| case report of a coyote attack in yellowstone national park. | we report the case of an unprovoked coyote attack on a human visitor to yellowstone national park. although the patient suffered only soft tissue injuries, unprovoked attacks are rarely reported in the medical literature. this case and plans on how to manage coyote attacks are discussed. | 1996 | 11990109 |
| new approaches to the development of live attenuated rabies vaccines. | in the united states, extensive reservoirs of the rabies virus exist in many diverse wild animal species, which continue to pose a serious risk of lethal infection of humans and cause an economic burden exceeding $1 billion annually. previous experience with rabies control in foxes in europe has clearly demonstrated that oral immunization with live vaccines is the only practical approach to eradicate rabies in free-ranging animals. however, unlike europe where vulpine rabies was the only major r ... | 2002 | 12031103 |
| a new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes. | research was conducted during 1996-2000 to develop baits for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to raccoons (procyon lotor) and coyotes (canis latrans). a bait was sought that: (1) was attractive to the target species, (2) could be distributed by aircraft, (3) was as effective (or more so) than the currently used fish meal polymer bait, and (4) could be produced in large numbers by automated procedures and could be purchased by user groups at substantially lower cost. ten field trials were conduc ... | 2002 | 12038136 |
| oral efficacy of an attenuated rabies virus vaccine in skunks and raccoons. | raccoons and skunks are major rabies reservoirs in north america. oral vaccination is one method to consider for disease control in these carnivores. under field conditions in the usa, only one oral rabies vaccine has been used. it is efficacious in wildlife such as raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and foxes (vulpes vulpes) but not in skunks (mephitis mephitis). the objectives of this study were to evaluate an attenuated sag-2 rabies virus vaccine for safety, immunogenicity, an ... | 2002 | 12038142 |
| species differences in normal brain cholinesterase activities of animals and birds. | the normal cholinesterase activity in brain tissue was measured in 15 mammalian and 44 avian species using the ellman method. enzyme activity exhibited considerable interspecies variability. in mammals, the enzyme activities ranged from approximately 2 to 10 micromole/min/g of wet tissue. with the exception of the carnivores (dog, fox, coyote), no consistency of the enzyme activity could be identified in related mammalian species. the range of interspecies differences associated with avian choli ... | 2002 | 12046961 |
| distribution and prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in wild predators in nebraska, kansas, and wyoming. | to further determine the distribution and prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in the central united states, 245 wild canids (125 red foxes, 120 coyotes) and 33 bobcats were collected from nebraska, kansas, and wyoming and examined for this parasite. animals examined included 11 red foxes from the western panhandle of nebraska; 5 red foxes and 30 coyotes from southern nebraska; 56 red foxes and 1 coyote from northeastern nebraska; 20 red foxes, 63 coyotes, and 13 bobcats from northern kansa ... | 2002 | 12054030 |
| isolation of prorocentrum lima (syn. exuviaella lima) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (dsp) risk assessment in the gulf of california, mexico. | a benthic toxic dinoflagellate identified as prorocentrum lima (syn. exuviaella lima), and designated as strain prl-1, was isolated from the coast of el pardito (coyote) island in baja california sur, mexico, after a fisherman poisoning incident involving consumption of liver from lutjanus colorado, and mycteroperca prionura fish. purification and culturing was done in es-si medium, under 12:12 light/dark cycle (4 x 20 w cool-white fluorescent lamps), at 22 degrees c and constant stirring during ... | 2002 | 12165314 |
| assessment of cabergoline as a reproductive inhibitor in coyotes (canis latrans). | the efficacy of three oral formulations (gelatin capsule, tablet, oil base) and five dosages (50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 microg) of cabergoline to disrupt reproduction in coyotes (canis latrans) was evaluated. the type of formulation used had no effect on plasma progesterone and prolactin concentrations or on mean litter size. no adverse side effects (for example, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea) were observed despite the use of doses of up to 20 times the therapeutic dose used for domestic dogs and ... | 2002 | 12220164 |
| safety of brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine in non-target ungulates and coyotes. | brucellosis is endemic in free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) and bison (bison bison) in the greater yellowstone area (gya; usa). it is possible that an oral brucellosis vaccine could be developed and disseminated in the gya to reduce disease transmission. should this occur, non-target species other than elk and bison may come in contact with the vaccine resulting in morbidity or mortality. to assess biosafety, bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis; n = 10), pronghorn (antilocapra americana; n = 9), mule ... | 2002 | 12238372 |
| the threatened plague. | this article discusses changes in disease patterns affecting human health that may be related to environmental and social changes in the world. the world health report reveals that 30 new diseases emerged in the past 20 years. old diseases are becoming resistant to new drugs. infectious diseases that were in decline are spreading: diphtheria, whooping cough, and measles. illnesses such as malaria, fevers, cholera, and rodent-borne viruses are becoming more frequent. diseases that are transm ... | 1997 | 12321043 |
| induced sterility for coyote control: effect of cadmium chloride on potential fertility of the male canis familiaris. | 6 mature male dogs were treated with .025 gm cadmium chloride in defibrinated pig blood for 10 consecutive days; 4 control dogs received the carrier only. semen was collected by means of an artificial vagina and digital stimulation and a microscopic examination was performed immediately to estimate percent of motile spermatozoa and motility score. histological examination of testicular tissue using a hematoxylin-eosin stain was made at the end of the experiment. the data were evaluated by anal ... | 1976 | 12334674 |
| validation for use with coyotes (canis latrans) of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dirofilaria immitis. | serological tests offer a potentially powerful tool for monitoring parasites in wildlife populations. however, such tests must be validated before using them with target wildlife populations. we evaluated in coyotes (canis latrans) the performance of a commercially available serological test used to detect canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in domestic dogs. we obtained 265 coyote carcasses and serological specimens from 54 additional coyotes from several regions of california, usa. we necro ... | 2002 | 12383624 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium bovis infection in cervids on privately owned ranches. | to determine prevalence of tuberculosis caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis in cervids on privately owned ranches in northeastern lower michigan. | 2002 | 12418527 |
