| taxonomic position of sugarcane streak mosaic virus in the family potyviridae. | acdna library was generated from purified rna of sugarcane streak mosaic virus--andhra pradesh (scsmv-ap). two overlapping clones covering 3160 nucleotides encoding partial ci, complete 6k2, vpg-nia and nib genes were sequenced. a comparison of this sequence along with the 3' terminal 1315 nucleotides of scsmv-ap determined earlier with the other members of the family potyviridae indicated that it had only 30% identity at the amino acid level for the partial polyprotein open reading frame (orf) ... | 2002 | 12376760 |
| production of ligninolytic enzymes for dye decolorization by cocultivation of white-rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium under solid-state fermentation. | lignocellulosic wastes such as neem hull, wheat bran, and sugarcane bagasse, available in abundance, are excellent substrates for the production of ligninolytic enzymes under solid-state fermentation by white-rot fungi. a ligninolytic enzyme system with high activity showing enhanced decomposition was obtained by cocultivation of pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium on combinations of lignocellulosic waste. among the various substrate combinations examined, neem hull and wheat bra ... | 2002 | 12396115 |
| starch-based plastic polymer degradation by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on sugarcane bagasse pith: enzyme production. | in this study, starch metabolites and enzymes were determined during starch-based plastic polymer biodegradation by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, grown in sugarcane bagasse pith in tubular reactors. various metabolites, amylase, ligninase and cellulase production were measured during p. chrysosporium growth on sugarcane bagasse pith with added glucose and starch polymer. on-line respirometric analyses followed during 32 days confirmed the p. chrysosporium capability of growin ... | 2003 | 12421000 |
| tylenchida associated with different crops in sennar state (sudan). | a study was done on the taxonomy and morphology of plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchida) found in sennar state (sudan). sixty samples of different crops were collected in the sugarcane area. thirty samples originated from soil around the roots of saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) from different ratoons and thirty samples were collected from other crops (mangifera indica; citrus limon; citrus aurantifolia; citrus paradisi; citrus sinensis, phoenix dactylifera, musa sapentium; cassia italica, cap ... | 2001 | 12425088 |
| maize dwarf mosaic disease in different regions of china is caused by sugarcane mosaic virus. | sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) was detected in all 62 maize samples collected from eight maize-growing provinces in china showing dwarf mosaic symptoms by immunocapture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and johnsongrass mosaic virus (jgmv), however, were not detected in any of the samples by rt-pcr. eleven cdna fragments of approximately 0.8 kilobases covering most of the coat protein (cp) gene of scmv were seque ... | 2002 | 12491109 |
| six-month toxicity study of oral administration of d-003 in sprague dawley rats. | d-003 is a mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugarcane wax (saccharum officinarum) having cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects. | 2002 | 12516940 |
| genetic diversity in the coat protein coding region of eighty-six sugarcane mosaic virus isolates from eight countries, particularly from cameroon and congo. | fifty-eight sugarcane virus isolates were obtained from leaves showing mosaic symptoms, and collected in cameroon (26 isolates), congo (20 isolates), egypt (1 isolate), south africa (3 isolates) and the u.s.a. (8 isolates). all these isolates belonged to sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) based on the amplification product obtained by rt-pcr with scmv-specific primers. the amplicons (0.9 kb) from the coat protein (cp) coding region were cloned, sequenced and compared to each other as well as to the s ... | 2003 | 12556998 |
| [isolation, identification and phylogenetic analysis of a thermophilic cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium]. | four strains of thermophilic cellulolytic anaeobic bacteria were isolated from fresh feces, heat compost, cellulolytic mixed culture with a method based on adherence of cellulolytic bacteria to cellulose. the cells of isolates were straight or slightly curved rods that were 0.4 micron-0.6 micron x 3 microns-15 microns, gram negative, strictly anaerobic, sulfate reduction negative, spore-forming bacteria. most of the cells had oval terminal spores, while subterminal spores, middle spores, two or ... | 2002 | 12557388 |
| effect of policosanol on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in sprague-dawley rats. | policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug purified from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum, l.) wax. beneficial pleiotropic effects of policosanol, such as inhibition of the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to lipid peroxidation, have been shown. policosanol has a good safety profile and well tolerated and, to date, no drug-related adverse effects have been demonstrated. specifically, policosanol has not been shown to affect liver function or to increase liver enzyme levels in experiment ... | 2003 | 12568632 |
| development of rga-caps markers and genetic mapping of candidate genes for sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize. | three previously published resistance gene analogues (rgas), pic13, pic21 and pic19, were mapped in relation to sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) resistance genes ( scmv1, scmv2) in maize. we cloned these rgas from six inbreds including three scmv-resistant lines (d21, d32, fap1360a) and three scmv-susceptible lines (d145, d408, f7). pairwise sequence alignments among the six inbreds revealed a frequency of one single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) per 33 bp for the three rgas, indicating a high degr ... | 2002 | 12582538 |
| ests as a source for sequence polymorphism discovery in sugarcane: example of the adh genes. | expressed sequence tags (ests) have proven to be a valuable tool to discover single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in human genes but their use for this purpose is still limited in higher plants. using a database of approximately 250,000 sugarcane ests we have recovered 219 sequences encoding alcohol dehydrogenases ( adh), which tagged 178 distinct cdnas from 27 libraries, constructed from at least four different cultivars. the partitioning of these ests into paralogous genes revealed three adh g ... | 2003 | 12582843 |
| conversion of aflp fragments tightly linked to scmv resistance genes scmv1 and scmv2 into simple pcr-based markers. | in a previous study, bulked segregant analysis with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) identified several markers closely linked to the sugarcane mosaic virus resistance genes scmv1 on chromosome 6 and scmv2 on chromosome 3. six aflp markers (e33m61-2, e33m52, e38m51, e82m57, e84m59 and e93m53) were located on chromosome 3 and two markers (e33m61-1 and e35m62-1) on chromosome 6. our objective in the present study was to sequence the respective aflp bands in order to convert these do ... | 2002 | 12582898 |
| saturation of two chromosome regions conferring resistance to scmv with ssr and aflp markers by targeted bsa. | quantitative trait loci (qtls) and bulked segregant analyses (bsa) identified the major genes scmv1 on chromosome 6 and scmv2 on chromosome 3, conferring resistance against sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) in maize. both chromosome regions were further enriched for ssr and aflp markers by targeted bulked segregant analysis (tbsa) in order to identify and map only markers closely linked to either scmv1 or scmv2. for identification of markers closely linked to the target genes, symptomless individual ... | 2003 | 12589549 |
