| flock size and habitat-dependent food and energy intake of foraging goldfinches. | during the breeding season goldfinches (carduelis carduelis l.) feed on milky ripe seeds of about 20 food plants. individual goldfinches joining a flock reduce the time spent vigilant with increasing flock size. therefore birds feeding in flocks get an increased intake of kernels per time unit. this was measured for five different food plants (dactylis glomerata (gramineae), knautia arvensis (dipsacaceae), senecio vulgaris, taraxacum officinale, tragopogon pratensis (compositae)). in large-sized ... | 1986 | 28312098 |
| simulation of germination of pioneer species along an experimental drought gradient. | the germination of ten plant species from the iberian peninsula was assessed along a water deficit gradient between -0. 1652 (moist) and -0.4988 mpa (dry) of osmotic potential, created by addition of increasing concentrations of polyethylene glycol (peg 6000) to distilled water in which plants were grown hydroponically. the level and rate of germination of daucus carota and thapsia villosa significantly decreased with decreasing psi. seeds of dactylis glomerata and dittrichia viscosa had positiv ... | 2006 | 17405330 |
| a cd14 gene polymorphism is associated with the ige level for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. | cd14/-159 plays a role in sensitization to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in japanese patients with allergic rhinitis. | 2005 | 16109674 |
| tracing the fate and transport of secondary plant metabolites in a laboratory mesocosm experiment by employing mass spectrometric imaging. | mass spectrometric imaging (msi) has received considerable attention in recent years, since it allows the molecular mapping of various compound classes, such as proteins, peptides, glycans, secondary metabolites, lipids, and drugs in animal, human, or plant tissue sections. in the present study, the application of laser-based msi analysis of secondary plant metabolites to monitor their transport from the grass leaves of dactylis glomerata, over the crop of the grasshopper chorthippus dorsatus to ... | 2017 | 28357483 |
| dynamics of runoff and sediment trapping performance of vegetative filter strips: run-on experiments and modeling. | vegetative filter strips (vfss) are a labor-saving and cost-effective agricultural best management practice to trap water runoff and sediment from the source areas. they also provide forage and/or fuel and are therefore potentially profitable for land owners. vfss are however a dynamic system: the runoff delivery ratio (rdr) and sediment delivery ratio (sdr) vary with growth stage and vegetation types. the impacts of vegetation characteristics as well as soil physical properties modified by vege ... | 2017 | 28342418 |
| the effects of plant nutritional strategy on soil microbial denitrification activity through rhizosphere primary metabolites. | the aim of this study was to determine (i) whether plant nutritional strategy affects the composition of primary metabolites exuded into the rhizosphere and (ii) their impact on denitrification activity in soil. we answer this question by analysing primary metabolite contents extracted from the root-adhering soil (ras) and the roots of three grasses representing different nutrient management strategies: conservative (festuca paniculata), intermediate (bromus erectus) and exploitative (dactylis g ... | 2017 | 28334144 |
| effect of mixed hay supplementation during fattening on carcass traits and meat quality of hanwoo steers. | this study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (mh) consisted of 55% orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.), 35% tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (trifolium pratense) to hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (th) and local rice straw (rs). | 2017 | 28293430 |
| allergy to grass pollen: mapping of dactylis glomerata and phleum pratense allergens for dogs by two-dimensional immunoblotting. | much less is known about grass-pollen allergens to dogs, when compared with humans. genetic-based patterns might play an important role in sensitization profiles, conditioning the success of allergen-specific immunotherapy. | 2017 | 28261033 |
| genome-wide association study of rust traits in orchardgrass using slaf-seq technology. | while orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is a well-known perennial forage species, rust diseases cause serious reductions in the yield and quality of orchardgrass; however, genetic mechanisms of rust resistance are not well understood in orchardgrass. | 2017 | 28250720 |
| aflp assessment of genetic variability and relationships in an asian wild germplasm collection of dactylis glomerata l. | orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), an excellent perennial and cool season forage species distributed in most temperate regions, has been cultivated widely in western china. amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were employed to determine the genetic variability and population structure among 41 indigenous orchardgrass accessions from central asia and western china. on the basis of 531 polymorphic fragments resulted from eight primer combinations, polymorphic information content (pic) ... | 2017 | 28215522 |
| water use efficiency and shoot biomass production under water limitation is negatively correlated to the discrimination against (13)c in the c3 grasses dactylis glomerata, festuca arundinacea and phalaris arundinacea. | climate change impacts rainfall patterns which may lead to drought stress in rain-fed agricultural systems. crops with higher drought tolerance are required on marginal land with low precipitation or on soils with low water retention used for biomass production. it is essential to obtain plant breeding tools, which can identify genotypes with improved drought tolerance and water use efficiency (wue). in c3 plant species, the variation in discrimination against (13)c (δ(13)c) during photosynthesi ... | 2017 | 28152389 |
| bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural important grass species differ in their response towards management regimes. | endophytic bacteria are critical for plant growth and health. however, compositional and functional responses of bacterial endophyte communities towards agricultural practices are still poorly understood. hence, we analyzed the influence of fertilizer application and mowing frequency on bacterial endophytes in three agriculturally important grass species. for this purpose, we examined bacterial endophytic communities in aerial plant parts of dactylis glomerata l., festuca rubra l., and lolium pe ... | 2017 | 28102323 |
| responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep-fed forage herb plantain and exposed to heat. | the use of herbal plants as traditional medicines has a century long history. plantain (plantago lanceolata l.) is a perennial herb containing bioactive components with free radical scavenging activities. an isotope dilution technique using [u-13c]glucose was conducted to determine the effect of plantain on the responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep. six crossbred sheep (three wethers and three ewes; mean initial bw=40±2 kg) were fed either a mixed hay of o ... | 2017 | 28091361 |
| proteome data on the microbial microbiome of grasshopper feces. | we present proteome data from the microbiota (feces) after a diet shift from a natural diverse to a monocultural meadow with dactylis glomerata. the abundant grasshopper species, chorthippus dorsatus, was taken from the wild and kept in captivity and were fed with dactylis glomerata for five days. for phytophagous insects, the efficiency of utilization of hemicellulose and cellulose depends on the gut microbiota. shifts in environmental and management conditions alter the presence and abundance ... | 2016 | 27995170 |