| community and ecosystem level consequences of chemical cues in the plankton. | aquatic organisms produce compounds that deter consumers, alter prey behavior, suppress or kill target and nontarget species, and dramatically affect food-web structure, community composition, and the rates and pathways of biogeochemical cycles. toxins from marine and freshwater phytoplankton create health hazards for both aquatic and terrestrial species and can significantly affect human activities and the economic vitality of local communities. a reasonable case can be made that phytoplankton ... | 2002 | 12474896 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2001. | during 2001, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. more than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). the number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cat ... | 2002 | 12494966 |
| spatial analysis of yersinia pestis and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroprevalence in california coyotes (canis latrans). | zoonotic transmission of sylvatic plague caused by yersinia pestis occurs in california, usa. human infections with various bartonella species have been reported recently. coyotes (canis latrans) are ubiquitous throughout california and can become infected with both bacterial agents, making the species useful for surveillance purposes. this study examined the geographic distribution of 863 coyotes tested for y. pestis and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii serologic status to gain insight int ... | 2003 | 12507856 |
| widespread occurrence of a domestic dog mitochondrial dna haplotype in southeastern us coyotes. | sequence analysis of the mitochondrial dna control region from 112 southeastern us coyotes (canis latrans) revealed 12 individuals with a haplotype closely related to those in domestic dogs. phylogenetic analyses grouped this new haplotype in the dog/grey wolf (canis familiaris/canis lupus) clade with 98% bootstrap support. these results demonstrate that a male coyote hybridized with a female dog, and female hybrid offspring successfully integrated into the coyote population. the widespread dist ... | 2003 | 12535104 |
| assessing behavior in extinct animals: was smilodon social? | it has been suggested that saber-tooth species such as smilodon fatalis were social because partially healed skeletal injuries were found at rancho la brea, california. this conclusion assumes injured animals would die without help. this paper will rebut assertions of sociality. first, cats use metabolic reserves to heal quickly without feeding. second, dehydration is a more profound limitation than starvation as prey carcasses only provide a quarter of necessary water. injured animals must be m ... | 2003 | 12697957 |
| q fever in humans and animals in the united states. | coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of q fever, is a worldwide zoonotic pathogen. although q fever is present in the united states, little is known about its current incidence or geographic distribution in either humans or animals. published reports of national disease surveillance, individual cases, outbreak investigations, and serologic surveys were reviewed to better characterize q fever epidemiology in the united states. in national disease surveillance reports for 1948-1986, 1,396 human ... | 2002 | 12737547 |
| reconstructing the spread of dirofilaria immitis in california coyotes. | dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode parasite that is currently widely enzootic in dog and coyote (canis latrans) populations of california. weak historical evidence suggests that the initial focus of d. immitis in california occurred 3 decades ago in the sierra nevada foothills (snf) and spread to other parts of california thereafter. however, this hypothesis is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of epidemiological studies on heartworm in california before 1970. we investigated thi ... | 2003 | 12760647 |
| clinical impact of persistent bartonella bacteremia in humans and animals. | bartonella spp. are emerging vector-borne pathogens that cause persistent, often asymptomatic bacteremia in their natural hosts. as our knowledge progresses, it appears that chronic infection may actually predispose the host to mild, insidious nonspecific manifestations or induce, in selected instances, severe diseases. persistent asymptomatic bacteremia is most common in animals that serve as the main reservoir for the specific bartonella. in humans, these organisms are b. bacilliformis and b. ... | 2003 | 12860639 |
| american canine hepatozoonosis. | american canine hepatozoonosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted infection of domestic dogs caused by a recently recognized species of apicomplexan parasite, hepatozoon americanum. the known definitive host of the protozoan is the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum. presently recognized intermediate hosts include the domestic dog and the coyote, canis latrans. laboratory-reared larval or nymphal a. maculatum can be infected readily by feeding to repletion on a parasitemic intermediate host; spo ... | 2003 | 12885206 |
| rabies among infrequently reported mammalian carnivores in the united states, 1960-2000. | most cases of rabies reported annually in the united states occur among three groups of carnivores--raccoons (procyon lotor), skunks (mephitis, spilogale, and putorius), foxes (vulpes, urocyon, and alopex)--and among bats (numerous species). however, between 1960 and 2000, a total of 2,851 cases of rabies in 17 other carnivore taxa were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention, atlanta, georgia (usa), from 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico. three species of t ... | 2003 | 12910751 |
| serologic survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from two ecologically distinct areas of utah. | the influence of habitat and associated prey assemblages on the prevalence of canine diseases in coyotes (canis latrans) has received scant attention. from december 1997 through december 1999, we captured 67 coyotes in two ecologically distinct areas of utah (usa): deseret land and livestock ranch and us army dugway proving ground. these areas differ in habitat and prey base. we collected blood samples and tested for evidence of various canine diseases. prevalence of antibodies against canine pa ... | 2003 | 12910777 |
| studies on infectious diseases in wild animals in utah. v. experimental rocky mountain spotted fever in the coyote, canis latrans lestes merriam. | | 1963 | 14170550 |
| the coyote, a potential host for babesia canis and ehrlichia sp. | | 1964 | 14215497 |
| canine transmissible venereal tumour: cytogenetic origin, immunophenotype, and immunobiology. a review. | canine transmissible venereal tumour (ctvt) is the only known naturally occurring tumour that can be transplanted as an allograft across major histocompatibility (mhc) barriers within the same species, and even to other members of the canine family, such as foxes, coyotes and wolves. the progression of this tumour is unique in that, it follows a predictable growth pattern. in natural and experimental cases, the growth pattern includes progressive growth phase, static phase and regression phase, ... | 2003 | 14535580 |
