection by detecting coproantigens in 94 stray dogs canis familiaris and eight red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from northern jordan. the results were analyzed in relation to actual helminth infection as revealed by necropsy. the infection rate of dogs with e. granulosus was 13.8% with a worm load ranging between 3-> 10,000 per infected dog. in contrast, eight of 13 e. granulosus infected ... | 2000 | 10887653 |
| identification of a premature stop codon in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene (mc1r) in labrador and golden retrievers with yellow coat colour. | we have examined whether black/yellow coat colour in labrador retrievers is controlled by allelic variants at the extension locus. as the gene encoding the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (mc1r) has been shown to correspond to the extension locus in several species, we have determined the genomic mc1r sequence in labrador retrievers with black and with yellow coat colour. using primers based on the fox (vulpes vulpes) mc1r sequence we initially isolated and sequenced the innerpart of the ... | 2000 | 10895310 |
| antigen-specific systemic and reproductive tract antibodies in foxes immunized with salmonella typhimurium expressing bacterial and sperm proteins. | attenuated salmonella typhimurium strains are potential 'safe' delivery vectors of an oral immunocontraceptive vaccine for the european red fox (vulpes vulpes). in the present study, model bacterial (escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit, ltb) and fox sperm (fsp10) antigens were expressed in s. typhimurium sl3261 (delta aroa) under the control of the trc promoter. adult female foxes were given three oral immunizations with sl3261 containing either ltb (sl3261/pltb), fsp10 (sl3261/pf ... | 1999 | 10898286 |