| effect of feeding warm-season annuals with orchardgrass on ruminal fermentation and methane output in continuous culture. | a 4-unit, dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to assess nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids (vfa) production, bacterial protein synthesis, and methane (ch4) output of warm-season annual grasses. treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 latin square design using 7 d for adaptation to treatment and 3 d for sample collection. treatments were (1) 100% orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ord); (2) 50% orchardgrass + 50% japanese millet [echinochloa escul ... | 2017 | 27939544 |
| phylogenetic and diversity analysis of dactylis glomerata subspecies using ssr and it-isj markers. | the genus dactylis, an important forage crop, has a wide geographical distribution in temperate regions. while this genus is thought to include a single species, dactylis glomerata, this species encompasses many subspecies whose relationships have not been fully characterized. in this study, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of nine representative dactylis subspecies were examined using ssr and it-isj markers. in total, 21 pairs of ssr primers and 15 pairs of it-isj primers we ... | 2016 | 27809251 |
| comparative performance of airyscan and structured illumination superresolution microscopy in the study of the surface texture and 3d shape of pollen. | the visualization of taxonomically diagnostic features of individual pollen grains can be a challenge for many ecologically and phylogenetically important pollen types. the resolution of traditional optical microscopy is limited by the diffraction of light (250 nm), while high resolution tools such as electron microscopy are limited by laborious preparation and imaging workflows. airyscan confocal superresolution and structured illumination superresolution (sr-sim) microscopy are powerful new to ... | 2016 | 27476493 |
| construction of high-density genetic linkage map and identification of flowering-time qtls in orchardgrass using ssrs and slaf-seq. | orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is one of the most economically important perennial, cool-season forage species grown and pastured worldwide. high-density genetic linkage mapping is a valuable and effective method for exploring complex quantitative traits. in this study, we developed 447,177 markers based on slaf-seq and used them to perform a comparative genomics analysis. perennial ryegrass sequences were the most similar (5.02%) to orchardgrass sequences. a high-density linkage map of or ... | 2016 | 27389619 |
| the grass pollen season 2014 in vienna: a pilot study combining phenology, aerobiology and symptom data. | grasses (poaceae) are one of the largest plant families and are distributed worldwide. grass pollen allergy is one of the most important pollen allergies affecting large parts of the population worldwide. the grass pollen season itself is special since it is caused by the flowering of various grass species that present unique profiles of allergenicity, which assumingly plays a significant role and impact on grass pollen sensitization profiles for the allergy sufferer. the aim of this study, cond ... | 2016 | 27317132 |
| comparison of rapd, issr, and aflp molecular markers to reveal and classify orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) germplasm variations. | three different dna-based techniques, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), inter simple sequence repeat (issr) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers, were used for fingerprinting dactylis glomerata genotypes and for detecting genetic variation between the three different subspecies. in this study, rapd assays produced 97 bands, of which 40 were polymorphic (41.2%). the issr primers amplified 91 bands, and 54 showed polymorphism (59.3%). finally, the aflp showed 100 bands, ... | 2016 | 27070939 |
| aboveground insect herbivory increases plant competitive asymmetry, while belowground herbivory mitigates the effect. | insect herbivores can shift the composition of a plant community, but the mechanism underlying such shifts remains largely unexplored. a possibility is that insects alter the competitive symmetry between plant species. the effect of herbivory on competition likely depends on whether the plants are subjected to aboveground or belowground herbivory or both, and also depends on soil nitrogen levels. it is unclear how these biotic and abiotic factors interactively affect competition. in a greenhouse ... | 2016 | 27069805 |
| do drying and rewetting cycles modulate effects of sulfadiazine spiked manure in soil? | naturally occurring drying-rewetting events in soil have been shown to affect the dissipation of veterinary antibiotics entering soil by manure fertilization. however, knowledge of effects on the soil microbial community structure and resistome is scarce. here, consequences of drying-rewetting cycles on effects of sulfadiazine (sdz) in soil planted with dactylis glomerata l. were investigated in microcosms. manure containing sdz or not was applied to the pregrown grass and incubated for 56 days ... | 2016 | 27053757 |
| use of two grasses for the phytoremediation of aqueous solutions polluted with terbuthylazine. | the capacity of two grasses, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata), to remove terbuthylazine (tba) from polluted solutions has been assessed in hydroponic cultures. different tba concentrations (0.06, 0.31, 0.62, and 1.24 mg/l) were chosen to test the capacity of the two grasses to resist the chemical. aerial biomass, effective concentrations (to cause reductions of 10, 50, and 90% of plant aerial biomass) and chlorophylls contents of orchardgrass were found to ... | 2016 | 26934386 |
| complementarity among four highly productive grassland species depends on resource availability. | positive species richness-productivity relationships are common in biodiversity experiments, but how resource availability modifies biodiversity effects in grass-legume mixtures composed of highly productive species is yet to be explicitly tested. we addressed this question by choosing two grasses (arrhenatherum elatius and dactylis glomerata) and two legumes (medicago × varia and onobrychis viciifolia) which are highly productive in monocultures and dominant in mixtures (the jena experiment). w ... | 2016 | 26932467 |
| [carbon source utilization characteristics of soil microbial community for apple orchard with interplanting herbage]. | as soil fertility in apple orchard with clean tillage is declined continuously, interplanting herbage in orchard, which is a new orchard management model, plays an important role in improving orchard soil conditions. by using biolog micro-plate technique, this paper studied the functional diversity of soil microbial community under four species of management model in apple orchards, including clear tillage model, interplanting white clover model, interplanting small crown flower model and interp ... | 2015 | 26911017 |
| combining drought survival via summer dormancy and annual biomass productivity in dactylis glomerata l. | under mediterranean climates, the best strategy to produce rain-fed fodder crops is to develop perennial drought resistant varieties. summer dormancy present in native germplasm has been shown to confer a high level of survival under severe drought. nevertheless it has also been shown to be negatively correlated with annual biomass productivity. the aim of this study was to analyze the correlations between summer dormancy and annual biomass productivity related traits and to identify quantitativ ... | 2016 | 26904054 |