| american canine hepatozoonosis. | american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is a tick-borne disease that is spreading in the southeastern and south-central united states. characterized by marked leukocytosis and periosteal bone proliferation, ach is very debilitating and often fatal. dogs acquire infection by ingesting nymphal or adult gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) that, in a previous life stage, ingested the parasite in a blood meal taken from some vertebrate intermediate host. ach is caused by the apicomplexan hepatozoon a ... | 2003 | 14557294 |
| canine heartworms in coyotes in illinois. | canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) disease affects wild canids and may be a factor impacting the health and population dynamics of coyotes (canis latrans). coyotes may serve also as a potential reservoir for transmission of these parasites to domestic dogs. we investigated 920 coyotes harvested by hunters and trappers throughout illinois (usa) from 1995-1997. the objectives of the study were to: 1) survey the regional prevalence and intensity of heartworms in coyotes in illinois, 2) determin ... | 2003 | 14567221 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2002. | during 2002, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,967 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 7.2% from the 7,436 cases in non-human animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 2001. more than 92% (7,375 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 7.4% (592) were in domestic species (compared with 93.3% in wild animals and 6.7% in domestic species in 2001). compared with cases reported in 2001, the numbers of ... | 2003 | 14690203 |
| experimental babesia gibsoni infection in coyotes (canis latrans). | four 5 mo old captive raised coyotes (canis latrans) were experimentally inoculated with approximately 1 x 10(6) babesia gibsoni organisms. parasites were detected 1 wk post-inoculation in all coyotes with maximum parasitemia of 8-11% occurring at 34 wk. parasitemias remained at or above 1% for at least 12 wk and were still detectable 20 wk post-inoculation. all experimentally infected coyotes developed pale mucous membranes, splenomegaly, and a positive heme reaction in urine while one coyote e ... | 2003 | 14733288 |
| coyotes (canis latrans) are definitive hosts of neospora caninum. | four captive-raised coyote pups consumed tissues from neospora caninum-infected calves. faeces were examined from 4 days before to 28 days after infection. one pup shed n. caninum-like oocysts, which tested positive for n. caninum and negative for hammondia heydorni using pcr tests. coyotes are the second discovered definitive host of n. caninum, after dogs. in north america, the expanding coyote ranges and population increase the probability of contact with domestic livestock. to reduce the ris ... | 2004 | 15037103 |
| molecular and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. type i isolates are considered more virulent in outbred mice and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis, whereas types ii and iii isolates are considered less virulent for mice and are found in humans and food animals. little is known of genotypes of t. gondii isolates from wild animals. in the present report, genotypes of isolates of t. gondii from wildlife in the united states are described. ... | 2004 | 15040668 |
| life-history studies on two molecular strains of mesocestoides (cestoda: mesocestoididae): identification of sylvatic hosts and infectivity of immature life stages. | life-cycle studies were conducted on 2 molecular strains of mesocestoides tapeworms that represent different evolutionary lineages (clades a and b). wild carnivores, reptiles, and rodents were examined for tapeworm infections at 2 enzootic sites: (1) san miguel island (smi), a small island off the coast of southern california and (2) hopland research and extension center (hrec), a field station in northern california. results indicate that deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and coyotes (canis la ... | 2004 | 15040675 |
| occurrence of the gulf coast tick (acari: ixodidae) on wild and domestic mammals in north-central oklahoma. | parasitic life stages of amblyomma maculatum koch were collected from domestic cattle and several species of wild mammals during a 3.5-yr study (may 1998-october 2001) in north-central oklahoma. adult ticks were the predominant life stage collected from cattle, white-tailed deer, coyotes, and raccoons, whereas only immature ticks were collected from cotton rats and white-footed mice. the prevalence of adult a. maculatum on white-tailed deer (n = 15) examined in june, july, and august 1998 was 80 ... | 2004 | 15061275 |
| from wild wolf to domestic dog: gene expression changes in the brain. | despite the relatively recent divergence time between domestic dogs (canis familiaris) and gray wolves (canis lupus), the two species show remarkable behavioral differences. since dogs and wolves are nearly identical at the level of dna sequence, we hypothesize that the two species may differ in patterns of gene expression. we compare gene expression patterns in dogs, wolves and a close relative, the coyote (canis latrans), in three parts of the brain: hypothalamus, amygdala and frontal cortex, ... | 2004 | 15249144 |
| detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in two species of wild canids, lycalopex gymnocercus and cerdocyon thous from brazil. | domestic dog (canis domesticus) and the coyote (canis latrans) are the only known definitive hosts for the protozoan neospora caninum that causes abortion in dairy cattle. in the present study, antibodies to n. caninum were sought in three species of wild canids, cerdocyon thous, lycalopex gymnocercus and dusicyon vetulus from brazil. antibodies to n. caninum were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and the neospora agglutination test (nat). n. caninum antibodies were found ... | 2004 | 15325054 |
| evaluation of a rapid single multiplex microsatellite-based assay for use in forensic genetic investigations in dogs. | to develop a set of microsatellite markers, composed of a minimal number of these markers, suitable for use in forensic genetic investigations in dogs. | 2004 | 15524334 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2003. | during 2003, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,170 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the cdc. this represents a 10% decrease from the 7,967 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2002. more than 91 (n = 6,556) were in wild animals, and 8.6% (614) were in domestic species (compared with 92.5% in wild animals and 74% in domestic species in 2002). the relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 2,635 raccoons ... | 2004 | 15643834 |
