| in situ quantification of biocide efficacy using gfp transformed aureobasidium pullulans. | to develop a real-time in situ method to quantify loss of viability of aureobasidium pullulans prafs8 cells attached to plasticized polyvinyl chloride (ppvc) with incorporated biocides, and to use the method to compare biocide efficacy in situ. | 2004 | 15546403 |
| adhesion of aureobasidium pullulans is controlled by uronic acid based polymers and pullulan. | aureobasidium pullulans is a potentially pathogenic microfungus that produces and secretes the polysaccharide pullulan and other biomacromolecules, depending on the microbe's physiological state. the role of these macromolecules in mediating adhesion and attachment were examined. interfacial forces and adhesion affinities of a. pullulans were probed for early-exponential phase (eep) and late-exponential phase (lep) cells, using atomic force microscopy (afm). biochemical assays showed that a. pul ... | 2005 | 15762685 |
| aureobasidium pullulans infection: fungemia in an infant and a review of human cases. | | 2005 | 15766608 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of polygalacturonases produced by aureobasidium pullulans. | the extracellular polygalacturonases produced by aureobasidium pullulans isolated from waters of the danube river were partially purified and characterized. the ph optima of polygalacturonases produced in the first phases of cultivation (48 h) and after 10 d as well as their optima of temperature, thermal stabilities, molecular masses, isoelectric points, action pattern and ability to cleave polymeric and oligomeric substrates were compared. polygalacturonases with a random action pattern (rando ... | 2005 | 15787251 |
| process optimization of continuous gluconic acid fermentation by isolated yeast-like strains of aureobasidium pullulans. | this study was focused on the optimization of a new fermentation process for continuous gluconic acid production by the isolated yeast-like strain aureobasidium pullulans dsm 7085 (isolate 70). operational fermentation parameters were optimized in chemostat cultures, using a defined glucose medium. different optima were found for growth and gluconic acid production for each set of operation parameters. highest productivity was recorded at ph values between 6.5 and 7.0 and temperatures between 29 ... | 2005 | 15937884 |
| purification and properties of a family-10 xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans atcc 20524 and characterization of the encoding gene. | an extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase was purified from the culture supernatant of the ascomycete aureobasidium pullulans atcc 20524 grown on xylan. the purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, which showed an apparent m (r) of 39 kda and a pi of 8.9, respectively. xylanase activity was optimal at ph 6.0 and 70 degrees c. the genomic dna and cdnas encoding this protein were cloned and sequenced. the xylana ... | 2006 | 15988573 |
| endophytic fungi associated with cacti in arizona. | 21 cactus species occurring in various localities within arizona were screened for the presence of fungal endophytes. 900 endophyte isolates belonging to 22 fungal species were isolated. cylindropuntia fulgida had the maximum endophyte species diversity, while c. ramosissima harboured the maximum number of endophyte isolates. alternaria sp., aureobasidium pullulans, and phoma spp. were isolated from several cactus species. the diversity of the endophyte assemblages was low and no host specificit ... | 2005 | 16018319 |
| heat stable antimicrobial activity of allium ascalonicum against bacteria and fungi. | to study antimicrobial activity of shallot in comparison with that of garlic and onion against 23 strains of fungi and bacteria, water extracts of garlic, shallot and onion bulbs were prepared. each extract was studied in different forms for their antimicrobial activity viz., fresh extract, dry extract and autoclaved extract. minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal lethal concentrations of these extracts were determined against all organisms by broth dilution susceptibility test. fresh extr ... | 2005 | 16121720 |
| production of l-sorbitol from l-fructose by aureobasidium pullulans lp23 isolated from soy sauce mash. | a strain lp23 that can convert l-fructose to l-sorbitol was isolated from soy sauce mash and identified as aureobasidium pullulans. the cells grown on l-arabinose were found to have relatively high l-fructose to l-sorbitol conversion potential. addition of erythritol to the reaction mixture considerably accelerated the conversion rate of l-fructose to l-sorbitol. during the conversion reaction, erythritol was added to the reaction mixture at 8-h intervals to maintain the concentration of erythri ... | 2005 | 16198270 |
| a comparative study on pb2+ accumulation between saccharomyces cerevisiae and aureobasidium pullulans by sem (scanning electron microscopy) and edx (energy dispersive x-ray) analyses. | scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analyses were carried out in a comparative investigation of pb(2+) accumulation in saccharomyces cerevisiae and aureobasidium pullulans. in s. cerevisiae, the time required to reach an equilibrium state was shortened from 100 h to 1 h as the initial pb(2+) concentration decreased from 96.5 mg/l to 16.0 mg/l, whereas the time was almost independent of initial pb(2+) concentration in a. pullulans. concomitant with the pb(2+) accumulation, th ... | 1999 | 16232436 |
| fluid viscosity of aureobasidium pullulans cultures obtained at two different initial ph values. | aureobasidium pullulans iam 5060 grown in media with initial phs of 6 and 7 differed in its production of exopolysaccharides (eps). under the latter condition, eps of a high molecular weight was produced in an especially large amount. the viscosity of the culture broths and the eps solutions obtained by removing the microbial cells exhibited a marked non-newtonian and complex behavior depending on the measurement method. the nature of the viscosity of the fluids is explained by means of several ... | 2000 | 16232739 |
| purification and characterization of an acidophilic xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum and sequence analysis of the encoding gene. | an extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase was purified from the culture supernatant of aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum (atcc 20524) grown on oat-spelt xylan. the purified enzyme showed a single band on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent m(r) of 24 kda and had an isoelectric point of 6.7. xylanase activity was optimal at ph 2.0 and 50 degrees c. the genomic dna and cdnas encoding this protein were cloned and sequenced. southern blot analysis indicated that the xylanase ... | 2001 | 16233094 |
| characteristic behavior of viscosity and viscoelasticity of aureobasidium pullulans culture fluid. | measurements of dynamic viscoelasticity and steady flow viscosity were made for culture fluids obtained by cultivation of aureobasidium pullulans iam 5060 with initial phs of 6 and 7 and for exopolysaccharide (eps) solutions obtained by removal of microbial cells. the molecular weight of eps of the ph 6 culture is about 850,000, and that of the ph 7 culture is much larger. in the present study, the complex viscosity shifted to a considerably larger value than that of the steady flow viscosity. t ... | 2002 | 16233223 |