| effect of harvesting operations on fungal spore populations of air. | agricultural practices such as harvesting of crops cause the pathogens to disseminate in abundance and may cause diseases, like skin and respiratory allergies in an epidemic form. also the farm workers were likely to be exposed repeatedly to high doses of fungal spore allergens from crop harvesting operations. at srikakulam, located in north coastal andhra pradesh, india, the major crops grown include rice and sugarcane. as part of a major study on the airspora of srikakulam the effect of harves ... | 2002 | 12617320 |
| effect of d-003, a mixture of high molecular weight primary acids from sugar cane wax, on cl4c-induced liver acute injury in rats. | d-003 is a mixture of very high molecular weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum, l.) wax, in which octacosanoic acid is the most abundant component. previous experimental studies have shown that d-003 not only shows cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects, but also offers strong protection against plasma lipoprotein oxidation. acute hepatotoxicity induced by ccl4 in rats has been related to an increased rate of lipid peroxidation, and different anti ... | 2002 | 12635492 |
| pharmacological interaction between policosanol and nitroprusside in rats. | policosanol is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum l.). it has cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated in experimental models and in patients with type ii hypercholesterolemia, with positive pleiotropic properties such as inhibition of platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation. policosanol reduced thromboxane a(2) and malondialdehyde (mda) serum levels in animals and human beings. because nitric oxide (no) can be destroye ... | 2001 | 12639414 |
| trapping of phyllophaga elenans with a female-produced pheromone. | attraction of phyllophaga elenas to vaned bucket traps baited with the recently identified female-produced pheromone, l-isoleucine methyl ester (lime), is efficient. pheromone-baited vaned buckets with water to retain insects were more effective than buckets without vanes or plastic containers with the sides cut out. pheromone-baited vaned bucket traps from which water was omitted required the addition of a funnel below the vanes to retain insects. normally used light traps were about 10 times m ... | 2003 | 12647851 |
| complete sequence of the genomic rna of the prevalent strain of a potyvirus infecting maize in china. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the prevalent strain of a potyvirus isolated from maize in beijing, china was determined and compared with other closely related potyviruses. the viral genome comprises 9595 nucleotides, excluding the poly (a) tail, and encodes a putative polyprotein of 3063 amino acid residues. sequence comparison of the coat proteins showed that this isolate was most closely related to most other potyviral isolates infecting maize across china with identities of about 99% an ... | 2003 | 12664299 |
| removal of phenanthrene from soil by co-cultures of bacteria and fungi pregrown on sugarcane bagasse pith. | sixteen co-cultures composed of four bacteria and four fungi grown on sugarcane bagasse pith were tested for phenanthrene degradation in soil. the four bacteria were identified as pseudomonas aeruginose, ralstonia pickettii, pseudomonas sp. and pseudomonas cepacea. the four fungi were identified as: penicillium sp., trichoderma viride, alternaria tenuis and aspergillus terrus that were previously isolated from different hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. fungi had a statistically significant positi ... | 2003 | 12699938 |
| synergistic effect of d-003 and aspirin on experimental thrombosis models. | d-003 is a mixture of higher primary aliphatic saturated acids purified from sugarcane wax, with antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects experimentally demonstrated. octacosanoic acid is the main component of d-003, followed by triacontanoic, dotriacontanoic, and tetracontanoic acids, while other acids are minor components. this work investigates the effects of combination therapy d-003+aspirin (asa) on arachidonic acid (aa)-induced sudden death in mice and bleeding time in rats. in addition, th ... | 2003 | 12711246 |
| protease production by streptomyces sp. isolated from brazilian cerrado soil: optimization of culture medium employing statistical experimental design. | streptomyces are important microorganisms because of their capacity to produce numerous bioactive molecules. in the present work protease production, by streptomyces sp. 594 isolated from a brazilian cerrado soil, was maximized by optimizing a low-cost culture medium composition (casitone and sugarcane molasses) using statistical experimental design. the final protease activity (56 u/ml) was 2.8-fold and 58-fold higher than that obtained in the beginning of this study, and in a previous work, us ... | 2003 | 12721412 |
| effect of dose of xylanase on bleachability of sugarcane bagasse ethanol/water pulps. | pulps obtained from the ethanol/water cooking of sugarcane bagasse were bleached with the xylanase enzyme obtained from the fungus thermomyces lanuginosus ioc-4145 and with the commercial enzyme cartazyme hs from sandoz. by changing the enzyme dose from 4.3 to 36 iu/g of pulp, kappa number and viscosity were maintained when the xylanase from t. lanuginosus was used. on the other hand, by using cartazyme hs, kappa number decreased by 17%, reaching 35.5. this pulp was further extracted with naoh w ... | 2003 | 12721414 |
| conversion of sugarcane bagasse to carboxylic acids using a mixed culture of mesophilic microorganisms. | using the mixalco process, biomass can be converted into carboxylic acids, which can be chemically converted into mixed alcohol fuels. this study focused on the use of countercurrent fermentation to anaerobically convert sugarcane bagasse and chicken manure to mixed carboxylic acids using a mixed culture of mesophilic microorganisms from terrestrial and marine sources. bagasse was pretreated with lime to increase digestibility. the continuum particle distribution model (cpdm) simulated continuou ... | 2003 | 12721433 |
| alternative approach for utilization of pentose stream from sugarcane bagasse by an induced flocculent pichia stipitis. | a new approach for the utilization of hemicellulosic hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse is described. this approach consists of using the hydrolysate to dilute the conventional feedstock (sugarcane juice) to the usual sugar concentration (150 g/l) employed for the industrial production of ethanol. the resulting sugar mixture was used as the substrate to evaluate the performance of a continuous reactor incorporating a cell recycle module, operated at several dilution rates. an induced flocculent ... | 2003 | 12721434 |
| identification of genetically linked rgas by bac screening in maize and implications for gene cloning, mapping and mas. | the resistance gene analogue (rga) pic19 in maize, a candidate for sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) resistance gene (r gene) scmv1, was used to screen a maize bac library to identify homologous sequences in the maize genome and to investigate their genomic organisation. fifteen positive bac clones were identified and could be classified into five physically independent contigs consisting of overlapping clones. genetic mapping clustered three contigs into the same genomic region as scmv1 on chromoso ... | 2003 | 12748766 |