| serologic survey for canine infectious diseases among sympatric swift foxes (vulpes velox) and coyotes (canis latrans) in southeastern colorado. | swift foxes (vulpes velox) and coyotes (canis latrans) are sympatric canids distributed throughout many regions of the great plains of north america. the prevalence of canid diseases among these two species where they occur sympatrically is presently unknown. from january 1997 to january 2001, we collected blood samples from 89 swift foxes and 122 coyotes on the us army piñon canyon maneuver site, las animas county, se colorado (usa). seroprevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv) ... | 2004 | 15650093 |
| transmission of neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals. | to determine whether deer can transmit neospora caninum, brains of naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were fed to 4 dogs; 2 of these dogs shed oocysts. oocysts from 1 of the dogs were tested by polymerase chain reaction and found to be positive for n. caninum and negative for hammondia heydorni. the internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence of the new strain (designated nc-deer1) was identical to n. caninum from domestic animals, indicating that n. caninum is transmitted ... | 2004 | 15715229 |
| oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies: opportunities and challenges in prevention and control. | rabies is an acute, progressive, fatal encephalitis caused by viruses in the family rhabdoviridae, genus lyssavirus. rabies virus is the representative member of the group. warm-blooded vertebrates are susceptible to experimental infection, but major primary hosts for disease perpetuation encompass bats and mammalian carnivores. the dog is the global reservoir, and important wild carnivores include foxes, raccoons, skunks, and mongoose, among others. traditionally, reliance upon long-term, wides ... | 2004 | 15742629 |
| 'candidatus borrelia texasensis', from the american dog tick dermacentor variabilis. | txw-1, a borrelia strain isolated in march 1998 from an adult male dermacentor variabilis tick feeding on a coyote from webb county, texas, usa, was characterized by using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, rflp and sequence analysis of flab and rrs (16s rrna gene), dna-dna hybridization analysis, sds-page and western blotting with mabs. it shows different banding patterns in rflp analysis of flab and forms distinct branches in phylogenetic analysis derived from flab and rrs gen ... | 2005 | 15774644 |
| gis-facilitated spatial epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in coyotes (canis latrans) in northern and coastal california. | ixodes pacificus is the main tick vector for transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi to large vertebrates in california. the present study was undertaken in i. pacificus-infested counties in california to examine spatial and temporal relationships among a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi-exposed coyotes with vegetation type and climate. the overall a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi seroprevalences were 39.5% (n=215) and 18.9% (n=148), respectively, with no assoc ... | 2005 | 15857659 |
| molecular epizootiology of rabies associated with terrestrial carnivores in mexico. | epizootiological patterns of rabies are described, using antigenic and genetic analysis of samples obtained from infected domestic and wild mammals in 20 mexican states during 1976-2002. two independent origins are suggested for rabies in mexican carnivores. one group shares ancestry with canine rabies, while the other group appears to share a common origin with bat rabies in north america. more than 12 sublineages were found in rabid dog populations, suggesting at least six major spatio-tempora ... | 2005 | 15896399 |
| efficacy of rabies biologics against new lyssaviruses from eurasia. | new causative agents of rabies continue to emerge as shown by the recent description of four novel lyssaviruses from bats in eurasia, aravan (arav), khujand (khuv), irkut (irkv), and west caucasian bat virus (wcbv). the effect of rabies vaccination prior to exposure to these new lyssaviruses was investigated in two animal models (i.e., syrian hamsters and ferrets). the hamsters were vaccinated intramuscularly with a commercial human or veterinary vaccine or with an experimental vaccinia-rabies g ... | 2005 | 15896401 |
| status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the united states. | persistence of multiple variants of rabies virus in wild chiroptera and carnivora presents a continuing challenge to medical, veterinary and wildlife management professionals. oral rabies vaccination (orv) targeting specific carnivora species has emerged as an integral adjunct to conventional rabies control strategies to protect humans and domestic animals. orv has been applied with progress toward eliminating rabies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in western europe and southern ontario, canada. mo ... | 2005 | 15896404 |
| environmental factors associated with bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seropositivity in free-ranging coyotes from northern california. | bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii is a newly recognized pathogen of domestic dogs and humans. coyotes (canis latrans) are considered an important reservoir of this bacterium in the western united states, but its vectors are still unknown. our objective was to identify environmental factors associated with bartonella antibody prevalence in 239 coyotes from northern california, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in addition, associations were evaluated between b. v. berkhoffii and two ... | 2005 | 16011426 |
| the sylvatic cycle of neospora caninum: where do we go from here? | bovine abortions due to neospora caninum infection are a major cattle-production problem worldwide. the parasite is readily maintained in cattle populations by vertical transmission. the domestic dog excretes oocysts in its feces and, after sporulation, these oocysts are infectious to cattle. current control measures are aimed at culling infected cows and limiting the access of cattle to infective oocysts. the recent revelations that coyotes (canis latrans) can excrete n. caninum oocysts in thei ... | 2005 | 16098812 |
| characterizing noise in nonhuman vocalizations: acoustic analysis and human perception of barks by coyotes and dogs. | measuring noise as a component of mammalian vocalizations is of interest because of its potential relevance to the communicative function. however, methods for characterizing and quantifying noise are less well established than methods applicable to harmonically structured aspects of signals. using barks of coyotes and domestic dogs, we compared six acoustic measures and studied how they are related to human perception of noisiness. measures of harmonic-to-noise-ratio (hnr), percent voicing, and ... | 2005 | 16119370 |
| evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995-2003. | to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention efforts to halt 2 wildlife rabies epizootics from 1995 through 2003, including 9 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for coyotes and 8 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for gray foxes. | 2005 | 16178403 |