| impact of grassland management regimes on bacterial endophyte diversity differs with grass species. | most plant species are colonized by endophytic bacteria. despite their importance for plant health and growth, the response of these bacteria to grassland management regimes is still not understood. hence, we investigated the bacterial community structure in three agricultural important grass species dactylis glomerata l., festuca rubra l. and lolium perenne l. with regard to fertilizer application and different mowing frequencies. for this purpose, above-ground plant material was collected from ... | 2016 | 26834040 |
| genetic diversity and association of est-ssr and scot markers with rust traits in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). | orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), is a well-known perennial forage species; however, rust diseases have caused a noticeable reduction in the quality and production of orchardgrass. in this study, genetic diversity was assessed and the marker-trait associations for rust were examined using 18 est-ssr and 21 scot markers in 75 orchardgrass accessions. a high level of genetic diversity was detected in orchardgrass with an average genetic diversity index of 0.369. for the est-ssr and scot marker ... | 2016 | 26760988 |
| phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils artificially polluted using plant-associated-endophytic bacteria and dactylis glomerata as the bioremediation plant. | the reaction of soil microorganisms to the contamination of soil artificially polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was evaluated in pot experiments. the plant used in the tests was cock's foot (dactylis glomerata). three different soils artificially contaminated with pahs were applied in the studies. three selected pahs (anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) were used at the doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg d.m. of soil and diesel fuel at the doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg d ... | 2015 | 26638532 |
| productivity and carbon footprint of perennial grass-forage legume intercropping strategies with high or low nitrogen fertilizer input. | a three-season field experiment was established and repeated twice with spring barley used as cover crop for different perennial grass-legume intercrops followed by a full year pasture cropping and winter wheat after sward incorporation. two fertilization regimes were applied with plots fertilized with either a high or a low rate of mineral nitrogen (n) fertilizer. life cycle assessment (lca) was used to evaluate the carbon footprint (global warming potential) of the grassland management includi ... | 2016 | 26479907 |
| application of image analysis for grass tillering determination. | tillering is defined as the process of above-ground shoot production by a single plant. the number of grass tillers is one of the most important parameters in ecology and breeding studies. the number of tillers is usually determined by manually counting the separated shoots from a single plant. unfortunately, this method is too time-consuming. in this study, a new method for counting grass tillers based on image analysis is presented. the usefulness of the method was evaluated for five grass spe ... | 2015 | 26446128 |
| the effect of seaweed ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and braun's festulolium. the experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. it was set up at the experimental facility of the university of natural sciences and humanities, siedlce, in late april 2009. the following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade ... | 2016 | 26408121 |
| efficacy and safety of a novel nasal steroid, s0597, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. | allergic rhinitis (ar) poses a significant global burden with increasing prevalence. although intranasal glucocorticosteroids are effective, older agents can have limiting side effects. s0597, a novel intranasal glucocorticosteroid, has demonstrated good safety and tolerability during preclinical and phase 1 studies. | 2015 | 26272281 |
| the fungal endophyte epichloë typhina improves photosynthesis efficiency of its host orchard grass (dactylis glomerata). | according to the results presented in this paper the fungal endophyte epichloë typhina significantly improves the growth, psii photochemistry and c assimilation efficiency of its host dactylis glomerata. in this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the impact of the endophytic fungi epichloë typhina on its plant hosts' photosynthesis apparatus. chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange, immuno-blotting and spectrophotometric measurements were employed to assess photosynthetic performance, c ... | 2015 | 26059605 |
| exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber. | it has frequently been speculated that pruritus and skin lesions develop after topical exposure to aeroallergens in sensitized patients with atopic dermatitis (ad). | 2015 | 26044854 |
| sensitization profile to allergens in patients using multi-test ii. | introduction medical intervention in allergies has broadened its perspective, also focusing in the quality of life of patients. patients are instructed, before using pharmacotherapy agents, to avoid the causal agent. objective this study aims to analyze the sensitization profile of patients with allergic complaints and identify possible characteristics specific to each age group and gender. methods a descriptive cross-sectional study included data collected from medical records (from multi-test ... | 2014 | 25992129 |
| optimization of scot-pcr reaction system in dactylis glomerata by orthogonal design. | the effects of 5 factors (template dna, mg(2+), dntps, taq dna polymerase, and primer) on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were investigated to optimize the start codon targeted polymor-phism (scot)-pcr system of dactylis glomerata l., using an orthogo-nal design l16 (4(5)). a suitable scot-pcr system for d. glomerata was established; the 20 μl reaction volume contained 3.0 mm mg(2+), 0.2 mm dntps, 1.0 u taq dna polymerase, 0.2 μm primer, 20 ng tem-plate dna, and 2 μl 10x buffer. each factor ... | 2015 | 25966069 |
| identifying differentially expressed genes under heat stress and developing molecular markers in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) through transcriptome analysis. | orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is a long-lived, cool-season forage grass that is commonly used for hay production. despite its economic importance, orchardgrass genome remains relatively unexplored. in this study, we used illumina rna sequencing to identify gene-associated molecular markers, including simple sequence repeats (ssrs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), as well as heat stress-induced differentially expressed genes (degs) in two orchardgrass genotypes, 'baoxing' (heat ... | 2015 | 25894804 |
| remediation and reclamation of soils heavily contaminated with toxic metals as a substrate for greening with ornamental plants and grasses. | soils highly contaminated with toxic metals are currently treated as waste despite their potential inherent fertility. we applied edta washing technology featuring chelant and process water recovery for remediation of soil with 4037, 2527, and 26 mg kg(-1) of pb, zn and cd, respectively in a pilot scale. a high edta dose (120 mmol kg(-1) of soil) removed 70%, 15%, and 58% of pb, zn, and cd, respectively, and reduced human oral bioaccessibility of pb below the limit of quantification and that of ... | 2015 | 25577699 |