| a modified model for non-newtonian viscosity behavior of aureobasidium pullulans culture fluid. | the culture fluid of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans and the exopolysaccharide solution obtained by removal of the microbial cells exhibit a marked shear dependence of viscosity. the viscosity in a high shear rate region was a little higher than that predicted by a non-newtonian viscosity equation derived previously on the basis of the concept of traveling force. in a sample exhibiting such high shear rate dependence, a hydrodynamic effect based on the fluid structure of the binding of contac ... | 2003 | 16233455 |
| characteristics of neutralization of acids by newly isolated fungal cells. | soil microorganisms play an important role in maintaining soil ph at levels suitable for other soil organisms. to clarify the biological neutralization mechanism in soil, we isolated soil microorganisms showing a high ability to neutralize acids and studied their characteristics. from our taxonomic study, three isolated strains were identified as filamentous fungi, namely mucor sp., aspergillus fumigatus, and aureobasidium pullulans. these strains could secrete basic materials, such as ammonia, ... | 2004 | 16233589 |
| acidophilic xylanase from aureobasidium pullulans: efficient expression and secretion in pichia pastoris and mutational analysis. | a yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum strain atcc 20524 produces an extracellular acidophilic endo-1,4-beta-xylanase with an optimum ph of 2.0 [ohta et al., j. biosci. bioeng., 92, 262-270 (2001)]. the xyni cdna encoding the precursor protein (xyni) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris under the control of the alcohol oxidase i gene promoter. the 34 amino acid prepro-signal peptide of the a. pullulans xyni directed the efficient secretion of 178 mg of ... | 2004 | 16233716 |
| theoretical correlation between viscosities at dynamic and steady flow states in aureobasidium pullulans culture fluids. | for the culture fluid and exopolysaccharide solution of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans in a previous study, the angular frequency dependence of dynamic viscosity is well superimposed on the shear rate dependence of steady flow viscosity. for various polymeric fluids, the superimposition of the dependencies of steady flow viscosity and dynamic viscosity has also been realized. in this study, it is derived that, by assuming the sinusoidal oscillating flow of a viscoelastic fluid, complex visco ... | 2004 | 16233744 |
| integration of biocontrol agents and food-grade additives for enhancing protection of stored apples from penicillium expansum. | forty-nine compounds currently used as additives in foods were tested in combination with three biocontrol agents, the yeasts rhodotorula glutinis, cryptococcus laurentii, and the yeastlike fungus aureobasidium pullulans, to increase their antagonistic activity against penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold on apples. twelve additives dramatically improved the antagonistic activity of one or more of the tested biocontrol agents. in a two-way factorial experiment with these selected ... | 2005 | 16245713 |
| use of xylanase and arabinofuranosidase for arabinose removal from unbleached kraft pulp. | preparations of arabinofuranosidase and xylanase, respectively from aureobasidium pullulans and trichoderma longibrachiatum, were used to remove selectively xylose and arabinose from kraft pulp. the equilibrium moisture content of pulps treated with both enzymes, at varying relative humidities, revealed a consistently lower percent moisture content at all humidity set points. shorter fiber lengths indicated some deterioration when pulp was exposed to high concentrations of both enzymes. | 2005 | 16247673 |
| the halophilic fungus hortaea werneckii and the halotolerant fungus aureobasidium pullulans maintain low intracellular cation concentrations in hypersaline environments. | hortaea werneckii and aureobasidium pullulans, black yeast-like fungi isolated from hypersaline waters of salterns as their natural ecological niche, have been previously defined as halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms, respectively. in the present study we assessed their growth and determined the intracellular cation concentrations of salt-adapted and non-salt-adapted cells of both species at a wide range of salinities (0 to 25% nacl and 0 to 20% nacl, respectively). although 5% nacl impr ... | 2005 | 16269687 |
| identification and possible disease mechanisms of an under-recognized fungus, aureobasidium pullulans. | investigations into the occurrence and health effects of yeast-like fungi in the outdoor air in the us have been limited. we sought to identify a respirable-sized fungus common in the pasadena air, locate a major source for the emissions and investigate its relevance to allergic disease. | 2006 | 16276113 |
| inhibitory activity of phosphates on molds isolated from foods and food processing plants. | six commercial phosphates were evaluated for inhibition of the growth of 17 molds isolated from food sources. the assays were performed at neutral and natural (without ph adjustment) ph values, and the molds were streaked on plate count agar with added phosphates. phosphate concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (wt/vol) were used, and the mic was determined. the resistance of molds to phosphates depended on the species. at a neutral ph, aspergillus ochraceus and fusarium proliferatum we ... | 2005 | 16300093 |
| characterization of microbial contamination in united states air force aviation fuel tanks. | bacteria and fungi, isolated from united states air force (usaf) aviation fuel samples, were identified by gas chromatograph fatty acid methyl ester (gc-fame) profiling and 16s or 18s rrna gene sequencing. thirty-six samples from 11 geographically separated usaf bases were collected. at each base, an above-ground storage tank, a refueling truck, and an aircraft wing tank were sampled at the lowest sample point, or sump, to investigate microbial diversity and dispersion within the fuel distributi ... | 2006 | 16328508 |
| paint deterioration as a result of the growth of aureobasidium pullulans on wood. | growth of aureobasidium was noted on both painted and unpainted wood surfaces but not on painted glass slides, indicating that the source of carbon and energy for growth was not associated with paint components but was probably supplied by the wood. several aromatic compounds related to aromatic extractives of wood were shown to support growth of this fungus. | 1976 | 16345176 |