| experimental infection of adult and juvenile coyotes with domestic dog and wild coyote isolates of hepatozoon americanum (apicomplexa: adeleorina). | each of five adult and four juvenile coyotes (canis latrans) was exposed to an oral dose of 50 hepatozoon americanum oocysts recovered from amblyomma maculatum ticks that previously fed on either naturally infected domestic dogs (canis familiaris) or naturally infected wild coyotes. all coyotes exposed to h. americanum became infected, regardless of isolate source, and all exhibited mild to moderate clinical disease that simulated american canine hepatozoonosis in naturally infected dogs. at 100 ... | 2005 | 16244069 |
| [epidemiology of rabies virus and other lyssaviruses]. | rabies is a zoonosis that infects domestic and wild animals through close contacts with saliva from infected animals. the annual number of deaths worldwide caused by rabies is estimated approximately 55,000 by world health organization (who). there has been no indigenous rabies case in japan since 1957; however, there was only one imported case, a traveler who was bitten by a stray dog in nepal and died in 1970. dogs in asia and africa remain the main reservoir and transmitter of rabies to human ... | 2005 | 16363690 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2004. | during 2004, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,836 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings to the cdc, representing a 4.6% decrease from the 7,170 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2003. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals (compared with 91% and 9%, respectively, in 2003). relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,564 raccoons (37.5%), 1,856 skunks (27.1%), 1,361 bat ... | 2005 | 16379626 |
| protecting babies: vaccine strategies to prevent foetopathy in neospora caninum-infected cattle. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is a significant infectious abortifacient agent in cattle. despite the fact that it is a member of a well described taxonomic group, it is a relatively newly discovered parasite and its biology is not yet fully understood. cattle become infected either congenitally via transplacental transmission or post-natally by ingesting oocysts derived from the definitive host; dogs and coyotes are the only definitive hosts that have been described ... | 2006 | 16441503 |
| serologic survey of select infectious diseases in coyotes and raccoons in nebraska. | to obtain data about select zoonotic and other infectious diseases in free-ranging predators in five ecoregions in nebraska, sera were collected from 67 coyotes (canis latrans) and 63 raccoons (procyon lotor) from november 2002 through january 2003. for coyotes, antibodies were detected against canine distemper virus (cdv, 61%), francisella tularensis (32%), rickettsia rickettsi (13%), and flaviviruses (48%). none of the coyote sera had antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, brucella canis, or six ... | 2005 | 16456169 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a coyote (canis latrans) from newfoundland and labrador, canada. | tissue samples and feces were collected from a dead, adult female coyote (canis latrans) found at the side of the road in late march 2003 in the avalon peninsula region of newfoundland, canada. the coyote apparently died of vehicular-related trauma. samples of lung, brain, heart, liver, and kidney were fixed in formalin and submitted for histologic examination. the entire remaining lung and heart also were submitted for examination. the coyote was diagnosed with moderate, multifocal, granulomato ... | 2005 | 16456176 |
| a bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii typing scheme based upon 16s-23s its and pap31 sequences from dog, coyote, gray fox, and human isolates. | since the isolation of bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii from a dog with endocarditis in 1993, this organism has emerged as an important pathogen in dogs and as an emerging pathogen in people. current evidence indicates that coyotes, dogs and gray foxes potentially serve as reservoir hosts. based upon sequence differences within the 16s-23s its region and pap31 gene, we propose a classification scheme that divides b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii isolates into four distinct types. two conse ... | 2006 | 16460911 |
| the prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in some ontario mammals. | a survey of serum samples from mammals trapped in central ontario showed that many contained antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of infection as reflected by positive reactions in the sabin-feldman dye test appeared to be related to the type of diet of each species examined, and specifically, to the proportion of rodents in the diet. of the fox blood samples tested, 84% were positive. the percentage of positive samples diminished through, coyote, mink, bear, fisher skunk, raccoon, ma ... | 1976 | 16498870 |
| [bovine neosporosis: general concepts, immunity and perspectives for vaccination]. | neospora caninum causes abortions in cattle worldwide. the neospora-cycle of life is heteroxenous. dogs (canis familiaris) and coyotes (canis latrans) are the definitive hosts known at present. although, transplacental infection is an efficiently mode of transmission in cattle; there are also experimental and field data that prove horizontal transmission. several techniques are available for diagnosis since neosporosis is recognized as a disease that causes economic losses in cattle. the mechani ... | 2005 | 16502644 |
| electrophoretic protein analysis in the conditioned captive wild coyote, canis latrans. | total protein, albumin and serum protein values were determined on 19 male and 14 female captive, vaccinated, wild coyotes. male coyotes had significantly higher total protein, alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulin levels than female coyotes. captive, wild coyotes had lower values for total protein, albumin and beta globulins, and higher values for alpha 2 and gamma globulins than similar values for laboratory dogs. albumin values determined by bromcresol green were slightly higher than values derived by ... | 1976 | 16502686 |
| toxoplasmosis: a serological survey in ontario wildlife. | sera from seven species of wild animals in ontario were examined for antibody to toxoplasma gondii using the sabin-feldman dye test. of 158 sera tested, 53% of the red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 56% of the striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 78% of the coyotes (canis latrans), 33% of the black bears (ursus americanus), 18% of the short tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and none of the field voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) had antibody. antibody to t. gondii was present in sera from wild animals cap ... | 1976 | 16502687 |
| perceptual specificity in the alarm calls of gunnison's prairie dogs. | gunnison's prairie dogs have a complex alarm communication system. we show that the escape responses of prairie dogs to naturally occurring live predators differed depending upon the species of predator. we also show that playbacks of alarm calls that were elicited originally by the live predators produced the same escape responses as the live predators themselves. the escape responses fell into two qualitatively different categories: running to the burrow and diving inside for hawks and humans, ... | 2006 | 16529880 |