| fusarium dactylidis sp. nov., a novel nivalenol toxin-producing species sister to f. pseudograminearum isolated from orchard grass (dactylis glomerata) in oregon and new zealand. | the b trichothecene toxin-producing clade (b clade) of fusarium includes the etiological agents of fusarium head blight, crown rot of wheat and barley and stem and ear rot of maize. b clade isolates also have been recovered from several wild and cultivated grasses, including dactylis glomerata (orchard grass or cock's foot), one of the world's most important forage grasses. two isolates from the latter host are formally described here as f. dactylidis. phenotypically f. dactylidis most closely r ... | 2016 | 25550300 |
| [about minimization of expenses on allergy diagnosis in children: analysis of consistency of in vitro- and in vivo-allergic examinations results]. | high morbidity rate of atopic diseases among children, including high importance of grass pollen as a sensitizing agent, determine the relevance ofstudies on diagnostic examination systems for appointment of adequate therapy. the research of the most relevant allergens for patients to excludeof duplicating and uninformative tests became urgent after development of a new type of diagnostic tests that does not require expensive equipment. the objective of this research was to evaluate the results ... | 2015 | 27093804 |
| genetic evidence for reproductive isolation among sympatric epichloë endophytes as inferred from newly developed microsatellite markers. | reproductive isolation is central to the maintenance of species, and especially in sympatry, effective barriers to prevent interspecific crosses are expected. host specificity is thought to constitute an effective mechanism for the formation of barriers in different genera of fungi, but evidence for endophytes is so far lacking. sexual epichloë species (ascomycota, clavicipitaceae) represent an ideal study system to investigate the mechanisms underlying speciation as mediated by host specificity ... | 2015 | 25542204 |
| the effect of high polyphenol oxidase grass silage on metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and nitrogen across the rumen of beef steers. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in red clover (trifolium pratense) has been reported to reduce both proteolysis and lipolysis, resulting in greater n use efficiency and protection of pufa across the rumen. although high levels of ppo have been reported in grasses such as cocksfoot (orchard grass; dactylis glomerata), no in vivo research has determined whether grass ppo elicits the same response as red clover ppo. to test the hypothesis that silage ensiled from grass with high levels of ppo pro ... | 2014 | 25349355 |
| [the study of profile of hypersensitivity to pollen and fungal allergens in the moscow region]. | the profile of hypersensitivity to pollen and fungal allergens is an important element of common pattern of immune diseases needed for development of effective pharmaceuticals. the purpose of the study was to analyze the rate of detection of combined forms of hypersensitivity to pollen and fungal allergens (pollen of birch, hazel, cocksfoot, wormwood, fungi a. alternata, c. herbarum, r. nigricans, p. notatum, c. albicans, a. fumigatus) in the moscow region on the basis of data of scarification s ... | 2014 | 25338462 |
| reference gene selection for quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr in orchardgrass subjected to various abiotic stresses. | quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) is a powerful tool for the measurement of gene expression; however, the accuracy of this approach depends on the stability of reference genes. the objective of the present study was to identify the stable reference genes in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), a principal cool-season forage grass in the world. ten candidate reference genes were selected in this study including atp-binding [abc], actin [actin], cyclophilin [cyp2], glycer ... | 2014 | 25307767 |
| content of lead and cadmium in aboveground plant organs of grasses growing on the areas adjacent to a route of big traffic. | the effect of traffic on the content of lead and cadmium in grass morphological parts-leaves, shoots, and inflorescences-was studied. the samples were taken on a part of the european route e30 (siedlce by road). the following plants were tested: dactylis glomerata, arrhenatherum elatius, and alopecurus pratensis. during the flowering of grasses, the plant material was collected at distances of 1, 5, 10, and 15 m from the edge of the road, on the strip of road with a length of 9 km. in the collec ... | 2015 | 25292297 |
| effects of heat acclimation on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression in orchardgrass under heat stress. | the present study was designed to examine the effects of heat acclimation on enzymatic activity, transcription levels, the photosynthesis processes associated with thermostability in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.).the stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (pn), and transpiration rates (tr) of both heat-acclimated (ha) and non-acclimated (na) plants were drastically reduced during heat treatment [using a 5-day heat stress treatment (38/30 °c ‒ day/night) followed by a 3-day rec ... | 2014 | 25255756 |
| influence of fresh alfalfa supplementation on fat skatole and indole concentration and chop odour and flavour in lambs grazing a cocksfoot pasture. | we investigated the influence of the level of fresh alfalfa supplementation on fat skatole and indole concentration and chop sensory attributes in grazing lambs. four groups of nine male romane lambs grazing a cocksfoot pasture were supplemented with various levels of alfalfa for at least 60days before slaughter. perirenal fat skatole concentration was higher for lambs that consumed alfalfa than for those that consumed only cocksfoot. the intensity of 'animal' odour in the lean part of the chop ... | 2014 | 25089784 |
| analysis of diversity and relationships among orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) accessions using start codon-targeted markers. | orchardgrass, or cocksfoot, is an important perennial forage grass worldwide. the comprehensive understanding of orchardgrass accessions will benefit germplasm collection and breeding progress, and it will enhance efforts to improve forage yield and quality. therefore, 24 novel, simple, polymorphic, and reliable start codon-targeted (scot) markers were used to analyze the diversity and genetic relationships among 95 orchardgrass accessions. in total, 273 polymorphic bands were detected with an a ... | 2014 | 25036346 |
| genetic diversity and structure of natural dactylis glomerata l. populations revealed by morphological and microsatellite-based (ssr/issr) markers. | dactylis glomerata l. is an important forage species in the mediterranean region, and in other regions with a similar climate. genetic material from 3 locations in north, central, and south greece was studied, using morphological traits, ssr, and issr molecular markers. morphological analysis revealed differences among the geographic locations studied for all morphological traits, except the number of reproductive tillers. moreover, the highest phenotypic variation was observed on the accessions ... | 2014 | 25036166 |
| hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with nasobronchial allergy. | aeroallergens are the most common causes of allergy. | 2014 | 24937928 |