| development of recombinant coat protein antibody based ic-rt-pcr for detection and discrimination of sugarcane streak mosaic virus isolates from southern india. | sugarcane streak mosaic virus (scsmv), causes mosaic disease of sugarcane and is thought to belong to a new undescribed genus in the family potyviridae. the coat protein (cp) gene from the andhra pradesh (ap) isolate of scsmv (scsmv-ap) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant coat protein was used to raise high quality antiserum. the cp antiserum was used to develop an immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr) based assay for the detection an ... | 2003 | 12756623 |
| molecular characterization of a distinct potyvirus from whitegrass in china. | apotyvirus isolated from perennial whitegrass ( pennisetum centrasiaticum tzvel.) in north china was characterized at the molecular level. the 3' terminal nucleotide (nt) sequence of 1669 nt of the viral rna genome has been determined, which covered the coding region of the c-terminal part of the large nuclear inclusion protein (nib, rna polymerase), capsid protein (cp) gene and the 3' nontranslated region (ntr). the cp gene consisted of 909 nt (including the stop codon) encoding 302 amino acid ... | 2003 | 12756626 |
| bioassay of fluometuron for possible carcinogenicity (cas no. 2164-17-2). | fluometuron is a phenylurea herbicide used in agriculture to control broad- leaved and grass weeds in cotton and sugarcane fields. the area of heaviest use is the mississippi delta. applications of low concentrations selectively kill weeds. a bioassay of the phenylurea herbicide fluometuron for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to f344 rats and b6c3f1 mice. groups of 50 rats of each sex were fed diets containing 125 or 250 ppm of fluometuron for 10 ... | 1980 | 12778184 |
| bioassay of endrin for possible carcinogenicity (cas no. 72-20-8). | endrin is an organochlorine pesticide having a structural characteristic of the cyclodiene group, which includes aldrin (cas no. 309-00-2), dieldrin (cas no. 60-57-1), chlordane (cas no. 57-74-9), heptachlor (cas no. 76-44-8), and endosulfan (cas no. 115-29-7). it is the most acutely toxic compound in the cyclodiene group but is less persistent in the environment than ddt or dieldrin. as an insecticide, it is currently used for small grains, sugarcane, and cotton; as an avicide, for forest seed ... | 1979 | 12844154 |
| [immunological screening of toxoplasma tachyzoite cdna expression libraries with serum from infected rats]. | to screen and identify the potential candidates for the development of toxoplasmosis vaccine. | 2003 | 12884617 |
| xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate in fluidized bed reactor. effect of air flowrate. | cells of candida guilliermondii immobilized onto porous glass spheres were cultured batchwise in a fluidized bed bioreactor for xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolyzate. an aeration rate of only 25 ml/min ensured minimum yields of xylose consumption (0.60) and biomass production (0.14 g(dm)/g(xyl)), as well as maximum xylitol yield (0.54 g(xyt)/g(xyl)) and ratio of immobilized to total cells (0.83). these results suggest that cell metabolism, although slow because of o ... | 2003 | 12892483 |
| simplified modeling of fed-batch alcoholic fermentation of sugarcane blackstrap molasses. | simplified modeling based on material balances for biomass, ethanol and substrate was used to describe the kinetics of fed-batch alcohol fermentation of sugarcane blackstrap molasses. maintenance requirements were previously shown to be of particular significance in this system, owing to the use of massive inoculum to minimize inhibitions; therefore, they were taken into consideration for kinetic modeling. average values of biomass and ethanol yields, productivities, and substrate consumption ra ... | 2003 | 12910547 |
| isolation and characterisation of an invertase cdna from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). | an invertase (lpft2) cdna from perennial ryegrass was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an orf of 2016 bp encoding a protein of 671 amino acids. lpft2 is 76% identical to sugarcane soluble acid invertase, and contains invertase and fructosyltransferase functional domains. lpft2 is present as a single copy gene and maps to the distal region of lg6 in perennial ryegrass. the expression pattern analysis of lpft2 revealed transcript accumulation in seedlings and in mature ... | 2003 | 12964866 |
| the action of 2,4-d upon the azotobacter of some sugarcane soils. | | 1953 | 13066030 |
| identification of three genes encoding p(ii)-like proteins in gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus: studies of their role(s) in the control of nitrogen fixation. | in our studies on the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophytic diazotroph of sugarcane, three glnb-like genes were identified and their role(s) in the control of nitrogen fixation was studied. sequence analysis revealed that one p(ii) protein-encoding gene, glnb, was adjacent to a glna gene (encoding glutamine synthetase) and that two other p(ii) protein-encoding genes, identified as glnk1 and glnk2, were located upstream of amtb1 and amtb2, respective ... | 2003 | 13129958 |
| coliforms associated with sugarcane plants and juices. | a study of the coliforms found on sugarcane plants throughout the growing season indicated that members of the genus aerobacter comprise a part of the epiphytic microflora. when quantitative determinations were made of the coliforms by means of the most probable number technique, no completed tests were obtained on young sugarcane plants during the test period of february through may; however, paracolobactrum aerogenoides was isolated frequently. nine different imvic types of coliforms were iden ... | 1964 | 14131368 |
| ethanol production by saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in sugarcane blackstrap molasses through a fed-batch process: optimization by response surface methodology. | we studied the effect of reactor filling time (t) (3-5 h), initial mass of inoculum (m) (1000-2100 g), and exponential time decay constant for the substrate feed rate (k) (0.6-1.6 h-1) on ethanol production by saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in sugarcane blackstrap molasses through a fed-batch culture. the highest ethanol productivity (16.9 g/[l x h]) occurred at t = 3 h, k = 1.6 h-1, and m = 1300 g. in addition, productivity was affected by both m (for t = 3 and 4 h) and k (for t = 3 h) and vari ... | 2003 | 14512635 |
| fermentation of cellulosic materials to mycoprotein foods. | a new bioprocess is described in which a cellulolytic, food-grade fungus neurospora sitophila converts cellulosic materials to protein-rich products for food and fodder. the optimal conditions for the conversion are identified: 35-37 degrees c temperature, ph 5.5, 2.35 ms(-1) agitator tip speed. scale-up of the production process to 1,300 l is reported. the mycoprotein production data on several types of cellulosic materials (sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, wood cellulose) are presented. the per ... | 1993 | 14545669 |
| growth of candida utilis in solid state fermentation. | in this work, the growth of the yeast candida utilis on different solid substrate (wheat bran) and supports (sugarcane bagasse and amberlite resin) imbibed with a liquid culture medium was studied. growth was followed by sugars consumption, carbon dioxide production rate (cdpr) and cell count. the results showed the ability of the yeast to grow on the three solid media with fairly good viability and total dextrose consumption in the case of sugarcane bagasse and amberlite, and partial consumptio ... | 1993 | 14545676 |