| sugar level, fermentability, and acceptability of straw treated with different acids. | the sugar level, fermentability, and acceptability by voles of ryegrass straw treated with different acids were compared. sugar release was highest with hcl, but acceptability was best with h(3)po(4) treatment. candida utilis grew about equally well on all of the treated samples, except the one treated with 0.5 n hcl. that sample supported no growth, possibly because the level of chloride or degradation products of monomeric sugars was too high. fermentability and palatability of straw were high ... | 1978 | 16345307 |
| new method of producing protoplasts of aureobasidium pullulans. | a rapid and relatively inexpensive method for producing protoplasts of the black yeast aureobasidium pullulans is described. the procedure involves anaerobic incubation with the lytic preparation driselase. | 1980 | 16345558 |
| effects of heavy metal pollution on oak leaf microorganisms. | during the growing season, comparisons were made of the leaf surface microflora of (i) two groups of mature oak trees, one in the vicinity of a smelting complex contaminated by heavy metals and the other at a relatively uncontaminated site, and (ii) two groups of oak saplings at the uncontaminated site, one of which was sprayed with zinc, lead, and cadmium to simulate the heavy metal pollution from the smelter without the complicating effects of other pollutants. total viable counts of bacteria, ... | 1980 | 16345669 |
| inorganic sulfur oxidation by aureobasidium pullulans. | aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud isolated from the phylloplane of sycamore exposed to heavy atmospheric pollution oxidized s to s(2)o(3), s(4)o(6), and so(4) in vitro. the intermediates s(2)o(3) and s(4)o(6) were also oxidized to so(4). cell-free extracts of a. pullulans also oxidized reduced forms of s, the oxidation increasing linearly with increasing protein concentration, showing that the process is enzymatic. the possible role of fungi in s oxidation in soils is discussed. | 1981 | 16345859 |
| simplified microassay for pullulan synthesis. | a simple radiometric microassay for extracellular polysaccharide elaboration by yeast-like cells of aureobasidium pullulans was developed, based upon a procedure originally described by catley (febs lett. 20:174-176, 1972). incorporation of [c]glucose into pullulan was linear with respect to time and cell dose. the ph and temperature optima for elaboration were 5.3 and 30 degrees c, respectively. polysaccharide elaboration declined linearly with culture age. | 1982 | 16345955 |
| pullulan elaboration by aureobasidium pullulans protoplasts. | protoplasts of aureobasidium pullulans are capable of producing pullulan. biosynthesis of the polymer pullulan required induction with kinetics similar to those of whole cells. the protoplasts also produced a heteropolysaccharide component containing mannose, glucose, and galactose. the relative proportions of the pullulan and heteropolysaccharide fractions were a function of glucose concentration, with the pullulan content of the total polysaccharide rising from 20% at 2.5 mm glucose to 45% at ... | 1982 | 16346047 |
| composition of regenerated cell walls of reverting aureobasidium pullulans protoplasts. | protoplasts of aureobasidium pullulans, formed by treating normal blastospores with polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, synthesized glycans when incubated in shallow culture. the polysaccharides formed a loose, thick coating on the cells. the glycans that were formed are similar to the glycans in normal cell walls; however, they lack the branching that is normally found. this result is consistent with the findings of others who have studied the cell wall composition of reverting yeast protoplast ... | 1984 | 16346528 |
| peat hydrolysate medium optimization for pullulan production. | peat hydrolysate, a diluted acid-autoclaved extract of peat, was used as a substrate for the production of the extracellular polysaccharide pullulan by three strains of aureobasidium pullulans, 140b, 142, and 2552. it was found that the addition of (nh(4))(2)so(4) and k(2)hpo(4) as sources of nitrogen and phosphate, respectively, is not necessary for the polysaccharide production. the economically optimized culture medium for large-scale production of pullulan contains peat hydrolysate, 0.05% na ... | 1984 | 16346596 |
| pressate from peat dewatering as a substrate for bacterial growth. | this study considered the possibility of using water expressed during the drying of fuel-grade peat as a substrate for microbial growth. highly humified peat pressed for 2.5 min at 1.96 mpa produced water with a chemical oxygen demand of 690 mg/liter. several biological compounds could be produced by using the organic matter in expressed peat water as a substrate. these included polymers such as chitosan, contained in the cell wall of rhizopus arrhizus, and two extracellular polysaccharides, xan ... | 1985 | 16346834 |
| color variants of aureobasidium pullulans overproduce xylanase with extremely high specific activity. | xylanase activity from naturally occurring color variants of aureobasidium pullulans was associated with extracellular monomeric proteins of 20 to 21 kilodaltons. xylanase represented nearly half the total extracellular protein, with a yield of up to 0.3 g of xylanase per liter. the specific activity of partially purified xylanase exceeded 2,000 iu/mg. xylanase from typically pigmented strains appeared similar to that from color variants with respect to molecular weight, ph and temperature optim ... | 1986 | 16347200 |
| colonization of a submersed aquatic plant, eurasian water milfoil (myriophyllum spicatum), by fungi under controlled conditions. | a laboratory assay to assess colonization of a submersed aquatic plant, eurasian water milfoil (myriophyllum spicatum), by fungi was developed and used to evaluate the colonization potential of colletotrichum gloeosporioides, acremonium curvulum, cladosporium herbarum, aureobasidium pullulans, a paecilomyces sp., and an unidentified sterile, septate fungus. stem segments of plants were first immersed in suspensions of fungal propagules for 24 h and then washed to remove all but the tightly attac ... | 1989 | 16348013 |
| isolation of new aureobasidium strains that produce high-molecular-weight pullulan with reduced pigmentation. | new isolates of aureobasidium pullulans were obtained from plant leaf surfaces gathered in san diego county. the new fungal isolates were identified as a. pullulans on the basis of the appearance of polymorphic colonies formed on agar plates, the electrophoretic profiles of repeated genomic dna sequences, and the production of pullulan in shake flask cultures. the isolates showed different degrees of pigmentation. one of the natural isolates was nonpigmented under mock production conditions in l ... | 1992 | 16348676 |
| production, purification, and properties of a thermostable beta-glucosidase from a color variant strain of aureobasidium pullulans. | a color variant strain of aureobasidium pullulans (nrrl y-12974) produced beta-glucosidase activity when grown in liquid culture on a variety of carbon sources, such as cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, xylitol, xylan, cellulose, starch, and pullulan. an extracellular beta-glucosidase was purified 129-fold to homogeneity from the cell-free culture broth of the organism grown on corn bran. the purification protocol included ammonium sulfate treatment, cm bio-gel a ... | 1994 | 16349415 |