| efficacy of biosolids in assisted phytostabilization of metalliferous acidic sandy soils with five grass species. | the role of sewage sludge as an immobilising agent in the phytostabilization of metal-contaminated soil was evaluated using five grass species viz., dactylis glomerata l., festuca arundinacea schreb., f. rubra l., lolium perenne l., l. westerwoldicum l. the function of metal immobilization was investigated by monitoring ph, eh and cd, pb, and zn levels in column experiment over a period of 5-months. grasses grown on sewage sludge-amendments produced high biomass in comparison to controls. a sign ... | 2014 | 24912245 |
| soil microbial community responses to antibiotic-contaminated manure under different soil moisture regimes. | sulfadiazine (sdz) is an antibiotic frequently administered to livestock, and it alters microbial communities when entering soils with animal manure, but understanding the interactions of these effects to the prevailing climatic regime has eluded researchers. a climatic factor that strongly controls microbial activity is soil moisture. here, we hypothesized that the effects of sdz on soil microbial communities will be modulated depending on the soil moisture conditions. to test this hypothesis, ... | 2014 | 24743980 |
| morphological and genetic characteristics of hybrid combinations of dactylis glomerata. | six f1 populations derived from crosses among 4 orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars were studied by morphological and simple sequence repeat molecular markers to test for hybrid vigor and a correlation between genetic distance and heterosis. heterosis was observed for days to length of culm, leaf traits, tiller numbers, etc. significant differences between obverse and inverse crosses were found for eleven traits. a cytoplasmic effect existed for the agronomic traits considered in this ... | 2014 | 24615091 |
| fertilization of epichloe typhina stromata by mycophagous slugs. | epichloë typhina, a fungal endophyte of cool season grasses, is heterothallic and an obligate out-crosser. in areas of endemism, its spermatia are moved between stromata of the two opposite mating types through egg-laying activities of botanophila flies. in western oregon, where the fungus was inadvertently introduced into seed-production fields of dactylis glomerata (= orchardgrass, cocksfoot), flies do not appear to be the sole vectors for e. typhina fertilization. here we examined the role of ... | 2014 | 24603831 |
| [effects of drought stress on the root growth and photosynthetic characters of dactylis glomerata seedlings]. | taking the drought-sensitive dactylis glomerata line "01998" and drought-tolerant cultivar "baoxing" as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of drought stress on the seedlings root growth, physiological characteristics, and leaf photosynthesis, aimed to approach the differences in the drought-tolerance mechanism of different d. glomerata lines (cultivars). under drought stress, the root vitality and root number of "01998" and "baoxing" presented a trend of increase ... | 2013 | 24483068 |
| dose-dependent response of nitrogen stable isotope ratio to proportion of legumes in diet to authenticate lamb meat produced from legume-rich diets. | this study investigated the dose-dependent response in lamb meat of stable nitrogen isotope ratio to the dietary proportion of legumes, and the ability of the nitrogen isotope signature of the meat to authenticate meat produced from legume-rich diets. four groups of nine male romane lambs grazing a cocksfoot pasture were supplemented with different levels of fresh alfalfa forage to obtain four dietary proportions of alfalfa (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) for 98 days on average before slaughter (groups l ... | 2014 | 24444961 |
| sublingual or subcutaneous immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: an indirect analysis of efficacy, safety and cost. | the standard of preventive care for poorly controlled seasonal allergic rhinitis (ar) is subcutaneous immunotherapy (scit) with allergen extracts, administered in a physician's office. as an alternative to scit, sublingual immunotherapy (slit) is now an option for patients with seasonal ar. oralair, a slit tablet containing freeze-dried allergen extracts of five grasses [cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata), meadow grass (poa pratensis), rye grass (lolium perenne), sweet vernal grass (anthoxanthum odo ... | 2014 | 24444390 |
| soluble phenolic compounds in fresh and ensiled orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.), a common species in permanent pastures with potential as a biomass feedstock. | high-value coproducts can greatly improve the feasibility of utilizing plant feedstocks for biorefining and biofuel production. plant polyphenolics have potential application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. orchard grass varieties have been noted for accumulation of polyphenolic compounds, and the current study determined the soluble phenol profile and content in the orchard grass variety 'abertop'. hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids were monitored during the transition from vegetat ... | 2014 | 24341797 |
| efficacy of the oral chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule on th2 cells antagonist bi 671800 in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. | the inflammatory response in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (sar) is partly mediated by the prostaglandin d2 receptor chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule on t(h)2 cells (crth2). | 2014 | 24332218 |
| identification of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars by using simple sequence repeat markers. | the accurate identification of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars is necessary to ensure purity for consumers, the effective utilization of cultivars, and to protect the intellectual property for breeders. therefore, this study aimed to use ssr to construct dna fingerprinting of orchardgrass cultivars. the genetic diversity of 32 orchardgrass cultivars originated from 21 countries, but grown in china, was assessed using a set of 29 ssr markers distributed across 9 linkage groups of t ... | 2013 | 24301771 |
| genetic diversity of natural orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) populations in three regions in europe. | dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass or cocksfoot) is a forage crop of agronomic importance comprising high phenotypic plasticity and variability. although the genus dactylis has been studied quite well within the past century, little is known about the genetic diversity and population patterns of natural populations from geographically distinct grassland regions in europe. the objectives of this study were to test the ploidy level of 59 natural and semi-natural populations of d. glomerata, to inves ... | 2013 | 24165514 |
| evolutionary relationships between rhynchosporium lolii sp. nov. and other rhynchosporium species on grasses. | the fungal genus rhynchosporium (causative agent of leaf blotch) contains several host-specialised species, including r. commune (colonising barley and brome-grass), r. agropyri (couch-grass), r. secalis (rye and triticale) and the more distantly related r. orthosporum (cocksfoot). this study used molecular fingerprinting, multilocus dna sequence data, conidial morphology, host range tests and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the relationship between rhynchosporium species on ryegrass ... | 2013 | 24146740 |