| pyrolysis of plant, animal and human waste: physical and chemical characterization of the pyrolytic products. | pyrolysis (carbonization) has been proposed as one of several optional technologies for disposing and recycling waste products in japan. plant wastes (sugarcane bagasse and rice husks), animal waste (cow biosolids) and human waste (treated municipal sludge) were pyrolyzed at temperatures from 250-800 degrees c in closed containers. the carbonized materials were evaluated for specific physical properties (yield, surface area, density) and specific chemical properties (total carbon, total nitrogen ... | 2003 | 14575946 |
| comparative expression analysis of two sugarcane polyubiquitin promoters and flanking sequences in transgenic plants. | gus (uida) reporter gene expression for two sugarcane polyubiquitin promoters, ubi4 and ubi9, was compared to expression from the maize ubi-1 promoter in stable transgenic rice (only ubi9) and sugarcane (ubi4 and ubi9). ubi9 drove high-level gus expression, comparable to the maize ubi-1 promoter, in both callus and regenerated plants of rice transformed by agrobacterium. this high level expression was inherited in r1 plants. expression from ubi4 and ubi9 was quite high in sugarcane callus transf ... | 2003 | 14610893 |
| batch xylitol production by candida guilliermondii fti 20037 from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate at controlled ph values. | batch fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate by the yeast candida guilliermondii fti 20037 was performed using controlled ph values (3.5, 5.5, 7.5). the maximum values of xylitol volumetric productivity ( q(p)=0.76 g/l h) and xylose volumetric consumption ( q(s)=1.19 g/l h) were attained at ph 5.5. at ph 3.5 and 7.5 the q(p) value decreased by 66 and 72%, respectively. independently of the ph value, y(x/s) decreased with the increase in y(p/s) suggesting that the xylitol bi ... | 2003 | 14624353 |
| "candidatus phytoplasma oryzae", a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with rice yellow dwarf disease. | in addition to rice yellow dwarf (ryd) phytoplasma, several phytoplasmas infect gramineous plants, including rice orange leaf, bermuda grass white leaf, brachiaria grass white leaf and sugarcane white leaf phytoplasmas. to investigate whether the ryd phytoplasma is a discrete, species-level taxon, several isolates of the aforementioned phytoplasmas were analysed using pcr-amplified 16s rdna sequences. two ryd isolates, ryd-j(t) and ryd-th, were almost identical (99.2 %), but were distinct (simil ... | 2003 | 14657124 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of beauveria bassiana against sugarcane stalkborers (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in the lower rio grande valley of texas. | of approximately 18,200 ha planted to sugarcane in south texas, only approximately 80 ha (<0.5%) are treated with insecticides because this type of control is widely regarded as ineffective against stalkboring pyralids, the key pests of sugarcane. therefore, nonchemical control measures, such as resistant varieties and biological controls, must be evaluated to mitigate the losses caused by stalkborers. we performed laboratory and field evaluations on the use of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuill ... | 2000 | 14658512 |
| expression and characterization of the celcflb gene from cellulomonas flavigena encoding an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase. | an endoglucanase gene called celcflb was isolated from a genomic library of c. flavigena. its nucleotide sequence showed an orf of 1725 bp with a gtg start codon. a promoter sequence was found inside the adjacent gene upstream from the start point of translation of celcflb gene. the gene celcflb was induced by sugarcane bagasse and repressed by glucose when c. flavigena was grown on these carbon sources, suggesting that celcflb gene is regulated at transcriptional level. the predicted amino acid ... | 2003 | 14669909 |
| tropical agricultural residues and their potential uses in fish feeds: the costa rican situation. | in costa rica as many other tropical countries, the disposal problem of agricultural wastes is widely recognized but efforts to find solutions are not equal for different sectors. this study describes the situation of major agricultural residues in costa rica, identifying the activities with higher amounts produced and, the potential use of these residues in fish feeds. in costa rica, during the 1993-1994 production season, major agricultural sectors (crop and livestock) generated a total amount ... | 2004 | 14672728 |
| distribution of aflatoxin-producing aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus in sugarcane fields in the southernmost islands of japan. | the distribution of aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus in sugarcane field soils and on harvested sugarcane stems was studied on seven islands of okinawa and kagoshima prefectures, the southernmost prefectures in japan. with the use of a combination of dilution plate and plant debris plate techniques, the fungi were detected on all seven islands studied and in 74% of 53 soil samples. the fungi were also found on the cut surfaces of sugarcane stems from one of the islands. a. parasitic ... | 2004 | 14717357 |
| population dynamics of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in sugarcane cultivars and its effect on plant growth. | different experiments have estimated that the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (bnf) is largely variable among sugarcane cultivars. which bacteria are the most important in sugarcane-associated bnf is unknown. however, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been suggested as a strong candidate responsible for the bnf observed. in the present study, bacteria-free micropropagated plantlets of five sugarcane cultivars were inoculated with three g. diazotrophicus strains belonging to diffe ... | 2003 | 14722690 |
| a review of the emergence of plasmodium falciparum-dominated malaria in irrigated areas of the thar desert, india. | recently, there has been a resurgence of malaria in several parts of india, and the thar desert in north-western india, is currently suffering from the impact of repeated annual epidemics. nearly all malaria epidemics in the thar desert have come about with the progression of canal-irrigation work, particularly the massive indira gandhi nahar pariyojana (ignp). therefore, the thar desert provides an excellent model for understanding the underlying factors responsible for the exacerbation of mala ... | 2004 | 14732244 |
| effect of d-003, a mixture of high molecular weight primary acids from sugar cane wax, on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. | d-003 is a mixture of very high molecular weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum, l) wax, in which the most abundant component is octacosanoic acid. experimental studies have shown that d-003 not only shows cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects, but also offers strong protection against plasma lipoprotein oxidation. previous studies demonstrated that d-003 protected against the histological changes characteristic of cl4c-induced hepatic injury in r ... | 2003 | 14756190 |
| confessions of a bioenergy advocate. | feedstocks that deserve serious consideration for fuels and chemicals are sugarcane, corn, trees and algae. commercialization of biomass refining is imminent but the wild claims of those who think that bioenergy can replace much of our dependence on foreign oil are appalling. it is naive to view biomass as the panacea for the coming energy crisis because there is not enough in practical locations and the costs involved in retrieving and refining it will be relatively high. the world will not run ... | 2004 | 14757040 |
| anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of a mixture of fatty acids isolated and purified from sugar cane wax oil. | the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of fam, a defined mixture of fatty acids isolated from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.), was evaluated. oral administration of this mixture showed anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton pellet granuloma assay and in the carrageenin-induced pleurisy test, both in rats, as well as in the peritoneal capillary permeability test in mice. in addition, fam showed analgesic properties in the hot-plate model and in the acetic acid-induced writhings test, ... | 2003 | 12709906 |
| establishment of a functional genomics platform for leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli. | leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the causal agent of ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane, is a xylem-limited, nutritionally fastidious, slow growing, gram-positive coryneform bacterium. because of the difficulties in growing this bacterium in pure culture, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. currently, the genome sequence of l. xyli subsp. xyli is being completed by the agronomical and environmental genomes group from the organization for nucleotide sequencing and analysi ... | 2004 | 14964531 |
| immunostimulating effects of sugar cane extract on x-ray radiation induced immunosuppression in the chicken. | the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) extract (sce) on the immune system of x-ray immunosuppressed chickens. sce (500 mg/kg/day) was administrated into the crop of 3-week-old chickens for three consecutive days before or after irradiation. the results indicated that administration of sce before or after whole body x-ray irradiation enhanced both primary and secondary immune responses in chickens immunized with sheep red blood cells and b ... | 2004 | 14975361 |
| cuticular hydrocarbons of heterotermes tenuis (isoptera: rhinotermitidae): analyses and electrophysiological studies. | termites have become an important pest of eucalyptus and pinus reforestations, sugarcane and other cultures. an alternative for the control of this pest would be the use of attractive traps that take in account the social behavior of these insects. diverse factors are important for the insects in the localization of the habitat and the choice of the food and specific odors can facilitate this. studies referring to heterotermes tenuis (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) are scarce. the objective of this ... | 2004 | 15018067 |
| lipopeptide surfactant production by bacillus subtilis grown on low-cost raw materials. | the production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis atcc 6633 was investigated using commercial sugar, sugarcane juice and cane molasses, sugarcane juice alcohol stillage, glycerol, mannitol, and soybean oil. commercial sugar generated the minimum values of surface tension, with the best results (28.7 mn/m, (relative critical micelle concentration [cmc-1] of 78.6) being achieved with 10 g of substrate/l in 48 h. at a ph between 7.0 and 8.0, a higher production of surface-active compounds and a ... | 2004 | 15054241 |
| application of xylanase from thermomyces lanuginosus ioc-4145 for enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob and sugarcane bagasse. | xylanases have significant current and potential uses for several industries including paper and pulp, food, and biofuel. for the biofuel industry, xylanases can be used to aid in the conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars (e.g., xylose). we investigated the thermophilic fungus thermomyces lanuginosus was yielded for xylanase production and found that the highest activity (850 u/ml) was yielded after 96 h of semisolid fermentation. the enzyme was used for hydrolyzing agricultural res ... | 2004 | 15054248 |
| treatment of benzene-contaminated airstreams in laboratory-scale biofilters packed with raw and sieved sugarcane bagasse and with peat. | three identical upflow laboratory-scale biofilters, inoculated with the benzene-degrading strain pseudomonas sp. ncimb 9688 but filled up with different packing media (pm), specifically raw sugarcane bagasse, sieved sugarcane bagasse and peat, were employed to eliminate benzene from waste air. biofilters performances were evaluated by continuous runs in parallel at different influent benzene concentrations, sequentially stepped up through three different superficial gas velocities (31, 61, and 1 ... | 2004 | 15068370 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a potyvirus causing maize dwarf mosaic disease in central china. | the full-length nucleotide sequence of a potyvirus causing the maize dwarf mosaic (mdm) disease in henan province, central china, was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of the cdna 5'-end (5'-race). the viral genome comprised of 9596 nucleotides except the polya tail and encoded a putative polyprotein of 3603 amino acids. the entire genomic sequence of this isolate shared identities of 94.2% and 98.3% with sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) hz ... | 2003 | 15068377 |
| albicidin pathotoxin produced by xanthomonas albilineans is encoded by three large pks and nrps genes present in a gene cluster also containing several putative modifying, regulatory, and resistance genes. | xanthomonas albilineans, which causes leaf scald disease of sugarcane, produces a highly potent pathotoxin called albicidin. we report here sequencing and homology analysis of the major gene cluster, xalb1 (55,839 bp), and a second, smaller region, xalb2 (2,986 bp), involved in albicidin biosynthesis. xalb1 contains 20 open reading frames, including i) three large genes with a modular architecture characteristic of polyketide synthases (pkss) and nonribosomal peptide synthases (nrpss) and ii) se ... | 2004 | 15077674 |
| effect of acetic acid present in bagasse hydrolysate on the activities of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase in candida guilliermondii. | the first two steps in xylose metabolism are catalyzed by nad(p)h-dependent xylose reductase (xr) (ec 1.1.1.21) and nad(p)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) (ec 1.1.1.9), which lead to xylose-->xylitol-->xylulose conversion. xylitol has high commercial value, due to its sweetening and anticariogenic properties, as well as several clinical applications. the acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse allows the separation of a xylose-rich hemicellulosic fraction that can be used as a substrate for c ... | 2004 | 15107950 |
| drudgery, accidents and injuries in indian agriculture. | the indian farming employs 225 million workforce to cover 140 million hectares of total cultivated land. in spite of rapid farm mechanization (e.g., 149 million farm machinery), the vast resource-poor family farming has primary dependence on traditional methods (e.g., 520 million hand tools and 37 million animal-drawn implements are in operation). the work drudgery, the traumatic accidents and injuries are the major concerns to examine options for ergonomics intervention and betterment of work i ... | 2004 | 15128164 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and development of herbicide-resistant sugarcane (saccharum species hybrids) using axillary buds. | direct regeneration from explants without an intervening callus phase has several advantages, including production of true type progenies. axillary bud explants from 6-month-old sugarcane cultivars co92061 and co671 were co-cultivated with agrobacterium strains lba4404 and eha105 that harboured a binary vector pga492 carrying neomycin phosphotransferase ii, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) and an intron containing beta-glucuronidase (gus-intron) genes in the t-dna region. a comparison of ... | 2004 | 15133712 |