| fungi associated with softening of bisulfite-brined cherries. | softening of sound, calcium bisulfite-brined cherries was induced fairly quickly by brining them with cherries rotted by aspergillus niger, cytospora leucostoma, and penicillium expansum, but not with cherries rotted by a variety of other microorganisms, including alternaria sp., aspergillus oryzae, aureobasidium pullulans, botrytis cinerea, cladosporium sp., mucor racemosus, rhizopus stolonifer, and sclerotinia fructicola. rapid softening was correlated with the presence of a bisulfite-stable p ... | 1963 | 16349630 |
| semisolid fermentation of ryegrass straw. | candida utilis, aureobasidium pullulans, and trichoderma viride were grown on pretreated ryegrass straw. the pretreatment consisted of hydrolysis of straw with 0.5 n h(2)so(4) (water-substrate, 3:1) at 121 c, 100 c, and room temperature and adjustment of the hydrolysate to ph 4.5 to 5.0 with 5 n nh(4)oh. the 121 c pretreatment yielded a material containing 30% sugar and 2.3% n. the fermentation was carried on semisolid substrate (moisture level, 75%) in rotating jars for 2 to 3 days at room temp ... | 1975 | 16350045 |
| fungal contamination of bedding. | it is currently believed that most fungal exposure occurs external to the home. | 2006 | 16364170 |
| extracellular cellulase production by tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans. | cellulase production by aureobasidium pullulans from the temperate regions has remained speculative, with most studies reporting no activity at all. in the current study, tropical isolates from diverse sources were screened for cellulase production. isolates were grown on a synthetic medium containing cell walls of msasa tree (brachystegia sp.) as the sole carbon source, and their cellulolytic activities were measured using carboxymethyl cellulose and alpha-cellulose as substrates. all isolates ... | 2005 | 16391656 |
| subcutaneous mycosis produced by aureobasidium pullulans in a renal transplant recipient. | | 2006 | 16441646 |
| aureobasidium pullulans morphology: two adapted polysaccharide stains. | morphological stages of aureobasidium pullulans were investigated utilizing different media ingredients and were visualized by bright-field microscopy. a polysaccharide stain was developed to stain chlamydospores, cell walls, hyphae, and conidia, since current staining techniques do not reveal subcellular details to identify fungi, especially those that exhibit polysaccharide secretions. | 2005 | 16462864 |
| nonribosomal peptide synthesis in schizosaccharomyces pombe and the architectures of ferrichrome-type siderophore synthetases in fungi. | a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) in schizosaccharomyces pombe, which possesses an unusual structure incorporating three adenylation domains, six thiolation domains and six condensation domains, has been shown to produce the cyclohexapeptide siderophore ferrichrome. one of the adenylation domains is truncated and contains a distorted key motif. substrate-binding specificities of the remaining two domains were assigned by molecular modelling to glycine and to n-acetyl-n-hydroxy-l-ornithine ... | 2006 | 16502473 |
| valinomycin affects the morphology of candida albicans. | microbial metabolites were screened for inhibitors of hyphal growth in candida albicans. inhibitory activity was found among metabolites of a culture of an actinomycete, which had been isolated from soil. the active substance inhibited hyphal growth and induced growth as a chain of yeast cells under hyphal growth induction conditions. the active substance was purified and analyzed with 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr and mass spectra. the substance was identified as valinomycin, and commercial valinomycin inhib ... | 2005 | 16506692 |
| comparison of biomass dry weights and radial growth rates of fungal colonies on media solidified with different gelling compounds. | penicillium commune, aureobasidium pullulans, and paecilomyces farinosus were grown on two different media solidified with agar, pluronic f-127, carrageenan x-4910, or carrageenan x-4910 overlaid with cellophane. growth on carrageenan x-4910 was generally the same as that on agar, as was the visual appearance of the colonies, e.g., the pigmentation. the carrageenan x-4910 gels had a melting point, depending on the medium, of 41 to 46(deg)c, and the dry weights of the colonies were readily determ ... | 1995 | 16535179 |
| optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for alkaline protease production by the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans. | a yeast strain, aureobasidium pullulans, which could produce the high yield of protease was isolated from sediment of saltern in qingdao, china. maximum production of enzyme (623.1 u/mg protein; 7.2 u/ml) was obtained in a medium containing 2.5 g soluble starch and 2.0 g nano(3), 100ml seawater, initial ph 6.0, after fermentation at 24.5 degrees c for 30 h. the protease had the highest activity at ph 9.0 and 45 degrees c. | 2007 | 16545561 |
| selection of antagonists of postharvest apple parasites: penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea. | the objectives of this study were to constitute a collection of pathogenic agents of economic importance which cause losses of apple fruits after harvest namely botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum and to select in vivo efficient antagonistic strains able to protect fruits against both pathogens at 5 degrees c (p. expansum) and 25 degrees c (p. expansum & b. cinerea). twenty strains of p. expansum and ten strains of b. cinerea have been isolated from infected apple fruits. potential antagon ... | 2005 | 16637169 |
| aureobasidium pullulans keratitis. | corneal ulcer caused by aureobasidium pullulans is considered to be a rare entity. so far very few reports have appeared in the world literature and the authors' hospital is the first to report from nepal. although a. pullulans is regarded as a contaminant, it should be considered as a pathogen if isolated from corneal ulcer specimen with clinical signs of infection and with growth of the organism on two or more culture media or growth in one medium with consistent direct microscopy findings or ... | 2006 | 16671907 |
| on the cover. aureobasidium pullulans. | | 2006 | 16729771 |
| monitoring the formation of an aureobasidium pullulans biofilm in a bead-packed reactor via flow-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. | the biofilm-forming fungus, aureobasidium pullulans dsm 2404, was grown in a bead-packed reactor. alterations within the reactor were analysed in several cross-sectional slices by magnetic resonance imaging (mri) with flow contrast. for the first time, biofilm accumulation could be continuously elucidated without using any contrast agents, and the non-stationary flow through the fixed-bed reactor could be visualized. the results indicate that the non-stationary flow through the biofilm reactor c ... | 2006 | 16802094 |