| effect of hay steaming on forage nutritive values and dry matter intake by horses. | management strategies for horses with respiratory disease include soaking hay before feeding. hay steaming is an alternative to this practice; however, little is known about its impact on forage nutritive values or intake. the objective was to determine the effect of steaming on forage nutritive value and intake by horses. two alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) mixed hays were evaluated: a low moldy (nm) and moderately moldy (mm) hay. six mature horses were used in ... | 2013 | 24146155 |
| lactobacillus silagei sp. nov., isolated from orchardgrass silage. | a gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming and catalase-negative rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated iwt126(t), was isolated from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) silage preserved in hachimantai, iwate, japan. the isolate showed growth at 15-45 °c, ph 3.5-7.5 and with 4.0 % (w/v) nacl. the cell wall peptidoglycan did not contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the dna g+c content was 45.6 mol%. the major cellular fatty acids were c16 : 0 and c19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. ba ... | 2013 | 23919960 |
| infectious transcripts of an asymptomatic panicovirus identified from a metagenomic survey. | a new panicovirus was identified from a metagenomic survey of plant viruses in the tallgrass prairie preserve (tpp), osage county, oklahoma, usa. thin paspalum asymptomatic virus (tpav) was isolated from paspalum setaceum var. muehlenbergii. the complete 4195 nucleotide sequence encodes six proteins of 44, 109, 8, 6.8, 26, and 15kda, whose genes are similar in size and location to those of panicum mosaic virus (pmv) and cocksfoot mild mosaic virus (cmmv). infectious transcripts made from cdnas o ... | 2013 | 23774065 |
| tailoring wet explosion process parameters for the pretreatment of cocksfoot grass for high sugar yields. | the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is crucial for efficient subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. in this study, wet explosion (wex) pretreatment was applied to cocksfoot grass and pretreatment conditions were tailored for maximizing the sugar yields using response surface methodology. the wex process parameters studied were temperature (160-210 °c), retention time (5-20 min), and dilute sulfuric acid concentration (0.2-0.5 %). the pretreatment parameter set e, apply ... | 2013 | 23709291 |
| description of lactobacillus iwatensis sp. nov., isolated from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) silage, and lactobacillus backii sp. nov. | two bacterial strains, designated iwt246(t) and iwt248, were isolated from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) silage from iwate prefecture, japan, and examined for a taxonomic study. both organisms were rod-shaped, gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and homofermentative. the cell wall did not contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major fatty acids were c18 : 1ω9c and c19 cyclo 9,10/:1. comparative analyses of 16s rrna, phes and rpoa gene sequences revealed that ... | 2013 | 23687059 |
| plants suppress their emission of volatiles when growing with conspecifics. | plant volatiles mediate interactions with herbivores, herbivore enemies, and abiotic stresses, but these interactions mostly have been studied with individual isolated plants. it is not yet known how intra- and interspecific plant competition influence volatile emission. in a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the volatile emission by red clover (trifolium pratense) growing alone, with a conspecific, or with an individual of the naturally co-occurring orchard grass, dactylis glomerata. the i ... | 2013 | 23525954 |
| effect of supplementing orchardgrass herbage with a total mixed ration or flaxseed on fermentation profile and bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture. | a 4-unit dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to evaluate the effects of supplementing fresh herbage with a total mixed ration (tmr) or flaxseed on nutrient digestibility, fermentation profile, and bacterial n synthesis. diets were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 latin square design. each fermentor was fed a total of 70 g of dry matter/d of 1 of 4 diets: (1) 100% freeze-dried orchardgrass herbage (dactylis glomerata l.; herb), (2) 100% freeze-dried tmr (100tmr), (3) ... | 2013 | 23522677 |
| storage characteristics, nutritive value, energy content, and in vivo digestibility of moist, large rectangular bales of alfalfa-orchardgrass hay treated with a propionic acid-based preservative. | unstable weather, poor drying conditions, and unpredictable rainfall events often place valuable hay crops at risk. recent research with large round bales composed of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) has shown that these large-bale packages are particularly sensitive to spontaneous heating and dry matter (dm) losses, as well as other undesirable changes with respect to forage fiber, protein, and energy density. various formulations of organic acids have been ... | 2013 | 23415527 |
| stomata are less responsive to environmental stimuli in high background ozone in dactylis glomerata and ranunculus acris. | two mesotrophic grassland species, ranunculus acris and dactylis glomerata were exposed to a range of ozone treatments (16.2-89.5 ppb 24 h mean) and two watering regimes under naturally fluctuating photosynthetically active radiation (par), vapour pressure deficit (vpd) and temperature. stomatal conductance was measured throughout the experiments, and the combined data set (>1000 measurements) was analysed for effects of low and high ozone on responses to environmental stimuli. we show that when ... | 2013 | 23354156 |
| traditional uses of some medicinal plants in malatya (turkey). | this study has identified not only the wild plants collected for medical purposes by local people of malatya province in the eastern anatolia region, but also the uses and local names of these plants. it tried to provide a source for researchers studying in ethnobotany, pharmacology and chemistry by comparing the information obtained from traditionally used herbs with previous laboratory studies. | 2013 | 23333750 |
| anaerobic methane production from five common grassland species at sequential stages of maturity. | since grass will likely be a dominant feedstock for on-farm anaerobic digestion in northwest europe, changes in the chemical composition of five common grass species with advancing harvest date in the primary growth were investigated and related to specific ch(4) yields. the increase in fibre components with advancing harvest date had a negative impact on the specific ch(4) yield (253 and 225 nl ch(4) kg(-1) vs for 12 may and 7 july harvests, respectively), and this impact was similar across the ... | 2013 | 23131635 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity of substituted pyrazole isothiocyanates. | isothiocyanates and substituted pyrazoles were combined to form a series of novel isothiocyanates with highly effective herbicidal activity. the target compounds were analyzed by elemental analysis, 1h-nmr, ei-ms and ir spectroscopy. the synthesized compounds, particularly compounds 3-1 and 3-7, exhibited good herbicidal activities against four weeds. the ec(50) values of compound 3-1 against echinochloa crusgalli l., cyperus iria l., dactylis glomerata l., and trifolium repens l. were 64.32, 65 ... | 2012 | 23075815 |