| neospora caninum in wildlife. | neosporosis, which is caused by the coccidian parasite neospora caninum, is recognized as a major disease of domestic animals that causes high abortion rates in cattle and fatal neurological disease in dogs. a life cycle of n. caninum in wild animals (i.e. sylvatic) has long been suspected because neosporosis has been detected in several wildlife species. recently, the transmission of n. caninum has been confirmed in coyotes and white-tailed deer. the newly confirmed wild hosts and other wild an ... | 2006 | 16616642 |
| antibodies to west nile virus in asymptomatic mammals, birds, and reptiles in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | surveillance for evidence of west nile virus (wnv) infection in taxonomically diverse vertebrates was conducted in the yucatan peninsula of mexico in 2003 and 2004. sera from 144 horses on cozumel island, quintana roo state, 415 vertebrates (257 birds, 52 mammals, and 106 reptiles) belonging to 61 species from the merida zoo, yucatan state, and 7 farmed crocodiles in ciudad del carmen, campeche state were assayed for antibodies to flaviviruses. ninety (62%) horses on cozumel island had epitope-b ... | 2006 | 16687701 |
| acoustic structures in the alarm calls of gunnison's prairie dogs. | acoustic structures of sound in gunnison's prairie dog alarm calls are described, showing how these acoustic structures may encode information about three different predator species (red-tailed hawk-buteo jamaicensis; domestic dog-canis familaris; and coyote-canis latrans). by dividing each alarm call into 25 equal-sized partitions and using resonant frequencies within each partition, commonly occurring acoustic structures were identified as components of alarm calls for the three predators. alt ... | 2006 | 16708970 |
| neosporosis in dairy cattle: an update from an epidemiological perspective. | our understanding of the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis is advancing rapidly with considerable research activity being facilitated by improving methods. the dynamics of the infection in the known definitive hosts, the dog and the coyote, are being described. improved procedures for production of oocysts enables the horizontal transmission to intermediate hosts and the subsequent more natural infection process to be studied. details of the sylvatic cycles, potentially involving other animals ... | 2006 | 16737732 |
| relaxation of selective constraint on dog mitochondrial dna following domestication. | the domestication of dogs caused a dramatic change in their way of life compared with that of their ancestor, the gray wolf. we hypothesize that this new life style changed the selective forces that acted upon the species, which in turn had an effect on the dog's genome. we sequenced the complete mitochondrial dna genome in 14 dogs, six wolves, and three coyotes. here we show that dogs have accumulated nonsynonymous changes in mitochondrial genes at a faster rate than wolves, leading to elevated ... | 2006 | 16809672 |
| possible vector dissemination by swift foxes following a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs in northwestern texas. | to determine whether swift foxes (vulpes velox) could facilitate transmission of yersinia pestis to uninfected black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) colonies by acquiring infected fleas, ectoparasite and serologic samples were collected from swift foxes living adjacent to prairie dog towns during a 2004 plague epizootic in northwestern texas, usa. a previous study (1999-2001) indicated that these swift foxes were infested almost exclusively with the flea pulex irritans. black-tailed pr ... | 2006 | 16870868 |
| carnivore-livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry. | despite the importance of carnivores in terrestrial ecosystems, many nations have implemented well-coordinated, state-funded initiatives to remove predators, largely because of conflicts with humans over livestock. although these control efforts have been successful in terms of the number of carnivores removed, their effects on the viability of the industries they seek to protect are less understood. i assessed the efficacy of long-term efforts by the u.s. government to improve the viability of ... | 2006 | 16909568 |
| patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in michigan wildlife and bovine isolates of mycobacterium bovis. | the state of michigan has recognized the presence of mycobacterium bovis in its free-ranging white-tailed deer population since 1994. this endemic infection is primarily located in a 12-county area in the northeastern lower peninsula of michigan. a statewide surveillance and eradication program of the disease has been in effect since 1994. worldwide, mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms have a known predilection toward development of antimicrobial resistance. the objective of this study ... | 2006 | 16921884 |
| relaxin as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy in the coyote (canis latrans). | the diagnosis of pregnancy in the domestic dog (canis familiaris) often employs specialized equipment, experienced staff, and the cooperation of the bitch. these procedures can be challenging when the subject is a wild canid, particularly in a field setting. in addition, reproductive hormone assays are unreliable as a diagnostic tool because the estrous profiles of pregnant and pseudopregnant canines are similar. however, research has demonstrated that the hormone relaxin can be detected in mate ... | 2007 | 17069998 |
| improved bioavailability of orally administered mifepristone from plga nanoparticles. | the objective of this study was to prepare an oral dosage formulation of mifepristone that will improve the oral bioavailability of mifepristone and sustain the release of mifepristone for at least 3 days to effectively control reproduction, especially in coyotes. nanoparticles containing mifepristone were prepared from dl-lactide/glycolide copolymers (plga). encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles was determined by hplc. in vitro release study was done in 30% isopropyl alcohol in water. i ... | 2007 | 17101249 |
| movement and resource use by a group of alouatta pigra in a forest fragment in balancán, méxico. | uncommonly observed behaviors were systematically recorded in a troop (n = 9 individuals) of black howler monkeys (alouatta pigra) inhabiting a small forest fragment (1.7 ha) in leona vicario, balancán, tabasco, mexico. between february 2002 and january 2003 (n = 499 h), we observed behaviors such as ground travel (85 occasions, total = 269 min/10.8% of total locomotion time), ground foraging (eight occasions, total = 50 min/0.84% of total feeding time) and drinking water pooled in tree holes (2 ... | 2007 | 17136475 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2005. | during 2005, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,417 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the cdc, representing a 6.2% decrease from the 6,836 cases in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings reported in 2004. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,534 raccoons (39.5%), 1,478 skunks (23%), 1,408 bats (21.9%), 376 foxes (5.9%), 269 cats (4.2%), 93 cat ... | 2006 | 17173527 |