| influence of starvation, surface attachment and biofilm growth on the biocide susceptibility of the biodeteriogenic yeast aureobasidium pullulans. | to investigate the effect of starvation, surface attachment and growth in a biofilm on the susceptibility of aureobasidium pullulans to the biocides 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (oit) and sodium hypochlorite (naocl). | 2006 | 16882139 |
| continuous gluconic acid production by the yeast-like aureobasidium pullulans in a cascading operation of two bioreactors. | the application of a new developed process for the continuous production of gluconic acid using a cascade of two bioreactors in a continuous process is shown reaching the highest concentration of gluconic acid described in the literature for continuous culture fermentation. very high gluconic acid concentrations of 272-308 g/l have been achieved under continuous cultivation of free-growing cells of aureobasidium pullulans in the first bioreactor at residence times (rt) between 19.5 and 24 h with ... | 2006 | 16906404 |
| pullulan production by tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans. | tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans previously isolated from distinct habitats in thailand were characterized for their capacities to produce the valuable polysaccharide, pullulan. a. pullulans strain nrm2, the so-called "color variant" strain, was the best producer, yielding 25.1 g pullulan l(-1) after 7 days in sucrose medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. pullulan from strain nrm2 was less pigmented than those from the other strains and was remarkably pure after a simple ethano ... | 2007 | 16909265 |
| temporal changes in microscale colonization of the phylloplane by aureobasidium pullulans. | colonization of apple leaves by the yeastlike fungus aureobasidium pullulans was followed quantitatively and spatially at a microscale level throughout two growing seasons. ten field leaves were sampled on 11 dates in 2003 and 15 dates in 2004. using an a. pullulans-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probe and epifluorescence microscopy, we enumerated total cells, swollen-cells and chlamydospores (scc), and blastospores/mm(2) on leaf features, including the midvein, other (smaller) vein ... | 2006 | 16957250 |
| multiple beta-fructofuranosidases by aureobasidium pullulans dsm2404 and their roles in fructooligosaccharide production. | at least five types of beta-fructofuranosidases (ffases i, ii, iii, iv and v) were found in the cell wall of aureobasidium pullulans dsm2404 grown in a sucrose medium. the fungus first catalyzed the transfructosylation of sucrose, and produced fructooligosaccharide (fos) and glucose in the culture. fos was then consumed together with glucose, and finally fructose was produced. in the fos-producing period, the fungus expressed ffase i as a dominant ffase. however, in the fos-degrading period, the ... | 2006 | 17052265 |
| role of microbial immigration in the colonization of apple leaves by aureobasidium pullulans. | the role of microbial immigration in the veinal colonization pattern of aureobasidium pullulans on the adaxial surface of apple leaves was investigated in two experiments at two periods (early and late seasons) in 2004 by applying green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged blastospores to the foliage of orchard trees. individual leaves were resampled by a semidestructive method immediately after inoculation (t(0)) and about 1 (t(1)), 2 (t(2)), and 3 (t(3)) weeks later. at t(0), there were no signifi ... | 2007 | 17142367 |
| interactions between yeasts, fungicides and apple fruit russeting. | the effect of inoculations with yeasts occurring on apple surfaces and fungicide treatments on the russeting of elstar apples was studied. captan, dithianon and a water treatment were implemented to study the interaction between the fungicides, the inoculated yeast species and aureobasidium pullulans, and the development of russet. all yeast inoculations aggravated russet, but rhodotorula glutinis, sporidiobolus pararoseus and a. pullulans did so to a greater extent than the other species. both ... | 2006 | 17156012 |
| antitumor and antimetastatic activity of a novel water-soluble low molecular weight beta-1, 3-d-glucan (branch beta-1,6) isolated from aureobasidium pullulans 1a1 strain black yeast. | though it has been reported that beta-glucans or protein-binding hetero-glucans isolated from mushrooms have antitumor activity, the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of purified, structurally defined polysaccharides (such as beta-glucans) have not been proven yet. a new low molecular weight (approximately 100 kda) beta-glucan was isolated from aureobasidium pullulans black yeast, and was found to have low viscosity and to be water-soluble. the industrial production of this p-glucan was achie ... | 2006 | 17201124 |
| production, formulation and antagonistic activity of the biocontrol like-yeast aureobasidium pullulans against penicillium expansum. | aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud (ach 1-1) was grown in a glucose fed-batch fermentor to 106 g dry wt l(-1) in 48 h. the cells were dried in a fluidized bed dryer with a final viability of 62%. after 7 months at 4 degrees c, the viability was 28% of the initial value (= 2.3 x 10(10 )c.f.u. g(-1) dry matter). a protection level of 89% was achieved with the biomass preparation at 1 x 10(8 )c.f.u. ml(-1) after 28 and 7 days for apples stored respectively at 5 and 25 degrees c against penici ... | 2007 | 17216301 |
| a simple enzymatic synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl beta-1,4-d-xylobioside, a chromogenic substrate for assay and differentiation of endoxylanases. | a simple procedure has been elaborated for preparation of 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranosyl-1,4-beta-d-xylopyranoside (npx(2)), a chromogenic substrate of some endo-beta-1,4-xylanases. the procedure is based on a self-transfer reaction from 4-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside catalyzed by an aureobasidium pullulans and aspergillus niger beta-xylosidases. both enzymes catalyzed only the formation of 4-nitrophenyl glycosides of beta-1,4-xylobiose with a small admixture of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside ... | 2007 | 17223215 |
| salt stress and plasma-membrane fluidity in selected extremophilic yeasts and yeast-like fungi. | we have investigated changes in plasma-membrane fluidity in relation to nacl concentrations in yeasts and yeast-like fungi that were isolated from either subglacial ice or hypersaline waters. in both of these natural environments, these organisms are exposed to low water activity, due to either high nacl concentrations or low temperatures. our data indicate that the fluidity of the plasma membrane can be used as an indicator of fitness for survival in extreme environments. fungi that can survive ... | 2007 | 17298474 |
| association between sensitization to aureobasidium pullulans (pullularia sp) and severity of asthma. | recent data indicate that fungi may contribute to increased severity of asthma. | 2007 | 17304882 |
| purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans for bioactive peptide production from different sources. | the extracellular alkaline protease in the supernatant of cell culture of the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans 10 was purified to homogeneity with a 2.1-fold increase in specific protease activity as compared to that in the supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography (sephadex g-75), and anion-exchange chromatography (deae sepharose fast flow). according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis data, the molecular mass of the purified ... | 2007 | 17345116 |
| aureobasidium pullulansas a biocontrol agent of blue mold in "rocha" pear. | the blue mold of "rocha" pear caused by penicillium expansum is an important postharvest disease which is adequately controlled by application of synthetic fungicides. in recent years, strategies like biological control have been considered a desirable alternative to chemicals. several studies have demonstrated the potential of the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans for control of postharvest decay of pear. a portuguese isolate of aureobasidium pullulans was characterized and evaluated fo ... | 2006 | 17390846 |
| biocontrol of blue mold on apple fruits by aureobasidium pullulans (strain ach 1-1): in vitro and in situ evidence for the possible involvement of competition for nutrients. | aureobasidium pullulans strain ach1-1 was recently isolated for its biocontrol effectiveness against penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold on harvested apples. in the present study, strain ach1-1 was found to be very effective in controlling p. expansum on apple wounds. for in vitro tests, strain ach1-1 and p. expansum were cocultured in the presence of apple juice (0 - 5%) using a system preventing direct contact between both agents. the presence of the antagonist greatly reduced ... | 2006 | 17390872 |
| effects of beta-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans on acute inflammation in mice. | the effects of beta-glucan isolated from aureobasidium pullulans were observed on acute xylene-induced inflammation. beta-glucan at a dose of 62.5, 125 or 250 mg/kg were administered once orally to xylene-treated mice (0.03 ml of xylene was applied on the anterior surface of the right ear to induce inflammation), and the body weight change, ear weight, histological profiles and histomorphometrical analyses of ear were conducted upon sacrifice. the xylene was topically applied 30 min after dosing ... | 2007 | 17424938 |
| esterases and putative lipases from tropical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans. | esterases and lipases have been studied in a number of fungi, though very little is known about esterases from aureobasidium pullulans especially from the african tropics. in this study, forty-two zimbabwean isolates were screened for lipase activity on tributyrin agar. extracellular esterase activities of seven selected isolates were studied under varying conditions using para-nitrophenol acetate as substrate. twenty isolates (48%) showed lipolytic activity; sixteen showed negative results for ... | 2007 | 17440916 |
| inhibitory effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-(1,3-1,6) d-glucan purified from aureobasidium pullulans gm-nh-1a1 strain on food allergic reactions in mice. | there have been a number of reports showing that the crude beta-glucan fraction prepared from various kinds of basidiomycetes mushrooms acts as anti-cancer and anti-allergic reagent through stimulation of ifn-gamma production. it has been reported, however, that the exposure of the airway to beta-(1,3) d-glucan, contained in house dust, indoor moulds and some bacteria, potentiates the airway allergic response. it seems likely that the discrepant effects on immune function may be related to such ... | 2007 | 17499199 |
| adsorption equilibrium of fructosyltransferase on a weak anion-exchange resin. | the adsorption equilibrium of a glycoprotein, fructosyltransferase from aureobasidium pullulans, on an anion-exchange resin, sepabeads fp-da activated with 0.1m naoh, was investigated. the adsorption isotherms were determined at 20 degrees c in a phosphate-citrate buffer with ph 6.0 using the static method. sodium chloride was used to adjust the ionic strength in the range from 0.0215 to 0.1215 mol dm(-3) which provided conditions varying from a weak effect of salt concentration on protein bindi ... | 2007 | 17543316 |
| dispersal, density dependence, and population dynamics of a fungal microbe on leaf surfaces. | despite the ubiquity and importance of microbes in nature, little is known about their natural population dynamics, especially for those that occupy terrestrial habitats. here we investigate the dynamics of the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans (ap) on apple leaves in an orchard. we asked three questions. (1) is variation in fungal population density among leaves caused by variation in leaf carrying capacities and strong density-dependent population growth that maintains densities near c ... | 2007 | 17601143 |
| purification and some properties of beta-fructofuranosidase i formed by aureobasidium pullulans dsm 2404. | beta-fructofuranosidase i (ffase i) formed by aureobasidium pullulans dsm 2404 was purified. the enzyme had a molecular weight of about 430 kda, was not affected by various metal ions and showed high transfructosylating activity. the yield of fructooligosaccharides production using purified ffase i was 62%. | 2007 | 17609167 |
| yeasts colonizing the leaf surfaces. | the yeasts were isolated from the leaf surfaces of ten species of trees. the study site was a forest park (zelezná studnicka) of the small carpathians mountain range. one hundred and thirty seven yeast strains belonging to 13 genera were isolated from 320 samples of leaves and needles. seventeen yeast species were isolated, but only seven occurred regularly: aureobasidium pullulans, cryptococcus laurentii, pichia anomala, metschnikowia pulcherrima, saccharomyces sp., lachancea thermotolerans, an ... | 2007 | 17645279 |
| effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-1, 3-d-glucan (branch beta-1, 6) isolated from aureobasidium pullulans 1a1 strain black yeast on restraint stress in mice. | it is well known that different stress paradigms are able to rapidly induce corticosterone production and immune function through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. it has been reported that glucocorticoids suppress natural killer (nk) activity and interleukin (il)-1 production and, on the other hand, that il-1 and il-6 stimulate the release of corticotrophin-releasing-hormone from the rat hypothalamus. moreover, it has been reported that il-12 plays a central role in the ... | 2007 | 17725857 |
| in vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin a. | aureobasidin a (aba), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by aureobasidium pullulans r106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. here we report the inhibitory effects of aba on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including penicillium digitatum, p. italicum, p. expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of ... | 2007 | 17765990 |