| antimony, arsenic and lead distribution in soils and plants of an agricultural area impacted by former mining activities. | an agricultural area impacted by the former exploitation of an arsenical lead-antimony deposit was studied in order to assess the current and eventual environmental and health impacts. samples of soils and cultivated (wheat) and spontaneously growing plants were collected at different distances from the mine pits and analyzed for the toxic element content and distribution. the soil total concentrations of sb, as and pb found in the uppermost soil layer (14.1-324, 246-758 and 757-10,660 mg kg(-1) ... | 2012 | 23063636 |
| pretreatment as the crucial step for a cellulosic ethanol biorefinery: testing the efficiency of wet explosion on different types of biomass. | the efficiency of wet explosion applied as modified dilute acid pretreatment at previously identified reference conditions (150°c, 0.3% h(2)so(4), 15 min) was investigated on lucerne, ryegrass, fescue grass, cocksfoot grass, rye fescue, forage grass, and wheat straw in order to identify their potential as feedstock for cellulosic bioethanol production. after pretreatment, cellulose recovery was more than 95% for all biomass while enzymatic convertibility of cellulose ranged from 40% to 80%. lowe ... | 2012 | 22989639 |
| leaching and ponding of viral contaminants following land application of biosolids on sandy-loam soil. | much of the land available for application of biosolids is cropland near urban areas. biosolids are often applied on hay or grassland during the growing season or on corn ground before planting or after harvest in the fall. in this study, mesophilic anaerobic digested (mad) biosolids were applied at 56,000 l/ha on a sandy-loam soil over large containment lysimeters seeded to perennial covers of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), switchgrass (panicum virgatum), or planted annually to maize (ze ... | 2012 | 22885066 |
| zymoseptoria ardabiliae and z. pseudotritici, two progenitor species of the septoria tritici leaf blotch fungus z. tritici (synonym: mycosphaerella graminicola). | zymoseptoria is a newly described genus that includes the prominent wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici (synonyms mycosphaerella graminicola and septoria tritici). studies indicated that the center of origin of z. tritici is in the middle east where this important pathogen emerged during the domestication of wheat. several zymoseptoria species have been found on uncultivated grasses in the middle east, and in this article we describe two new zymoseptoria species from iran. these species, isolate ... | 2012 | 22675045 |
| expansion of a globally pervasive grass occurs without substantial trait differences between home and away populations. | the global expansion of species beyond their ancestral ranges can derive from mechanisms that are trait-based (e.g., post-establishment evolved differences compared to home populations) or circumstantial (e.g., propagule pressure, with no trait-based differences). these mechanisms can be difficult to distinguish following establishment, but each makes unique predictions regarding trait similarity between ancestral ('home') and introduced ('away') populations. here, we tested for trait-based popu ... | 2012 | 22669263 |
| a genetic linkage map of tetraploid orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and quantitative trait loci for heading date. | orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), or cocksfoot, is indigenous to eurasia and northern africa, but has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is one of the top perennial forage grasses grown worldwide. to improve the understanding of genetic architecture of orchardgrass and provide a template for heading date candidate gene search in this species, the goals of the present study were to construct a tetraploid orchardgrass genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci associa ... | 2012 | 22551303 |
| genetic variation and comparison of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars and wild accessions as revealed by ssr markers. | orchardgrass is a highly variable, perennial forage grass that is cultivated throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world. despite its economic importance, the genetic relationship and distance among and within cultivars are largely unknown but would be of great interest for breeding programs. we investigated the molecular variation and structure of cultivar populations, compared the level of genetic diversity among cultivars (baoxing, anba, bote, and kaimo), subspecies (dactylis gl ... | 2012 | 22427034 |
| reduced soil water availability did not protect two competing grassland species from the negative effects of increasing background ozone. | two common (semi-) natural temperate grassland species, dactylis glomerata and ranunculus acris, were grown in competition and exposed to two watering regimes: well-watered (ww, 20-40% v/v) and reduced-watered (rw, 7.5-20% v/v) in combination with eight ozone treatments ranging from pre-industrial to predicted 2100 background levels. for both species there was a significant increase in leaf damage with increasing background ozone concentration. rw had no protective effect against increasing leve ... | 2012 | 22420992 |
| redox state of low-molecular-weight thiols and disulphides during somatic embryogenesis of salt-treated suspension cultures of dactylis glomerata l. | the tripeptide antioxidant γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine, or glutathione (gsh), serves a central role in ros scavenging and oxidative signalling. here, gsh, glutathione disulphide (gssg), and other low-molecular-weight (lmw) thiols and their corresponding disulphides were studied in embryogenic suspension cultures of dactylis glomerata l. subjected to moderate (0.085 m nacl) or severe (0.17 m nacl) salt stress. total glutathione (gsh + gssg) concentrations and redox state were associated with ... | 2012 | 22348546 |
| comparison of a colorimetric and a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of fructan in pasture grasses for horses. | pasture (fresh or conserved as hay/haylage) forms the basis of most equid diets and contains varying amounts (0 to ≥ 200 g kg⁻¹ dry matter (dm) or more) of fructans. over-consumption of fructan is associated with the onset of laminitis in equids, an agonizing condition that may necessitate euthanasia. to enable appropriate dietary management of animals susceptible to laminitis, it is essential that fructans can be properly quantified in fresh and conserved pasture. for research purposes, fructan ... | 2012 | 22297902 |
| dynamic trajectories of growth and nitrogen capture by competing plants. | although dynamic, plant competition is usually estimated as biomass differences at a single, arbitrary time; resource capture is rarely measured. this restricted approach perpetuates uncertainty. to address this problem, we characterized the competitive dynamics of dactylis glomerata and plantago lanceolata as continuous trajectories of biomass production and nitrogen (n) capture. plants were grown together or in isolation. biomass and n content were measured at 17 harvests up to 76 d after sowi ... | 2012 | 22236094 |
| using natural gradients to infer a potential response to climate change: an example on the reproductive performance of dactylis glomerata l. | an understanding of the climate conditions governing spatial variation in the reproductive performance of plants can provide important information about the factors characterizing plant community structure, especially in the context of climate change. this study focuses on the effect of climate on the sexual reproductive output of dactylis glomerata l., a perennial grass species widely distributed throughout temperate regions. an indirect space-for-time substitution procedure was used. sixty mou ... | 2012 | 24832520 |