| canine scavenging of human remains in an indoor setting. | this case study documents the nearly complete consumption of adult human remains by two domestic dogs (canis familiaris) inside a residence. while scavenging behavior has been observed for coyotes, wolves, hyenas and other canines in natural outdoor environments, little information is available concerning canine scavenging of human remains in an indoor setting. in this case, the dogs were confined with the body inside a residence for approximately 1 month. the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic f ... | 2007 | 17210237 |
| evaluation of four serological techniques to determine the seroprevalence of neospora caninum in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) on prince edward island, canada. | the objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the performance and agreement of serological assays (elisa, ifat, neospora caninum agglutination test and immunoblot) using reference sera and field sera from foxes and coyotes and (2) to estimate the n. caninum seroprevalence in foxes and coyotes on prince edward island, canada. with fox and coyote reference sera the test performance of the elisa, ifat and ib was excellent (100% sensitivity and specificity). nat showed a low sensitivity (50%). s ... | 2007 | 17223270 |
| sodium fluoroacetate poisoning. | sodium fluoroacetate was introduced as a rodenticide in the us in 1946. however, its considerable efficacy against target species is offset by comparable toxicity to other mammals and, to a lesser extent, birds and its use as a general rodenticide was therefore severely curtailed by 1990. currently, sodium fluoroacetate is licensed in the us for use against coyotes, which prey on sheep and goats, and in australia and new zealand to kill unwanted introduced species. the extreme toxicity of fluoro ... | 2006 | 17288493 |
| neospora caninum-like oocysts observed in feces of free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans). | the aim of this study was to examine the feces of free-ranging foxes and coyotes for the presence of neospora caninum oocysts. feces were collected from 271 foxes and 185 coyotes in the canadian province of prince edward island, processed by sucrose flotation, and examined by light microscopy for the presence of coccidian oocysts. in 2 fox and 2 coyote samples, oocysts morphologically and morphometrically similar to oocysts of n. caninum were observed. dna was extracted from these samples and su ... | 2006 | 17304805 |
| oral rabies vaccine (orv) bait uptake by captive striped skunks. | aerial delivery of oral rabies vaccine (orv) baits has proven effective in large-scale efforts to immunize wildlife against rabies, and in north america this strategy currently is being used to immunize foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus and vulpes vulpes), raccoons (procyon lotor), and coyotes (canis latrans). skunks are also a major reservoir and vector of rabies, but at present oral vaccines for use in skunks are not licensed. furthermore, given differences in morphology (smaller jaws) and behav ... | 2007 | 17347398 |
| locating hybrid individuals in the red wolf (canis rufus) experimental population area using a spatially targeted sampling strategy and faecal dna genotyping. | hybridization with coyotes (canis latrans) continues to threaten the recovery of endangered red wolves (canis rufus) in north carolina and requires the development of new strategies to detect and remove coyotes and hybrids. here, we combine a spatially targeted faecal collection strategy with a previously published reference genotype data filtering method and a genetic test for coyote ancestry to screen portions of the red wolf experimental population area for the presence of nonred wolf canids. ... | 2007 | 17444895 |
| mitochondrial dna analysis of the domestic dog: control region variation within and among breeds. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control regions of 125 domestic dogs (canis familiaris) encompassing 43 breeds, as well as one coyote and two wolves were sequenced and subsequently examined for sequence variation in an effort to construct a reference dog mtdna data set for forensic analysis. forty informative variable sites were identified that described 45 haplotypes, 29 of which were observed only once. substantial variation was found both within and among breeds in the mtdna derived from tissue ... | 2007 | 17456083 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern new york state. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium in wildlife in the new york city (nyc) watershed in southeastern new york state. a total of 6227 fecal samples were collected and evaluated from 5892 mammals (38 species), 263 birds (14 species), 2 reptiles (2 species), 8 amphibians (4 species), and 62 fish (15 species). cryptosporidium was detected in 30 species. of the species found positive for cryptosporidium, 16 represented new records for this parasite-alo ... | 2007 | 17466459 |
| canine bartonellosis: serological and molecular prevalence in brazil and evidence of co-infection with bartonella henselae and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. | the purpose of this study was to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of bartonella spp. infection in a sick dog population from brazil. at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu, 198 consecutive dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were sampled. antibodies to bartonella henselae and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii were detected in 2.0% (4/197) and 1.5% (3/197) of the dogs, respectively. using 16s-2 ... | 2007 | 17583666 |
| agouti sequence polymorphisms in coyotes, wolves and dogs suggest hybridization. | domestic dogs have been shown to have multiple alleles of the agouti signal peptide (asip) in exon 4 and we wished to determine the level of polymorphism in the common wild canids of canada, wolves and coyotes, in comparison. all canadian coyotes and most wolves have banded hairs. the asip coding sequence of the wolf did not vary from the domestic dog but one variant was detected in exon 4 of coyotes that did not alter the arginine at this position. two other differences were found in the sequen ... | 2007 | 17630272 |
| genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in dogs. | two alleles, to(a) and to(b), determine a genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in canine erythrocytes. the approximate gene frequencies for most dog breeds are 0.94 for to(a) and 0.06 for to(b). the gene frequencies' of the german shepherd, 0.8 for to(a) and 0.2 for to(b), differ significantly from those of other breeds. the electrophoretic tetrazolium oxidase isozyme pattern of canis latrans closely resembles the tetrazolium oxidase a pattern of canis familiaris. | 1969 | 17655049 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2006. | during 2006, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,940 cases of rabies in animals and 3 cases in humans to the cdc, representing an 8.2% increase from the 6,417 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2005. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,615 raccoons (37.7%), 1,692 bats (24.4%), 1,494 skunks (21.5%), 427 foxes (6.2%), 318 cats (4.6%), 82 cattle (1.2%), and 79 dogs (1. ... | 2007 | 17696853 |