| pullulan-hyperproducing color variant strain of aureobasidium pullulans fb-1 newly isolated from phylloplane of ficus sp. | the studies were carried out for the isolation of efficient pullulan producing strains of aureobasidium pullulans. five strains were isolated from phylloplane of different plants. amongst these, three were producing black pigment melanin, while the remaining two produced pink pigment. these two color variant isolates of a. pullulans were designated as fb-1 and fg-1, and obtained from phylloplane of ficus benjamina and ficus glometa, respectively. the parameters employed for the identification of ... | 2008 | 17869506 |
| antiosteoporotic effect of polycan, beta-glucan from aureobasidium, in ovariectomized osteoporotic mice. | we investigated the anti-osteoporotic effects of polycan, a beta-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans, in ovariectomized mice at doses of 31.25, 62.5, and 125 mg/kg. | 2007 | 17884343 |
| immunological actions of sophy beta-glucan (beta-1,3-1,6 glucan), currently available commercially as a health food supplement. | we examined the immunological actions of sophy beta-glucan(ikewaki n., et al. united states patent 6956120 and japan patent 2004-329077), a type of beta-1,3-1,6 glucan produced by the black yeast aureobasidium pullulans (a. pullulans) strain afo-202, currently available commercially as a health food supplement, using different human in vitro experimental systems. sophy beta-glucan significantly (p<0.01) stimulated the (3)h-thymidine incorporation rates (marker of dna synthesis) in human peripher ... | 2007 | 17895603 |
| yeasts and lactic acid bacteria microbiota from masau (ziziphus mauritiana) fruits and their fermented fruit pulp in zimbabwe. | masau are zimbabwean wild fruits, which are usually eaten raw and/ or processed into products such as porridge, traditional cakes, mahewu and jam. yeasts, yeast-like fungi, and lactic acid bacteria present on the unripe, ripe and dried fruits, and in the fermented masau fruits collected from muzarabani district in zimbabwe were isolated and identified using physiological and molecular methods. the predominant species were identified as saccharomyces cerevisiae, issatchenkia orientalis, pichia fa ... | 2007 | 17904237 |
| aureobasidium pullulans fungal keratitis following lasek. | to describe a patient who developed aureobasidium pullulans keratitis following refractive laser epithelial keratomileusis (lasek). | 2007 | 17912946 |
| characterization of a family 54 alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from aureobasidium pullulans. | a glycosyl hydrolase family 54 (gh54) alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase gene (abfa) of aureobasidium pullulans was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic dna and a 498-amino-acid open reading frame deduced from the dna sequence. modeling of the highly conserved a. pullulans abfa protein sequence on the crystal structure of aspergillus kawachii akabfb showed that the catalytic amino acid arrangement and overall structure were highly similar including the n-terminal catalytic and c-terminal ... | 2008 | 17955189 |
| production of fructooligosaccharides by crude enzyme preparations of beta-fructofuranosidase from aureobasidium pullulans. | fructooligosaccharides (fos) were produced from sucrose by using crude enzyme preparations of beta-fructofuranosidases (ffases) obtained from sucrose-cultured cells of aureobasidium pullulans dsm 2404. when the preparation mainly consisted of ffase i, that has high transfructosylating activity, the fos yield was 62%. when the reaction was carried out with additional commercial glucose isomerase (gi) at an activity ratio of ffase and gi of 1:2, the maximum fos yield reached 69%. this value was hi ... | 2008 | 17968507 |
| analysis of fungal flora in indoor dust by ribosomal dna sequence analysis, quantitative pcr, and culture. | in recent years increasing attention has been given to the potential health effects of fungal exposure in indoor environments. we used large-scale sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (its) of nuclear ribosomal dna to describe the mycoflora of two office buildings over the four seasons. dna sequencing was complemented by cultivation, ergosterol determination, and quantitative pcr analyses. sequences of 1,339 clones were clustered into 394 nonredundant fungal operational ta ... | 2008 | 17981947 |
| imaging microscopic viscosity with confocal scanning optical tweezers. | the techniques of confocal microscopy and optical tweezers have shown themselves to be powerful tools in biological and medical research. we combine these methods to develop a minimally invasive instrument that is capable of making hydrodynamic measurements more rapidly than is possible with other devices. this result leads to the possibility of making scanning images of the viscosity distribution of materials around biopolymer-producing cells. 100 x 100 images can be taken with 0.5-microm spati ... | 2002 | 18007774 |
| optimization of tannase production by aureobasidium pullulans dbs66. | tannase production by aureobasidium pullulans dbs66 was optimized. the organism produced maximum tannase in the presence of 1% tannic acid after 36 h. maximum gallic acid accumulation was observed within 36 h and tannic acid in the fermented broth was completely degraded after 42 h of growth. glucose had a stimulatory effect on tannase synthesis at 0.1% (w/v) concentration. the organism showed maximum tannase production with (nh4)2hpo4 as nitrogen source. shaking speed of 120 rpm and 50-ml broth ... | 2007 | 18050927 |
| psychrophilic yeasts in glacial environments of alpine glaciers. | the presence of psychrophilic yeasts in supra- and subglacial sediments, ice and meltwater collected from two glaciers of the italian alps (forni and sforzellina-ortles-cevedale group) was investigated. after incubation at 4 degrees c, subglacial sediments contained from 1.3 x 10(3) to 9.6 x 10(3) cfu of yeasts g(-1). the number of yeast cells in supraglacial sediments was c. 10-100-fold lower. a significant proportion of isolated yeasts exhibited one or more extracellular enzymatic activities ( ... | 2008 | 18067577 |
| strain-specific detection of two aureobasidium pullulans strains, fungal biocontrol agents of fire blight by new, developed multiplex-pcr. | the aim of this study was to develop a specific and sensitive identification method for two aureobasidium pullulans biocontrol strains, cf10 and cf40, based on a sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) derived from rapd - and multiplex-rapd pcr analysis. | 2008 | 18070035 |
| fungal diversity of norway spruce litter: effects of site conditions and premature leaf fall caused by bark beetle outbreak. | fungi play an important role in leaf litter decomposition due to their ability to break down the lignocellulose matrix, which other organisms are unable to digest. however, little is known regarding the factors affecting components of fungal diversity. here, we quantified richness of internal fungi in relation to litter nutrient and phenolic concentrations, sampling season (spring or fall), and premature leaf shedding due to low precipitation and infestation of bark beetles (mainly ips typograph ... | 2008 | 18095016 |