| liquid-liquid extraction of xylitol dehydrogenase from candida guilliermondii homogenate by reversed micelles. | the intracellular enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase (xd, ec 1.1.1.9) from candida guilliermondii, grown in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, was separated by reversed micelles of bdbac [n-benzyl-n-dodecyl-n-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium chloride] cationic surfactant. an experimental design was employed to evaluate the influence of the following factors on the enzyme separation: temperature, co-solvent concentration and surfactant concentration. the results showed that just the temperature did not show s ... | 2004 | 15177160 |
| associative nitrogen fixation, c4 photosynthesis, and the evolution of spittlebugs (hemiptera: cercopidae) as major pests of neotropical sugarcane and forage grasses. | neotropical grass-feeding spittlebugs of several genera are important pests of pasture grasses from the southeastern usa to northern argentina, and of sugarcane from southern mexico to southern brazil, causing estimated reductions of up to 70% in yield and estimated monetary losses of 840-2100 million us dollars annually. with few exceptions, the species badly damaged by these spittlebugs are introduced c4 grasses that exhibit associative nitrogen fixation. this study synthesizes evidence that t ... | 2004 | 15191620 |
| production of fructosyl transferase by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products. | fructosyl transferase (ftase) production by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 was carried out by solid-state fermentation (ssf), using various agricultural by-products like cereal bran, corn products, sugarcane bagasse,cassava bagasse (tippi) and by-products of coffee and tea processing. the ftase produced was used for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), using 60% sucrose as substrate. among the cereal bran used, rice bran and wheat bran were good substrates for ftase production by a. oryz ... | 2004 | 15221221 |
| poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (p3hb) production by bacteria from xylose, glucose and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. | fifty-five bacterial strains isolated from soil were screened for efficient poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (p3hb) biosynthesis from xylose. three strains were also evaluated for the utilization of bagasse hydrolysate after different detoxification steps. the results showed that activated charcoal treatment is pivotal to the production of a hydrolysate easy to assimilate. burkholderia cepacia ipt 048 and b. sacchari ipt 101 were selected for bioreactor studies, in which higher polymer contents and yields ... | 2004 | 15221664 |
| inhibitory selectivity of canecystatin: a recombinant cysteine peptidase inhibitor from sugarcane. | the cdna of a cystein peptidase inhibitor was isolated from sugarcane and expressed in escherichia coli. the protein, named canecystatin, has previously been shown to exert antifungal activity on the filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei. herein, the inhibitory specificity of canecystatin was further characterized. it inhibits the cysteine peptidases from plant source papain (ki =3.3nm) and baupain (ki=2.1x10(-8)m), but no inhibitory effect was observed on ficin or bromelain. canecystatin also i ... | 2004 | 15249200 |
| xylanase production by ganoderma lucidum on liquid and solid state fermentation. | ganoderma lucidum, a white rot fungus, was exploited for its potentials to produce xylanase employing shake and solid-state culture conditions. different culture conditions such as ph, temperature, carbon and nitrogen requirements for its growth and production of xylanase were optimized. the culture media ph 6.0-7.0 and temperatures 30 degrees-35 degrees c significantly promoted the growth as well as xylanase secretion into the media. xylan and peptone were found to be the suitable carbon and ni ... | 2003 | 15266910 |
| effects of chronic administration of d-003, a mixture of sugar cane wax high molecular acids, in beagle dogs. | d-003 is a mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum, l) with cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects. previous studies, including a 6-month study conducted in rats, have shown no d-003-related toxicity. the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of d-003 orally administered for 9 months in beagle dogs. the animals were randomly distributed in three groups: a control group receiving the vehicle only and two ... | 2004 | 15272645 |
| burkholderia unamae sp. nov., an n2-fixing rhizospheric and endophytic species. | it was shown recently that the genus burkholderia is rich in n2-fixing bacteria that are associated with plants. a group of these diazotrophic isolates with identical or very similar 16s rdna restriction patterns [designated amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra) genotypes 13, 14 and 15] was selected and a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed, which included new isolates that were recovered from rhizospheres, rhizoplanes or internal tissues of maize, sugarcane and coffee plants. morphol ... | 2004 | 15280286 |
| a putative new endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium pantoea sp. from sugarcane. | to isolate and identify endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in sugarcane growing in cuba without chemical fertilizers. | 2004 | 15281930 |
| enzymatic and fungal treatments on sugarcane bagasse for the production of mechanical pulps. | crude ligninolytic enzyme extracts from phanerochaete chrysosporium fungi were applied to sugarcane bagasse, prior to thermomechanical (tmp) and chemithermomechanical pulping (ctmp), and their properties were compared with the normal tmp and ctmp and also with tmp and ctmp pretreated with ceriporiopsis subvermispora and p. chrysosporium fungi. the sugarcane bagasse was impregnated with the crude enzyme extract containing lignin peroxidase (lip), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and laccase (lac). the ... | 2004 | 15291475 |
| indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis is deficient in gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains with mutations in cytochrome c biogenesis genes. | gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is an endophyte of sugarcane frequently found in plants grown in agricultural areas where nitrogen fertilizer input is low. recent results from this laboratory, using mutant strains of g. diazotrophicus unable to fix nitrogen, suggested that there are two beneficial effects of g. diazotrophicus on sugarcane growth: one dependent and one not dependent on nitrogen fixation. a plant growth-promoting substance, such as indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), known to be produced ... | 2004 | 15292139 |
| d-003 and warfarin interaction on the bleeding time and venous thrombosis experimentally induced in rats. | d-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary acids isolated and purified from sugarcane wax, the main component of which is octacosanoic acid. d-003 exhibits a cholesterol-lowering effect as well as antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects in experimental models. warfarin is a coumarin derivative with anticoagulant activity that acts as a vitamin k antagonist. since in clinical practice warfarin and d-003 could be administered together, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ... | 2004 | 15298777 |