| within season and carry-over effects following exposure of grassland species mixtures to increasing background ozone. | few studies have investigated effects of increased background ozone in the absence of episodic peaks, despite a predicted increase throughout the northern hemisphere over the coming decades. in this study leontodon hispidus was grown with anthoxanthum odoratum or dactylis glomerata and exposed in the uk to one of eight background ozone concentrations for 20 weeks in solardomes. seasonal mean ozone concentrations ranged from 21.4 to 102.5 ppb. ozone-induced senescence of l. hispidus was enhanced ... | 2011 | 21763041 |
| orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) est and ssr marker development, annotation, and transferability. | orchardgrass, or cocksfoot [dactylis glomerata (l.)], has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is a commonly used species for forage and hay production. all major cultivated varieties of orchardgrass are autotetraploid, and few tools or information are available for functional and comparative genetic analyses and improvement of the species. to improve the genetic resources for orchardgrass, we have developed an est library and ssr markers from salt, drought, and cold stressed tissues. ... | 2011 | 21465186 |
| genetic maps of ssr and srap markers in diploid orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) using the pseudo-testcross strategy. | orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is one of the most important cool-season forage grasses commonly grown throughout the temperate regions of the world. the objective of this work was to construct a diploid (2n = 2x = 14) orchardgrass genetic linkage map useful as a framework for basic genetic studies and plant breeding. a combination of simple sequence repeat (ssr) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap) molecular markers were used for map construction. the linkage relationships am ... | 2011 | 21423284 |
| transformation of epichloë typhina by electroporation of conidia. | choke, caused by the endophytic fungus epichloë typhina, is an important disease affecting orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) seed production in the willamette valley. little is known concerning the conditions necessary for successful infection of orchardgrass by e. typhina. detection of e. typhina in plants early in the disease cycle can be difficult due to the sparse distribution of hyphae in the plant. therefore, a sensitive method to detect fungal infection in plants would provide an inval ... | 2011 | 21375770 |
| two new species of rhynchosporium. | rhynchosporium consists of two species, r. secalis and r. orthosporum. both are pathogens of grasses with r. secalis infecting a variety of poaceae hosts and r. orthosporum infecting dactylis glomerata. phylogenetic analyses of multilocus dna sequence data on r. secalis isolates originating from cultivated barley, rye, triticale and other grasses, including agropyron spp., bromus diandrus and hordeum spp., resolved the monophyletic groups into three species according to their respective hosts. h ... | 2011 | 20943529 |
| the effects of endophytes on seed production and seed predation of tall fescue and meadow fescue. | fungal endophytes of grasses are often included in agricultural management and in ecological studies of natural grass populations. in european agriculture and ecological studies, however, grass endophytes are largely ignored. in this study, we determined endophyte infection frequencies of 13 european cultivars and 49 wild tall fescue (schedonorus phoenix) populations in northern europe. we then examined seed production and seed predation of endophyte-infected (e+) and endophyte-free (e-) tall fe ... | 2010 | 20871988 |
| root-shoot growth responses during interspecific competition quantified using allometric modelling. | plant competition studies are restricted by the difficulty of quantifying root systems of competitors. analyses are usually limited to above-ground traits. here, a new approach to address this issue is reported. | 2010 | 20829193 |
| enzymatic activity of a mine soil varies according to vegetation cover and level of compost applied. | we applied three doses of compost from mixed municipal solid waste (0, 15, and 30 g kg(-1) of soil) to a soil developed on pyrite mine wastes. part of the soil was planted with young erica australis l. collected at the mine; part was fertilized with n-p-k-mg and sown with dactylis glomerata l .bare soil without mineral fertilization was included in the experiment, as well. compost application to bare soil increased ph, provided plant nutrients, and enhanced the activity of the six soil enzymes t ... | 2010 | 20734914 |
| plant resource-use strategies: the importance of phenotypic plasticity in response to a productivity gradient for two subalpine species. | functional traits are indicators of plant interactions with their environment and the resource-use strategies of species can be defined through some key functional traits. the importance of genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity in trait variations in response to a common environmental change was investigated in two subalpine species. | 2010 | 20682576 |
| uptake and transformation of soil [14c]-trinitrotoluene by cool-season grasses. | this study investigated the fate and uptake of [(14)c]-tnt from soil into orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) over a one year period in a greenhouse-controlled environment. pots (n = 4 for each grass, containing 10 mg cold tnt/kg soil + 1.2 mg [(14)c]-tnt/kg soil and controls with no tnt) were exposed to light and temperature conditions typical of june at 45 degrees n for 369 days. three plant harvests were made (63, 181, ... | 2010 | 20666491 |
| effects of spontaneous heating on estimates of total digestible nutrients for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays packaged in large round bales. | large round or large square hay packages are more likely to heat spontaneously during storage than hay packaged in conventional (45 kg) bales, and the effects of this phenomenon on the associated energy estimates for these hays can be severe. our objectives for this project were to assess the relationship between estimates of total digestible nutrients (tdn) and spontaneous heating and to describe any important differences in energy estimates that may result specifically from 2 methods of estima ... | 2010 | 20630254 |
| detection of cereal yellow dwarf virus using small interfering rnas and enhanced infection rate with cocksfoot streak virus in wild cocksfoot grass (dactylis glomerata). | small rna sequences were obtained from leaf extracts of wild dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot grass) using deep sequencing (454 life sciences, roche diagnostics), and were screened against virus sequences in genbank using a local blastn search program (bioedit). putative small interfering (si)rnas complementary in sequence to cereal yellow dwarf virus (cydv, genus luteovirus) genomes were identified. primer sequences were made against the "high scoring" sirna sequences and rt-pcr was used to amplif ... | 2010 | 20558208 |
| proof of concept pilot study: prevalence of grass virus infection and the potential for effects on the allergenic potency of pollen. | wild plants harbour a variety of viruses and these have the potential to alter the composition of pollen. the potential consequences of virus infection of grasses on pollen-induced allergic disease are not known. | 2009 | 20102577 |