| simultaneous production of pullulan and biosorption of metals by aureobasidium pullulans strain ch-1 on peat hydrolysate. | it was demonstrated that during the growth of aureobasidium pullulans strain ch-1 on the acid hydrolysate of peat from the vlasina lake, the content of metals (cu, fe, zn, mn, pb, cd, ni and cr) decreased due to biosorption. the reduction in the metal content was found to be in the range (%): 38.2-62.2, 67.7-97.3, 0.02-62.05, 0.05-23.97, 0.16-4.24, 3.45-51.72, 1.18-35.82, 0.86-44.44, for cu, fe, zn, mn, pb, cd, ni and cr, respectively. during this process, the metals were accumulated in the biom ... | 2008 | 18166451 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression of the gene encoding alkaline protease in the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans 10. | the alkaline protease structural gene (alp1 gene) was isolated from both the genomic dna and cdna of aureobasidium pullulans 10 by inverse pcr and rt-pcr. an open reading frame of 1248 bp encoding a 415 amino-acid protein with calculated molecular weight of 42.9 kda was characterized. the gene contained two introns, which had 54 bp and 50 bp, respectively. the promoter of alp1 gene was located from -62 to -112 and had two ccaat boxes and one tata box. the terminator of alp1gene contained the seq ... | 2008 | 18172722 |
| yeasts and yeast-like fungi associated with tree bark: diversity and identification of yeasts producing extracellular endoxylanases. | a total of 239 yeast strains was isolated from 52 tree bark samples of the medaram and srisailam forest areas of andhra pradesh, india. based on analysis of d1/d2 domain sequence of 26s rrna gene, 114 strains were identified as ascomycetous; 107 strains were identified as basidiomycetous yeasts; and 18 strains were identified as yeast-like fungi. among the ascomycetous yeasts, 51% were identified as members of the genus pichia, and the remaining 49% included species belonging to the genera clavi ... | 2008 | 18219522 |
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to residential exposure to aureobasidium pullulans in 2 siblings. | hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) is an immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a variety of inhaled particles that may lead to acute, subacute, or chronic interstitial pneumonitis and possibly end-stage lung disease. avian antigens most commonly cause hp in children, but fungi have also been implicated. | 2007 | 18219839 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of the extracellular lipase gene from aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3 isolated from sea saltern. | the extracellular lipase structural gene was isolated from cdna of aureobasidium pullulans hn2-3 by using smart(tm) race cdna amplification kit. the gene had an open reading frame of 1245 bp long encoding a lipase. the coding region of the gene was interrupted by only one intron (55 bp). it encodes 414 amino acid residues of a protein with a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids. the protein sequence deduced from the extracellular lipase structural gene contained the lipase consensus sequenc ... | 2008 | 18340544 |
| effects of melanin on the accumulation of exopolysaccharides by aureobasidium pullulans grown on nitrate. | aureobasidium pullulans produced pullulan and melanin when grown in medium containing low nitrate levels. with high nitrate concentrations, however, this fungus produced a mixture of exopolysaccharides (eps) without melanin synthesis. at 0.78 g l(-1) n as nitrate, where no melanin synthesis occurred, maximum eps yields reached 6.92 g l(-1) and then decreased to the final yield of 2.36 g l(-1). following melanin addition (0.1 g l(-1)), yields reached 7.02 g l(-1) at 48 h and fell to a final yield ... | 2008 | 18374564 |
| childhood hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with fungal contamination of indoor hydroponics. | childhood hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) is often associated with exposure to antigens in the home environment. we describe a case of hp associated with indoor hydroponics in a 14-year-old girl. water samples from hydroponics revealed aureobasidium pullulans as the dominant fungal micro-organism (10(4)cfu/ml). the diagnosis is supported by the existence of serum precipitating antibodies against a. pullulans, lymphocytic alveolitis on bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid, a corresponding reactio ... | 2009 | 18375180 |
| chromatographic separation and kinetic properties of fructosyltransferase from aureobasidium pullulans. | efficient chromatographic separation of fructosyltransferase from aureobasidium pullulans was achieved on a preparative scale using a weak anion-exchanger sepabeads fp-da. the recovery yield was about 70% and the purification factor reached a value of 28. the molecular weight of the enzyme determined by size-exclusion chromatography was 570,000. the enzyme exhibited both hydrolytic and transferase activity when the latter was higher in the whole concentration range and completely dominating at h ... | 2008 | 18394739 |
| response surface optimization of the critical medium components for pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans fb-1. | culture conditions for pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans were optimized using response surface methodology at shake flask level without ph control. in the present investigation, a five-level with five-factor central composite rotatable design of experiments was employed to optimize the levels of five factors significantly affecting the pullulan production, biomass production, and sugar utilization in submerged cultivation. the selected factors included concentration of sucrose, ammo ... | 2009 | 18427743 |
| catheter-related septicemia due to aureobasidium pullulans. | | 2008 | 18450495 |
| culturable fungi of stored 'golden delicious' apple fruits: a one-season comparison study of organic and integrated production systems in switzerland. | the effects of organic and integrated production systems on the culturable fungal microflora of stored apple fruits from five matched pairs of certified organic and integrated 'golden delicious' farms were studied at five representative production sites in switzerland. isolated fungi were identified morphologically. colonization frequency (percentage of apples colonized), abundance (colony numbers), and diversity (taxon richness) were assessed for each orchard. the standard quality of the stored ... | 2008 | 18473135 |
| production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes from aureobasidium pulluans on solid state fermentation. | this article investigates a strain of the yeast aureobasidium pullulans for cellulase and hemicellulase production in solid state fermentation. among the substrates analyzed, the wheat bran culture presented the highest enzymatic production (1.05 u/ml endoglucanase, 1.3 u/ml beta-glucosidase, and 5.0 u/ml xylanase). avicelase activity was not detected. the optimum ph and temperature for xylanase, endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase were 5.0 and 50, 4.5 and 60, 4.0 and 75 degrees c, respectively. ... | 2007 | 18478395 |