| biomass conversion to mixed alcohol fuels using the mixalco process. | the mixalco process is a patented technology that converts any biodegradable material (e.g., sorted municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, industrial biosludge, manure, agricultural residues, energy crops) into mixed alcohol fuels containing predominantly 2-propanol, but also higher alcohols up to 7-tridecanol. the feedstock is treated with lime to increase its digestibility. then, it is fed to a fermentor in which a mixed culture of acid-forming microorganisms produces carboxylic acids. calcium ... | 1999 | 15304682 |
| development of a bionematicide with paecilomyces lilacinus to control meloidogyne incognita. | root-knot disease caused by meloidogyne incognita is a matter of grave concern because it affects several economically important crop plants. the use of solid-state fermentation (ssf) may help to elaborate efficient formulations with fungi to be employed in the biologic control of nematodes. attempts were made to select low-cost substrates for spore production of a strain of paecilomyces lilacinus with known nematicide capacity. coffee husks, cassava bagasse, and defatted soybean cake were utili ... | 2004 | 15304741 |
| the genome sequence of the gram-positive sugarcane pathogen leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli. | the genome sequence of leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, which causes ratoon stunting disease and affects sugarcane worldwide, was determined. the single circular chromosome of leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli ctcb07 was 2.6 mb in length with a gc content of 68% and 2,044 predicted open reading frames. the analysis also revealed 307 predicted pseudogenes, which is more than any bacterial plant pathogen sequenced to date. many of these pseudogenes, if functional, would likely be involved in the degradation o ... | 2004 | 15305603 |
| a variable region of the sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv) genome can be used to generate promoters for transgene expression in sugarcane. | four promoters derived from sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv) were compared and characterised. three were obtained by pcr amplification of purified virion dna extracted from three sugarcane cultivars. the fourth promoter was obtained by subcloning from an almost genome-length clone of scbv. all promoters were able to drive stable expression of beta-glucuronidase in sugarcane. the pcr-derived promoter sequences shared more dna homology with banana streak virus than to the subcloned scbv. the sub ... | 2004 | 15309498 |
| sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in tissue culture: long-term maintenance, transmission, and oxytetracycline remission. | sugarcane white leaf (scwl)-diseased sugarcane plants collected from udornthani province, in north-eastern thailand, were the source for tissue culture experiments. explants from axillary buds, meristem tips, and leaves grew optimally in murashige-skoog medium containing 0.5 mg/l alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine, and 15% coconut water. callus development and shoot/root proliferation were more rapid in cultures from diseased than from healthy plants. disease symptoms con ... | 2004 | 15309500 |
| effect of d-003, a mixture of very high molecular weight aliphatic acids, on prednisolone-induced osteoporosis in sprague-dawley rats. | drugs inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis may affect bone metabolism through inhibition of the mevalonate pathway resulting in the inhibition of protein prenylation required for osteoclast activity. d-003 is a mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar-cane (saccharum officinarum) wax, with cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies. d-003 inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis through indirect regulation of hmg-coa reductase activ ... | 2004 | 15357627 |
| effects of alcohol consumption on osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits. | alcohol consumption affects bone metabolism by impairing osteoblast proliferation and by increasing osteoclastic activity. the purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation in alcohol-fed rabbits following the insertion of dental titanium implants. animals were fed with 20% ethanol sugarcane brandy pre- and postoperatively (group 1), preoperatively only (group 2), and with water as control (group 3). during the postoperative period, rabbits received doses of polyfluorochrome labels (i.e., ... | 2004 | 15359159 |
| alcohol intake and osseointegration around implants: a histometric and scanning electron microscopy study. | alveolar wound healing can be modified by local and systemic factors. the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of alcoholic beverage administration (sugarcane brandy) on reparative bone formation around hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate implants inside the alveolar socket. male wistar rats had their upper right incisors extracted and the bioceramic granules implanted in the alveoli. the animals received increasing concentrations of brandy until 30 degrees gay-lussac was achiev ... | 2004 | 15359160 |
| efficient developmental mis-targeting by the sporamin ntpp vacuolar signal to plastids in young leaves of sugarcane and arabidopsis. | plant vacuoles are multi-functional, developmentally varied and can occupy up to 90% of plant cells. the n-terminal propeptide (ntpp) of sweet potato sporamin and the c-terminal propeptide (ctpp) of tobacco chitinase have been developed as models to target some heterologous proteins to vacuoles but so far tested on only a few plant species, vacuole types and "payload" proteins. most studies have focused on lytic and protein-storage vacuoles, which may differ substantially from the sugar-storage ... | 2004 | 15372194 |
| xylanases of marine fungi of potential use for biobleaching of paper pulp. | microbial xylanases that are thermostable, active at alkaline ph and cellulase-free are generally preferred for biobleaching of paper pulp. we screened obligate and facultative marine fungi for xylanase activity with these desirable traits. several fungal isolates obtained from marine habitats showed alkaline xylanase activity. the crude enzyme from niocc isolate 3 (aspergillus niger), with high xylanase activity, cellulase-free and unique properties containing 580 u l(-1) xylanase, could bring ... | 2004 | 15372306 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) chloroplast genome: a comparative analysis of four monocot chloroplast genomes. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) has been determined. it is a circular double-stranded dna molecule, 141,182 bp in size, and is composed of a large single copy of 83,048 bp, a small single copy of 12,544 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 22,795 bp each. a comparative analysis among monocots showed that the sugarcane chloroplast genome was very similar to maize but not to rice or wheat. between sugarcane and maize at the rp ... | 2004 | 15449542 |
| a rapid and highly efficient method for transformation of sugarcane callus. | modern sugarcane cultivars have complex genetic characteristics and low fertility that render their genetic improvement through traditional breeding difficult. genetic engineering methodology to introduce foreign genes provides new opportunities for the genetic improvement of sugarcane cultivars. one of prerequisites for successful insertion of a gene cassette into the plant genome is the availability of an efficient transformation protocol. an improved protocol for agrobacterium-mediated transf ... | 2004 | 15477650 |