| feasibility of using coyotes (canis latrans) as sentinels for bovine mycobacteriosis (mycobacterium bovis) infection in wild cervids in and around riding mountain national park, manitoba, canada. | elk (cervus elaphus manitobensis) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the riding mountain national park (rmnp) region of southwestern manitoba have been identified as a likely wildlife reservoir of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine mycobacteriosis in livestock. the feasibility of using coyotes (canis latrans) collected from trappers as a sentinel species was investigated. retropharyngeal, mesenteric, and colonic lymph nodes and tonsils collected at necropsy from 82 ... | 2007 | 17699081 |
| species-specific visitation and removal of baits for delivery of pharmaceuticals to feral swine. | within the domestic swine industry there is growing trepidation about the role feral swine (sus scrofa) play in the maintenance and transmission of important swine diseases. innovative disease management tools for feral swine are needed. we used field trials conducted in southern texas from february to march 2006 to compare species-specific visitation and removal rates of fish-flavored and vegetable-flavored baits with and without commercially available raccoon (procyon lotor) repellent (trial 1 ... | 2007 | 17699086 |
| presence of antibotulinum neurotoxin antibodies in selected wild canids in israel. | serum samples from 35 golden jackals (canis aureus syriacus), eight wolves (canis lupus), and four red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from various regions of israel were collected during the years 2001-04 and tested for antibodies to clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (bont) types c and d. antibodies against bont types c and d were detected in 10 (29%) and in 3 (9%) of 35 golden jackals, respectively, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. this report describes detection of anti bont antibodies in wild c ... | 2007 | 17699099 |
| evaluation of repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for discrimination of fecal escherichia coli from humans, and different domestic- and wild-animals. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of repetitive extragenic palindromic anchored polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) in differentiating fecal escherichia coli isolates of human, domestic- and wild-animal origin that might be used as a molecular tool to identify the possible source(s) of fecal pollution of source water. a total of 625 fecal e. coli isolates of human, 3 domestic- (cow, dog and horse) and 7 wild-animal (black bear, coyote, elk, marmot, mule deer, raccoon a ... | 2007 | 17704635 |
| coyote predation control by aversive conditioning. | conditioned aversions were induced in coyotes by producing lithium chloride illness in them following a meal, and the effects upon eating and attack behavior were observed. one trial with a given meat and lithium is sufficient to establish a strong aversion which inhibits eating the flesh of that prey. one or two trials with a given flesh (lamb or rabbit) specifically suppresses the attack upon the averted prey but leaves the coyote free to attack the alternative prey. a method of saving both pr ... | 1974 | 17755036 |
| tough times at la brea: tooth breakage in large carnivores of the late pleistocene. | one million to two million years ago, most of today's large, predatory mammals coexisted with larger extinct species, such as saber-toothed cats and giant running bears. comparisons of tooth fracture frequencies from modern and pleistocene carnivores imply that predator-prey dynamics and interspecific interactions must have been substantially different 36,000 to 10,000 years ago. tooth fracture frequencies of four rancho la brea species-dire wolf, coyote, saber-toothed cat, and american lion-wer ... | 1993 | 17770024 |
| social communication in canids: evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display. | the variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. it appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy. | 1977 | 17836077 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi in wild canids from south carolina. | wild canids are reservoir hosts for leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi. the present study examined the prevalence of antibodies to these zoonotic parasites in a population of wild canids from a nonagricultural setting in south carolina. sera from 26 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and 2 coyotes (canis latrans) were examined for antibodies to l. infantum and t. cruzi using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and commercially available parasite-specific immunochromatigraphic ... | 2007 | 17918387 |
| ruptured aortic aneurysm in a coyote (canis latrans) from south carolina. | a radio-collared adult female coyote (canis latrans) from south carolina was found dead with no apparent signs of trauma or struggle. necropsy revealed a ruptured aortic aneurysm within the thoracic cavity as well as severe heartworm infection, with parasites present in the caudal vena cava. histologically, inflammatory cell infiltrates were frequent in the aneurysm and consisted of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. bacteria, fungi, and parasites were not foun ... | 2007 | 17939363 |
| a means to distinguish skulls of coyotes and domestic dogs. | | 1949 | 18121322 |
| relationships between human disturbance and wildlife land use in urban habitat fragments. | habitat remnants in urbanized areas typically conserve biodiversity and serve the recreation and urban open-space needs of human populations. nevertheless, these goals can be in conflict if human activity negatively affects wildlife. hence, when considering habitat remnants as conservation refuges it is crucial to understand how human activities and land uses affect wildlife use of those and adjacent areas. we used tracking data (animal tracks and den or bed sites) on 10 animal species and infor ... | 2008 | 18254856 |
| fatal footsteps: murder of undocumented border crossers in maricopa county, arizona. | in the past 5 years, the mortality rate among undocumented workers in arizona has increased steadily. in 1998-1999, the number of deaths among border crossers was 28. that number increased dramatically in 1999-2000 to 106 and has exceeded 200 in each of the past 2 years. in the past, many immigrant deaths occurred as a result of dehydration and exposure (1). more recently, a new trend has emerged, that is, death of border crossers at the hands of the persons ("coyotes") hired to lead them across ... | 2008 | 18279237 |
| forensic utility of the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 of domestic dogs, in conjunction with breed and geographic information. | the 608-bp hypervariable region 1 (hv1) sequences from 36 local dogs were analyzed to characterize the population genetic structure of canid mitochondrial dna (mtdna). sixteen haplotypes were identified. a 417-bp segment of this sequence was compared with genbank sequences from a geographically representative sample of 201 dogs, two coyotes, and two wolves. sixty-six haplotypes were identified including 62 found only in domestic dogs. fourteen of these correspond to the 16 local haplotypes and w ... | 2008 | 18279243 |