| high-cell-density cultivation of pseudomonas putida ipt 046 and medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate production from sugarcane carbohydrates. | we studied high-density cultures of pseudomonas putida ipt 046 for the production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (phamcl) using an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose as carbon sources. kinetics studies of p. putida growth resulted in a maximum specific growth rate of 0.65 h(-1). limitation and inhibition owing to nh4+ ions were observed, respectively, at 400 and 3500 mg of nh4+/l. the minimum concentration of dissolved oxygen in the broth must be 15% of saturation. fed-batch ... | 2004 | 15496728 |
| characterization of a distinct johnsongrass mosaic virus strain isolated from sorghum in nigeria. | a virus isolated from sorghum in nigeria has been partially characterized. it was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using antisera to maize dwarf mosaic virus, johnsongrass mosaic virus (jgmv), sugarcane mosaic virus strain-mdb, sorghum mosaic virus, and zea mosaic virus. a partial host range, symptom phenotypes for selected sorghum lines, and the mass of the coat protein (cp) subunit was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and its ... | 2005 | 15503220 |
| sucrose partitioning between vascular bundles and storage parenchyma in the sugarcane stem: a potential role for the shsut1 sucrose transporter. | a transporter with homology to the sut/suc family of plant sucrose transporters was isolated from a sugarcane (saccharum hybrid) stem cdna library. the gene, designated shsut1, encodes a protein of 517 amino acids, including 12 predicted membrane-spanning domains and a large central cytoplasmic loop. shsut1 was demonstrated to be a functional sucrose transporter by expression in yeast. the estimated k(m) for sucrose of the shsut1 transporter was 2 mm at ph 5.5. shsut1 was expressed predominantly ... | 2005 | 15517352 |
| a comparison of constitutive promoters for expression of transgenes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. three promoters, the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (scbv) promoter were each fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) gene. the highest gus enzyme activity was obtained using the csvmv promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. the 35s ... | 2004 | 15517994 |
| benzo[a]pyrene removal from soil by phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on sugarcane bagasse and pine sawdust. | the capacity of phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on soil with added sugarcane baggase (bp) and pine sawdust (ps) to remove benzo(a)pyrene (bap) was studied. a half factorial two-level experiment 2(4-1) was designed to determine the effect of: type of lignocellulosic material (bp and ps) for fungus growth, age of fungus (5 and 10d), amount of lignocellulosic material (10% and 15% w/w) and soil moisture content (water holding capacity of 45% and 56% w/w). inoculum obtained at different ages showe ... | 2005 | 15522327 |
| burkholderia tropica sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing, plant-associated bacterium. | in an ecological survey of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere and as endophytes of sugarcane, maize and teosinte plants in brazil, mexico and south africa, a new phylogenetically homogeneous group of n(2)-fixing bacteria was identified within the genus burkholderia. this polyphasic taxonomic study included microscopic and colony morphology, api 20ne tests and growth on different culture media at different ph and temperatures, as well as carbon source assimilation tests and wh ... | 2004 | 15545451 |
| sucrose hydrolases from the midgut of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis. | a beta-fructosidase (ec 3.2.1.26) was isolated from the midgut of larval sugar cane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis by mild-denaturing electrophoresis and further purified to near homogeneity by gel filtration. beta-fructosidase hydrolysed sucrose, raffinose and the fructosyl-trisaccharide isokestose, but it had no activity against maltose, melibiose and synthetic substrates for alpha-glucosidases. two other sucrose hydrolases, one resembling a alpha-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.20) and the other one ... | 2004 | 15607512 |
| characterization of antifungal metabolite produced by a new strain pseudomonas aeruginosa pupa3 that exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and biofertilizing traits. | to study the antifungal activity and plant beneficial traits of a broad-spectrum antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonad strain, pupa3. | 2005 | 15610427 |
| influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on growth, nitrogenase activity, and carbon metabolism of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. | the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth, nitrogenase activity, and carbon metabolism of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus were investigated. the amino acids asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid affected microbial growth and nitrogenase activity. several enzymatic activities involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were affected by the carbon source used. in addition, glucose and gluconate significantly increased the oxygen consumption (respiration rate) of whole ... | 2004 | 15644929 |
| management of feeding damage and survival of southwestern corn borer and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) with bacillus thuringiensis transgenic field corn. | the efficacy of transgenic corn hybrids expressing an insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin from different transformation events was evaluated in field corn, zea mays l., against the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar, and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.). susceptibilities of neonates and third instars were determined on bt and non-bt corn plants (v6 and r1 stages) in field plots and corn leaf tissue feeding exposure in laboratory bioassays. bt corn ... | 2004 | 15666772 |
| production of gliotoxin on natural substrates by trichoderma virens. | gliotoxin, an epithiodiketopiperazine toxin produced by the "q" strain of trichoderma virens, is essential for curtailing growth and multiplication of phytopathogens (howell et al. 1993, fravel 1988). three isolates (gv, gv-a and gv-v) of trichoderma virens were grown on natural substrates such as bengal gram hull, gingelly cake, green gram hull, rice bran, soya meal, sugarcane bagasse, soyameal + tapioca, tapioca powder, tapioca peel and wheat bran). it was evident from this study that maximum ... | 2005 | 15678558 |
| identification of functional sequences in the pregenomic rna promoter of the banana streak virus cavendish strain (bsv-cav). | the promoter regions of plant pararetroviruses direct transcription of the full-length viral genome into a pregenomic rna that is an intermediate in the replication of the virus. it serves as template for reverse transcription and as polycistronic mrna for translation to viral proteins. we have identified functional promoter elements in the intergenic region of the cavendish isolate of banana streak virus (bsv-cav), a member of the genus badnavirus. potential binding sites for plant transcriptio ... | 2005 | 15681068 |
| the occurrence and allergising potential of airborne pollen in west bengal, india. | a continuous 2-year volumetric aerobiological survey was conducted in berhampore town, a centrally located and representative part of west bengal, india. the aim of the study was to assess the allergising potential of airborne pollen grains of west bengal. a total of 31 pollen types were identified of which poaceae (grasses) pollen showed maximum frequency, followed by cyperaceae, cassia sp., acacia auriculiformis, etc. the seasonal periodicities of the pollen types and their relationship to met ... | 2004 | 15236497 |